Please teach me how to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence and received the best answer
Answer from Yaisa Salantiy[guru]
I advise you not to think about any nonsense like compound nominal predicates, compound verbs and other crap) Think only about the meaning. Just like in life, you know how to explain the main thing.
What is a grammatical basis? That's the main idea of the sentence, right? Its essence. Something that conveys the main idea, without details, but so that the main idea is clear - why they are saying it, what they wanted to convey.
This, by the way, is often controversial in Russian and not always easy even for professional philologists.
But the point is this. You find the subject. It's usually simple - who/what we're talking about. Then you remove everything) And you think. What is the MAIN thing said about it (the subject)? What does it do? Or what is it like? (this is about the compound nominal). Imagine that you have a crazy tariff on your mobile phone and you need to quickly tell your friend only the IMPORTANT of these sentences. What do you say? Fuck the details - the tariff is such that you will go broke if you talk about everything. If you remove something unnecessary, your friend won’t understand a damn thing.
What will you leave? This will be the grammatical basis.
Well, let's take an example from the previous answer (adding details)
“From this Monday she began to lose weight according to the Kremlin diet”
Who are we talking about? About her. SHE is the subject.
Further. What is the main thing they say about her? What did she START, right? If you say to a friend, “She started it,” will the friend understand anything? No. He will definitely ask: “What started?” That is, the meaning is unclear. This means that there is not enough for a grammatical basis. So what did she start? I started losing weight. If you tell a friend at your outrageously expensive rate, “She’s starting to lose weight,” will the friend understand the main idea? He will understand. And to say WHEN she started losing weight, and what diet she followed - you’ll tell your curious friend when you meet)) And now you only need to convey the MAIN idea. Here's the basis: SHE STARTED TO LOSE WEIGHT.
Or here is an example with a compound nominal.
HE IS VERY BEAUTIFUL IN THIS LIGHT
So. The subject is HE, right? What is the MAIN thing you will tell your friend about him? That he is BEAUTIFUL, right? And your friend will understand WHAT you want to tell him. But if you don’t tell your friend that he is VERY beautiful (that is, to what extent he is beautiful) and when exactly (in such lighting) the friend will still understand the main thing - that HE IS BEAUTIFUL. So?
That's what you think. Not about all sorts of SIS, GHS and other crap, but about MEANING, THE MAIN THOUGHT and remembering your insanely expensive tariff))) So that a friend can EVERYTHING CLEAR, but without details that can be told at the meeting)))
Source: Teacher Russian. language and literature)
Reply from Natalia Tarasenko[newbie]
Subject to tale
Reply from Nikita Smirnov[newbie]
In short, look at the subjects and the predicate like this. The predicate is underlined ---------------
and the subjects ========================
Reply from Ggt Ggt[active]
what is the grammatical basis in the sentence “He himself is under suspicion from the king”
Reply from Crawl[expert]
The grammatical basis of a sentence is subject + predicate.
PGS is simply a verb or phraseological unit.
For example, "I'LL COME" or "He's lost his temper"
CGS is a combination of two verbs (the second verb is an infinitive, i.e. it ends in -т)
For example, “She STARTED TO LOSE WEIGHT”
SIS is a combination of a linking verb (which is almost always absent in the present tense): to be, to become, to appear, to appear, to appear, to be considered (etc.) and a nominal part (i.e., noun, adjective, numeral, adverb )
For example, “My friend is an excellent student” or “He is very handsome” or “Yesterday it was cold”
Reply from I work I play[newbie]
The guys are now schoolchildren.
