Presentation "Profession of translator". Presentation on the topic “Professiogram “Translator”” Areas of application of professional knowledge

08.02.202427.05.2017

Qualification as a linguist can be obtained at the Grodno State University named after. Yanka Kupala at the Faculty of Philology, studying in the specialty:

Linguistics– the science of natural human language as the most important means of communication in society and of all the languages of the world as its individual representatives.

Linguist, foreign language teacher– professional qualification of a specialist with higher education in the field of linguistics and linguodidactics, who has a set of competencies required of specialists with knowledge of a foreign language, and is able to carry out his professional activities in the field of teaching foreign languages in various types of educational institutions, including in the system of higher professional education and in other fields of activity that require specialists with knowledge of foreign languages at a professional level.

History of the profession

The science of languages has existed for thousands of years. History mentions linguists interpreting ancient texts and composing alphabets that belonged to different centuries and different civilizations. Back in the 5th century BC. e. Indian clergy and scientists formed the foundations of modern linguistics: the division of words into parts of speech, the classification of sounds and many other innovations at that time. Also, the laws of sentence formation, dividing words into syllables and other observations were described by linguists of Greece, China, Arab countries and some other peoples. During the Middle Ages, which were characterized by a slowdown in the development of science, linguists worked mainly only with Latin and Arabic. The rapid development of this field of knowledge began in the first half of the 19th century and continues to this day. It is characterized by the creation of such a number of works on linguistics that had not been written many centuries before.

Dominant activities:

Study of speech phenomena, rules, evolution of languages, kinship with other dialects and adverbs;
compilation of dictionaries, description of language grammar, reference books;
development of scientific, technical and special terminology;
improving the alphabet and spelling;
scientific research in the field of phonetics, morphology, syntax;
study of dialects and colloquial versions of the literary language;
interpretation of ancient cultures through the facts of their language, language teaching.

Qualities that ensure the success of professional activities:

Capabilities:

Lexical and linguistic abilities;
high level of verbal and logical thinking;
ability for systemic and comparative analysis;
the ability to generate new ideas (creativity);
ability to take an interdisciplinary approach to problem solving;
mastery of scientific concepts and the ability to perceive and understand various terms;
good long-term memory.

Personal qualities, interests and inclinations:

Organization, accuracy, clarity, composure;
perseverance, self-control;
curiosity, interest in research in the field of linguistics;
a penchant for developing scientific, technical and special terminology, a penchant for working with information;
a penchant for working in the field of communication, studying dialects;
the desire for self-knowledge, self-development, professional growth and high quality work results.

Qualities that hinder the effectiveness of professional activity:

Disorganization, irresponsibility;
lack of inclination for research activities;
inattention;
lack of communication.

Areas of application of professional knowledge:

Translation agency;
travel agencies;
international companies;
research organizations;
educational institutions.

1. Presentation of the profession
A translator is a specialist who deals with languages, translations, scientific and practical activities in the field of linguistics.
There is a place for such specialists to work in every institution: schools, colleges, universities, museums. Often the translator is also a teacher. But literary scholars also work in some other organizations. People with such a profession should have a humanitarian mindset and a penchant for writing essays and poetry. Translators are also in demand in many areas, but now they are subject to special requirements, including excellent knowledge of several languages and proficiency in rare languages. In order to withstand the competition of numerous translators and the same fellow linguists, a linguist must be comprehensively educated and know his business well. But a qualified specialist will be welcome everywhere.
The translator must be fluent in his native language, and, preferably, several foreign languages. If the work requires interpretation, then the person may be required to have communication skills and the ability to communicate with people from different social groups and countries. The translator needs to know the mentality of those people with whom he is negotiating, and local dialects (preferably). A translator must competently conduct business correspondence and translate documentation. You need to speak not only a bookish foreign language, but also the real one that people speak. Linguists can apply themselves in completely different areas, not only in translation agencies, but also in travel agencies, in international companies, and on television.
Advantages of the profession: variety of activities, creative approach, working with people.
Limitations of the profession: high competition in the labor market.

2. Type and class of profession
The profession of a translator belongs to the “Man – Sign” type, it is associated with working with texts and symbols. It requires the ability to concentrate, attentiveness and perseverance, and excellent lexical abilities.
It can also be classified as a “Man - Man” type, because it is associated with communication and interaction with people.
The profession of a translator belongs to the class of “heuristic (creative)”; it is associated with analysis, research, and requires high erudition, originality of thinking, a desire for development and constant learning.

