PERM LOCAL STUDIES began with the work of the first explorers of the Perm Territory in the 18th century. V. N. Tatishcheva. P. S. Pallas, N. P. Rychkov, I. I. Lepekhin, A. G. Humbold and others.
Tatishchev Vasily Nikitich (1686 - 1750) - Russian statesman, historian, author of "Russian History from the Most Ancient Times" and "Russian Lexicon" - the first Russian encyclopedic dictionary that also contained Permian material.
The formation of Perm local history dates back to the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries. and is associated with the beginning of Perm book printing. One of the first publications was N. S. Popov’s “Economic Description of the Perm Province”, published in Perm in 1804 and compiled under the guidance of the governor K. F. Moderakh. Another "classic" work on Perm local history is "Journey to the cities of Cherdyn and Solikamsk to search for historical antiquities" by V. N. Berkh (St. Petersburg, 1821)
In the second half of the 19th century the development of Perm local history was carried out by historians and local historians D. D. Smyshlyaev, F. A. Volegov, A. A. Dmitriev, I. Ya. Krivoshchekov, N. A. Rogov, A. E. and F. A. Teploukhov and others Local history observations and studies were published in the "Perm collections" (1859-1960); since 1870 - in the "Commemorative books of the Perm province" and "Calendars of the Perm province". Local history material was regularly published on the pages of the Perm Gubernskie Vedomosti. In 1888, the scientific, local history and educational society "Perm Scientific Archival Commission" (PUAC) was created in Perm, the famous local historian V. D. Shishonko became its first chairman. For the period from 1892 to 1915. 12 issues of the Proceedings of the PUAK were published. In 1899, the "Society of Lovers of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Cherdyn Territory" was created, its members collected ethnographic material from the Northern Territory. From 1870 to 1930, the Ural Society of Natural Science Lovers (with a department of ethnography) operated in Yekaterinburg, which published 40 volumes of the “Uole Notes”. Since 1916, the department of Petrograd University has become the center for the study of local history in Perm, since 1917 - Perm University. Scientific societies were created at the university - the Circle for the Study of the Northern Territory (KISK), then - the Society for the Study of the Perm Territory. The civil war suspended their activities, but in 1923 the KISK resumed its work and operated until 1929. Members of the circle studied the history, ethnography and folklore of the Kama region, developed research methods, formed museum collections, and published scientific works. In 1924 - 1928 4 issues of the "Perm Collection of Local Lore" were published under the editorship of P. S. Bogoslovsky with more than 80 articles. In 1925, the Perm Local History Society (POK) was established. In the early 30s. The activities of local history organizations are noticeably reduced, the publication of local history collections is being discontinued. By a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of June 10, 1937, local history organizations throughout the country were liquidated. Many active participants in the local lore movement were arrested and died. In 1935, P. N. Bogoslovsky was arrested, and in 1937, the former director of the Perm Museum, A. S. Lebedev, and the well-known local historian V. N. Trapeznikov, were arrested. According to modern researchers, 1917 - 1929. were the "golden decade" of Soviet local history.
In the post-war years, the local lore movement was gradually restored, but mainly on a professional basis. New people come to local history. The Perm Museum of Local Lore becomes the center of local history research. In 1954, the Museum of Archeology of the Kama Region was opened at the Perm State University. The Perm book publishing house under the leadership of the well-known journalist and local historian B. N. Nazarovsky singles out the local history direction in its activities: the almanacs "Prikamye", "Calendars - reference books of the Perm region", a series of books "Remarkable people of the Kama region", etc. are published. In 1963 - 1965 . The History of the Urals was published in 2 volumes under the general editorship of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor F. S. Gorovoy. The authors of the monograph were Perm scientists K. S. Makhanyok, V. V. Mukhin, P. I. Khitrov, V. G. Cheremnykh, F. A. Aleksandrov, I. S. Kaptsugovich, V. P. Krasavin, A. Fadeev. In 1966, a city voluntary society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments was created in Perm, then a regional one; The Perm branch of VOOPIK is still active. Work has intensified on the creation of folk museums, the development of local history tourism and school local history. In the 1960s - 1970s. 12 books of the series "Cities of the Perm Region", three "Guidebooks - a guide to Perm" and others were published.
In the early 1980s in Perm, a city club "Perm local historian" was created. In 1984, the "First Regional Historical and Local Lore Readings" took place in the city. In March 1990, the society "Local History of Prikamye" was created in Perm.
An important role in the modern local history of the Urals is played by the Perm Museum of Local Lore, the Perm State Art Gallery, the regional library named after A. M. Gorky, and regional archives. Over the past decade, pre-revolutionary local history publications have been republished and the works of modern researchers have been published - scientists from Perm universities V. V. Abashev, A. M. Belavin, G. P. Golovchansky, M. A. Ivanova, T. A. Kalinina, A. F. Melnichuk, V. V. Mukhina, I. A. Podyukova, G. N. Chagina, A. V. Chernykh and others, devoted to the history and culture of the Kama region.
T. N. Leporinskaya
A. Zelenin Perm and Perm region
entertaining local history
Name, patronymic, surname
When a person is born, he is given name. In order not to turn later on the street: “Hey, you!” After all, who is this - "Hey, you!" - unclear!
Ancient people gave themselves names that were different from modern ones. These names were long and explained a lot. For example, one of them could sound like this: "A man who caught a bear and killed him to feed his family."
Our ancestors - the Slavs - often named themselves in honor of the gods, which they invented for themselves. For example, the sun god is Yarilo. If a person was born in the morning, he could well be named after the sun god.
Modern names that we get from our parents came to us from different countries - from different languages. For example, from Greek, Old Arabic, Old Germanic, Hebrew, Old Norse, Celtic, Latin, Old Slavonic.
A person's patronymic is always given in honor of the father. Since ancient times, it has become so customary: a man is the main one in the family: a breadwinner and a protector. Bearing a patronymic is always an honor. Previously, it was not given to everyone. Either those who belonged to a rich family, or those who distinguished themselves in some way before their homeland.
Surname is a Latin word. It came to us from ancient Rome. Many hundreds of years ago, they denoted belonging to a family.
In Russia, the first surnames denoted the occupation of a person, his profession. For example, he was driving through the village of voivode 1 - he himself was on horseback, on horseback, but take the road, and the children run across. "Whose kid? "- the governor was angry. And they tell him: “Yes, the Kuznetsovs are kids!” - that is, a local blacksmith. So the children of the blacksmith received not only punishment from the governor, but also a nickname - a future surname.
1 Governor - the head of any territory in Russia, as well as the troops,
Given a surname and a first name. The trees were small. Sometimes only two or three households. An important man was driving, he was interested in the guys that they were running around the huts: whose they were. They answered: "Vanka, son of Petrov." Or like this: "Yeryomka, son of Danilov." So the names Petrov, Danilov and the like appeared on earth.
Names are not only for people. Rivers and lakes, villages and cities have their names. People settled near the river - gave it a name. They built a house, another and a third - they called the village so that they knew where they lived.
The main city of the Perm Territory has a name - Permian.
By the way, in ancient times, Perm was not called a city, but a large territory - lands where different peoples lived.
Scientists have not been able to determine exactly where it came from and when the name "Perm" appeared. This happened because the people who named our lands did not know letters, could not write, did not think about the future. They did not preserve and did not pass on history to their descendants. 
