Declension of compound ordinal numbers. Declension of numerals How complex ordinal numbers are declined

Declension of cardinal numbers

The declension of cardinal numerals is characterized by a variety of forms and types.

1.1.1.The numeral one is declined as a demonstrative pronoun

Case	Masculine	Neuter gender	Feminine	Plural
Them. P.	one	one	One	alone
R.P.	one	one	One	alone
D.P.	alone	alone	One	one
V.P.	one	one	One	alone
T.P.	one	one	One	alone
P.P.	(about) one	(about) one	(about) one	(about) alone

1.1.2. The numerals two, three, four form a special declension

named after P.	two	Three	four
R.P.	two	Three	four
D.P.	two	Three	four
V.P.	Two	Three	four
TV.P.	two	Three	four
P.P.	(o) two	three	four

1.1.3. Numerals from five to twenty and the numeral thirty are declined as third declension nouns

Them. P.	seven	fifteen	thirty
R.P.	seven	fifteen	thirty
D.P.	seven	fifteen	thirty
V.P.	seven	fifteen	thirty
TV.P.	family	fifteen	thirty
P.P.	seven	fifteen	thirty

1.1.4. The numerals forty, ninety, one hundred have only two forms in declension

named after P.	Fourty	Ninety	One hundred
R.P.	Magpie	Ninety	hundred
D.P.	Magpie	Ninety	hundred
V.P.	Fourty	Ninety	One hundred
TV.P.	Magpie	Ninety	hundred
P.P.	magpie	Ninety	hundred

1.1.5. Numerals from fifty to eighty, when declined, change both parts according to the model of third declension nouns.

named after P.	Fifty	Seventy
R.P.	Fifty	Seventy
D.P.	Fifty	Seventy
V.P.	Fifty	Seventy
TV.P.	Fifty	Seventy
P.P.	(o) fifty	(o) seventy

1.1.6. Numerals from two hundred to nine hundred also change both parts when declined

named after P.	Two hundred	Four hundred	Nine hundred
R.P.	Two hundred	Four hundred	Nine hundred
D.P.	Two hundred	Four hundred	Nine hundred
V.P.	Two hundred	Four hundred	Nine hundred
TV.P.	Two hundred	Four hundred	Nine hundred
P.P.	(about) two hundred	(about) four hundred	(about) nine hundred

1.1.7. The numerals thousand, million, billion are declined as nouns of the corresponding declension

Ordinal numbers have case endings for relative adjectives

1.3. Declension of collective numerals

Collective numerals in oblique cases have the endings of full plural adjectives

2. Use of case forms of numerals

2.1.When declension of compound cardinal numerals, all the words included in their composition change, when declension of compound ordinal numerals - only the last word.

For example,

The circumference of the lake was about one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five meters.

This was in one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five.

2.2. They differ in stylistic coloring of the form eight (colloquial) and eight (book). The numeral one and a half hundred also has a colloquial connotation.

2.3. In combination with the preposition po in a distributive meaning, it is possible to use variant forms of the accusative and dative cases of cardinal numerals five, ten, twenty, forty, etc.: five rubles each/five rubles each. The use of accusative case forms in such combinations corresponds to the modern literary norm. The traditional use of dative forms is more typical for written speech. The words thousand, million, billion are used in the dative case: a thousand/a million/a billion rubles.

2.4. The parallel forms of the instrumental case thousand and thousand agree differently with nouns: with a thousand rubles/with a thousand rubles.

You can practice declension of numerals (as well as other words) as follows:

What I have? (Im.p.)

What don't I have? (Gen. n.)

What am I happy about? (Dat.p.)

What did I give? (Vin.p.)

How did I pay? (TV.p.)

What was I thinking? (Prev. P.)

Help: competency-based approach. http://wwwumo.ifmo.ruplenum_met_01.doc; http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/consultations_en.html; http://www.tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemed=1

Sample program of the discipline “Russian language and culture of speech” of the federal component of the cycle of general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines in the state educational standard of higher professional education of the second generation / Sidorova M. Yu., Kukushkina O. V., Grigorieva O. N., Litnevskaya E. I. Official publication – M., 2000.