3. Contents of the activity
The functions of a translator are extensive and varied, and depend on where he works: in a research institute, in teaching, or directly engaged in translation.
In the most general form, these functions can be defined as follows: compiling dictionaries, describing the grammar of the language, various kinds of reference books; translation from one language to another; development of scientific, technical and special terminology; improving the alphabet and spelling; scientific research in the field of phonetics, morphology, syntax; study of dialects and colloquial versions of the literary language; interpreting ancient cultures through the facts of their language, teaching the language of other people.
The translator does the following:

creates textbooks and dictionaries;
teaches the language to other people;
studies the nature, functions and internal structure of language, its historical development and classifications;
carries out translations from one language to another (scientific, technical, socio-political, economic literature, technical documentation, materials of conferences and seminars), literary translations, makes editorial corrections of the text;
prepares abstracts and thematic reviews on foreign materials, etc.;
translates scientific, technical, economic and other specialized literature, edits translations, prepares annotations and abstracts of foreign literature and scientific and technical information.

4. Working conditions
A philologist translator most often works independently and individually. Representatives of this profession work indoors. These can be offices of companies and organizations, translation agencies, etc. Work occurs primarily while sitting, using a computer and other tools (for example, dictionaries and reference books). As a rule, this is a quiet and calm activity, although the work of a philological translator may periodically involve business trips, travel, or business meetings with clients.
The translator-philologist is quite independent in his activities. He can make his own decisions within the framework of the assigned tasks, although he may be limited by the customer’s requirements and wishes for the final result of the work. The work of a translator-philologist can be piecework and remote, proceeding in the “freelance” mode.

5. Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist
To successfully master the profession of translator-philologist, basic knowledge of literature, Russian, and foreign languages is required.
A qualified philologist-translator should know:

literature and folklore, in their historical development and current state, in conjunction with civil history and the cultural history of the people speaking a given language;
languages, their relationships and typological relationships with other languages, their history, current state and development trends;
methods and methods of translation, etc.

A qualified philologist-translator must be able to:

master the main language being studied in its literary form, and have an idea of its dialect diversity;
master the basic methods of linguistic and literary analysis;
carry out translation activities, etc.

6. Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
To be successful as a translator, you must have the following professionally important qualities:

developed lexical abilities, linguistic abilities;
ability to concentrate;
propensity to work with information;
developed logical abilities;
penchant for service work;
a penchant for creative work;
propensity to work in the field of communication;
large amount of long-term memory;
high level of analytical thinking;
accuracy, patience.

7. Medical contraindications
Medical restrictions for the translator:

diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
nervous system;
of cardio-vascular system;
organs of vision;
mental disorders;
attention disorders;
virus carriage (for example, tuberculosis).

In the presence of these diseases, work in the profession of a translator-philologist can lead to deterioration of health, as well as create insurmountable obstacles to mastery and growth within this profession. Nervous and mental illnesses.

8. Paths to obtaining a profession
Of course, you can learn languages on your own, but, as a rule, successful work requires practice and special knowledge. Courses can help you master the language at a basic level.
As a rule, the profession of a translator can be obtained in institutions of higher professional education.
Information about educational institutions can be obtained from Internet resources.

9. Areas of application of the profession
Philological translators can work in such organizations and areas as:

research institutes;
editorial offices of magazines and newspapers (positions of editor, journalist);
reception desks in various companies (secretary assistant);
press centers;
literary unions;
translation agency;
educational establishments;
publishing houses;
libraries, etc.

Translators can also do their own business and work in “freelance” mode, for themselves.

10. Career prospects
Possible ways to develop a translator-philologist:
Specialization and development of related areas
Translators can specialize in various literary genres, translations into various foreign languages, etc.
Also, a person with the profession of a translator can master related specializations, such as: journalist, public relations manager, teacher, cultural scientist, historian, etc.
Scientific development path
In this case, the translator can engage in research activities, write master's and doctoral dissertations, highlight a new problem in the scientific world of philology, and devote his life to scientific achievements.
At the same time, the profession of a translator may also involve an entrepreneurial path of development. In this case, a person can start his own business, work for himself, or open his own agency.
In the case of this direction of career growth, it is recommended to develop entrepreneurial skills and master such professions as: entrepreneur, project manager.

11. Related professions
Writer, editor, teacher of Russian language and literature.

In the qualification directory of positions, the responsibilities of a translator include:

1. Translates scientific, technical, socio-political, economic and other specialized literature, patent descriptions, regulatory, technical and shipping documentation, materials of correspondence with foreign organizations, as well as materials of conferences, meetings, seminars, etc.