Reply from Kamper.ru[newbie]
Each sentence contains a grammatical basis. The components of the grammatical basis of a sentence are the subject and the predicate. The secondary members of the sentence indirectly or directly separate these words. The grammatical meanings of the construction are determined by the meaning of the mood and tense of the predicate expressed by the verb. For example: “The ball flies straight into the goal.” The action of the subject is happening, and is happening now. "The ball was flying straight into the goal." The action of the subject occurred and occurred in the past tense. "The ball would have gone into the goal." The action of the object does not occur, but is expressed in a wish. Grammatical basis: examples The subject and predicate in a sentence can be expressed in different ways, sometimes taking unusual forms. Therefore, it is necessary to examine in more detail the concept and examples of the parts of the sentence that make up the grammatical basis. The subject is the main member of the sentence and denotes the object that performs some action. The subject answers the questions "who?" and “what?”, characteristic of the nominative case. The following examples will help you correctly determine the subject of a sentence: The subject is a noun in the nominative case. "The dog has its tail between its legs." The subject is a pronoun in the nominative case. “I saw”, “Who brought the apples?” "This is funny." "This is their child." “The wallet that was found belonged to Marina” (subject in a subordinate clause). “The leaf that fell on the alley seemed fiery red” (subject in a subordinate clause). "Someone will see." "Everyone got quiet." The subject is the infinitive form of the verb. "Being brave is already a victory." "Listening means hearing." "To break is not to build." The subject is a combination of several words (one in the nominative case). “My brother and I rarely quarreled.” The subject is a combination of several words (without the nominative case). “Two birds sat on the windowsill” The predicate is the main member of the sentence, associated with the subject and having the expressed question “what does it do?” meaning. Also, questions characterizing the predicate include “what is he like?”, “what is he like,” “who is he?” For example, “I drank about a liter of water.” The predicate is the main member of the sentence, associated with the subject and having the expressed question “what does it do?” meaning. Also, questions characterizing the predicate include “what is he like?”, “what is he like,” “who is he?” Speaking about what a grammatical basis is, it is impossible not to cover the concepts of a simple and compound predicate. The first expresses the verb in the form of any mood. A compound is expressed by several words, one of which connects it with the subject, while the others carry a semantic load. For example: “His mother was a nurse” - the verb “was” connects the predicate with the subject, and “nurse” carries the semantic load of the predicate. That is, in this sentence the predicate is “she was a nurse.” A compound predicate can be a compound verb and a compound nominal. A simple verbal predicate can be expressed using a verb in one of the following forms: Present tense and past tense verb forms. "He runs fast." "My sister didn't hear the call." Future tense verb form. "They will ask me tomorrow." The form of the verb is conditional or imperative. “I wouldn’t go into that yard.” "Let him eat what he wants." To summarize, we can say that the grammatical basis expresses the grammatical meaning of the structure and the number of grammatical stems in a sentence is, as a rule, not limited.
Perhaps you have already been able to verify that even the lightest punctuation marks (at the end of a sentence) are not as easy to place as it immediately seems because it is necessary think about the meaning of sentences and text. And it’s even more difficult work on punctuation in the middle of a sentence. Here you need to think about what blocks the sentence consists of, where the boundaries of the blocks are, and then place punctuation marks in accordance with the rules. Don't be scared! We will deal with even the most complex cases, help you understand them and turn them into simple ones!
Let's start, perhaps, with main blocks - simple sentences, which may be part of a complex What does a simple sentence consist of? His heart is grammatical basis, usually consisting of subject And predicate. Around the grammatical stem are located minor members of the sentence, isolated and non-separated; included in the predicate group and the subject group.
The grammatical basis is the basis because the whole proposal rests on it. If you learn to find it quickly, it will be easy to place those necessary punctuation marks that will mark the boundary of simple sentences within a complex one. How should one reason?
Determine how many stems are in a sentence:
Is it difficult to find the grammatical basis of a sentence? Sometimes it's very simple: subject (who? or what?), predicate (what is he doing? what did he do?). But often there are more complicated cases.
Conclusion: one basis - a simple sentence; two or more basics – complex.
Try to determine the grammatical basis of the following sentences (see answers below).
1. Everything is clear to us, the masters.
2. Suddenly a “cuckoo” sound was heard from the little window of the bright room!
3. Your host is both nice and hospitable.
4. Everyone tries to get involved with their own proposal.
5. The village where we played in the summer was a lovely place.
6. Evening. Forest. Long journey.
7. Our city is decorated with a wonderful park.
8. He who strives for victory will definitely win.
If you completed this job without errors, congratulations! If you come across mistakes, don’t be upset: they exist for this purpose, to cope with it and overcome them!
What mistakes could lie in wait for you here? Someone might have lost the subject, somewhere there was no predicate, in some sentence an object was squeezed in instead of the subject, in some cases members of the sentence were even emphasized that had nothing to do with each other.