This article will become a cheat sheet for those who want to learn how to inflect numerals by case.

When inflecting numerals into cases, many people make mistakes. Wrong endings can be seen all over the place. And if in oral speech this is not so obvious, then in written speech one can immediately see the errors. The difficulty of correct declension of this part of speech lies in the fact that there is no single rule. To correctly decline numerals, you should know several rules.

Important: Numerals are not declined according to a pattern or a single pattern. There are several types of declinations.

Types of quantitative declinations

Types of ordinal declinations

Let's look at it in more detail using examples in sentences, as well as in summary tables.

How to correctly decline cardinal numerals from 0 to 10 billion: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Quantitatives are one of the categories of numeral names, have a gender and answer the question “how many?”

Above we have already considered the general rules for declension of numerals. Now let's look at how to correctly decline cardinal numerals using the example of a table.

If you need, for example, to decline the number 300 or 900, just look at the table to understand the principle.

Table 1

Case	300 (three hundred)	900 (nine hundred)
AND.	three hundred	nine hundred
R.	three hundred	nine hundred
D.	three hundred	nine hundred
IN.	three hundred	nine hundred
T.	three hundred	nine hundred
P.	(about) three hundred	(about) nine hundred

Let's look at examples with nouns:

1. Roman didn’t have enough one thousand two hundred rubles to buy a bicycle.
2. Masha wanted to manage the hundred rubles she had donated on her own.

How to correctly decline ordinal numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: The digit of ordinal numbers indicates the number of an object when counting. They answer the question “which”, “which”, “which”, “which”. For example: fifth ball, thirty-first mile.

table 2

Case	Third	Thirtieth
AND.	third	thirtieth
R.	third	thirtieth
D.	third	thirtieth
IN.	third	thirtieth, thirtieth
T.	third	thirtieth
P.	(about) the third	(o) thirtieth

Examples with nouns:

1. The second participant in the competition showed the best results.
2. Vanya is now ten years old.
3. The fourth friend was not at home.

Comparative table of cardinal and ordinal numbers

How to correctly decline collective numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Collective numbers are a narrower category than cardinal numbers. Used with nouns, they serve to generalize several objects to one whole. For example, three friends, seven kids.

Table 3

Case	Six	Two
AND.	six	two
R.	six	two
D.	six	two
IN.	six	two
T.	six	two (two)
P.	(o) six	(o) two

Example sentences:

1. Five students took part in the annual Mathematics Olympiad.
2. Dinner for two at a restaurant will be the best gift on Valentine's Day.
3. Our cat brought six kittens.

How to correctly decline numeral compounds: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Numeral names are divided according to their composition into: simple, complex, compound. Compounds are made up of two or more words. For example: forty-two, three hundred twenty-five, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight.

When declining compound numerals by case, do not forget to change all words, see table. 4.

Table 4

Case	Twenty seven	Three hundred forty five
AND.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
R.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
D.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
IN.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
T.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
P.	(o) twenty seven	(o) three hundred forty five

Examples of sentences with compound numerals:

1. Victory in the Great Patriotic War occurred in nineteen forty-five.
2. Twenty-two houses underwent major renovations.
3. The meeting was held with two hundred and forty-three employees of the company.

Important: In colloquial speech, the declension of compound numerals is simplified. It is permissible to inflect only the first and last word or only the last.

Declension of compound numerals

How to correctly decline complex numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Examples of complex numerals: eighty, two hundred thousandth, four hundred. Complex numerals combine two roots in one word: five + hundred.

Table “Declination of complex numerals”

Examples of sentences with complex numbers:

1. More than two hundred children of different ages attend the kindergarten.
2. Sixty schoolchildren were given vouchers to the sanatorium.
3. More than three hundred applications were submitted to the competition.