2. In the process of cooperation with foreign companies, direct contact of representatives of foreign companies with specialists of enterprises, institutions, organizations, translates speeches at conferences, symposiums, congresses and other international meetings.

3. Performs oral and written, full and abbreviated translations, while ensuring exact compliance of the translations with the logical, stylistic and semantic content of the translated texts, compliance with established scientific, technical and other terms and definitions. Translates technical documentation that requires written translation. Performs necessary editing of translated texts.

4. Conducts work to clarify and unify terms, concepts and definitions found in texts in relevant sectors of the economy, knowledge, science and technology. Prepares thematic reviews, annotations and abstracts on foreign sources of scientific and technical information. Participates in the preparation of reports on meetings and negotiations, as well as maintaining the necessary records and preparing technical documentation. Participates in commissioning work, in ensuring compliance with the terms of contracts with foreign companies, in organizing services for representatives of these companies (leisure, provision of medical care, meetings with representatives of the press, the public, etc.).

5. Performs work related to the transfer of information through various communication channels and systematization of information materials about translations performed and work done.

6. Prepares annotations and abstracts of foreign literature and scientific and technical documentation. Participates in the compilation of thematic reviews on foreign materials. Conducts work to unify terms, improve concepts and definitions on the subject of translations in relevant sectors of the economy, science and technology, accounting and systematization of completed translations, annotations, abstracts.

Qualities that ensure the success of a translator’s professional activity:

Capabilities

Personal qualities, interests and inclinations

Communication skills (the ability to establish contacts with people of different ages, gender, social status and culture);

Verbal abilities;

- (the ability to coherently and clearly express one’s thoughts, well-spoken speech, rich vocabulary);

High level of organizational skills;

Good mnemonic abilities (good memory);

Flexibility of thought processes;

High level of attention distribution

- (the ability to pay attention to several objects at the same time);

Ability to quickly make decisions in a changing situation;

The ability to present material taking into account the characteristics of each specific audience;

Physical and mental endurance.

Politeness, tact;

Good manners;

Resourcefulness;

Wit;

Energy, perseverance;

Self-esteem;

Erudition;

Decency;

Consistency.

Qualities that hinder the effectiveness of professional activity:

isolation;
aggressiveness;
irritability;
rudeness, bad manners;
inattention;
passivity;
lack of communication.

The specialty of a translator is chosen by people who are seriously passionate about language and know what they want to achieve. Each stage of development of economic, scientific, cultural interaction between representatives of these and other areas speaking different languages places its own demands on translators. However, there is a basis that has been formed over thousands of years, from the first attempts of man to come to an agreement with strangers, resorting to linguistic mediation and the help of those who own the most unique resource of human communication - the ability to hear a thought, understand the purpose of what was said and find the most accurate equivalent in a foreign language system for information and emotional expression of meaning sent to a communication partner.

The breadth and richness of a translator’s creative potential is manifested in the ability to broadly comprehend what is said and process the information expressed in words, to see the thought behind them, which must be immediately conveyed flexibly and adequately in another language. The French writer Valérie Larbaud, who spoke four foreign languages (English, German, Italian and Spanish) and was extensively involved in translating English literature, said: “A true translator certainly combines the most valuable and rare human qualities: self-denial and patience, even mercy, scrupulous honesty and intelligence , extensive knowledge, rich and agile memory.”

This thesis can be confirmed using the example of the vagueness of English syntax, demonstrating the translation of the phrase: “He swore the day he was born”, which can be equally rightly translated: He cursed the day he was born. And He swore the day he was born. Or another example: He went to the United States never to return . He went to the United States to stay there forever. He went to the United States and stayed there forever. ( ambivalence is a double function of syntactic constructions).

In the first translations of the Bible, considered sacred or standard, the translator's desire to literally copy the original was observed, which often led to ambiguity or even complete incomprehensibility of the translation. Therefore, some of the translators tried to theoretically justify their right to greater freedom of interpretation of the original and the need to convey not the meaning of the written word or literal reproduction, but the meaning of the tests or the general impression.

The two most important skills which a translator must have is express yourself fluently in the target language And have an idea of the essence of the text being translated . The translator must be prepared to be presented with a variety of topics. Therefore, he needs to educate himself all the time and be sure to read articles on topics in which he wants to improve his knowledge. In other words, general development, erudition, and breadth of outlook are necessary qualities for a professional translator.

In addition to language and subject skills, the translator must be able to document translation , so that linguistically correct work appears aesthetically pleasing.

During the negotiation process, he does not just translate from one language to another - it largely depends on him whether the necessary atmosphere will be created that will help achieve the required mutual understanding. Participation of a linguist, proficient in psychological techniques , often increases the chances of successful completion of negotiations, since politicians or representatives of the business world most often come from a variety of cultures, they have their own vision of business methods, each of them has their own approach.