Russian scientist Dmitry 2 Vladimirovich Bub-rikh believed, and many scientists agreed with him, that the word "Perm" came from the Vepsian word "perama" ("feather maa", "feather maa") - "far" or "distant land" .
2 Dmitry is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "belonging to Demeter." In ancient Greek mythology, Demeter is the goddess of fertility and agriculture.
RepresentativeVeps peoples
Veps are a people who now live in the western part of Russia. This is the European part of our country.
Veps are descendants of the ancient Finnish tribe "all". A long time ago, this tribe lived on the current lands of Russia, entering the Urals. 
A very unusual version of the origin of the word "Perm" was proposed by the Russian geographer Nikolai 3 Ivanovich Shishkin. Most of our scientists disagreed with him. However, I think you will be interested to know that, according to Nikolai Ivanovich, two ancient tribes once lived on our lands. One was called "per", the other - "eat". These tribes gave the name to our land.
Komi-Permyaks
In the languages of the peoples of the Kama region, which after the Veps became indigenous to our land (Komi-Permyaks, Komi-Zyryans and Komi-Yaz-Vintsy), the word "Perm" sounded like "Perem", "Perim" and "Perim".
When Russian people came to the Urals, they called this area "Perem". Over time, one letter "e" from the word disappeared, and "Perm" was obtained.
3 Nikolai is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "victor of peoples."
City Permian
Every person has a birthday. This is the day, month and year he was born.
Settlements also have birthdays - in big cities and small villages.
The year of birth of Perm is the year1723rd. The city's birthday is celebrated annually on June 12. And it is celebrated together with the Day of Russia.
Why, 1723?
Because this year on the Yegoshikha 4 river, a tributary of the Kama, the construction of a copper smelter began. This factory gave rise to a factory settlement - the future city of Perm.
4 Once Egoshikha was called like this: Yagoshikha. From the Komi-Permyak "yag" ("eg") - a log, and "osh" - a bear, together: a bear log. Egoshikha is a river that flowed along a ravine where many bears lived. 
city founderPerm is Vasyaley 5 Nikitich Tatishchev.
And the name of the future city - Perm - gave the RussianEmpress Catherineon the II 6 . On November 16, 1780, by her Decree, she ordered: “... Appoint a provincial city for the Perm viceroy in this place, name this city Permian..."
5 Basil - a Greek word, translated into Russian means "royal *.
6 Catherine II - Russian Empress. Years of life: 1729 - 1796. Years of government of the Russian Empire: 1762-1796.
Catherine is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "pure, immaculate."
The first inhabitants on the site of the future city of Perm appeared in 1647. Then a census of the people living on them was carried out on the Permian lands. They also copied all the Kama villages: towns, villages and pochinki 7 .
7 Pochinok - a small new village, often originally in one house.
In the census book of the governor Procopius 8 Elizarov for 1647 it is written: “... repairs on the river. Kama and on the river Yagoshikha, and in it there are peasants' yards: Sergeyko Pavlov, the son of Bryukhanov, he has children of Klimko and Ivashko ... "
8 Procopius is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "a naked sword."
In 1678, in the census books of Prince 9 Fedor 10 Velsky on the Kama and Yagoshikha rivers, everything is in the same repair "yards: Ivashka Verkho-Lantsev, Dyomka and Yaranko Bryukhanovs, Stall Bryukhanov and Ivashko Bryukhanov ..."
9 Prince - the ruler of any territory in the Russian state, as well as a title of nobility.
10 Fedor is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "God's gift."
At the turn of the XVII-XVIII (seventeenth - eighteenth) centuries, the Russian Tsar Peter I 11 needed a large number of guns to expand the borders of the state, as well as to protect them. They also needed money. Iron and copper were needed to make cannons and coins. The Urals has long been the richest part of the lands of the Russian state. Here, in the Urals, Peter I was sent captain-lieutenant of artillery V.N. Tatishchev. He "had to find places rich in forests and ores, next to large waters, in order to set up new factories that produce tools in the sovereign's arsenal" 12.
11 Peter I - Russian tsar, later emperor. Years of life: 1672-1725. Years of government of the Russian state: 1682-1725.
Peter is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "stone".
12 From the book “The Tale of Motovilikha: Years. Events. People* (1974).
In 1723, the first copper was smelted at the Yegoshikha plant.
In 1724, the foundation was laid in the village, and in 1726 the first church, Peter and Paul Church, was consecrated. At first, the church was wooden, later a stone one was built next to it (1757-1764). The Peter and Paul Church is still located in Perm. This is the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Sovetskaya street, 1.
In the 1730s, Yegoshikha became the center of the vast territory of the Perm province as part of the Kazan province.
Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul
In 1781, the Perm province was created, Perm became its main city.
In 1923, after regions and districts appeared in Russia instead of provinces, Perm became the center of the Perm District.
Since 1938 Perm has been the main city of the Perm region. 
In 1971, for great services to the motherland, Perm was awarded the highest order of the country of the USSR 13 - the Order of Lenin.
13 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Now Perm is a very big city. Along the main river of the Kama region - Kama - it stretches for almost 70 kilometers, its width is about 40 kilometers, and its area is almost 800 square kilometers!
Approximately lives in Permmillion inhabitants! They work in large and small enterprises, go to shops and markets, to theaters and libraries, visit parks and stadiums. For kids In Perm open over 200 kindergartens, over200 schools- general education, special, musical, artistic and sports. And in Perm there are colleges, lyceums, institutes and universities.
Districts Permand 
Perm the edges
Our country, the Russian Federation, is a single entity. But it is made up of many parts. These parts are republics, territories and regions.
Perm Territory - part of the Russian Federationderations. It also consists of parts, but they are smaller than the republics.
The Perm Territory includes the Perm Region and the Komi-Perm Autonomous Okrug. In turn, the region and the district are divided into districts in which there are cities, villages, villages and towns.
There are 7 districts in Perm: Dzerzhinsky, Industrialny, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Motovilikhinsky, Ordzhonikidzevsky and Sverdlovsky.
Kirovsky district is located entirely on the right bank of the Kama. Dzerzhinsky and Ordzhonikidzevsky districts are located on two banks of the main Permian river. The smallest district - Leninsky, considered the main (central), and Motovilikhinsky (one of the largest) fit on the left bank of the Kama. There are also some of the youngest districts of Perm - - Industrial and Sverdlovsky.
The Perm Territory consists of 37 municipalitiesdistricts and 14 city districts(without the city of Perm).
Districts of the Perm Territory: Bardymsky, Berezovsky, Bolshesosnovsky, Vereshchaginsky, Gainsky, Gornozavodsky, Dobryansky, Elovsky, Ilyinsky, Karagaysky, Kishertsky, Kosinsky, Kochevsky, Krasnovishersky, Kudymkarsky, Kuedinsky, Kungursky, Lysvensky, Nytvensky, Oktyabrsky, Ordinsky, Osinsky, Okhansky, Ochersky, Permsky, Sivinsky, Solikamsky, Suksunsky, Uinsky, Usolsky, Tchaikovsky, Chastinsky, Cherdynsky, Chernushinsky, Chusovsky, Yurlinsky, Yusvinsky.
Urban districts of the Perm Territory (cityYes): Aleksandrovsk, Berezniki, Gremyachinsk, Gubakha, Dobryanka, Kizel, Krasnokamsk, Kudymkar, Kungur, Lysva, Solikamsk, Tchaikovsky, Chusovoy and ZATO 14 Zvezdny.