Is it really that scary? Of course not! But, if you find the grammatical basis incorrectly, you cannot see the blocks correctly, so it turns out that a simple sentence is mistakenly taken for a complex one, in complex ones the number of parts is incorrectly determined, which means that punctuation marks are arranged as they please.
How to find this insidious grammatical basis? You can first find the predicate, then the subject, or vice versa, just remember a few tips:
1) In order to find the subject, be sure to specify from the predicate double question: who? What? Then you You are unlikely to confuse subject and object.
Try this when determining the subject in the following sentences.
The captain saw the shore first.
The front of the dress was decorated with flowers.
If you asked a double question from the predicate, then you found the subjects captain And flowers.
2) In order to find the predicate, try asking questions: “What is happening? What does it say about the subject? What is this subject (subject)? What is he doing? (subject)"
Studentwas beautiful.
On the street freshly And windy.
For kids couldn't sit still on the spot.
Wonderful game– catching up!
3) From the reversal of the terms, the sum is changing. This means be careful about certain sentences when determining the grammatical basis.
Green city(one-part noun sentence).
The city is green(two-part sentence).
You have already seen that this happens when a sentence has only a subject or only a predicate (much more often). Such proposals are called one-piece. Be careful when working with such offers! It is in them often the complement is disguised as the subject in meaning. Then go back to our first clue, ask a double question– and everything will become clear.
Try to find the grammatical basis in these sentences.
To me cold
But.
To him can't sleep.
To me I want to smilesnuggle.
Many people will say that these sentences have a subject and a predicate, that is, they are two-part. Then I can ask what is the subject? The answer may be - me, him. Then one more question: Where are the words I and HE in these sentences? There are none, there are other forms: me, him. And this is already not a subject, but an object. If you ask the question: Who? What?- everything will fall into place. The correct answer is: this one-part impersonal sentences. They do not and cannot have a subject, the predicate is in italics.
We hope that you will now have fewer problems determining the grammatical basis of a sentence!
Answers to the task.
1. EverythingIt's clear.
2.
I heard"peek-a-boo"!
3.
Masternice, hospitable.
4.
Every tries to get in.
5.
Villagewas adorable corner; Weplayed.
6.
Evening.
Forest. Further path.
7.
Decoratespark. 8. Aspiringwill win.
Let's take a closer look at such a part of the grammatical basis as predicate. The easiest way, as it may seem, is to determine simple verb predicate. No wonder it’s called that - simple. This means that it is usually easier to find than all other types of predicate. Most often, as such a predicate we will find verb in the indicative mood.
Sun got up. Childrenwake up And are coming to school.Begins new beautiful day.
In these sentences it is really easy to define simple verbal predicates. However, there are points that need to be paid attention to when defining such a predicate. It can be cunning masquerade as a compound verb. Try to remember a few basic rules.
1. A verb can be predicated in any tense (present, past and future):
The day after tomorrow I will definitelyI'll read novel by L.N. Tolstoy's Anna Karenina.
My babywill study effortlessly.
You will certainlyyou will admire achievements of the students of this school.
Don’t be embarrassed that the sentences before you include predicates like b I will read, I will learn, I will admire. Yes, there is a predicate here consists of two verbs BUT that's just future tense form. Compare with the present and past tense forms: I read, read; studying, studied; admire, admired.
Today I I'm reading
My babystudies effortlessly.
You admire achievements of the students of this school.
Yesterday I read novel by L. N. Tolstoy “Anna Karenina”.
My baby studied effortlessly.
You admired achievements of the students of this school.
2. A verb can be predicated in any mood (indicative, imperative and conditional).
Don't be confused by the particles that help form shapes conditional and imperative mood(would, let, let, come on, let's, yeah). They do not turn a simple verbal predicate into a compound predicate, but they make it difficult for us to determine the type of predicate.
You told tell her the whole truth(indicative mood).
You I would tell tell her the whole truth(conditional mood).
You Tell tell her the whole truth(imperative). Let she will be happy.
3. The infinitive (the initial form of the verb) can also act as a simple verbal predicate.
I ride
from the ice slide - and he followed me.
We work , and they rest.
