How to be seven in Swedish. Swedish "How are you?" and greetings and farewells

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There are several ways to say hello in Swedish. Below I will list the most important and most used methods:

• Hej!- Hello! (“ Hey"). Hey is a completely normal way to say “Hi”, and of course has nothing to do with “ Hey, come here!»:)
• Hejsan!- Hi! (“ Heisan»)
• Tjena!“Something like Russian” Hey Ya!» (“ puppy\chen»)
• Halle!– in Russian it will be read as “ Hallo!". In this way, you can answer the phone. Although it can be used as a written greeting as well as all others.

You can say goodbye Hejda (“Heido") - What means " Bye“, vises (“You ses!»), vi hors (“You hash!») – “ See you!».

And wish you all the best: ha det så bra! (“Ha de so bro!»).

Swedes love to say hello! Your Swedish colleague or classmate, seeing you more than once a day, will definitely say “hey hey” to you! Twice “hey hey” sounds more fun and perky, and saying “hey hey” 10 times a day is completely normal.

In addition to informal greetings, there are more formal ones:

• "Good morning!" - “God morgon!” - It is said as “Humorron!”
• "Good afternoon!" – “ goddag!” - It is said as “Gudda!”
• "Good evening!" - “God kvall!” - It is said as “Gukvel!”
• "Good night!" – “ God natt!” - It is said as “Gunatt!”. And if even sweeter: “Natty!”

Starting to write this article, I think that I will write only about “Hey”, as a result, I got quite a lot of greetings, and even goodbyes on

It's great that I have a rubric for the first basic phrases in foreign languages. I just need to somehow additionally fix what I learned in Swedish. So, let's start, here are the very, very simple phrases. I hope this applies to you too. We listen to voice acting, repeat after a native speaker, compose dialogues! Go!

To learn how to pronounce the following phrases correctly, as well as practice real dialogue with a native speaker or a professional Swedish teacher, order and pass trial lesson on the ITALKI website .

Perhaps the most commonly used greeting phrase in Swedish Hej! This is a universal greeting that can be said at any time of the day and to any person, regardless of age, status, degree of acquaintance.

The next phrase that is said in the morning to greet is god morgon! Very rarely use the phrase to wish a good day - God aftermiddag! . Except in a formal setting. The same can be said about the phrase with the wish of a good evening - God kvall! . It is very rare to hear her in a conversation, rather in the news on TV.

Phrase Valkommen! - means welcome. If you are addressing several people at once - Valcomna!

It would not be very polite to remain silent on this phrase in response, it is better to just say thank you - Tack. If you are in an informal setting, then instead of the words of greeting above, just say Hej! - Hello.

When you greet a person and hear the answer, you can ask how are you using the phrase Hur mår du? If everything is in order, then the answer will be Jag mar bra. . For a formal setting, a question is suitable Hur står det till? For the less formal - Hur ar det?

In response, you can say Bra, tack. - OK, thank you. Och själv då? - And how are you? Colloquial expression Laget? is an analogue of English What "s up? - What's new? What do you hear?

To get acquainted, a set of the following phrases is useful.

Jag heter... - My name is...
Vad heter du? - What is your name?
Trevligt att traffas dig. - Nice to meet you.
Detsamma. - With you too.
Varifrån kommer du? - Where are you from?
Jag kommer fran ... - I'm from...

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To thank a person or respond to gratitude, learn the phrases:

Tackar. - Thank you.
Tack for hjälpen. - Thanks for the help.
Tack så mycket. - Thank you so much.

In response to thanks, it is customary to answer varsagod . This phrase is also suitable when you, for example, give or give something to a person: "here", "please". After the words of thanks, you can add inga problem or det var inget .

To apologize if necessary, say Ursakta mig. If you stepped on someone's foot, for example, a stronger apology may be needed. Förlåt mig. - Excuse me. You can answer like this: det ar okej or ingen fara .

Expressions that might come in handy:

Jag förstar inte. - I don't understand.
Jag fattar inte. - I don't understand. (more colloquial)
Talar du ryska? - Do you speak Russian?
Det vet jag inte. - I do not know that.
Var ar … - Where is...?

The most common parting phrase in everyday speech is Hej hej! . The common phrase for saying goodbye to any person is Hej da! . Phrase Vi syns! means see you soon or see you soon.

If you are interested in learning Swedish from scratch, register SwedishPod101. There you will find a huge number of ready-made lessons from simple to complex, cultural notes and exercises to practice the passed phrases. Each lesson includes an audio dialogue, its text and a list of words with examples in a pdf file.

In which languages ​​would you like to learn basic expressions for simple conversation?

Want to read "Carlson" in the original? Then we start learning Swedish.
The Swedish language is called in Swedish svenska. It is the most spoken language in Scandinavia with over nine million speakers, the official language of Sweden and one of the official languages ​​of Finland. He had a noticeable influence on the Norwegian language.