How to correctly decline the numerals of ordinary fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Fractions consist of cardinal (numerator) and ordinal (denominator) numbers. For example, 1⁄2 is one half; 4⁄5 - four fifths.

To correctly decline a fractional number, you need to decline all its parts.

Table 5

Examples with nouns:

1. Add one third spoon of salt to the dough.
2. To two point three sixths add two point one eighth.

How to correctly decline the numerals of decimal fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Let us separately consider the declination of decimal fractions in Table 6.

Table 6

Case	1/10	1/100	1/1000
AND.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
R.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
D.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
IN.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
T.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
P.	(o) one tenth	(o) one hundredth	(about) one thousandth

Examples with nouns:

1. One tenth of a kilometer has already been passed.
2. Work has already been completed on one hundredth of the site.

Fractional numbers

How to correctly decline numerals of mixed numbers by case: rules, examples

Important: If the fraction contains a whole zero, for example 0.5, then the word “whole” is not declined.

Table 7

Examples of sentences with fractional numbers:

1. Multiply four point five by three point seven.
2. Subtract one tenth from three point two hundredths.

Declension of the numeral one and a half, one and a half hundred by cases: features of declension

The peculiarity of the declension of these numerals is that for the nominative and accusative cases there is one form, for other cases - another. This can be seen in the table below.

Table “Declination one and a half, one and a half hundred”

Declension of the numeral one, one by case: features of declension

The numeral one is declined in exactly the same way as the pronoun "this".

Table "Declination of the number one"

Declension of the numeral two, two in cases: features of declension

Table “Declination of the numeral two, two”

Declension of the numeral both, both by case: features of declension

The words both, both are collective numerals. The table in the figure below shows how these words should be declined.

Table “Declination of numerals both, both”

Now you know how to decline numerals. And if you forgot, you can read this article again.

Video: Rules for declension of numerals

MORPHOLOGY

NUMERAL

§ 37. DECLINATION OF ORDINAL NUMBERS

MATERIAL FOR OBSERVATION AND REFLECTION

Compare how simple and complex cardinal and ordinal numbers are declined. What is the difference between their declinations?

	Seven houses	Seventh house
	Seven houses	Seventh house
	Seven houses	Seventh house
	Seven houses	Seventh house
	Seven houses	Seventh house
	(about) seven houses	(about) the seventh house
	Seven hundred characters	Seven hundredth
	Seven hundred characters	Seven hundredth
	Seven hundred signs	Seven hundredth
	Seven hundred characters	Seven hundredth
	With seven hundred signs	Seven hundredth
	(about) seven hundred signs	(o) seven hundredth

Ordinal numbers are declined like adjectives, and their endings are determined by the question, for example: car (which?) is seventh.

In complex ordinal numbers, when declension, the first part always has the form of the genitive case (except for the numerals ninety, one hundred): sixtieth, five hundredth.

When declension of compound ordinal numbers

Only the last word changes, for example:

I. one hundred and sixty-four

R. one hundred and sixty-four

D. one hundred and sixty-four

V. one hundred and sixty-four

TV one hundred sixty-fourth

Etc. (o) one hundred and sixty-four

234. I. Read the text.

Creating handwritten books was a difficult and time-consuming task. The production of each of them took not 1 year, but sometimes from 5 to 7 years. The creator of the book - the scribe - needed to have clear and beautiful handwriting.

II. Write sentences with numerals, replacing numbers with words. Make a morphological analysis of these numerals.

235. I. Look at the table and compare how compound cardinal and ordinal numbers are declined. What is the difference in their declension?

Quantitative compound numerals	Ordinal composite numbers
I. one thousand nine hundred fifty	One thousand nine hundred and fiftieth
R. one thousand nine hundred fifty	One thousand nine hundred and fiftieth
D. one thousand nine hundred fifty	One thousand nine hundred and fiftieth
V. one thousand nine hundred fifty	One thousand nine hundred and fiftieth
TV one thousand nine hundred fifty	One thousand nine hundred and fiftieth
Etc. (about) one thousand nine hundred and fifty	(o) one thousand nine hundred and fifty

II. Using the table, verbally decline the combination 2014.

– If ordinal numbers are part of the names of holidays, events, significant dates, then they are written with a capital letter: The Ninth of May, The Eighth of March.

