Find and circle the words that are opposite in meaning to words 1-5. Write them down. wereut ik vshortno eerdgita bffeytez dedrghrk tsvroieo xdsvonsd happystk smallaih fhtgbnnj jnbhfggh 1 tall- short 1 tall- short 2 big- 2 big- 3 fat- 3 fat- 4 sad- 4 sad- 5 boring- 5 boring- small thin happy interesting
Rules for forming the comparative degree of adjectives: If the adjective consists of 1 syllable, then we add + er long-longer small-smaller If the adjective consists of 1 syllable and ends in –e, then we add + er, while the final –e is omitted nice-nicer If the adjective consists of 2 syllables and ends in –y, then we add + er and –y changes to –i- happy-happier funny-funnier If the adjective consists of 1 syllable and ends in one consonant, preceded by one vowel, then we add + er and the final consonant is doubled big-bigger fat-fatter
It should look like this: clean - cleaner clean - cleaner cold - colder cold - colder fat - fatter fat - fatter curly - curlier curly - curlier funny - funnier funny - funnier happy - happier happy - happier hot - hotter hot - hotter hungry - hungrier hungry - hungrier nice - nicer nice - nicer short - shorter short - shorter thin - thinner thin - thinner wet - wetter wet - wetter dirty - dirtier dirty - dirtier sad - sadder sad - sadder
When comparing the degree of quality of one object with the degree of quality of another, the conjunction is used: than (than) The blue ball is smaller than the green ball. When comparing the degree of quality of one object with the degree of quality of another, the conjunction is used: than (than) The blue ball is smaller than the green ball.
For adjectives consisting of 3 or more syllables, add the comparative degree more to the superlative degree the most. beautiful –more beautiful-the most beautiful To adjectives consisting of 3 or more syllables, add the comparative degree more superlative the most. beautiful –more beautiful-the most beautiful
Clean- the cleanest clean- the cleanest cold – the coldest cold – the coldest fat- the fattest fat- the fattest curly- the curliest curly- the curliest funny- the funniest funny- the funniest happy- the happiest happy- the happiest hot- the hottest hot- the hottest hungry- the hungriest hungry- the hungriest nice- the nicest nice- the nicest short - the shortest short - the shortest thin- the thinnest thin- the thinnest wet- the wettest wet- the wettest dirty- the dirtiest dirty- the dirtiest sad- the saddest sad- the saddest It should look like this:
Circle the correct option: 0 Angela is taller/ the tallest girl in the class. 1 August is hotter/the hottest month of the year. 2 May is hotter/the hottest than the March. 3 Everest is higher/the highest mountain in the world. 4 My dog is smaller/the smallest than your dog. 5 Summer is warmer/the warmest than spring.
Open the brackets to form comparative or superlative adjectives: These are my friends. David is ten years old. David is ten years old. Hes 1 the oldest boy of all my friends, but hes not 2……. (tall) of all. 3…… (tall) boy of all is Jack. Jack is nine. 3…… (tall) boy of all is Jack. Jack is nine. David is 4……(short) than Jack, but he is 5……(tall) than Mike. Mike is 6…… (short) of all my friends. Mike is small, but hes 7 ……(clever) of all the boys. Jack David Mike
Weather
cold - cold
cloudy – cloudy
hot – hot, hot
rain - rain
rainy - rainy
snow – snow
snowy – snowy
sunny – sunny
warm – warm
windy - windy
dive – dive
toboggan - to ride on a sleigh
next week - next week
next year - next year
tomorrow - tomorrow
armchair – armchair
bathroom - bathroom
bed – bed
bedroom - bedroom
carpet - carpet
chair – chair desk – desk
door - door
fireplace - fireplace
flat – apartment
floor - floor
hall – hall, hall
kitchen - kitchen
lamp - lamp
living room
pantry - pantry
picture – picture shelf – shelf
sofa – sofa
table - table
toilet – toilet
wall – wall
wardrobe - wardrobe, closet
window – window
interesting – interesting
large - big
own - own
sometimes - sometimes
go shopping - go shopping
share - share
Prepositions of place
above - above
between - between
in the right / left corner – in the right / left corner
in the middle of - in the middle
next to – nearby on – on
under – under
The place where we live
apple tree - apple tree
bridge - bridge
capital – capital
country – country, rural area
camel – camel
cow - cow
dolphin - dolphin
eagle - eagle
sheep - sheep
whale - whale