Uses the standard Latin alphabet with the addition of three letters: Åå [O], Ää [e] and Öö (the sound is similar to Russian yo after consonants). Swedish is easy to learn from these letters, as, for example, Norwegian is easy to learn from letters Æ And Ø . There are some features in reading letters and letter combinations, for example, rs reads like [w], kj(And k before e, i, y, e, o) as [h], sj, skj, stj like [w], g before j, ä or ö ) as [th], tj like [h], o in an open or often closed syllable like [y], u either as [y], then as a sound close to [s]; some consonants ( g, d) at the end of the word is almost unreadable. Letter c before e, i, y it is read as [s], in other cases as [k]; ck reads like [to]; j like [th]; (s)sion And tion in the suffix they are pronounced as [shun]; sk before stressed vowels e, i, y, ä, ö- [w], in other positions - [sk].

Everyday phrases in Swedish
Hello! Hej![hey!]
Good morning! god morgon![gu moron!]
Good afternoon goddag![gu yes:!]
Good evening! God kvall![gu quel!]
Welcome! Valkommen! (Valkomna!)[v:lcomman! (ve:lkomna!)]
How are you? Hur står det till?; Hur mår du?
Bye! Hej da![hey do:!]
Goodbye! Adjo! På återseende![aye:! by: o:terseende!]
All the best! Ha det så bra![ha: de:t co: bra:!]
Thank you Tack[So]
Please Varsagod[wa:shogu:]
Thank you very much Tack så mycket; Stort-tack[so co: muket; stu:rt so]
Yes thank you Ja, tack[I just]
Fine Bra[bra:]
No thanks Nej, tack[nay, so]
Sorry Ursakta mig[w: shekta mei]
Sorry Förlät[felo:t]

Grammar Basics
In Swedish, nouns have an article, but it is used as a suffix (as in Romanian or Bulgarian): dag (day) + en = dagen, hus (house) + et = huset. According to the way the plural is formed and the addition of the article, nouns are divided into 6 groups:
Main form: skol-a (school), arm (hand), tjej (girl, girl), bi (bee), bord (table), ko (cow);
specific form: skol-a-n, arm-en, tjej-en, bi-(e)t, bord-et, ko-n;
plural: skol-or, arm-ar, tjej-er, bi-n, bord, ko-r;
plural number of a certain form: skol-or-na, arm-ar-na, tjej-er-na, bi-n-a, bord-en, ko-r-na.

Since there are no cases in Swedish, the meanings of cases are expressed by prepositions, for example:
- till (hon är mor till fyra barn"She is the mother of four children" resa till landet"to go to the village", översatta till svenska"Translate to Swedish language», till dess"until", till exempl"For example"),
- av (bordet ar av bjork"table - made of birch", av en slump"by chance")
- for (köpa godis for fem kronor"buy sweets for five crowns"),
- i (sitta i soffan"sit on the couch" eka i bilen"ride in the car" bo i Sverige"live in Sweden")
- fren (sångerskan kommer fran USA"singer (originally) from the USA", en vas från 1500-talet"vase of the 16th century"),
- pe (på natten"at night", på besök"away", boken ligger på bordet"the book is on the table", vad heter det på svenska?"What is it called in Swedish?", vara pa modet"be in fashion").

If a noun with a definite article has a definition, then another type of article is used in front of them - this is an unstressed "free-standing article", it is also known as the "prepositional article". It has the following forms: den(singular common genus), det(singular h. cf. gender), de(read dom) (pl.), for example:
den långa dagen- long day det långa bordet- long table de långa dagarna/borden- long days/tables.

An adjective defining a noun with indefinite article general gender, gets a null ending, for example: en rod bil- "Red car", en vacker flicka - « beautiful girl”, The adjective that defines a neuter noun receives the ending -t, For example: ett vacert hus- "beautiful house". An adjective defining a noun in plural, gets ending -a, For example dyra bilar- expensive cars.
In a construction with a noun with definite article adjective gets ending -a regardless of the gender and number of the noun being defined, for example: den dyra bilen- this expensive car det vata golvet- "that wet floor", de dyra bilarna- "those expensive cars." However, sometimes the ending -e to refer to one male person: den unge mannen- "young man".

The verb does not conjugate for persons and numbers, there are a lot of incorrectly formed forms: for example, the common form of the present tense is from vara"to be" sounds like ar. In addition to synthetic forms (formed by endings), there are analytical ones, for example, the past tense perfect, consisting of the verb "to have" and supine (nominal form in -t): Jag har varit i Finland - "I was in Finland."