4. A phraseological unit is not divided into parts, but is one member of a sentence.
Nikita like the wind blew away from the veranda.
Humanity is gradually goes crazy.
Now let's move on to consider compound verb predicate. It includes:
* main component– verb in initial form,
* auxiliary component- more often verb, but maybe short adjective or participle, adverb or adverbial phrase, noun, phraseological unit.
Compound predicates show a particular tendency to masquerade as other members of the sentence during parsing, to be incompletely detected, or to be completely lost. But we will figure this out too! Look at some clues.
1. The auxiliary verb in a compound verbal predicate has a specific meaning: beginning, continuation, end of action; opportunity, desire, evaluation of action. These could be words started, stopped, could, wanted, could, loved, was afraid, was wary, feared etc.
I Want Fine pass exams.
Henot afraid to experiment.
We beware of buying low quality products.
2. In this case, the main component will be expressed by the initial form of the verb ( infinitive), and not another part of speech.
Compare.
Shebecame an actress (compound nominal predicate).
She started dancing (compound verb predicate).
3. The auxiliary component can be a short adjective or participle, adverb or adverbial phrase, noun, phraseological unit, stable combination. The value of the auxiliary component is opportunity, desire, evaluation of action.
We always happy to help to our students(short adjective as a connective).
I forced to reschedule classes the next day(short participle as a connective).
Helover of pranks teacher(noun as a connective).
Hunter was eager to track down
handsome deer by all means(phraseologism as a connective). 
4. Both actions must be performed one object (subject). Think about who is performing the actions, then you will not confuse simple and compound verbal predicates.
I asked grandma to read me a book.(The predicate is a simple verb, because I asked, and grandma will read).
Let's hope these tips help you when parsing a sentence and determining the types of predicate.
Good luck in learning Russian!
Still have questions? Don't know the types of predicates?To get help from a tutor, register.Subject And predicate are in the closest almost “family” relationship - grammatical And semantic. The predicate is called that way because it tells, "says" about the subject. These members of the sentence carry the main meaning of any sentence.
Are there problems in the “relationship” between subject and predicate? Of course they do. First of all, this concerns compound nominal predicate. This predicate type, as you remember, consists of linking verb(auxiliary component) and noun part. Most often we find the verb in the role of a linking verb be.
Usually it is present in a compound nominal predicate in past tense: was, was, was, were
.
For example: A distinctive feature of the professor was his love for his subject.
Present tense The linking verb is almost always omitted and the subject remains with the nominal part of the predicate. For example: Time is the best medicine.
Sometimes we can still find the verb be in the present tense. As a rule, this is a feature of scientific, bookish speech. For example: Predicatethere is one of the main members two-part sentence.
In ordinary, colloquial speech, linking verb be falls. It probably wouldn’t occur to anyone to say something like “I am a high school student.” But the linking verb does not like to disappear without a trace; it often leaves its deputy In the role of such a deputy we can see dash. A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate if there is no linking verb, but sometimes before the predicate there are other words that can be “friendly” or “not friendly” with a dash. Remember a few tips.
Light winter rain Here existence disaster of our time.
To love -means to understand And forgive.
Offer- this is the minimum unit of speech, which is a grammatically organized combination of words (or one word) with semantic and intonation completeness. A sentence consists of main and secondary members. The main members form the grammatical basis of a sentence, which can include two main members (subject and predicate) and one (subject or predicate):
The wind blows from the sea. It blows from the sea. Wind . It's windy at sea.
The subject and predicate occupy the main syntactic positions in a two-part sentence; they express a minimum of information. For example, a sentence A damp, cold wind blew from the sea can be minimized The wind was blowing, where the basic structure and meaning are preserved.
SUBJECT
Subject- this is the main member of the sentence, which denotes an object, including an abstract one, a phenomenon, action, sign or state of which is characterized by a predicate. The subject can mean:
1) face: Someone knocked on the door.
2) object (including animate): The rowan tree turned red, the water turned blue.
3) phenomenon: Dawn scatters red stripes across the snow.
4) abstract concept: From infancy, the spirit of competition was seething in us.
5) condition: But the stubborn anger of the rear waves broke through the snow..
6) quality, property: My self-will will break through every heart, through every network.