horse - horse
field – field
garden - garden
hill - hill
mountain - mountain
desert – desert
ocean - ocean
river – river
road - road
sea – sea
in the country - outside the city
become – become
useful - useful
yesterday - yesterday
a day ago - a day ago
a week ago - a week ago
last year - last year
last week - last week
In the family
family - family
grandson - grandson
photo – photograph
phone – call; telephone
food – food, food
cook – to cook
buy – buy
do homework - make a house. exercise
lay the table - lay the table
make the bed - make the bed
repair the bike - repair a bike
take photos (of) – take photographs
take the pet for a walk - walk the pet
do the washing up - wash the dishes
be polite - to be polite
Go shopping
bag – bag, briefcase
blouse - blouse boots - boots
bottle - bottle
clothes - clothes
coat – coat, fur coat
dress - dress
jacket – jacket, jacket
jeans - jeans
mittens - mittens
piece (of cake) – piece (of cake)
raincoat - raincoat
scarf - scarf
shoes - shoes
suit - suit
sweater – sweater
trainers - sneakers
T-shirt
shirt - shirt
umbrella - umbrella
any – some quantity, any
some – several, a certain amount
have on – have on
suit - to suit (about clothes)
School
break – to break; change
board – board (in the classroom)
mark – assessment
dictionary - dictionary
classmate - classmate
classroom - classroom
paints - paints
colored pencils - colored pencils
Maths - mathematics
PE – physical education
Music - music
Reading - reading
Russian – Russian language
English – English language
learn by heart - learn by heart
translate from ... into ... - translate from ... to ...
get along with – get along with
get a good mark - get good marks
during - during
this / these – this / these
that / those – that, that / those
What's the weather like today?
Today is hot and sunny.
What’s the weather like in winter?
It's cold and snowy.
Which is your favorite season?
I think autumn.
Because I like apples very much.
On the phone.
Hello! This is John Wilson speaking.
Can I speak to Mr. Black.
I'm sorry, Mr. Wilson. He isn't in.
Mr. Wilson, can you phone back
Of course, I can. Thank you. Bye.
In the shop.
Excuse me, can you show me the trousers?
How much are they?
I'd like to buy them.
Show me the jacket, please.
Great! It's nice and warm.
Good, anything else?
No, thank you. That's all.
Could you give me the pen, please?
Yes. Here you are.
Our room.
My name is…. I haven't got my own room. I share it with my brother. It is nice and large. There are desks next to the window. There is a computer on my desk. There are beds in the left cor ner. There is a big warm carpet on the floor.
I like our room very much.
My country.
My name is…. I am from Russia. It is a large country. There are many cities, towns and farms in Russia. The capital of Russia is Moscow. It's a big city. There are a lot of people, cars and big houses in Moscow. In the country you can see green fields and hills, long rivers and nice green gardens. Our country is beautiful.
I have a friend. His name is…. . He goes to school every day. He has different subjects: Maths, Russian, Art, PE, Music. His favorite subject is English. In the lesson he likes to speak English, sing songs, translate from English into Russian. Some-times he learns poems by heart. On Thursday he has PE. He likes to play football and basketball.
Future Simple.
I will swim tomorrow.
I will not (won’t) swim tomorrow.
Will do you swim tomorrow?
Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
What will do you do tomorrow?
There is / There are
There is a bed in my flat.
There is n't a bed in my flat.
Is there a bed in my flat?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
There are two pictures in the house.
There are n't any pictures in the house.
Are there any pictures in the house?
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Degrees of comparison of adjectives
cold –cold er- the cold est
hot – hot ter- the hot test
happy – happy ier- the happiness iest
beautiful – more beautiful –
the most beautiful
good – better – the best
bad – worse – the worst
many/much – more – the most
little – less – the least
Past Simple
live (live) – liv ed(lived)
watch (watch) – watch ed(watched)want (want) – want ed(wanted)
go – went; have – had; do – did; say – said; fly - flew; give – gave; sit – sat; see – saw; take – took; can – could; make – made; come - came; write – wrote; put – put; run - ran.