If the ordinal number in these names is written as a number, then the word following it is written with a capital letter: May 9, March 8.

In phrases of an ordinal number and a noun, denoting the day and month of the year, the noun is placed in the genitive case: before the first of April.

236. Write three or four sentences including the names of your favorite holidays. Make a morphological analysis of one of the numerals used.

237. Open the brackets and write the numbers in words.

238. Read this sentence out loud. Write out cardinal numbers from it in words, determine their category by composition, form and write ordinal numbers.

Explain the placement of punctuation marks in a sentence.

Did you know that the Japanese language now uses 4000 - 6000 characters, Chinese - 600, Russian - 33 letters, Moldavian - 31, French, English - 26, German - 23, Greek - 22?

239. I. Read the text. Write down the ordinal numbers given in it with the nouns that agree with them. Determine their case.

The ceremonial foundation stone of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow took place on September 10, 1849. The consecration of the temple took place only in the 44th year of its existence and took place on May 26, 1883.

The work went on continuously. Only brick and stone work (30 million bricks were laid) lasted 10 years. In 1860, all finishing work was completed, the scaffolding was removed, and the temple for the first time revealed all its grandeur and grandeur. Its main wealth is spiritual, because the temple is a monument. And what could be more valuable than human memory!

Moscow. Cathedral of Christ the Savior (restored in 1994-1997)

II. Explain the spelling of capital letters in the words of the text.

240. Translate the text from Ukrainian into Russian in writing, writing numbers in words. Make a morphological analysis of one of the numerals.

LET'S LOOK INTO THE DICTIONARY

Potichok is a stream.

Cordon - border.

The turns are the origins.

Uprodovzh - throughout.

The Dnieper begins in Russia with a small flow*. However, closer to the border* with Ukraine there is a thin river (the third largest in Europe), which replenishes the water with tributaries. There are as many as 15,380 of them on the 2,200-kilometer Dnieper route. There are 80 hundreds of our water resources here. The river is navigable for a distance of 2000 kilometers. This is a cascade of 6 reservoirs, which regulate 44 cubic kilometers of water. Around 30 million Ukrainians swim in this water.

(From the newspaper)

SUMMARY WHAT WE LEARNED

1. Answer questions, complete tasks.

– What is the role of numerals in speech? Give examples.

– Numerals are used mainly in combination with nouns. Why? Illustrate this with examples.

- Three friends - three friends. How are the numerals in these phrases different?

2. Compose and write down the phrases “numeral + noun”.

Four, four (girlfriends). Three, three (scissors). Five, five (oranges). Seven, seven (guys). Two, two (kilograms).

3. Complete test tasks. Choose the correct answer from the data.

1. In which series are all numerals simple?

And six hundred, forty, twenty-five

B three, one hundred, million

At five thousand, three sevenths, nine

G twenty two, one third, second

2. Is eighteen needed in the numerals nine hundred?

A is needed in the first word, but not needed in the second

B is not needed in the first, but is needed in the second

B in both words is not needed

G is needed in both words

4. Read, pronouncing the numerals correctly.

To 1 4 add 75 from 55 subtract 11

From 47 add 68 from 78 subtract 60

5. Write the number 555 words. Decline this numeral in writing. Emphasize the endings. Tell us about the declension of compound numerals.

6. Read fractions. Write them down in words.

7.1. Read the text. Write down the divided numbers in words. Talk about the use and spelling of the written numerals.

About cats

About 36 species of predators of the feline family live in forests, deserts, riverine thickets, and mountains. The smallest representatives of wild cats are up to 46 centimeters long, weighing just under 3 kilograms, and the largest are about 4 meters and about 400 kilograms.

Once upon a time in Transcaucasia, a lion was considered a common animal, a. There are still over 100 wild lions in India.