7) an action that is the center of the speaker’s thought and can be replaced by a noun formed from a verb: Arguing is his hobby(=dispute).
Ways to Express Subject
The subject can be:
1) noun in the form im. case (with concrete, real or abstract meaning): The rowan tree lit up with a red brush. The room was filled with the scent of roses.
2) pronouns-nouns:
a) personal: I hear your voice again.
b) uncertain: Someone did it before us.
c) negative: No one will notice me at night.
d) pronouns of other categories in the meaning of a noun: This happened at the end of October, during the autumn holidays, and ended on the first day of classes. Everyone is coming for our name day.
3) any part of speech that can be used in the meaning of a noun (substantivized):
a) adjective: The unknown person threw the letter into the box and disappeared into the darkness.
b) participle: The dancers constantly pushed each other.
c) numeral: quantitative - Twenty divided by four; collective - Only once did three people escape from a residential area in a car and take a suitcase of bread; ordinal - One walks, another drives, the third sings a song;
d) unchangeable parts of speech (conjunctions, particles, adverbs, interjections): Only oohs and ahs were heard around;
4) infinitive: Making an effect is their pleasure...
II. Phrase:
1) an expression with a quantitative meaning: a numeral, pronoun or noun with the meaning of quantity, group, totality in combination with a noun in the form of the genitive case, including: a combination of a collective noun (majority, minority, plurality..) with a noun in the form of gender. case:
Many different herbs, berries, blooming, rose from below to this old huge stump.
2) an expression with a selective meaning: a numeral, a pronoun, an adjective in combination with a noun (or parts of speech that replace it) in the form of the genitive plural with the preposition IZ:
One of the glasses fell from the tray and broke.
3) an expression with a collective meaning: a noun or pronoun in combination with the instrumental case form of the noun or pronoun and the preposition C:
4) combinations expressing an approximate quantity using words about, over, more, less: etc., lies in the absence of form to them. case: More than fifty kilometers there was still more to come.
5) indivisible combinations and compound terms: geographical names - Cape of Good Hope, Gulf of St. Lawrence; names of institutions, organizations, enterprises - International Monetary Fund, Nizhny Novgorod Drama Theater; names of historical eras and events: Ancient Greece, Great Depression, French Revolution; names of significant dates, holidays: Victory Day, New Year; stable combinations of terminological nature: obtuse angle, Ohm's law; catchphrases like: sword of Damocles, Achilles' heel, Ared's eyelids;
6) a combination of an indefinite pronoun and a word explaining it: motionless someone, black someone counts people in silence;
7) descriptive phrases: A man with imagination I would definitely compare the autumn rowan tree with fire. The grains of your eyes crumbled, withered...
8) an expression with a temporary meaning, which includes the words BEGINNING, MIDDLE, END:
The end of the year turned out to be busy.
PREDICATE
Predicate- This is the main member of the sentence that determines the subject. The predicate characterizes the subject of speech in terms of time and in relation to the person speaking. Essentially, the predicate is what is said about the subject: what does the subject do? what is being done with it? who (what is) the subject of speech? who is the subject? what is the subject? The predicate, acting as a determiner in relation to the subject, can mean:
1) action: Again the birds fly from afar to the shores breaking up the ice.
2) condition: The darkness of the night lies on the hills of Georgia...
3) the property of performing or not performing an action: The road does not gather dust, the leaves do not tremble.
4) quality: Beneath him is a stream of lighter azure...
5) quantity: So, nine eight is seventy two, right?
6) accessory: The sun is mine.
7) generic concept: Skvoryonushka is a small forest river.
Classification of predicates
Simple verb predicate (SVP)
A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed verb of any mood , time and person: The village drowned (removed inc., pr. vr.) in potholes; Give me (command), Jim, for good luck, give me a paw...; I would write (conventional) eight lines about the properties of passion; But, doomed to persecution, I will continue to sing for a long time (extracted inscription, future time).
You should pay attention to the last example: in it the predicate is expressed complex form of future tense (cf.: I'll draw(non-sov. species) - I'll draw(owl species)). The future tense of imperfective verbs is formed using an auxiliary word be, used in the correct person and number. It is this component that expresses the grammatical meanings of the predicate, and its meaning is conveyed by the infinitive. This predicate refers to a simple verb:
I will (will, will) + infinitive = ASG
A simple verbal predicate can contain various particles, usually used in a conversational style: Let him see, let him cry. And let the birds cry with a ringing sound.