I went to the shop yesterday.
I didn't go to the shop yesterday.
Did you go to the shop yesterday?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t (didn’t).
I am – I was (was)
You are – You were (were)
He/she/it is – He/she/it was (was)
We are – We were (were)
You are – You were (were)
They are – They were (were)
| | | next lecture ==> | |
An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a characteristic of an object: red (red), interesting (interesting). Adjectives in English do not change either by gender, or by number, or by case. They have degrees of comparison.
Qualitative adjectives have the following degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative.
One-syllable adjectives and some two-syllable adjectives ending in -er, -QW. -у, -le form comparative and superlative degrees using the suffixes -er, -est.
Many adverbs also have degrees of comparison:
Please note the following spelling rules:
Most disyllabic and polysyllabic adjectives form the comparative degree with the word more, and the superlative degree with the word most.
Some adjectives and adverbs do not form degrees of comparison according to the rule.
Some adjectives have two comparative and superlative forms, which differ in meaning.
To express the lesser and lowest degree of quality of an object, the words less (less) and least (least) are used, which are placed before the adjective in a positive degree: pleasant - pleasant, less pleasant - less pleasant, least pleasant least pleasant.
The comparative degree can also be expressed using the...the - with what, by that.
For example: the sooner, the better - the sooner, the better.
The conjunction than - than is often omitted when translated into Russian.
Two heads are better than one. - Two heads are better than one (than one).
To strengthen the comparative degree, the words much, far, by far, a lot are used before adjectives - significantly, much, much.
The buildings in Chicago are a lot higher than in Washington. The buildings in Chicago are much (much, much) taller than those in Washington DC.
a little, a bit, a little bit + comparative adjective means a little, a little bit.
This text is a bit more difficult than that one. - This text is a little more complicated than that one.
To compare two objects of the same quality, an adjective in the positive degree is placed between as...as with the meaning the same as, just...as, as good as - as good as.
Exercise 1. Form degrees of comparison for the following adjectives:
a) long, thin, hot, fine, easy, healthy, neat, fast, lively, friendly;
b) talented, sympathetic, famous, active, interesting, difficult;
c) good, bad, far, much, well, badly.
Exercise 2. Give the initial form of the following adjectives and translate the pairs of words into Russian:
healthier, simpler, the heaviest, bigger, busier, the palest, funnier, the worst, better, the farthest, less, fetter, higher, braver, the best, worse.
Exercise 3. Read and translate the following phrases and sentences into Russian
a) a better flat, the most comfortable furniture (furniture), the most handsome husband, younger brother, the worst weather (weather), the oldest house, to read better"
b) 1. It is difficult to say which month is the best or better. 2. In summer the days are longer than nights. 3. The longest day of the year is the 21st of June. 4. This article is the most difficult for me. 5. It is more difficult for me to read books in English than in Russian.
6. This is the best topic for your report. 7. Our street is the longest in our town. 8. This lecture-hall is the biggest in our Institute. 9. This article is the most interesting in the magazine. 10. Nick is the worst sportsman in our group. 11. He spends less time on English than other students. 12. English is easier than some other foreign languages.
Exercise 4. Imagine that you like to brag. Describe the advantages of your property or your friends. Sample. My dog is friendly. Not friendlier than yours.
a) carpet; softer;
b) girlfriend; prettier and smarter;
c) apartment (flat); bigger and more convenient;
d) car; faster (feat), more expensive (expensive);
e) boss; more pleasant (pleasant) and calmer (quiet).
Exercise 5. Argue. Use disagreement formulas.
I disagree. - I don't agree.
I don't think so. - I don't think so.
Example: My sofa isn’t as comfortable as yours. I disagree. Yours is much more comfortable.
Continue:
a) apartment; not so comfortable;
b) hair; not so long;
c) neighbors; not so kind (friendly);
d) pie; not so tasty (delicious);
e) children; not so capable (capable).