Basic forms of the verb
1. infinitive:
att kalla (call), att hänga (hang, hang, hang), att läsa (read, study, study), att tro (believe), att finna (find, cf. finnas "to be");
2. present:
kallar, hanger, läser, tror, ​​finner;
3. present passive voice:
kallas, hängs, läses, tros, finns;
4. preterite (simple past):
kallade, hängde, läste, trodde, fann;
5. preterite in passive:
kallades, hängdes, lästes, troddes, fanns;
6. subjunctive mood preterite:
kallade, hängde, läste, trodde, funne;
7. subjunctive preterite in passive:
kallades, hängdes, lästes, troddes, funnes;
8. supin:
kallat, hängt, läst, trott, funnit;
9. passive participle:
kallad, hängd, läst, trodd, funnen;
10. imperative mood:
kalla, häng, läs, tro, finn.

In addition to the synthetic passive on -s there is also analytic with an auxiliary verb bli.

Personal pronouns
I Jag[I:]
You Du[du:]
He Han[khan]
She Hon[hung]
It Den; Det[Dan; de:t]
We Vi[in and:]
You Ni[neither:]
They De[house]

Numerals
0 noll
1 en, ett
2 tv
3 tre
4 fyra [fy:ra]
5 fem
6 sex
7 sju
8 ita
9 nio [ni:y]
10 tio [ti: u]
11 elva
12 tolv
13 tretton
14 fjorton
15 femton
16 sexton
17 sjutton
18 arton
19 nitton
20 tjugo [shu:gu]
21 tjugoett
30 trettio [treti]
31 trettioett
40 fyrtio [fyrty]
50 femtio [femti]
60 sextio
70 sjutio [shy]
80 attio
90 nitty
100 hundra
200 tvåhundra
1000 tusen
2000 tvåtusen
1000000 million
half halv
third en tredjedel

Useful Resources
Russian-Swedish and Swedish-Russian online dictionary of about 90,000 words.

Language of Sweden

What is the language in Sweden?

The answer to this question is not easy. To date official language Sweden is considered native to 90% of the country's citizens. In some regions they speak dialects.

At the same time, the official language of Sweden is Swedish, adopted for use in the media and official documents. Dialects include Elvdalian, Jämtlandian, Gutnish and Scanian.

Elvdalian is widespread in Dalarna, especially many people who do not use the common language of Sweden in communication with each other live in the commune of Olvdalen. The Gutnish dialect is common in the areas of Gotland and Fore.

The Jämtland dialect is characteristic of the province of Jämtland with the same name, where about 30,000 people do not use the common language of Sweden in communication. Finally, the Scanian dialect is most widespread in the region of Skåne. Today, however, it is increasingly influenced by the official language in Sweden.

The schools teach English, German and French. The modern Swedish alphabet consists of 29 Latin letters.

In the last decade, everything more people from all over the world from all foreign languages choose to study Swedish. There can be many reasons: someone was imbued with the Scandinavian culture, and decided that learning Swedish was an important step. Someone has relatives, and knowledge of the language has acquired the status of “mandatory”. There can be many reasons. But in this article I would like to talk about gratitude. Thanks in Swedish!

Every time, receiving some kind of service, someone's courtesy, etc., I want to answer “Thank you” to this. How do the Swedes do it?

The most common "thank you" is the word " tack!”, which in Swedish sounds like “ so”, with a soft “K” at the end. You can also say “I thank you”, using the verb “att tacka”, which in the present tense will be “ Tackar". In Swedish it is pronounced something close to: “ takyar", but not "Takar"! See transcription [²t'ak:ar].

If you are asking for something and would like to thank you in advance, you can use this phrase: “ Tack på förhand" - "Thanks in advance!". Which is pronounced something like: Tak po furhand».

An expression of great gratitude can be used by everyone known: “ Tack så mycket!", which sounds something like: " So with myukke!". , thanks to its melodiousness, makes every thank you sound sweet and positive, so you should not say these phrases in a harsh tone. Practice! I recommend using online dictionary Forvo, which I described in the article: experience.

I want to note that intonation and correct pronunciation in Swedish words is a matter of training and your abilities. I try to WRITE the pronunciation as correctly as possible, but writing and saying are two different things. However, all examples are real, and the Swede will definitely understand you.

Other thanks with affiliation to something specific:

• Tack ska du ha!- periodically used. You can hear from friends and strangers.
• Tack for hjälpen!- Thanks for the help!
• Tack for maten! Thanks after the meal.
• Tack for tacket!- "Thanks for "thanks" :)

For dessert

Every year, all Swedes celebrate the holiday of buns called "semlur", treating each other with them. Of course, for the treat you need to say thank you in Swedish, i.e. "tack". And there really is something to be thankful for, because these buns are amazingly delicious, baked from high-quality white flour and stuffed with white cream and almond mass. Such a treat will not leave anyone indifferent!