A simple verb predicate can be expressed infinitive, verbal interjection : And the queen laughed and shrugged her shoulders; The Monkey saw his image in the mirror and quietly nudged the Bear with his foot...
Simple complicated verbal predicates also include phraseological verb combinations , which have a single meaning of action and act as one member of the sentence - the predicate: stall for time, get into your soul, lose your temper, bend your back, hurt your soul, have your head in the clouds...
Compound Verbal Predicate (CVS)
Compound verbal predicates include predicates expressed auxiliary verb (or elements replacing the verb) in the conjugated form, and infinitive .
Auxiliary verb + infinitive = GHS
The following can act as an auxiliary verb:
a) phase verbs, i.e. denoting the beginning, continuation or end of an action: begin, start, become, accept, continue, end, stop, quit: started reading, continued singing;
b) modal verbs denoting intention, will, ability, predisposition, desire: want, wish, be able, be able, intend, contrive, unlearn, be able to, prepare, dream, hope;
c) verbs expressing an emotional state: fear, dread, be ashamed, hesitate, dare, beware, decide, love, hate, get used to: afraid to ask, dared to come in, love to run;
d) some impersonal verbs: should, worth, required, etc.: worth noting, worth thinking about;
e) short adjectives that do not have a full form or have it, but with a different meaning: glad, willing, intends, must, capable, willing: free to choose, able to learn, happy to help;
f) nouns: master, craftswoman, hunter, huntress, amateur, lover: master of storytelling, lover of dancing;
g) status words can, can't, must: I must admit, I have to think about it;
h) phraseological combinations: to have the honor, to make a promise, to burn with impatience: burn with the desire to hear, have the intention to relax.
Compound nominal predicate (CIS)
A compound nominal predicate consists of verb connective in a personal form expressing grammatical meaning, and noun part : Her husband was young, handsome, kind, honest and adored his wife. If the predicate has the meaning of the present tense, the connective There is may be absent (compound nominal predicate with zero connective): In the evenings, the warm air above the restaurants is wild and dull.
Verb link + nominal part = SIS
In the role linking verb may act:
a) verb be in various forms of tense and mood - abstract link (devoid of material content): The poet has a kunak for the poet; in the present tense form this connective is represented by the form There is (A noun is a part of speech that..) or formally absent: He's the director. In the latter case, the formal absence of a connective, or zero copula , is an indicator of the present tense;
b) verb with a weakened lexical meaning - semi-abstract or semi-significant copula (conveys grammatical meanings and partially contributes to the predicate and lexical meaning, but cannot be an independent predicate, since it never expresses meaning without a nominal part, since it is impossible, for example, to say I get it or She looks): to become, to become, to become, to appear, to be considered, to remain, to introduce oneself, to seem, to be called, to be called, to be reputed, to be considered: Her sister's name was Tatyana… Onegin lived as an anchorite...;
c) a verb that fully retains its lexical meaning, denoting a state, movement, etc., which in other sentences can be an independent predicate, but in this one does not convey the essence of the author’s intention about the subject, and therefore cannot be considered an independent predicate without a nominal parts - nominative or real copula — go, run, wander, sit, return, stand, lie, work, be born, live: The Ferryman's Hut stood abandoned, uninhabited.
The nominal part of the predicate can be all nominal and some other parts of speech:
1) noun in the forms of nominative or instrumental cases: Oh, if you only understood that your son is the best poet in Russia!
2) adjective in full and short forms, in forms of different degrees: How often have I wandered along your shores quiet and foggy; This street is familiar to me, and this low house is familiar;
3) participle (short and full, passive and active): Only one strip is not compressed...;
4) pronoun: The sun is mine;
5) numeral or quantitative-nominal combination: My favorite number is nine; The depth there is three meters;
6) adverbs: After all, I am somewhat akin to her;
7) interjections: Your comments are ugh to me! ;
8) an indecomposable phrase: Fables have always remained with me stumbling block.