14 ZATO is a closed administrative-territorial formation, access to which is carried out only with a special pass.
Komi-Permyatsky District consists of the city of Kudymkar and 6 districts: Gainsky, Kosinsky, Kochevsky, Kudymkarsky, Yurlinsky and Yusvinsky.
CITY...
In the colored cells of the chainword- on thethe title of the city of the Perm region.
Note. In a chainword, the last letter of eachth word is the first letter of the word followingbehind him. Letters in a chainword grid- hint.
Questions:
1. "Ringing" flower. 2. Fairy Humpbacked. 3. Water flower. 4. Break in the performance. 5. Smoke comes out of it. 6. Summer month. 7, "Road" for pedestrians. 8. Mom and dad. 9. Football. 10. They make roads out of it. 11. Electricity.
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Streets Perm
In the dictionary of the Russian language call the streetthere are two rows of houses and the space between themmi, designed for passage and passage.
A long time ago, when Perm was Yegoshikha, there were no cars in it - they rode horses harnessed to carts, carriages and sleighs. There were no streets. Yes, the streets! There were few houses: first - one, then - three, then - five ...
When in 1781 the industrial settlement of Yegoshikha became the provincial city of Perm, a census was conducted in it to find out: how much, what and where. And it turned out: there are five streets in Perm, and there is one more lane. And on these streets and in the lane there are about 400 private and state-owned houses.
What is the main street in Perm? And here you may be surprised, because some residents of the present and past Perm considered the main street of the city ... Kama! 
And in fact, the description of the street is very suitable for our beautiful river: on the right and left banks there are houses, and between them they walk Plan of the city of Perm, 1998
ships, tugs, barges, boats.
However, the real streets, they are on the ground, on dry land.
The first streets of Perm were built along the Kama. The closest to the river was called Beregovoy. Then people changed its name: Coastal became the embankment. In the 19th (nineteenth) century, the Embankment was renamed
to the monastery. The renaming took place in honor of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery complex under construction on the street, in one of the parts of which the Perm Art Gallery is now located. On the street there were houses that belonged to the rich people of Perm: breeders and merchants. Factories, marinas and warehouses were located closer to the water - probably, therefore, in 1920 Monastyrskaya Street changed its name again: it became Trudovaya. From 1937 to the present, the street bears the name of Grigory 15 (Sergo) Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze. During the years of Soviet power, Sergo Ordzhonikidze led the country's heavy industry and visited the city of Perm.
15 Gregory is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "peppy."
One of the first streets of Perm - Siberian. In the 20th (twentieth) century, it bore the name of Karl 16 Marx, and then its historical name was returned to it. Initially, Sibirskaya Street was part of the main road to Siberia. The road was called: Siberian tract. Where the street turned into a highway, there was the border of the city of Perm. Here was located Siberiasky outpost. 
16 Karl - an ancient German word, translated into Russian means "brave".
Monastyrskaya street (Ordzhonikidze). Photo from the beginning of the 20th century.
In 1824, pillars were installed at the outpost, interconnected by a cast-iron chain. On them were images of bears, and these pillars were crowned with figures of eagles.
The outpost was built in honor of the arrival of the Russian emperor Alexander 17 1 in the provincial city of Perm. Now there is a memorial stele at this place.
17 Alexander is a Greek word, translated into Russian means "protector of people."
A large number of ancient buildings have survived to the present on Sibirskaya Street: the house of the Perm governor (at the intersection of Sibirskaya and Bolshevikskaya streets), the building of the Noble Assembly (at the intersection of Sibirskaya and Lunacharsky), the building
Perm Treasury Chamber 18 (at the intersection of Siberian and Lenin) and others. 
18 Officials who dealt with financial and judicial affairs of the Perm province served in the Treasury.
Sibirskaya street, Old Siberian outpost, 1914
And children are always welcome on Sibirskaya, because on this street there are: the main children's library of the Perm Territory (house number 11), the Perm Palace of Youth Creativity (house number 29), the Perm State Puppet Theater (house number 65), three schools and the Palace sports "Eaglet" (house number 47).
Now there are about 1500 streets in the city of Perm. Street is the main one. Lenin.
Streets are named by people. As a rule, in honor of someone or something. For example, some streets in Perm are named after cities. This is - Abakan, Brest, VolGogradskaya... Other streets are named after people who once ruled our country or another country, for example, Kuibyshev,Sverdlov, Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Other streets bear the names of the military, writers, artists: Frunze, Pushkin, Shishkin. There are also streets associated with professions:
Vodnikov, Metallurgists,Signalers. I wonder why streets appeared in Perm Cheerful and QuietSpring and Snow?
Boulevard Gagarin
The streets are straight and wide, small and narrow, long and decorated with avenues of bushes and flowers. Straight and wide streets these are brochures. Small and narrow lanes. Long streets can be called like a road, - highway. And the street with alleys is boulevard.
The most important thing is that there are houses on every street and avenue, in the alley and on the boulevard. And every home has a story. As, for example, in house number 11 on Ordzhonikidze street. This old house houses the Perm Regional Museum. Having visited it, you will be able to learn the whole history of the Perm region: from prehistoric times to Perm the Great, from the Perm province to the present day.
Streets old Perm
Having solved the puzzles, you will find out how the streets of the city of Perm were called in the old days - Sovetskaya and Kirov.
Permian
period
The phrase "Permian period" - according tounderstanding is geological.
Geology is a complex of sciences about the Earth: about itsstructure, composition and history. Also in the concept"geology" includes methods for finding usefulfossils.
Period is the period of time duringwhich something is happening.
In the history of planet Earth, there have been manydifferent periods, and all of them are calleddifferently.
R.I. Murchison
Perm can be proud that its namean entire geologic period has been namedbegan... 285 million years ago! And lastedXia... 55 million years!
The Permian system was discovered in1841 year.In that year, the Permian land was visited by Englandsky scientist-geologist Roderick Impey Murchison.What was his surprise when on the berehe discoverednot yet exploredwhom deposits - a lotancient rocks!
So for the first time in the world howling history in the geological appeared on the calendar name of the Russian region - "Perm".
And with misternym, by the way, in the Permprovince a little troublechilas. He traveled around the countyladies, got acquainted with the placesfactories and...
Fossil vertebrate of the Permian period
On the Silver Rivertributary of the Chusovaya, lodka in which Rode sailedrick murchison, flipsank ... drowned geologistin the river and clocks and pipesku, and a bag. Saved headsnoe - notebookwith my observationsdiscoveries. Here's howwow!
Introduction
Geography of the Perm Region
Vishera Reserve
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
In order to preserve the most significant natural complexes in the Perm region, 2 reserves of the federal level, 31 regional reserves, including 5 landscape, 1 ornithological, 18 biological (hunting) and 7 biological micro-reserves have been created, 189 natural monuments have been taken under protection.
The list of protected natural territories and objects of the Perm Region includes natural parks, dendrological parks, botanical gardens, natural reserves, historical and natural and cultural and natural areas and sites, ethno-cultural territories, protected landscapes, suburban and green areas, forests, parks and other green areas. plantations of settlements, natural healing resources, health-improving areas and resorts, rare and endangered species of animals, plants, fungi and lichens included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the Red Book of the Middle Urals (within the Perm Region).