Previously, cheetahs were used both for hunting and at ceremonial receptions. Ego is one of the fastest-footed animals. The cheetah reaches speeds of up to 112 kilometers per hour. Until recently, a tiger lived next to him. These animals live longer than other cats - up to 50 years.

Leopard, lynx, and wild forest cat live side by side with the tiger.

II. Make a morphological analysis of one of the written numerals.

8. Write down the numbers given in the text in words. Determine the rank of the written numerals. Retell the text

forest cat

The Kiev metro was opened on November 6, 1960. The modern Kiev metro (as of 2013) has 3 operating lines and 52 stations, of which 6 are above-ground. Arsenalnaya station is considered the deepest in Europe. It is located at a depth of 105.5 meters. In 2012, according to one of the authoritative British newspapers, the Golden Gate station was included in the list of the 22 most beautiful metro stations in Europe.

(According to the free encyclopedia Wikipedia)

9. I. Read the text and title it.

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born in Feodosia in 1817. As a child, little Vanya loved music and taught himself to play the violin. But my biggest hobby was drawing. The main “hero” of his paintings was the sea. The artist was attracted to a completely incomprehensible element, its constant variability.

Throughout his life, the artist painted about 6,000 paintings.

“The Ninth Wave” is the artist’s most famous painting. Sailors have the concept of the “ninth wave” - this is the strongest wave during a storm, bringing death and destruction. Powerful waves fill the entire space of the picture and seem to foreshadow the death of people frantically clinging to the wreckage of the ship.

But the rays of the sun that penetrate the water inspire confidence that people will emerge victorious from the mortal struggle.

II. Determine the syntactic role of numerals in the text.

III. Look at the reproduction of I. Aivazovsky’s painting “The Ninth Wave” and describe it using numerals.

I. Aivazovsky. Ninth Wave

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Ordinal numbers are grammatically similar to relative adjectives. Ordinal numbers vary by gender, number and case and in all forms agree with the nouns they refer to. In compound ordinal numbers, only the last part is declined.

Using cardinal numbers with nouns:

1. When combining a compound numeral ending in two, three, four (22, 43, 84...) with nouns that have only plural forms (day, sleigh, scissors), syntactic incompatibility arises: it is impossible to say “twenty-two days”, neither “twenty-two days”, nor “twenty-two days”. In such cases, depending on the context, either lexical editing or grammatical restructuring of the sentence is carried out, for example, instead of “22 days” you can say: twenty-two days, for twenty-two days, etc. In a business style: twenty-two pieces of scissors ; purchase twenty-two sleighs.

2. In combinations of two (three, four) or more... the controlled noun is placed in the singular genitive case: two or more options, three or more difficult forms, four or more valuable proposals. In other words, the noun is made dependent on the numerals two, three, four, and not on the word more (cf. the possibility of rearrangement: two options or more).

3. Fractional cardinal numbers always control R.p. noun: 93.6 (ninety-three point six) percent, 7.3 (seven point three) kilometers. In other words, with a mixed number, the noun is governed by a fraction, not a whole number.

4. The numeral one and a half/s in all cases, except nominative and accusative, is combined with the plural form of the following noun: about one and a half (R.p.) tens (pl., R.p.) people (pl., R.p.) – one and a half (T.p.). thousands (pl., T. n.) rubles (plural, r.p.).

Word day does not have a singular form, so the combination of one and a half days is not perfect. It is recommended to express the given meaning descriptively, for example: within one and a half days, one and a half days(if the exact meaning of the word day is not important). With nouns that do not have a singular form, you should use the word one and a half: Not even a day and a half had passed. The waiting time is already approaching one and a half days. Everything was limited to a day and a half. Is it worth talking so much about this day and a half?