Exercise 6. Argue with the seller. He praises the product. You are saying the exact opposite.
This is the cheapest vacuum-cleaner in the world.
No! This is the most expensive Vacuum-cleaner in the world. Continue:
Refrigerator, quiet - noisy (noisy);
Kitchen sink: comfortable - uncomfortable;
Shoes: nice - ugly (ugly);
Cassette player, good - bad;
Furniture (furniture): cheap - expensive.
Exercise 7. Compare your hometown and another according to this plan:
a) my town: big, safe (safe), expensive (cheap);
b) people in my town: friendly, happy, healthy (healthy), rich (poor), lazy;
c) weather cold, warm, rainy, snowy (snowy), nice;
d) houses: high, modern, attractive (attractive);
e) streets: noisy, quiet, clean, dirty, busy.
Exercise 8. Translate into Russian.
1. Go by car, it’s much cheaper.
2. Don’t go by train (by train). It's much more expensive.
3. The warmer the weather, the better I feel.
4. The more you have, the more you want.
5. It is a little warmer today than it was yesterday.
6. The more you practice your English, the better for you.
7. The longer the telephone call, the more you pay for it.
8. It is more and more difficult to find a job.
9. You are taller than I am.
10. Eat as much as you like.
11. It is difficult to say which month is the best or better.
12. My home town is the most beautiful in the World.
13. Your friend’s room is as nice as yours.
14. He has much more free time than I have.
15. Any further discussion is useless.
Exercise 9. Open the brackets by correctly using the degrees of comparison of adjectives or adverbs.
1. The examination was not as (easy) as we expected.
2. Which language is it (difficult) to learn - English or Chinese?
3. This is the (short) way (road).
4. Which of you is (old) - you or your sister?
5. She lives the (far) of all.
6. The (much) you read the (good) you understand the text.
7. I like this novel (much) of all.
8. My office is (near) than Helen’s.
9. She is much (young) than her husband.
10. We listen to (late) news over the radio.
11. Your dress is (fashionable) of all.
12. My grandfather is two years (old) than my grandmother.
13. Where is (near) bus stop?
14. Spring here is as (pleasant) as summer.
15. My friend is not as (smart) as I am.
16. Whose translation is (good)?
17. This box is (heavy) of all.
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English
1. My brother is taller than my father.
2. Are you older or younger than your brother?
3. Our street is quieter than yours.
4. English is no more difficult than German.
6. The weather in November is the rainiest.
7. The more you study, the more you know.
8. He is a little fatter than his brother.
9. This film is not as interesting as the novel.
10. This text is a little more complicated.
11. The Volga is much longer than the Danube.
12. Oleg is the smartest in the class.
13. Buildings in Moscow are much higher than in Ussuriysk.
14. He was the very last in the distance.
15. My friend is prettier and smarter than yours.
Exercise 11. Answer the questions in the questionnaire. Start answering using formulas to express your own opinion.
1. Who is the best singer in your country?
2. Who is the most popular TV star?
3. Who is the most important person in your country?
4. What is the best city in your country?
5. What is the worst month in your town?
6. What is the most interesting tourist sight in your town?
7. What is the most expensive shop in your town?
8. What is the most popular sport/newspaper in your country/town?
9. What is the most popular TV program/radio program in your family?
10. Who is the friendliest person in your family?
Read, girl, interesting, cold, go, boy, sad, map, wall, nice, write, give, old, table, messy.
2. Clap your hands when you hear adjectives.
Sing, rich, animal, beautiful, hot, cat, gray, book, look, tall, short, build, do, long, warm.
3. Read the following adjectives and translate them into Russian.
Adjectives are written on the cards in English. The teacher shows the card, the children say the word in chorus, and then translate it one by one.
4. "A Magic Box".
There is a beautiful box on the table, and in it are children's drawings or pictures depicting adjectives. Children take turns going to the "Magic Box", taking out the drawings and saying the corresponding adjective. There is great interest in the game, as they see their own creativity.
5. "A Magic Box".
Mime a word from your "Magic Box". Guess this word.