In total, there are 387 specially protected natural areas in the Perm region, their total area exceeds 1.1 million hectares, which is about 9 percent of the region's territory. The distribution of specially protected territories in the Perm Region is extremely uneven: there are 25 of them in the Krasnovishersky District, 26 in the Solikamsky District, 57 in the Cherdynsky District, and one each in the Permsky, Vereshchaginsky, Elovsky and Chastinsky Districts.
The legal regime of specially protected natural territories and objects of regional and local significance is regulated by the legislation of the Perm Region: the Law of the Perm Region "On the Protection of the Environment of the Perm Region" dated June 20, 1996 and the Law of the Perm Region "On the Historical, Cultural and Natural Heritage of the Perm Region" dated February 20, 1997.
Geography of the Perm Region
The Perm Region occupies an area of 160,236.5 square kilometers on the eastern edge of the Russian Plain and the western slope of the Middle and Northern Urals, at the junction of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. It covers approximately 1/5 of the territory of the Ural economic region and is, as it were, the eastern "outpost" of Europe, 99.8% of which belongs to this part of the world and only 0.2% to Asia. The territory of the region is almost completely located in the basin of the Kama River - the largest tributary of the Volga River. Kama, through a system of canals, provides access by water to five seas (Caspian, Azov, Black, Baltic and White). The maximum length of the region from north to south is 645 km, from west to east - 417.5 km. The northernmost point of the Kama region - Mount Pura-Munit (1094 m) on the watershed Ural Range in the upper reaches of the Khozya, Vishera and Purma rivers - has coordinates 61o 39 "N. "s. w). The extreme point in the west is a kilometer northeast of height 236, on the watershed of the rivers Lepyu, Peles, Kazhim at 51o47 "E, in the east - the highest point of the Khoza-Tump ridge, Mount Rakht-Sori-Syakhl (1007 m) under 59o29" in. e. The borders are very winding, their length is more than 2, 2 thousand km. The region borders on two regions and three republics of the Russian Federation: in the north with the Komi Republic, in the west - with the Kirovka region and Udmurtia, in the south with Bashkiria, in the east - with the Sverdlovsk region.
The Perm region was formed on October 3, 1938 by separation from the Sverdlovsk region. As of the beginning of 1995, there were 36 administrative districts, 25 cities (including 13 regional subordination), 56 urban-type settlements and 516 rural councils in the region.
Specially protected natural territories of the Perm region
As of 2007, there are 375 specially protected natural areas in the Perm region, which occupy about 10% of the region's territory. Of these, 325 are at the regional (regional) level, 48 are local and 2 are federal.
In 2004, work was almost completed to improve the regulatory framework for existing, specially protected, natural areas (PAs) of regional (regional) significance and outlined ways to develop the system of protected areas in the region.
Decree of the Governor of the Perm Region No. 163 dated June 26, 2001 “On Clarification of the Status, Category, Boundaries and Protection Regime of Specially Protected Natural Territories” amended the characteristics and protection regime of more than 70% of protected areas. Including: the protection regime 228 was established or changed, the boundaries 220 were approved or changed, the categories 130 were changed, the status was removed from 123, the status of 25 protected areas was changed. The purpose of the changes is to improve the quality of protection and expand the possibility of using protected areas in environmental education activities. As part of the implementation of the decree, 212 protected area passports were issued and approved. Taking into account the Decree of the Governor of the region dated June 26, 2001 No. 163 “On clarifying the status, category, boundaries and regime of protection of specially protected natural areas”, we can talk about a radical update of the regulatory framework for specially protected natural areas in the Perm Region.
The need to make additions and changes to the existing regulatory legal acts (decisions of the regional administration dated April 28, 1981 No. 81 “On measures to ensure the safety of wild plants and botanical monuments of nature”, dated June 7, 1988 No. 139 “On measures to ensure the safety of monuments nature of the Perm region”, dated 12.12.91 No. 285 “On granting the status of protected natural areas to objects and landscapes of the Perm region”) is caused by a number of reasons: the inconsistency of the above decisions with the current environmental legislation of the Russian Federation and the Perm region, the lack of approved borders and protection regime in 60% of protected areas.
The purpose of these changes is to improve the quality of protection and the possibility of using protected areas in environmental education activities. The current state of the PAs in the region is shown in Tables 11.1 and 11.2
The Governor of the Perm Region signed Decree No. 188 dated 01.08.2001 “On the reservation of lands for the organization of specially protected natural areas for 2001-2015”, according to which lands were reserved for 20 protected areas with an area of 234.2 thousand hectares. According to this decree, a project was prepared for the organization of the Oslyansky landscape reserve.
In 2001, work began on the restoration of the unique historical and natural complex "Kuzminka" in the village. Ilinskoe. The park has tree plantations more than a century old.
In 2002, it is planned to develop projects for the organization of new PAs on the Chusovaya and Berezovaya rivers, as well as to continue work on the arrangement of PAs of recreational importance, including the Kuzminki complex.
Table 1
Specially protected natural territories of the Perm region
Specially protected natural territories | Square | |||
| from the area of protected areas | from area area |
|||
| Federal level: | 2 | 279157, 0 | 22, 5 | 2, 19 |
| reserves | 2 | 279157, 0 | 22, 5 | 2, 19 |
| Regional (regional) level: | 325 | 954698, 45 | 76, 8 | 7, 5 |
| Preserves: | 32 | 569729, 9 | 45, 8 | 4, 5 |
| - landscape | 6 | 129715, 0 | 10, 4 | 1, 02 |
| - ornithological | 7 | 122, 9 | 0, 01 | 0, 001 |
| - biological, hunting | 19 | 439912, 0 | 35, 39 | 3, 45 |
| Monuments of nature: | 166 | 11621, 85 | 0, 9 | 0, 1 |
| - complex and landscape | 75 | 5463, 5 | 0, 44 | 0, 04 |
| - botanical | 36 | 4436, 5 | 0, 36 | 0, 03 |
| - geological | 47 | 608, 95 | 0, 049 | 0, 005 |
| - hydrological | 7 | 1112, 9 | 0, 7 | 0, 009 |
| - zoological | 1 | Not defined. | - | - |
| 33 | 6161, 7 | 0, 49 | 0, 05 | |
| Protected natural landscapes | 81 | 364720, 2 | 29, 3 | 2, 9 |
| Natural reserves: | 12 | 3900, 9 | 0, 3 | 0, 03 |
| - landscape | 7 | 611, 2 | 0, 049 | 0, 005 |
| - botanical | 5 | 3289, 7 | 0, 26 | 0, 03 |
| botanical gardens | 1 | 27, 5 | 0, 002 | 0, 0002 |