5. Collective numbers denote the number of objects as a whole. Collective numbers include the words both, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. Collective numerals have limited combinability; they are not combined with all nouns, but only with some: 1) with nouns that name male persons (two men); the numeral both is also combined with nouns denoting female persons (both women); 2) with nouns person, person, child (five people, persons, children); 3) with the names of baby animals (seven kids); 4) with nouns that have only plural forms (two sleighs); 5) with nouns naming paired objects (two socks); two socks are two socks, and two socks are four socks, i.e. two pairs of socks; 6) with personal pronouns we, you, they (there weren’t two of them).

Rules for increasing the case ending in ordinal numbers. The increment of the case ending in ordinal numbers indicated by Arabic numerals can be one-letter or two-letter:

1. According to established tradition, the increment must be one-letter if the last letter of the numeral is preceded by a vowel sound: 27th object (twenty-seventh object, 70th anniversary (seventieth anniversary), in the 13th entrance (in the thirteenth entrance).

2. The extension must be two-letter if the last letter is preceded by a consonant: 27th (twenty-seventh object), to the 27th student (to the twenty-seventh student).

3. If two ordinal numbers follow in a row, separated by a comma or connected by a conjunction, the case ending is increased for each of them: 7th, 8th cars; 70s and 90s.

4. If more than two ordinal numbers follow in a row, separated by a comma, semicolon or connected by a conjunction, then the case ending is increased only for the last numeral: 1st, 2nd and 5th cars, 70s, 80s, 90s.

5. If two ordinal numbers follow a dash, then the case ending is increased:

a) only for the second numeral, if the case ending for both numerals is the same: 50–60s, 80–90s;

b) for each numeral, if the case endings are different: in the 13th – 20th rows.

The extension is not used:

1. In writing cardinal numbers : publication in 4 volumes; work of 5 employees; movie of 8 episodes.

3. If the number is indicated by a Roman numeral: II International Conference; XXI century, Louis XIV.

4. In the numbers of volumes, chapters, pages, illustrations, tables, appendices, etc., if the generic word (volume, chapter) precedes the numeral: on p. 196, in volume 5, in table. 11, in app. 1 (but: on page 196, in volume 5, in table 11, in appendix 1).

If complex nouns and adjectives contain a numeral, then it can be written in verbal form (in words) or in verbal-digital form (with a number and a hyphen attached to the noun or adjective). When using the verbal-numeric form of recording, letter increments after numerals are not written.

Writing dates:

1. Writing dates consisting of the day of the month, the serial number of the month and the year. If the date includes the day of the month (date), month and year, then these elements may have the following spelling: 09/02/99, 01/01/2014, February 2, 2015, February 2, 2015.

If the date designation in the text consists only of the year, the word “year” is written in full: plan for 2015, estimate for 2015.

If the date in the text consists of a month and a year, a quarter and a year, a half-year and a year, then it has the following spelling: in October 2000, in October-November 2000, in the first quarter of 2000, in the third-fourth quarters of 2000, in the first half of 2000.

2. Writing the word “year” with the date numbers. The words “year”, “years” are abbreviated (years, years) if they are given in dates indicating a month, quarter, half-year. If the date consists only of a year, then the word “year” is written in full: Organizational and technical activities plan for 2016.

It is required to omit the word “year” when indicating it digitally on the title page, cover, as well as in the output of the bibliographic description.

It is recommended to omit the word “year” when indicating it numerically, usually with dates in parentheses. Typically these are the dates of birth, death, birth and death next to the name of a person, the date of creation or publication of a work after its title, the date of a historical event, etc.: "Expertise in the German investment process (1999)."

3. Designation of periods. Calendar dates in the text are written as follows: August 23-28, 2012, August 30 - September 4, 2013, in October 2014, but: for 8 months of 2014, in 2013, from 2012 to 2015, in 2013-2015.

All types of non-calendar years (budgetary, operational, reporting, academic year, theater season), i.e. beginning in one year and ending in another are written separated by a slash: in the 2014/15 academic year, reporting year 2014/15.

In other cases, a dash is placed between the years, and the second year is written in full, for example: exempt from taxation in 2015-2016.