For example, the expressive American business principle “ time is money, so today you need to make the most of it“doesn’t work at all with representatives of Latin America, Asia or the Middle East, who prefer long feasts and negotiations. The Western mentality has developed the most responsible attitude towards the contract, and Asian partners are very skeptical about any signatures on documents. If for Americans a passion for alcohol is a sign of weakness, then for the Japanese it is evidence of perseverance and endurance. In the Western mentality, it is unacceptable to ask questions about age, but in the East, age is respected as a status in the social hierarchy. When participating in interlingual communication, a good translator must be a kind of artist who has mastery of the art of transformation .

In addition to his mediating role in the process of interlingual communication, the translator sometimes performs communicative functions that go beyond the scope of linguistic mediation, when he directly communicates with participants in interlingual communication. In this case, the translator, at the request of one of the interlocutors, can take on the role of an independent source of information, giving additional explanations, drawing conclusions from the content of the original, pointing out possible errors, etc. Interpretation and translation can be combined with activities informant, editor, critic and so on. The linguistic mediator should use his knowledge not to tell negotiators how to solve their problems, but to help them figure out what they want to say to each other. Translator has no right to express his opinion , adding from yourself what was not said by the interlocutor, as well as transmit confidential information .

Professional translation is not only an adequate reproduction of the style of the written original or the speech of a person speaking another language, it is the ability to use terminological dictionaries and understand the field of science and technology to which the original relates. A professional translator is not a robot with a specific program, but a person who participates in the complex communication of other individuals,

and therefore developed analytic skills And fast reaction , since when translating even a small phrase there are always several options. He understands a thought with all its semantic shades, which is not accessible to a computer. Finding the meaning of a term that is not found in one language sometimes takes several hours.

Translation is always a creative work, where personal experience, ability to read between the lines, intuition and culture are crucial. Translation is always more difficult than retelling thoughts in another or native language, and what the computer most often produces cannot even be called interlinear. The intellectual work and professional skills of a translator cannot be replaced by any existing electronic resource. Automated translation tools can only help a professional.

The translator must understand both the “dry” language of mathematics and philosophical reasoning, so he must be well-read, have great erudition, a broad outlook and keep up with linguistic changes , since language is influenced by the economy, the development of new technologies, and moral and cultural values. A translator must be a comprehensively developed person, constantly ready to replenish his information and general cultural stock. V.G. Belinsky wrote: “Human knowledge does not consist of mathematics and technology alone, because it is applied not only to railways and machines. On the contrary, this is only one side of knowledge, this is still only lower knowledge - the higher one embraces the moral world, contains in the area of its knowledge everything that is lofty and holy in human existence.”

The opinion that anyone who knows a foreign language can translate is very common, but not everyone can become a translator. The traditional formula for translator qualification consists of bilingual knowledge And subject of speech. But this knowledge alone, including a large vocabulary and conversational skills, does not provide the ability to translate competently and is only a precondition. Necessary master translation technology And master a system of means and techniques , i.e. learn to convey information flexibly between two very different language codes.

When translating scientific and technical literature, political, marketing, commercial and other “business” materials, an understanding of not only all the details is required, but also the ability to overcome discrepancies in the structures and rules of functioning of different languages. The potential of a translator is manifested in the ability to comprehend what has been said, to grasp the thought and convey it flexibly and adequately in another language, reproducing the “tone” of the original, but not all people are able to speak and write correctly, clearly and expressively. If a person does not know how to express his thoughts in his native language, then even after understanding the content of the original, he will not be able to adequately express it. Even the most universal translators have strengths and weaknesses; one finds it easier to translate from a foreign language, another from a native one to a foreign one.

A professional translator understands the speaker’s thoughts with all shades of meaning, i.e. speaks a foreign language at a level close to his native language. The translator's profession requires masterful command of the native language. Downplaying the importance of speaking and writing in one's native language is one of the problems translators face. Immersing themselves in a foreign language and culture, they lose their linguistic sense and begin to think like native speakers. Accustomed to working quickly in both languages, they create structures in their native language that sometimes seem correct only because they were correct in the source language. It is called " linguistic schizophrenia" (I already i live in Russia for 25 years.)

How long have they been building the house? - How long have they built house? (already under construction) We have been waiting for you for two hours - We we wait you already two hours. Thank you for the book. I"ve been wanting it for ages. - Thanks for the book. I I've been wanting to for a long time have it.