| Local (district, city) level | 48 | 9339, 49 | 0, 75 | 0, 07 |
| Monuments of nature | 11 | 6, 58 | 0, 0005 | 0, 0001 |
| - landscape | 1 | 0, 28 | 0, 00002 | 0, 000002 |
| - geological | 10 | 6, 3 | 0, 001 | 0, 0001 |
| nature reserves | 9 | 3170, 95 | 0, 26 | 0, 02 |
| - landscape | 3 | 2363, 4 | 0, 19 | 0, 02 |
| - botanical | 5 | 802, 55 | 0, 06 | 0, 006 |
| - zoological | 1 | 5, 0 | 0, 0004 | 0, 00004 |
| History - natural guarded complexes: | 3 | 7, 8 | 0, 001 | 0, 0001 |
| -Protected natural landscapes | 20 | 4467, 0 | 0, 36 | 0, 04 |
| -settlement park | 4 | 833, 16 | 0, 07 | 0, 007 |
| -Protection zone of local importance | 1 | 854, 0 | 0, 07 | 0, 007 |
| Total | 1243194, 94 | 100 | 9, 8 |
table 2
Distribution of protected areas by administrative territories of the region
| District, city | Number of protected areas, | PA area | ||
% of area administrative unit |
||||
| Aleksandrovsk | 5513 | 16 | 38137, 8 | 6, 9 |
| Bardymsky district | 2382 | 7 | 11758, 4 | 4, 9 |
| Berezniki | 401, 7 | 3 | 3471, 0 | 8, 6 |
| Berezovsky district | 1977 | 3 | 283, 6 | 0, 1 |
| Bolshesosnovsky district | 2220 | 19 | 22520, 0 | 10, 1 |
| Vereshchaginsky district | 1621 | 1 | 215, 0 | 0, 1 |
| Gornozavodsky district | 7057 | 16 | 50871, 3 | 7, 2 |
| Gremyachinsk | 1114, 7 | 3 | 17778, 5 | 15, 9 |
| Gubakha | 1009 | 12 | 11152, 5 | 11, 1 |
| Dobryansky district | 5192 | 17 | 52459, 9 | 10, 1 |
| Elovsky district | 1449 | 1 | 689, 0 | 0, 5 |
| Ilyinsky district | 3069 | 6 | 5913, 95 | 1, 9 |
| Karagay district | 2394 | 6 | 30609, 1 | 12, 8 |
| Kizel | 1390 | 2 | 8, 1 | 0, 006 |
| Kishertsky district | 1412 | 21 | 20301, 4 | 14, 4 |
| Krasnovishersky district | 15375 | 23 | 388641, 0 | 25, 3 |
| Krasnokamsk | 958 | 6 | 2001, 4 | 2, 1 |
| Kuedinsky district | 2616 | 4 | 45128, 2 | 17, 3 |
| Kungursky district | 4416 | 19 | 27542, 9 | 6, 2 |
| Lysvensky district | 3695, 9 | 18 | 3113, 7 | 0, 8 |
| Nytvensky district | 1656 | 4 | 2768, 6 | 1, 7 |
| Oktyabrsky district | 3444 | 2 | 12001, 5 | 3, 5 |
| Ordinsky district | 1418 | 2 | 3, 0 | 0, 002 |
| Osinsky district | 2057 | 5 | 12493, 6 | 6, 1 |
| Okhansky district | 1516 | 5 | 32430, 2 | 21, 4 |
| Ochersky district | 1330 | 13 | 19262, 5 | 14, 5 |
| Perm | 798 | 8 | 4251, 86 | 5, 3 |
| Perm region | 3900 | 1 | 20, 0 | 0, 005 |
| Sivinsky district | 2517 | 2 | 129, 5 | 0, 05 |
| Solikamsk district | 5421 | 25 | 51817, 7 | 9, 6 |
| Suksunsky district | 1677 | 9 | 8451, 07 | 5, 04 |
| Uinsky district | 1555 | 8 | 38738, 0 | 24, 9 |
| Usolsky district | 4666 | 11 | 40867, 2 | 8, 8 |
| Chaikovsky district | 2124 | 3 | 29594, 0 | 13, 9 |
| Chastinsky district | 1632 | 1 | There is no data | - |
| Cherdynsky district | 20872 | 55 | 254111, 88 | 12, 2 |
| Chernushinsky district | 1676 | 4 | 1065, 0 | 0, 6 |
| Chusovsky district | 3504, 8 | 19 | 2592, 58 | 0, 7 |
| Total | 127336, 5 | 380 | 1243194, 94 | 9, 8 |
Vishera Reserve
Vishera State Nature Reserve was established in February 1991. and is located in the extreme north-east of the Perm region. The area of the reserve is 241,200 hectares, which is 15.6% of the area of the Krasnovishersky district and 1.5% of the region.
The reserve includes the catchment area of the upper reaches of the river. Vishera with tributaries - rivers: Vels, Capelin, Lypya, Niols, Lopya, Khalsoriya.
In structural and tectonic terms, the territory of the reserve belongs to the Central Ural uplift, which is represented by the Riphean metamorphosed sedimentary complexes, saturated with intrusive formations and the West Ural folding zone, formed by Paleozoic carbonate complexes.
The processes of karst formation are intensively manifested here: karst funnels, dry valleys, diving rivers. There are also caves, quite extended, studied very poorly.
The contrast of rocks in terms of stability and the ongoing processes of mountain building have led to the formation of a sharply dissected mountainous country with elevation changes of 800-1200 m. The maximum height above sea level is 1469.8 m (Mount Tulym).
The climate of the reserve is continental boreal type, characterized by moderately warm summers and long cold winters. The average annual air temperature is 2.00С, the average temperature in January is -19.00С, in July +15.00С. The duration of the warm season is 160-170 days. The average soil temperature is +5, 00C. The average annual pressure is about 710.3 mmHg. The annual rainfall is 1000 mm. Of the special atmospheric phenomena, fogs (190-200 days a year), thunderstorms, and snowstorms stand out.
The mountain flora of the Vishera Urals occupies an intermediate position between the Arctic and boreal floras and is similar to the flora of the Polar Urals and the Bolshezemelskaya tundra. About 528 species of higher vascular plants are found on the territory of the reserve, of which about two dozen are listed in the Red Book of the Middle Urals: Helma minuartia, Shiverekia Podolskaya, Perm anemone, Alpine aster, Venus slipper spotted, two-leafed lyubka, night violet, pink Rhodiola, evading peony other. The list of mosses includes about 100 species, the list of lichens - 286, of which 2 are rare.
The fauna of invertebrates is practically not studied. According to estimates for the north-east of the European part, the number of insect species in the reserve is about 8200.
The fauna of vertebrate animals of the reserve has a typical taiga appearance with common habitats in the same area of typical European (pine marten, European mink) and Siberian (Siberian salamander, nutcracker, red-backed vole, sable) species. In some areas, there are inhabitants of open steppe (field harrier, kestrel, common mole) and near-water (great merganser, carrier) spaces; amphibious species (grass and moor frogs, beaver, muskrat, otter) and species characteristic of the tundra zone (white and tundra partridge, arctic fox, reindeer).
The fauna of the reserve is characterized by 3 species of amphibians and reptiles, 6 species of fish, 143 species of birds and 35 species of mammals.
The fish recorded on the territory of the reserve belong to three faunal complexes - Arctic, Ponto-Caspian and boreal-plain. Most species are cold-loving, there are glacial relics. The most numerous and widespread are: river minnow, grayling, less often - taimen, sculpin.
The avifauna of the reserve is unique; this was the reason for the allocation of this area to a special ornithological district - Repeisky. A number of nesting, vagrant and migratory birds (golden plover, merlin, chrustan, garnish, waxwing, bluetail, yellow-winged warbler, scurry, etc.) are characteristic only for the territory of the reserve and are extremely rare in other areas of the Perm region.
On the territory of the reserve there are bird species listed in the Red Book of the Middle Urals: black-throated auk, lesser white-fronted eagle, whooper swan, osprey, greater spotted eagle, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, merlin, eagle owl, pygmy owl, hawk owl, gray owl.
During 2001, the reserve carried out work on the protection of the territory, scientific research, environmental propaganda and education.