Students take turns going to the Magic Box and taking out cards with written adjectives. Then they depict these adjectives using facial expressions. Children must guess and name the adjective.
Hungry, cold, tired, thirsty, sad, happy, short, tall, fat, thin.
6. Write suitable adjectives for the nouns.
Ears (nice, big, little, strange).
Eyes (big, black, little, green, blue, nice).
7. Put the adjectives into the correct columns. You can find some extra words.
Blue handsome long short free black tall brown beautiful cloudy big thin
8. "Be attentive!"
Students complete the task individually. Each one has a piece of paper with a photograph or drawing of a person or animal. Adjectives are written in a column. You must put + where the adjective corresponds to the picture.
9. Choose adjectives that correspond to the seasons.
Winter hot windy Spring cold sunny Summer rainy stormy Autumn cloudy rainy
10. Read and translate the following text.
Here's the forecast for the next twenty-four hours:
1. The night will be cloudy but dry.
2. Tomorrow morning there will be rain with strong winds.
3. If you are lucky, you will get some sunshine in the east.
4. And the outlook: it will be warmer and sunny.
11. Complete the drawings.
A person or just a face is drawn on the board (certain parts of the face may not be completed). Using colored crayons, children color one by one or complete the drawing. The teacher gives sentences in English.
For example: His eyes are green. His hair isn't short. He has a big nose.
12. Match (name) the opposites of the adjectives.
| thick | busy |
| round | thin |
| large | wide |
| short | fast |
| light | bad |
| big | square |
| black | small |
| beautiful | heavy |
| good | little |
| old | long |
| happy | white |
| dry | ugly |
| cheap | sad |
| thin | wet |
| interesting | expensive |
| cold | new |
| easy | fat |
| slow | boring |
| narrow | warm |
| free | difficult |
13. Find adjectives.
15. "How do you find my ...?"
Children show a drawing or some thing and ask the question “How do you find...?” The answers might be:
| Good | Bad |
| It's very delicious! | It's terrible! |
| It's very nice! | It's really bad! |
| It's fantastic! | It's not very good! |
| It's great! | It's awful! |
| It's very good! | It's not very nice! |
16. "I wish you to be..."
In this game, children only say good adjectives to each other. Either the children take turns saying words to each other, or pass an object to each other and at the same time pronounce adjectives. This could be homework. Children enjoy looking up the words they need in the dictionary.
I wish you to be... (good, happy, healthy, kind, clever, helpful, brave, honest, sociable, tolerant, generous).
17. "You are so..."
Every class has its own “pranksters”. We will try to use adjectives to make them kinder and friendlier. A student comes to the board, and his comrades come up to him one by one, touch him and say:
You are so... (easy-going, disciplined, calm, good-natured, really friendly...)
SUNFLOWERS
Sunflower Group 1
Sunflower Group 2
Group 1: We are sunflowers.
Group 2: We look like the sun.
Group 1: We grow in a field.
Group 2: We have lots of fun.
Group 1: We are taller than grass.
Group 2: We are shorter than trees.
Group 1: We have many friends.
Group 2: Our best friends are bees.
Group 1: They visit a lot.
Group 2: And then they go home.
Group 1: Even though they leave,
Group 2: We are not alone.
Group 1: We have each other as you can see.
Group 2: We are a happy flower family
By Carol Pugliano-Vartin
19. NEIGHBORS
| Mercury | Mars |
| Uranus | Venus |
| Jupiter | Neptune |
| Earth | Saturn |
| Pluto |
The Sun: I am the Sun.
The Planets: We are the Planets.
The Sun: I am the Sun.
The Sun: I am the Sun.
I am the b rightest star in the sky!
All of the planets move around me.
Mercury: I am Mercury.
I live the closest to the sun.
The sun keeps me very warm.
Venus: I am Venus.
People call me the "Evening Star" because I look so bright!
Earth: Well, you may be bright, but
I am Earth, the only planet full of life.
Mars: May be so, but you are not
bright red like me! I am Mars!
Jupiter: Make way for me, mighty Jupiter.
I am the biggest planet of them all!
Saturn: I am Saturn, the most beautiful
jewel in the solar system!