1) When describing an action that began in the past and did not have time to end by the time of speech or ended shortly before the moment of speech, both Present perfect and Present perfect continuous can be used.

How long have you learn Russian?- How long you studied / studying Russian?

How long have you been learning Russian? - How long you studied / studying Russian?

He has worked for six hours. — He has worked/has been working for six hours already.

He has been working for six hours. — He has worked/has been working for six hours already.

2) If you need to do it emphasis on the most described action, which at the time of speech May be How finished, So and not finished, use Present perfect continuous. If the emphasis is on the completion of an activity or on the result achieved with its help, the Present perfect is used

Jane has been painting the house and she is very tired. — Jane painted home and very tired (important process painting the house, which has the side effect of making Jane tired).

Jane has painted the house and now it is green. — Jane painted house, and now it's green (important result, which they strived for, which was the goal of the activity: the house is now painted).

The international association of more than 100 professional associations of translators, interpreters and terminologists (FIT International Federation of Translators), uniting more than 80,000 translators from 55 countries, has established special standards and levels of professionalism.

Skills

Language and literacy:

Understanding the original language.

Writing skills in the target language.

Proofreading and editing.

Communication (communication):

Clarity of expression.

Establishing contact.

Providing and processing feedback.

Listening and questioning.

Observation and checking for understanding.

Cultural level:

Knowledge of history, traditions and customs.

IT knowledge:

Hardware and software used to perform translations.

Electronic file management.

E-commerce.

Efficiency:

Ability to make decisions.

Possibility of consulting.

Pondering.

Analysis and evaluation.

Setting the facts.

Project management:

Resource coordination. ( relevant reference materials. In the process of translating technical documentation, the translator must be guided by the documents provided by the customer as reference material, state regulatory documentation GOST, SNiP; reference books, glossary of terms, special dictionaries, spelling and explanatory dictionaries, etc.)

Terminology research.

Control.

Quality control.

A serious requirement for the qualities of a professional translator is health, which is verified by special testing for professional suitability. For example, psychological tests, since the profession of a translator requires enormous concentration and energy consumption. Written translation is a job of 8-10 hours a day, requiring extreme composure and accuracy . Add to this frequent rush jobs if the transfer must be done “yesterday”. To master the profession of a translator, you need not only abilities, but high motivation and hard work.

On average, it should take a good translator about a week to translate one author's sheet (40,000 printed characters, including spaces) of average complexity; the actual level of productivity on average is about 300 words per hour.

In addition to the highest language qualifications, specialists in interpretation and, especially, simultaneous translation are required to have good health and.

Very few translators can perform simultaneous translation. Such work requires such strong mental stress that sooner or later every third interpreter’s nervous system is exhausted, and closer to the age of 50, every second interpreter develops serious illnesses. Even experienced synchronized swimmers can effectively work for no more than 3-4 hours, so they work as a team.

Professional translator can speak and listen at the same time, react instantly and have a certain automatism and correctly and concisely translate what is said. If a translator often asks again, clarifies the meaning of words, corrects himself, etc., he slows down the pace of business communication and begins to be perceived not as an assistant, but as a hindering factor.

For a translator, it is very important background knowledge . This is where his associative memory comes into play. Necessary learn adequately highlight semantic units, highlighting the most important, because the translation process consists of two stages: analysis during the perception of information and synthesis at the moment of direct speaking. The translator must be able to correctly divide speech into phrases and grammatical structures , which will be convenient for the listener to understand.

The founders of the famous Geneva School of Translations have a good joke: “At international conferences, the translator is paid not for the translation, but for the way he speaks and how he looks.” The translator is part of the face of the company, and he must look presentable. When choosing your style, it is important to understand where you have to work and turn clothes into your advantage. A well-dressed person always has a positive influence on his interlocutor. For example, the financial sector suggests respectable images, while law and consulting recommend a conservative image. Dress code in a business image he is always restrained and functional. The word “suit” in Latin means “way of life” and a person’s appearance can say: “I am a business-like and collected person. You can trust me".

There are psychological studies according to which 55% of the first impression of a person is formed on the basis of how he looks, 38% - from the sound of his voice and only 7% - from the meaning of the words spoken. Therefore, appearance should always be taken seriously.

CONCLUSIONS:

The translator must have a sense of language and love this language;

Must be able to switch from one style of language to another ;

- convey the meaning of the original, and not just perform a “readable” translation of words;

The translator must have a "creative streak" ;

The translator must have good knowledge , How original language , So and regional culture ;

The translator must have a clear understanding of the subject , which we are talking about.

4. “Translator” - profession-medium or "post horse of civilization."