During 2001, the department of protection of the reserve detained 8 violators of the reserve regime. Three new cordons began to function (on the Lypya farm, at the mouth of the Listvennichny stream and Toshemka). Compared to previous years, the number of violations of the reserve regime has decreased.
In the past year, the scientific department carried out winter counts of commercial mammals; work was carried out on the account of birds; for the study of lichens and mosses; works on hydrobiology; phenological and meteorological observations were made.
In the past year, entomological research was continued at the scientific apiary (the study of the Vishera superrace of bees with the aim of creating an apidological reserve as an integral part of the protected area).
Basegi State Nature Reserve
The Basegi State Nature Reserve was organized in 1982 with the aim of preserving and studying the natural complexes of the native mid-taiga spruce-fir forests located on the slopes of the Basegi ridge (Western spurs of the Ural Range).
The reserve is located on the territory of the Gornozavodsky and Gremyachinsky districts of the Perm region. Geographic coordinates - 58050`s. sh. and 58030`v. e. The area of the reserve is 37,957 hectares, the area of the protected zone is 21,345 hectares.
The territory of the Basegi reserve is located within the western macroslope of the Main Ural Range. The central line of the reserve stretches from north to south along the Basegi ridge, which looks like well-isolated mountain peaks of the Northern Basega (952 m above sea level), the Middle Basega (994 m) and the Southern Basega (851 m).
The ridge itself is a watershed of the Usva and Vilva rivers (tributaries of the Chusovaya River) and has a well-defined altitudinal zonality, which determines the species composition and characteristics of flora and fauna. There are mountain-forest, subalpine, mountain-tundra altitudinal belts. The latter, represented by a unique mountain tundra, is the most valuable and most vulnerable natural complex. The reserve includes valuable primary fir-spruce forests, in general, their area is up to 30% of the forest area of the reserve. This is one of the preserved natural taiga massifs in the Middle Urals.
Features of the low-mountain relief, continental climate and other environmental factors formed the typical flora and fauna characteristic of this type of middle taiga landscapes.
1214 species of higher and lower plants are described on the territory of the reserve, among them: flowering - 440 species, gymnosperms - 6 species, ferns - 23, club mosses - 4, horsetails - 6, moss - 230, lichens - 98, fungi - 186, algae - 302 species. Among all this diversity of plants, more than 50 species are rare, including endemics and relics, and 27 species are listed in the red books of various ranks. The animal world is no less diverse. To date, 47 species of mammals, 182 species of birds, 1 species of reptiles, 3 species of amphibians, 16 species of fish, and more than a thousand species of invertebrates are known.
Over the years of the existence of the reserve, a system for monitoring the natural environment has been developed, which is carried out according to the standard program for maintaining the Chronicle of Nature. The observation system includes components of the natural environment: relief, weather, water, soil, flora and vegetation, fauna and fauna, the calendar of nature, the state of the reserve regime and the influence of anthropogenic factors, and others.
The year 2001 was characterized by warm and comparatively dry climatic indicators. No large anomalous deviations in the state of the abiotic environment were observed. The state of living biota, according to the criteria of abundance and the nature of manifestations of vital activity, can be characterized as close to average long-term norms with small deviations that do not go beyond the average statistical deviations.
There are 10 inspectors in the reserve's security service. In 2001, the Forest Protection Inspectorate carried out a series of forest management and protected regime activities, and participated in general accounting work. Employees of the department detained 5 violators of the reserved regime, seized one smooth-bore weapon.
In the reporting year, poaching and trapping of large ungulates and predatory animals, rare species of fauna, as well as fires in the protected area and adjacent to its borders, were not registered.
The scientific department employs 3 permanent researchers and 3 laboratory assistants. During 2001, the research staff spent 384 people on field work. day.
Works on the creation of cadastral information on rare species of animals and plants of the Gornozavodsky district of the Perm region were completed; preparation of a poster and a brochure for the protected areas of the Gornozavodsky district.
Conclusion
Comprehensive protection of cultural heritage in Russia was for the first time included in the sphere of state regulation only after new political forces came to power in October 1917, proclaiming other principles of state structure, radically changing the entire state apparatus. In the Perm region, the first effective body - the Perm provincial section for the protection of monuments of art and antiquity - was formed in June 1920. The number of employees then included only 3 instructors. At present, the Regional Research and Production Center for the Protection and Use of Historical and Cultural Monuments (OTsOP) exercises control over the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments.
There are 2331 monuments (2507 objects) in the state register in the Perm region. Works have been organized to restore a number of cultural heritage sites in the Solikamsk and Cherdyn districts of the region, Perm, Osa, Usolye, etc.
Among them are landscape (for example, the White Moss rocks in the Cherdyn region, Vetlan and the Talking Stone in the Krasnovishersky region, Stone Town in the Gremyachinsky region), geological (Gubakhinskaya and Ordinskaya caves) and hydrological natural monuments (Ermakov spring in Cherdyn). As well as protected landscapes (Kapkan-gora in Chernushka, Kvarkush and Polyudov stone in Krasnovishersk, Adovo Lake in Gainy), zoological (Guselnikovsky in the Kishertsky district) and botanical nature reserves (PSU Botanical Garden), botanical natural monuments (Zyukay cliff in the Karagaysky district , Veslyansky pine forest in Gainy), historical and natural complexes (Grafsky pine forest in Kishertsky district, Kuvinsky pine forest in Kudymkarsky district, Kungur ice cave and Ice Mountain).
A regime of special protection will be established on the territory of these natural monuments. For example, construction, logging (with the exception of sanitary), disposal of industrial and domestic waste, geological exploration, which can lead to violation of the soil and vegetation cover, and animal habitats, will be prohibited here. At the same time, visiting these territories for recreational and educational purposes will not be prohibited. For most objects, the boundaries of specially protected territories are defined. For all natural monuments, the regional ministry of urban planning and infrastructure development during the current year must issue security obligations and passports.
Bibliography
1. Animitsa E.G. Cities of the Middle Urals. Past present Future. - Sverdlovsk, 2008.
2. Dmitriev A. Essays on the history of the provincial city of Perm from the foundation of the settlement until 1845. - Perm, 1889.
3. Dmitriev A. Perm antiquity: Sat. history and stat. mat. mainly about the Perm region. Issue 2: Great Perm in the 17th century. - Perm, 1890.
4. Zalkind I.E. and Nechaev Yu.A. Limestone, dolomite and gypsum in the Perm region. - Perm, 2008.
5. Permyak E. My land. - M., 2004.
Working programm
optional course of local history
The program is designed to implement
in 2015-2016 academic year
Explanatory note
The local history course "Perm Region" is designed for students in grades 4-5 of the basic school and can be used for pre-profile training.
Purpose of the course: to orient students to the ecological and local history profile, to develop and consolidate the already formed interest of children in history and local history.
At the end of the course, students should know:
Historical sources on the history of the Kama region;
Formation of the indigenous population;
The main events of national history and their influence in the Kama region;
History of cities and towns;
Famous people of the region
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
Find sources of information;
Arrange events in chronological order;
Correlate the events of the history of the Kama region with the events of national history;
Draw conclusions based on the information received.
The course is designed for 34 teaching hours. The first topic introduces students to the origin, history of the settlement of the Kama region by people. Other topics are the history of settlements in the Perm region: cities, towns, villages. Through the history of settlements, students get acquainted with the most striking events, cultural monuments, historical figures, the history of enterprises of the Kama region.