Look at all my rings!
Uranus: I am Uranus. I spin sides.
That makes me different and special.
Neptune: I am Neptune. I am never alone.
I have mine little friend Pluto right
beside me all the time!
Pluto: I may be the smallest planet,
but I am also the coldest!
I am Pluto. Brrrrrrr!
The Planets: We are the Planets.
The Sun: I am the Sun,
The Planets: We are the Planets.
The Sun: I am the Sun.
All: We are neighbors in space!
From 25 Just-Right Plays for Emergent Readers
Read and learn these poems.
1.Honey is sweeter than sugar 2. Go to the East or go to the West- Coffee is stronger than tea Your home is always the best! Juice is better than water, You can't be smarter than me.
3. My paws are very big and strong. 4. I am big and very strong My tail is very long. And my trunk is very long! My mane is fine and thick, 5. A bee is always busy. And I am very big. Its life is not so easy.
6. Spring is green, 7. It's very cold Summer is bright, With snow and ice, Autumn is yellow, But we are very happy, Winter is bright. Winter is nice.
8. The sun is yellow, 9.Ice is cold but fire is not. The sky is blue. A circle is round but a square is not. Now it's summer, A kitten is weak but a horse is strong. And the holidays too! A day is short but a year is long.
10. There are eight monkeys at the zoo: The fifth monkey is mad The first monkey is mind, The sixth monkey is sad The second monkey is wild The seventh monkey is cold, The third monkey is small, The eighth monkey is old. The fourth monkey is tall,
11. Dear Mr. Peep, Your hair is fair, Your knowledge is deep, Your money is there Your advice is wise, Your watch is wrong, Your news is nice. Your will is strong.
12. I am a soldier I'm an old man But together S trace and strong. Rather bent, We can go See the way Can you see Much more easily I march along. The way I went? fast or slow.
(From "First of September")
13. A hare is kind, 14. I am a cat. A tiger is wild, I am very fat. A mouse is small, When I am hungry, A giraffe is tall. I am very sad.
I have found from my own experience that students will learn many more adjectives through poetry and skits. In addition, lessons will be more effective if the teacher provides interesting and accessible material.
As in the Russian language, English adjectives talk about the characteristics of an object or phenomenon (or qualities of a person).
In a nutshell, an adjective is a word that explains a noun. Adjectives describe the size, shape, age, color, origin, or material from which an item is made.
|
It's a big table. |
— | This big table. (size) |
|
It's a round table. |
— | This round table. (form) |
|
It's an old table. |
— | This old table. (age) |
|
It's a brown table. |
— | This brown table. (color) |
|
It's an English table. |
— | This English table. (origin) |
|
It's a wooden table. |
— | This wooden table. (material) |
|
It's a lovely table. |
— | This Beautiful table. (opinion) |
|
It's a broken table. |
— | This broken table. (observation) |
|
It's a coffee table. |
— | This coffee table (purpose) |
In case purpose Usually a word from another part of speech acts as an adjective:
How to recognize an adjective?
Often English adjectives end in one of the following suffixes:
Able/-ible - adorable ( charming), invisible ( invisible), responsible ( responsible), uncomfortable ( inconvenient)
Al - educational ( educational), (gradual gradual), illegal ( illegal), nocturnal ( night), viral ( viral)
An - American ( American), Mexican ( Mexican), urban ( urban)
Ar—cellular ( cellular), popular ( popular), spectacular ( spectacular), vulgar ( vulgar)
Ent - intelligent ( smart), potent ( effective), silent ( silent), violent ( cruel)
Full - harmful ( harmful), powerful ( powerful), ( grateful grateful), thoughtful ( thoughtful)
Ic/-ical - athletic ( athletic), energetic ( vigorous), magical ( magic), scientific ( scientific)
Ine - canine ( canine), equine ( horse), feminine ( feminine), masculine ( courageous)
Ile - agile ( mobile), fragile ( fragile), docile ( obedient), fertile ( fertile)
Ive - informative ( informative), native ( native), talkative ( talkative)
Less - careless ( careless), endless ( endless), homeless ( homeless), timeless ( eternal)
Ous - cautious ( careful), dangerous ( dangerous), enormous ( huge), precious ( valuable)
Some - awesome ( amazing), handsome ( Beautiful), lonesome( lonely), wholesome ( useful)
Remember, however, that in English everything is not so simple! Many adjectives end in - y, -ary And - ate- but many nouns and adverbs also end in - y, many nouns end in - ary, and many nouns and verbs end in - ate. Be careful!