- this is an indefinite-personal sentence that can be transformed into Someone gave you a book, but in this case the subjects are invented and not restored from the context (instead of someone there can be another word), and the predicate changes the grammatical form (from the plural in the only one).
IN two-part sentences the grammatical basis of a sentence is subject and predicate.
IN one-part sentences there is only one main component - it will be the grammatical basis ( nominal offers ( with subject), A **definitely personal, vaguely personal , **general-personal And impersonal (with predicate).
First of all you need to find subject in a sentence. The subject denotes who or what we are talking about. The subject answers the question who? or what?. It should be remembered that the subject can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by other parts of speech (pronoun, adjective, participle, numeral) by an indefinite form of a verb (infinitive) ...)
Next you need to determine predicate. The predicate answers the questions of the verbs and denotes the action performed by the subject. In its composition, the predicate can be simple and compound (nominal and verbal) and complex.
In order to correctly determine the grammatical basis of a sentence, you need to carefully read it and determine whether it is a simple sentence or a complex one, which can consist of two or more simple sentences. If the offer simple, then he will have one grammatical basis. If it complex, That some.
First, determine whether the sentence in front of you is simple or complex. A simple sentence is one-part, and a complex sentence is two-part. Next, we determine the subjects in the first sentence (in the case of complex sentences) using the questions who?, What?, then select the predicate using the questions what did you do? what did you do?, what is it?. After that, we do the same procedure in the next sentence.
In a simple sentence, we highlight the subjects and the predicate only once.
Look at the given picture for more details -
Example from the head - The dog ate the meat that the owner bought. The subjects in the first sentence are Dog, the predicate is ate; the subjects in the second sentence are the hostess, the predicate bought.
First of all, you need to understand what a grammatical basis is. The grammatical basis of a sentence is its core and determines the main meaning of the sentence.
The grammatical basis of a sentence is made up of the main members of the sentence: the subject and the predicate.
Let's try to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence using a simple example:
I answer this question.
In this sentence, I am the subject and I am the predicate.
The grammatical basis of this sentence is the phrase I answer.
I see nothing has changed in this matter since I graduated from school. This makes me happy. The basis of a sentence is the subject and predicate. The most common case is that a sentence has both a subject and a predicate. The predicate is a verb, and the subject is a noun or pronoun. For example: I did my homework. The predicate did, the subject pronoun is I. There are often sentences like this: Woke up. Did my homework. As we see, they have no subject. It happens that there is no predicate, for example: Morning. First, we determine whether our sentence has a subject and a predicate, then we determine what parts of speech they are, and from them we build a connection to the rest of the words.
Finding the grammatical basis in a sentence is not difficult if you know what it is.
Subject + predicate. How many such combinations you find, so many basics will be in the sentence. There must be either one subject or one predicate.
The grammatical basis of a sentence is its important structural part. And this part essentially determines the important and entire meaning of this phrase.
And such a grammatical basis is called in linguistics as a predicative core. And such grammatical phenomena exist in many world languages.
Here are the simplest rules to help you on how to learn to highlight such a basis:
And here are some examples of how and what parts of speech can express subjects.
You must always analyze a sentence to understand its essence and semantic load. And then it will not be difficult to determine its grammatical basis.
The grammatical basis is the main part of the sentence and in almost every sentence, this basis consists of two main members of the sentence. The grammatical basis of a sentence is sometimes called the predicative core or predicative stem.
The main members of a sentence include the predicate and the subject; in some cases, a sentence may have only one main member.
In order to highlight the grammatical basis of a sentence, it is necessary to highlight the predicate and subject of the given sentence.
Everything here is as simple as in English. There is a subject in the sentence (answers the question who and what), then a predicate (what he did, what he did), a Determination (for what, for whom), and an object (this is the rest). This is how you can parse the sentence
Grammar basis offers in two-part sentences consists of subject And predicate. The video below is an explanation of the topic for those new to these concepts - for fifth graders.
This is simple, but then the difficulties begin, because the subject is often associated with a noun or personal pronoun in the nominative case, and the predicate with a verb, so any deviations from this simplified representation are puzzling.
Subject names what or what is being discussed in a sentence, and it can be expressed either in individual words or in whole phrases, see the table below:
Here important to pay attention on what is in the design
numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun
predicate agrees with the words set, part, majority, minority, and not with the noun following it, therefore it should be in singular! You can read about all complex or confusing cases of this kind here.