The quarter is indicated by a Roman numeral, and the half-year is written in full: I quarter of 2013, in the second half of 2014

With Roman numerals, case endings (incrementations) are not used: in the first quarter (but not in the first quarter).

4. Names of holidays. In the names of holidays and significant dates, the first word and proper names are written with a capital letter: Eighth of March, New Year, Russian Press Day, but: Victory Day, Nativity of Christ.

If the initial ordinal number in such a name is written as a number, then the word following it is written with a capital letter. The ordinal number does not have an increment: May 1, March 8.

· When declension of compound ordinal numbers only their last part changes. It is this part that has the form of an ordinal number, coinciding with the form of full adjectives: one thousand nine hundred forty-one-in one thousand nine hundred and forty-five;

· The remaining parts have the form of cardinal numbers, but do not change: two thousand three year-until two thousand and three.

Collective numbers.

Collective numbers ( two, three, four, five etc. ) are used only in the following cases:

1. with nouns denoting males (two friends, three brothers);

2. with nouns children, people, as well as with nouns denoting names baby animals(four children, seven kids, three hares);

3. with nouns having the form plural only and denoting names of paired or composite items(two sleighs, four gates, seven days);

4. with personal pronouns we you they : There are two of us; there are five of them;

5. with substantivized numerals and adjectives denoting persons: two or three guards came in.

· You can say two students And two students(both options are equal). But we need to talk two students (two students- wrong).

· Collective numbers express only numbers from two to ten. Therefore, when indicating a number of more than ten males or young animals, quantitative numerals should be used: twelve friends, forty-five cubs.

4. Numeral both, one and a half, one and a half hundred.

· Numeral both has two generic forms: both- masculine and neuter gender, both- feminine gender: in both states, in both countries.

one and a half (one and a half rubles, one and a half thousand). In addition, in indirect cases this numeral has the form one and a half(about one and a half thousand rubles).

· The numeral has a similar form in indirect cases one and a half hundred (about one and a half hundred rubles).

Fractional numbers.

· When declining fractional numbers all words change, with the numerator changing as the corresponding integer, and the denominator as a plural adjective: two (which?) thirds; three (what?) seventh.

The phrases “numeral plus noun” in the nominative and indirect cases.

· In the nominative case the numeral manages genitive case of a noun ( give fifty-five rubles).

· In indirect cases the main word becomes the noun, and the numeral agrees with him ( about fifty-five rubles).

· Numerals thousand, million, billion in all cases they retain control of the dependent noun in the genitive case: a million rubles, about a million rubles.

The number of nouns used with numerals.

· With numerals one two three four the singular form of nouns is used ( two days, four apples), with numerals from five and onwards the noun is put in the plural form ( five days).

· Numeral one and a half in the nominative and accusative cases it controls the noun in the singular, and in the remaining cases the noun is in the plural form ( an hour and a half-about an hour and a half).

· The same applies to the numeral one and a half hundred .

8. Designation of quantity more than ten for nouns that do not have a singular form.

· Combinations of compound numerals ending in two three four, with nouns that do not have a singular form ( 22 days-twenty two days), are unacceptable in literary speech. Only combinations of the type twenty-one days, twenty-five days.

· If it is necessary to indicate the corresponding number, a noun that does not have a singular form must be replaced with a synonymous one that has both number forms ( twenty two days).

· With nouns scissors, forceps etc. you can use words like thing and etc. ( twenty three pieces of scissors).

Date designation.

In phrases denoting dates, the numeral should always control genitive case noun: The administration promises to eliminate wage arrears by December 15I (Not December); The letter is dated December twenty-thirdI 1943(Not December 23).

PRONOUN

Pronoun is an independent part of speech that indicates on objects, signs, quantity, but does not name them: I, myself, yours, so much and etc.

Pronouns answer the questions of nouns (who? what?), adjectives (which? whose?), numeral names (how many?): He laughsmy Brother,some pencils.

Morphological And syntactic The characteristics of pronouns also depend on what part of speech they replace in the text.