Where should I put the adjective?
An adjective can come before a noun. Then this is the definition.
An adjective can come after a verb to be. Then this is part of the predicate.
Adjectives can come after the following verbs: appear (appear), become (become), feel (feel), get (receive), go (go), keep (store), turn (turn, become).
Are there adjectives without nouns?
Yes, an adjective can stand without a noun: in this case, the adjective denotes a community of people, objects or phenomena united by one characteristic. For example:
- the rich = rich people(means all rich people)
- the young = young people(we are talking about young people)
And don't forget to use before the adjective in this case!
Here is an example from the fairy tale “Cinderella”:
- “The good must be put in the dish, the bad you may eat if you wish.” (“Put the good stuff in the dish, you can eat the bad stuff if you want.”)
Another example, this time about the Scots:
- The Scottish live in the North of the United Kingdom. (The Scots live in northern part of the United Kingdom.)
Can two or more adjectives stand next to each other?
Yes. Several adjectives can be placed before a noun:
- a fat old cat ( fat old cat)
or after a verb (for example to be) - in this case, the conjunction “ is placed between the last two adjectives and”:
- It was cold, wet and windy. - Was cold, damp And windy.
Adjectives ending in - ing And - ed
These are participles that act as adjectives.
1. Adjective before a noun:
2. Adjective after verb:
Grammatical constructions for comparing adjectives
There are three degrees of comparison for adjectives:
positive ( positive);
· comparative ( comparative);
· excellent ( superlative).
1. Comparison ( -er/-est)
clean → cleaner → (the) cleanest(clean → purer → purest)
Used with the following adjectives:
1.1. One-syllable adjectives
1.2. Adjectives of two syllables with definite endings
1.2.1. Two-syllable adjectives ending in - y
1.2.2. Adjectives of two syllables ending in -er
1.2.3. Adjectives of two syllables ending in -le
1.2.4. Adjectives of two syllables ending in -ow
1.3. Spelling adjectives ending in -er/-est
|
Positive degree |
Comparative degree |
Superlative |
Comment |
|
large (large) |
larger (more) |
largest (largest) |
Unpronounceable -e falls. |
|
big |
bigger (more) |
biggest (biggest) |
The consonant after a short vowel is doubled. |
|
sad (sad) |
sadder (sadder) |
saddest (saddest) |
|
|
dirty (dirty) |
dirtier (dirtier) |
dirtiest (dirtiest) |
-y changes to -i |
|
shy (modest) |
shyer (more modest) |
shyest (most modest) |
-y does not change to -i. |
2. Comparison with more - most
Used with all adjectives of more than one syllable (except some adjectives of two syllables - see 1.2).
3. Irregular adjectives
|
Positive degree |
Comparative degree |
Superlative |
Comment |
|
good (good) |
better (better) |
best (best) |
|
|
bad (bad) |
worse (worse) |
worst (worst) |
|
|
much (a lot) |
more (more) |
most (most) |
uncountable nouns |
|
many (many) |
more (more) |
most (most) |
countable nouns |
|
little (little) |
less (less) |
least (least of all) |
|
|
little (small) |
smaller (less) |
smallest (smallest) |
4. Special cases
Some adjectives have two forms of comparison ( -er/est And more/most).