Definition of predicate also raises a number of difficulties. Why would one verb be simpler - a simple verbal predicate, but no, in the form of the future tense the predicate consists of two words, but at the same time remains simple! By following the simple algorithm given below, you can determine the predicate correctly:
The videos below clearly present the types of predicate and how to correctly define it:
And also this video(you need to follow the link because the video is not inserted into the answer text).
IN incomplete sentences the grammatical stem loses subjects or predicates because it is implied but not spoken. Incomplete proposals should always be considered in context, because it is from it that the grammatical basis is restored.
It is implied that it is Dimka who is walking, the meaning is restored from the previous sentence. An explanation of the features of incomplete sentences and a simple but interesting test for mastering the material can be found here.
It is necessary to distinguish from incomplete sentences one-piece. In them the grammatical basis is initially expressed either subject to(nominal sentence), or predicate(definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal, infinitive sentence). One-part sentences can often be logically changed into two-part sentences, for example:
They gave you a book
More information about one-part offers can be found here.
The grammatical basis of a sentence or predicative core consists of a subject and a predicate (in two-part sentences) or one of them (in one-part sentences).
Accordingly, in order to highlight the grammatical basis of a sentence, it is necessary to find the subject (answers the question What? / Who? and denotes the world or who we are talking about) and the predicate associated with it (usually a verb denoting the action of the subject or its characteristics).
Offer- the basic syntactic unit containing a message, question or incentive. The main structural feature of a sentence is the presence of a grammatical basis.
Grammar basis consists of the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate
in two-part sentences or one of them in one-part sentences).
Subject names what is said in the sentence, and can be expressed not only by a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case, but also by a numeral, an adjective and a participle in the nominative case as a noun: Seven(numerical) one is not expected. All the past(adj. as a noun) I was just dreaming.
The subject can also be expressed by the following constructions:
- numeral/few, many, part, majority, minority + noun
in the genitive case: A lot of people gathered in the prince’s hut; Several ladies walked quickly up and down the landing; - some, everyone, many/adjective + from+ noun in the genitive case: The best student quickly solved this problem;
- someone, something+ adjective, participle as a noun: Something so insignificant is tied in a scarf;
- noun/pronoun + With+ noun/pronoun in the instrumental case (but only if the predicate is expressed by a plural verb!): Vanya and I walked along the forest road(plural predicate). Anna entered the room with her daughter in her arms.(predicate in singular);
- an infinitive that names an action that does not occur in time: Living like a lord is a noble thing.
- any part of speech in the objective meaning (in the meaning of a noun): I'm tired of your tomorrows. There was a loud "hurray".
Predicatein Russian it is represented by three types -simple verbal predicate, compound verb and compound nominal.
Simple verb predicate
This is the simplest type of predicate - it is expressed by a verb in some mood: he plays; would you come earlier.
The following predicates also belong to simple verbs:
He will for a long time recall about the past(future complex) .
Let stars forever illuminate your long, long winter journey(imperative) .
He lost his temper (phraseologism) .
They waited, waited And didn't wait (repetition of one verb in different forms).
Spring waited, waited nature(repetition of the same verb forms).
Don't be offended, but it will still be in my opinion(repetition of one verb with a particle Not).
I'll go for a walk (a combination of different verbs in the same form) .
Plate boom on the floor ( verbal interjection, no agreement with the subject).
The boy is right there dance (infinitive).
Compound verb predicate
This predicate is built according to the scheme: auxiliary verb + infinitive.
He wants to enroll to the institute.
I'm long couldn't with them meet.
You must study.
Most often they serve as an auxiliary element phase verbs(those that indicate the action phase - start, continue, become, quit) or modal words (must, must, wants).
Compound nominal predicate
Such a predicate consists of a linking verb and a nominal part. The most common linking verb be, but you can also find other connections. The nominal part is expressed by an adjective, noun, adverb, participle, pronoun, etc.
Weather was good.
The book is true Friend.
He has character harder steel.
Grass beveled.
Evening quiet.
Error was obvious.
Twice two - four.
This notebook my.