The course involves working with historical sources, organizing various types of games, excursions around the native land, watching videos, using multimedia tools, and creative activity of students.
In the process of working on the course, students get an idea of the individual economic, social and environmental problems of their region.
Of great educational importance is the material on the development of charity and patronage in the Kama region.
Lines from poems, texts of historical documents, illustrative material, articles from newspapers: district "Parma", "Parma-news" were selected as epigraphs for the course lessons from various sources.
The stages of individual classes have a vocational orientation. Students get acquainted with the history, faculties and specialization of individual educational institutions of the Perm Territory.
In the course of individual classes, tasks of a project nature are included, students are working on a project for an excursion “Around the cities of the Kama region”.
Various forms of homework:
Draw a picture on the topic;
Compose a quiz, crossword puzzle, rebus, etc.;
Select articles and illustrative material from newspapers and magazines on the topic;
Write a poem etc.
The form of an optional course creates a situation of success for students. The absence of a 5-point system for evaluating the student's work contributes to the formation of the student's personality based on the positive aspects of his nature, natural inclinations and inclinations. One of the ways to encourage the student's work can be a "token system", i.e., the purposeful and consistent use of the reward system through the awarding of tokens for correct answers, showing initiative, and the ability to cooperate in a group.
Various types of reflection will be used to develop self-assessment skills.
Topic 1. Introduction.
What is local history. Why do you need to know the history of your region? History of the Perm Territory.
Topic 2. Ancient Prikamye.
Perm region: its development and settlement. The monument of archeology is the Talitsky site. The Secret of the Written Stone. Prikamye in the Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages. The work of the ancient metallurgists of the Kama region. Glyadenovtsy are ancient farmers of the land of Perm.
Topic 3. Cherdyn - the ancient capital of the Urals.
Cherdyn is the most ancient city of the Kama region. The Cherdyn Kremlin is the first Kremlin in the Urals. Legend of Polyud. Imprisonment. John the Theologian Monastery is the first monastery in the Kama region. Nikolskaya Church is a monument of stone architecture. The Church of the Transfiguration from the village of Yanidor is a monument of wooden architecture of the Khokhlovka Museum. Nyroblag is the place of exile of K. Voroshilov, O. Mandelstam.
Topic 4. Solikamsk-town - a corner of Moscow.
Solikamsk is the main city of Prikamye in the 17th century. Eminent people Stroganovs. Ural salt production. Organization of Yermak's campaign by the Stroganovs.
Topic 5. Usolye-grad - brother to Petersburg.
Usolye architecture: the Stroganovs' chambers. The architect is a native of Usolye. Landing of the Vostok-2 spacecraft in the Usolsk taiga.
Topic 6. From the annals of the Kungur Land.
The first mining department in the Urals. V. Tatishchev. Kungur merchants - Khlebnikov, Yegorov, Gubkin, Gribushin. Architecture of Kungur. The governor's house is the first stone building of Kungur. The architect's Gostiny Dvor is a symbol of merchant power. Kungur churches - Tikhvinskaya, Assumption, Transfiguration, Nikolskaya. Kungur Ice Cave: history of development. Legends were the Kungur Ice Cave. in Kungur.
Topic 7. Perm: from its foundation to the present day.
Foundation of the Egoshikha plant. . Perm is a provincial city. The Peter and Paul Cathedral is the first stone building in Perm. Perm and its wonderful people. Perm Governor -. "Holy Doctor". "Russian American". Radio inventor. Engineer, scientist, inventor. Entrepreneur and philanthropist. Perm today.
Topic 8. Perm art gallery. Perm Museum of Local Lore.
Russian painting. Foreign art. Iconography. Russian avant-garde. Perm wooden sculpture.
Perm Museum of Local Lore. Folk toy. Stone cutting craftsmanship. Household items of the inhabitants of the Kama region. Perm animal style.
Topic 9. Topic 10. Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region
Foundation of the Novo-Nikolskaya fortress. Pugachevtsy under Osa. Okhan meteorite. Park of the Permian period in Ocher. Museum of helmets and spoons in Nytva. Suksun samovars.
Topic 11. Young cities of the Kama region.
Berezniki is the center of the chemical industry. Krasnokamsk Pulp and Paper Mill. Tchaikovsky is the youngest city in the Kama region. Construction of the Votkinskaya hydroelectric power station.
Topic 12. Repetition. The game "I'm proud of you, my Kama region ..."
Topic 13. Uinsky district.
Natural and climatic features of the Uinsky district. National composition. Uinsky district: from the first settlement to the present day - the main stages of history. Famous people of the region.
Topic 14. The village of Aspa is my small homeland.
Natural and climatic features of the village. National composition. Aspa: from its foundation to the present day - the main stages of history. famous people of the village.
Topic 15. Ecological and local history excursion around the village of Aspy.
Excursion route: school, Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk church, monuments to fallen heroes, school.
Topic 16. Native side.
Game on the toponymy of the Uinsky district "Native Side".
Topic 17. Final repetition.
Repetition and consolidation of the acquired knowledge in the course "Pages of the history of the Perm Land".
Thematic planning
Topic of the lesson | Proposed forms and methods of organizing activities | ||
Introduction. | |||
Ancient Prikamye. | Work with the map, atlases of the Perm region. | ||
Cherdyn is the ancient capital of the Urals. | Multimedia presentation in PowerPoint. | ||
Solikamsk-town - a corner of Moscow. | Work with atlases of the Perm region. Working with handouts "Salt factory" | ||
Usolye-grad is a brother to Petersburg. | Work with atlases of the Perm region. Student's report on the landing of the Vostok-2 spacecraft in the Usolsk taiga. | ||
From the annals of the Kungur Land. | Work with the historical source "From Travel Notes". Multimedia presentation "Products of stone-cutting art". Student's report about Tatishchev. | ||
Perm: from its foundation to the present day. | Work with atlases of the Perm region. Work with the historical source "From the decree of Catherine the Great". Student messages about,. | ||
Perm art gallery. Perm Museum of Local Lore. | Video film (virtual tour) "Perm Art Gallery", "Perm Museum of Local Lore". Working with illustrative material. Repetition. Quiz "Perm - my city, your city, our city." | ||
Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region. | Work with atlases of the Perm region. Work with the textbook "My Perm Territory". Student messages. Working with illustrative material. | ||
Young cities of the Kama region. | Work with the map, atlases of the Perm region. Work as a textbook "My Perm Territory". | ||
Repetition. The game "I'm proud of you, my Kama region." | Team game on the history and sights of the cities of the Kama region. | ||
Wine region. | Students' messages about famous people of the Uinsky district. Excursion to the regional museum of local lore. | ||
Aspa village is my small homeland | Conversation. Multimedia presentation "Aspa is my little side". | ||
Ecological and local history excursion around the village. Aspa. | Excursion route: school, museum of special settlers, architectural monument Church of the Transfiguration, monuments to fallen heroes, museum of wooden sculpture in Parmailovo, school. | ||
Native side. | Quiz "Native side" (according to the toponymy of the Uinsky district). | ||
Final repetition. |
Literature for students.