|
Positive degree |
Comparative degree |
Superlative |
|
clever (smart) |
cleverer / cleverer (smarter) |
cleverest/most clever |
|
common |
common / more common |
commonest / most common (most common) |
|
likely |
likelier / more likely (more likely) |
likeliest / most likely |
|
pleasant (pleasant) |
pleasanter / more pleasant (more pleasant) |
pleasantest / most pleasant (most pleasant) |
|
polite (polite) |
politer / more polite |
politest / most polite |
|
quiet |
quieter / more quiet (quieter) |
quietest/most quiet |
|
simple |
simpler / more simple (simpler) |
simplest / most simple |
|
stupid (stupid) |
stupider / more stupid (stupider) |
stupidest / most stupid |
|
subtle (thin) |
subtler / more subtle (subtler) |
subtlest / most subtle |
|
sure (confident) |
surer / more sure (more confident) |
surest / most sure |
5. Adjectives with different meanings
|
Positive degree |
Comparative degree |
Superlative |
Comment |
|
far (far) |
farthest |
distance |
|
|
furthest |
distance or time |
||
|
late |
later (later) |
latest |
|
|
the latter |
|||
|
last (last) |
|||
|
old (old) |
older (older; older) |
oldest (eldest; oldest) |
people and things |
|
elder (older) |
eldest (senior) |
people (family) |
|
|
near (close) |
nearer (closer) |
nearest (nearest) |
distance |
|
next |
In what order should the adjectives be placed?
When several adjectives appear in a row, they must appear in a certain order. Native speakers place them correctly on a whim; those who have just started studying need to remember this order.
The order is:
- determiner ( determiner): article ( a, an, the), ordinal or cardinal number, possessive pronoun ( my, his, her, its, your, our, their) or demonstrative pronoun ( this, that, these, those)
- observation/opinion: beautiful(Beautiful), expensive(Expensive), gorgeous(luxurious), broken(broken), delicious(amazing) ugly(ugly)
- size: huge(huge), tiny(tiny), 4-foot-tall(at 4 feet)
- form: square(square), circular(round), oblong(oval)
- age: 10-year-old(10 year old) new(new), antique(old)
- color: black(black), red(red), blue-green(blue-green)
- origin: Roman(Roman), English(English), Mongolian(Mongolian)
- material: silk(silk), silver(silver), plastic(plastic), wooden(wooden)
- determinant ( qualifier) - a noun or verb that acts as an adjective
Adjectives should go in this order when they come before a noun. In English they are separated by commas:
- My beautiful, large, circular, antique, brown, English, wooden coffee table was broken. — My beautiful big round antique brown English wooden coffee table was broken.
If adjectives come after the verb “ to be”, then the determinant ( qualifier) remains with the noun at the beginning of the sentence. Adjectives are separated by commas, and the last two are separated by the conjunction “ and" For example:
- My coffee table is beautiful, big, circular, antique, brown, English and wooden. — My coffee table is beautiful, large, round, antique, brown, English and wooden.
Here are some examples of adjective order:
|
Adjectives |
Main noun |
||||||
|
Determinative ( determiner) |
Adjective opinions ( opinion adjectives) |
Factual adjectives (fact adjectives) |
|||||
|
size, shape, age, color |
origin |
material |
appointment |
||||
|
two(two) |
ugly(ugly) |
black(black) |
guard(sentry) |
dogs(dog) |
|||
|
well-known(well known) |
Chinese(Chinese) |
artist(artist) |
|||||
|
small, 18th-century(small, 18th century) |
French(French) |
coffee(coffee) |
table(table) |
||||
|
your(your) |
fabulous(incredible) |
new(new) |
sports(sports) |
car(automobile) |
|||
|
lovely(cute) |
pink and green(pink with green) |
Thai(Thai) |
silk(silk) |
dress(dress) |
|||
|
black(black) |
Spanish(Spanish) |
leather(leather) |
riding(riding) |
boots(boots) |
|||
The most important English adjectives
|
Adjectives of appearance |
Adjectives of color |
Adjective states |
Adjectives of feelings (negative) |
|
adorable- Cute |
red- red |
alive- alive |
angry- wicked |
|
Adjectives of feelings (positive) |
Adjective forms |
Adjectives of size |
Adjective sounds |
|
agreeable- flexible |
broad- wide |
big- big |
cooing- cooing |
|
Adjectives of time |
Adjectives of taste/touch |
Adjectives of touch |
Adjectives of quantity |
|
ancient- antique |
bitter- bitter |
boiling- boiling |
abundant- plentiful Leave a request Classmates |