The sustained attention to translation in Russia is associated with the reforms of Tsar Peter I. Developing economic and cultural contacts between Moscow and Western Europe, he established the Foreign Collegium and opened a school of foreign languages to train translators. In 1735, the first professional organization of translators, the Russian Assembly, was created at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Translators contributed to the formation of the literary norm of the Russian language, which was significantly enriched precisely thanks to the translations of M. Lomonosov, N. Karamzin, V. Zhukovsky, A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov. They were the first to introduce Russia to the works of Western culture, and it was not without reason that A.S. Pushkin called translators “post horses of civilization.” The publishing house "World Literature", created on the initiative of M. Gorky, employed such talented translation masters as B. Pasternak, S. Marshak, L. Ginzburg, N. Tikhonov.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the need for translation of political, social, business, scientific and technical information increased. Entire translation departments were created in institutions and industrial enterprises. The demand for professional translators has grown significantly, and translation departments and departments have been established in some technical universities.

Currently, the profession of “translator” has moved from the category of “elite” to the ranks of “working” specialties, and has turned into a multifunctional machine. The more active international business connections, the wider the range of areas where this irreplaceable person is invited, despite the fact that an increasing number of children and adults around the world are learning English. But professional translators will not have competitors for a long time, since a translator is not just a profession, it is a lifestyle.

This style dictates its own rules, which professional translators are constantly improving, discussing the problems of their craft in the professional magazine "Bridges", which is published by the publishing house "R. Valens" since 2004 ( [email protected] or [email protected]).

Practicing professional translators have their own holiday, “Translator Day,” established in 1991 by the International Organization of Translators (FIT). It is celebrated on September 30 and is established in honor of St. Jerome of Stridon (about 340-420), who translated the Bible into Latin, for which he is considered the patron saint of translators.

Blzh. Jerome was born in the Balkans, to Christian parents, but received his education in Rome, where he learned Latin and Greek. He traveled widely and during a long hermitage in the desert he learned the Hebrew and Chaldean languages.

Over the translation of the Bible Blzh. Jerome worked in Constantinople, Rome, and Bethlehem, using Hebrew and Greek texts. It is his translation that is still the official Latin text of the Bible (Vulgata). Blzh. Jerome also owns many theological texts, letters, commentaries on Holy Scripture, and historical works.

Confession of the blessed Jerome's patron of translators is not without reason: he paid great attention not only to the practice, but also to the theory of translation; discussed the boundaries and framework of the concepts of “correct” and “adequate translation”, the benefits of comparative translations and the use of interlinear translations in different languages.

There is a legend that it is the blzh. Jerome was the creator of the Glagolitic alphabet (even though the Glagolitic alphabet appears to have appeared about 500 years later, around 860). However, in some sources you can find the term "Hieronymian" to refer to the Glagolitic alphabet.

Until his last days, Saint Jerome led an ascetic lifestyle. He is revered in the Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Orthodox name of this saint is Blessed Jerome; he may also be referred to in texts as St. Jerome; in the Catholic tradition he may also be referred to by his full name as Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus.

Saint Jerome of Stridon, Bible translator, patron saint of translators

In the paintings of the bl. Jerome is usually depicted as a scholar, surrounded by books, scrolls, or even bending over a human skull. At the feet of the blessed one. Jerome can often be seen sleeping peacefully with the lion he tamed.

Troparion of the blessed Jerome:(Church chant in honor of an Orthodox holiday or saint)

Great is your interlocutor, O God-Wise One, / of the Orthodox congregation, / as you are an interlocutor with the venerables, / and a participant in Divine wisdom, / so, most wonderful Jerome, / pray to Christ God / to grant us great mercy

Professionogram "translator"

The dominant activities of the translator profession:

organizing and conducting excursions to cultural and historical places for foreign citizens;
accompanying foreign citizens during their visits to the country;
providing assistance in the placement and residence of foreign citizens;
translations at presentations, business meetings, negotiations (simultaneous translations);
implementation of written translations (specialized scientific, technical, fiction, journalistic literature);
drawing up information and thematic plans and reports;
accompanying Russian-speaking groups when traveling abroad;
translation of foreign television and radio programs, films;
teaching activities.

Areas of application of professional knowledge:

travel companies, agencies, bureaus;
international organizations, companies;
hotels, restaurants;
presentations, negotiations, business meetings;
museums, galleries, exhibitions;
educational institutions.

Linguist(linguist) is a specialist in linguistics (linguistics, linguistics), the subject of research of which is the history of the formation and development of languages, their structure and characteristic features. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in foreign languages and Russian language and literature (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).

Short description

The modern world is striving for globalization, and in the context of increasing international contacts, the profession of a linguist is acquiring fundamental importance. The work of a linguist includes a wide variety of functions and depends on the place of work:

at the research institute he is engaged in the compilation of dictionaries, reference books, the development of scientific, technical and special terminology, the improvement of the alphabet and spelling, scientific research in the field of phonetics, morphology, syntax, the study of dialects and spoken language, etc.
in teaching, a linguist teaches language to students;
linguists-translators deal directly with translations - oral, simultaneous, written.

There are several classifications of linguists:

by language being studied:

specialists in a specific language - for example, Russianists, Englishists, Tatar scholars, Japaneseists, Arabists, etc.;
specialists in a group of languages - Germanists, novelists, Turkologists, Mongolians, etc.;
specialists in the languages of the region - Americanists, Africanists, etc.

on the topic or section of linguistics:

phoneticians;
morphologists;
syntaxists;
semanticists, etc.

in theoretical direction:

formalists;
functionalists;
cognitive scientists;
structuralists, etc.

Specifics of the profession

The work of a linguist may consist of the following activities:

teaching activities;
consultations as an expert;
research activities;
preparation of specialized articles, textbooks, almanacs, etc.;
assistance in creating computer software.

Where to study to become a linguist

Education in the field of linguistics consists of three areas:

teaching training;
theory and practice of translation;
public communications.

Professional linguists are trained in philological (or specialized linguistic) faculties of universities.

Pros and cons of the profession

Pros:

High demand in the labor market: the opportunity for self-realization in any field - written translation, simultaneous interpreter, oral or consecutive translation, translation of films, books, magazines. A person who speaks a foreign language will be in demand in any field of activity: journalism, tourism, PR companies, management.
Knowledge of a foreign language is the key to a high salary and rapid career growth.
Possibility of freelance work.
The opportunity to freely communicate with people while traveling and exploring the culture of other countries.

Minuses:

Some people may find the work of a linguist boring, since scientific works on linguistics are simply systematization and rewriting of other people's ideas.
Not all linguists are inclined to teach, which requires maximum patience.
The work of a simultaneous interpreter is very responsible and stressful.
It is better to combine knowledge of foreign languages with another profession (lawyer, economist, political scientist, journalist).
Unstable loading: in different months the volume of transfers may differ several times.
Delay in fees, which are not received immediately after delivery of the material, but when payment arrives from the customer.
Sometimes additional requirements are imposed on translators: accompany delegations to shops and bars, carry out courier orders.

Place of work

institutes, faculties and universities of linguistic education, secondary and higher educational institutions, courses for linguists;
educational establishments;
research institutes;
translation agency;
editorial offices of magazines and newspapers;
reception desks in various companies (secretary assistant);
work from home on a flexible schedule (translations) or individual work with students;
literary unions;
companies developing linguistic software;
departments, external relations departments of firms, companies, higher educational institutions, regional, regional and city administrations;
information departments, information and analytical services of enterprises, companies, banks, institutes of the Academy of Sciences, research centers;
libraries and departments of foreign literature;
museums, museum associations;
direction and management in international congress centers (conference centers);
Directorate of permanent regional, federal and international exhibitions and fairs;
hotels and hotel complexes;
domestic and foreign travel companies, agencies, bureaus;
press centers, radio and television centers;
international associations and associations;
international funds;
publishing houses.

Personal qualities

good hearing and memory;
patience and perseverance;
attentiveness;
good erudition;
analytic skills;
organization, self-discipline;
pedantry;
striving for professional excellence;
attention to detail;
concentration;
the ability to figuratively represent objects, processes and phenomena;
associative thinking;
deductive reasoning;
the ability to remember large amounts of information for a long time;
good visual memory;
memory for the semantics (meaning) of the text;
memory for words and phrases;
the ability to competently express one’s thoughts;
perseverance;
perseverance;
propensity for research activities.

Career

Salary as of November 21, 2019

Russia 15000—60000 ₽

Moscow 30000—70000 ₽

As a rule, linguists do not have problems finding employment. Currently, linguists are in demand in the field of information technology, mass communications, public relations and advertising. A linguist can also make a successful career in the scientific field, achieving success in research development or promotion in the administrative line. For example, becoming the head of a department or dean of a faculty. The salary of a linguist depends on his type of activity and qualifications.

Earnings in science are low. It is more profitable for linguists to use their skills in business by becoming representatives in international companies, referents and translators. To translate foreign articles, prepare PR presentations or conduct promotions for foreign investors. Such work is highly paid - up to 70 thousand rubles.

Famous Russian linguists

Ivanova Daria

The presentation reflects: rationale for the choice; general characteristics of the profession, history of the profession and much more.

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Presentation on the course “Fundamentals of Self-Improvement” The work was completed by: student of class 9 “A” Ivanova Daria. Teacher: Lais L.A. 2013 Municipal budgetary educational institution “Gymnasium No. 2”, Vyshny Volochyok. profession TRANSLATOR

Justification for choice In the age of developing international relations, it is important not only to know your own language, but also foreign ones. Translators are in demand everywhere, for example, in business you definitely can’t do without them. I believe that knowing foreign languages opens up much more opportunities and allows you to learn more and more new things. I love to travel, I dream of visiting Europe. I like communicating with people, but the difficult work of translating texts does not scare me. Accordingly, the profession of a translator suits me.

General characteristics Machine translation will not soon, and perhaps never, be able to supplant manual translation. A mistake in interpreting a text can sometimes be fatal. A translator is a person who can professionally translate a text of any complexity from one language to another, preserving the meaning and without distorting the facts.

History of the profession The profession of translator is one of the oldest. The need for it arose as soon as national languages different from each other emerged. Suffice it to recall the famous biblical story about the Tower of Babel and how helpless people became when they ceased to understand each other. Several attempts have been made to create and use a universal, universal language, Esperanto. However, these attempts did not receive universal recognition. After all, every language, every dialect bears national identity and reflects the history and culture of each people. Therefore, the need for translators remains and grows with the development of international tourism and interethnic relations.

Specifics of the profession Advantages of the profession: Opportunity for self-realization in any field: written translation, simultaneous interpreter, oral or consecutive translation, translation of films, books, magazines; A person who speaks a foreign language is willingly hired into journalism, travel companies, PR companies, and management; There is an opportunity to communicate with different people and study the cultures of other countries; A favorable outcome of negotiations often depends on the professionalism of the translator. Disadvantages of the profession: Unstable load in different months, the volume of translations may differ several times; Often fees are received not upon delivery of the material, but when payment arrives from the customer; Sometimes such specialists are treated as second-class citizens: translators accompany delegations to shops and bars, and sometimes carry out courier orders.

Profession specialization Interpreters Simultaneous interpreters Translators Technical translators Legal translators Fiction translators

Professionally important qualities Abilities Personal qualities communication abilities; verbal abilities; high level of organizational skills; good mnemonic abilities; flexibility of thought processes; high level of attention distribution; the ability to quickly make decisions in a changing situation; the ability to present material taking into account the characteristics of each specific audience; physical and mental endurance. politeness, tact; good manners; resourcefulness; wit; energy, perseverance; self-esteem; erudition; decency; consistency.

Required knowledge Name of profession translator Dominant way of thinking adaptation - formalization Area of basic knowledge No. 1 and its level humanities, level 3, high (theoretical) Area of basic knowledge No. 2 and its level philology, foreign languages, level 2, average (practical use of knowledge ) Professional field foreign language Interpersonal interaction rare Dominant interest social Additional interest entrepreneurial Working conditions indoors, outdoors, mobile

Qualities that hinder the effectiveness of professional activity: isolation; aggressiveness; irritability; rudeness, bad manners; inattention; passivity; lack of communication.

Ways to obtain The profession of translator is taught in institutions of higher professional education at foreign language faculties. There are many specialties related to the in-depth study of a foreign language. And everywhere has its own specifics - in some places they train foreign language teachers, in others - linguist-researchers. And for the employer, it is important that in the diploma of a young specialist who cannot yet boast of serious professional achievements, in the “qualification” column it is written: “linguist, translator”, otherwise it will take much longer to prove his competence. But such a qualification can be obtained only in one specialty and “Translation and Translation Studies”. Translators are trained in many universities, among which the best are: Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia (MGIMO); Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN); Moscow State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov (MSU); Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU); Russian State Humanitarian University (RGGU).

The dominant activities are organizing and conducting excursions to cultural and historical places for foreign citizens; accompanying foreign citizens during their visits to the country; providing assistance in the placement and residence of foreign citizens; translations at presentations, business meetings, negotiations; implementation of written translations; drawing up information and thematic plans and reports; accompanying Russian-speaking groups when traveling abroad; translation of foreign television and radio programs, films; teaching activities.

Salary level Full-time translator in a specific company, translation of fiction, aerobatics - simultaneous translation. A translator's career growth is determined by the degree of complexity of the tasks entrusted to him. Test "Career Guidance" I invite you to take a fascinating test!