Main:
Prikamye: pages of distant and near times. Permian. "Book World", 2003
Prikamye: pages of distant and near times. Workbook. Permian. "Book World", 2004
Atlas of the Perm region. Geography. Story. Moscow. Publishing house DIK, 1999
Additional:
Pages of the history of the land of Perm. Permian. "Book World", 1995
Pages of the history of the land of Perm. Workbook. Part one. Permian. "Book World", 1997
Pages of the history of the land of Perm. Part two. Permian. "Book World", 1997
Pages of the history of the land of Perm. Workbook. Part two. Permian. "Book World", 1998
A book for reading on the history of the Kama region. Perm Kizhnoye Publishing House, 1984
Literature for the teacher.
Historical miniatures about the Permian Land. Perm, 1998
S. Barkov. Tourism in the Perm region. -Perm", 2002
V. Oborin. Ancient art of the peoples of the Kama region. Perm animal style. Perm book publishing house, 1976
The city of Perm, its past and present. Perm "Cannon", 2002
G. Shiryakina. Far close. Perm, 2001
Teaching history and social studies № 3,10. 2004
T. Romashchenko. My home is home. Perm, 1984
From the annals of the Kungur Land. Perm, 1967
V. Mikhailyuk. City of white birches. Perm, 1982
G. Chagin. Cherdyn. Perm, 1972
Fundamentals of heraldry. Perm, 2002
Explanatory note
The upbringing of a citizen who loves his Motherland cannot do without studying his native land. Love for the native land, knowledge of its history, culture, traditions - this is the basis on which the growth of the spiritual culture of the whole society is carried out. Propaganda of local lore becomes a necessity in the modern school. The participation of schoolchildren in local history activities increases their self-awareness, develops artistic taste, aesthetic appreciation, cultivates respect for the culture and history of their people, a sense of gratitude for the older generation, creates opportunities for self-realization of students in the process of this socially useful, exciting, noble work.
In the new educational standards, a special role is assigned to spiritual, moral and civil-patriotic education, and special attention is paid to civil-patriotic work with the younger generation by the state.
This program is aimed at the formation of patriotism among the younger generation of the Perm Territory and corresponds to the tasks defined in the new educational standards, the "Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of a citizen of the Russian Federation" and the draft State program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2016-2020".
The program "My Perm Territory" was compiled for students of the 5th grade of secondary schools and is supported by a textbook of the same name, a textbook published by the Knizhny Mir publishing house in 2015.
The objectives of the program: to educate a citizen of Russia, a patriot of a small homeland, who knows and loves his land, city, village (its traditions, monuments of nature, history and culture) and who wants to take an active part in its development.
The content of the program involves the solution of the following tasks:
Tutorials:
To form students' ideas about the historical past and present of our region; about personalities who left a noticeable mark in history; about the contribution made by compatriots to the historical and cultural heritage of the city, region, country;
To instill in schoolchildren the skills and abilities of search activities: to teach to observe and describe facts, to systematize the collected material, to draw it up;
Developing:
Develop communication skills and abilities in the process of communication, learn to work in groups, coordinate activities, teach analysis and introspection:
Expand the historical horizons of students;
Educational:
Contribute to the awakening of interest and respect for the historical, cultural and natural values of the region;
To cultivate the ability to build positive interpersonal relationships with the surrounding society;
To promote the formation of a socially active, moral personality with civic consciousness.
Planned results of the program development:
Personal Outcomes
Development of national values, traditions, culture of the native land;
Orientation in the system of moral norms and values;
Fundamentals of socio-critical thinking, orientation in the features of social relations and interactions, establishing the relationship between social and political events;
Consciousness, recognition of the high value of life in all its manifestations.
Communication results
Ability to take into account different opinions and strive to coordinate various positions in cooperation;
The ability to formulate one's own opinion and position, argue and coordinate it with the positions of partners in cooperation in developing a common solution in joint activities;
Ability to establish and compare different points of view before making decisions and making choices;
The ability to argue one's point of view, argue and defend one's position in a way that is not hostile to opponents;
The ability to ask questions necessary for organizing one's own activities and cooperation with a partner;
The ability to adequately use speech to plan and regulate their activities;
Ability to work in a group - establish working relationships, collaborate effectively and promote productive cooperation; integrate into a peer group and build productive interactions with peers and adults.
Cognitive results
Fundamentals of the implementation of design and research activities;
Supervision under the guidance of a teacher;
Implementation of an extended search for information using the resources of libraries and the Internet;
Fundamentals of introductory, creative, assimilative and critical reading.
Regulatory results:
Goal-setting as setting a learning task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned by the students, and what is still unknown;
Planning - determining the sequence of intermediate goals, taking into account the final result; drawing up a plan and sequence of actions;
Forecasting - anticipation of the result and the level of assimilation, its temporal characteristics;
Control in the form of comparing the method of action and its result with a given standard in order to detect deviations and differences from the standard;
Correction - making the necessary additions and adjustments to the plan and method of action in the event of a discrepancy between the standard, the real action and its product;
Evaluation - the selection and awareness by students of what has already been learned and what is still to be mastered, awareness of the quality and level of assimilation;
Volitional self-regulation as the ability to mobilize forces and energy; the ability to volitional effort - to make a choice in a situation of motivational conflict and to overcome obstacles.
The program involves the organization of interaction with institutions (archives, museums, exhibition halls) and individuals (local historians, collectors), as well as the use of domestic tourism resources.
Program content
Introduction (1 hour).
Inclusion in the new section of knowledge, the connection of this course with the study of other courses and educational areas, the inseparability of the history of the region from the history of Russia and other countries. Acquaintance with the course, study guide, its features, rules for using it.
Topic 1. Ancient Prikamye. (5 o'clock).
The task of the topic: the formation of an understanding of the historical roots of the region, the characteristics of its settlement, the uniqueness of its culture. Acquaintance with the peculiarities of the history and life of the indigenous population of the Kama region, their culture, traditions, way of life.
Basic concepts and terms: archeology and archaeological monument, chronology, Permian period, geology, geological era, Stone Age, Cro-Magnon man, Written stone, Iron Age, Permian animal style, metallurgy, sacred animal, Khanty, Mansi, Komi-Permyaks, toponymy, sanctuary, legend, legend, Parma, utensils, ethnography, chronicle, canonization, bishop, baptism, Christianity, paganism, amulets, Perm gods (wooden sculpture).
Persons: Roderick Impey Murchison, Stefan Velikopermsky (Permsky).
Let's look through the eyes of a historian. What the science of history studies, auxiliary historical sciences, why history cannot be corrected or written. Who are historians. Account of years in history (chronology). The history of the people, the history of the region.
Permian period. Geology is the assistant of history. geological periods. Permian period and the role of R.I. Murchison in his discovery. Permian lizards.
Stone Age of the Kama region. The appearance of the region in ancient times. Discovery of primitive human settlements on the territory of the Kama region. Archaeological monuments in the territory of the Kama region, their protection. The life of ancient people in the Kama region.
Metal Ages. The transition from the Stone Age to the Ages of Metals, the improvement of hunting and farming tools. Who are the miracles. The concept of the Perm animal style. The time of creation of objects of the Permian animal style. The reasons for its appearance. Legends and tales associated with the most common sacred animals in the Kama region. Written stone and other Ural inscriptions
Who lives, he gives names. The concept of toponymy. Origin of the word "Perm". The peoples who inhabited the Kama region in antiquity and live here at the present time. Russian exploration of the Ural lands. Transition from paganism to Christianity. The role of Stephen of Great Perm in the Christianization of the Kama region. Perm wooden sculpture.
Topic 2. Capital relay race (6 hours)
The task of the topic: acquaintance with the historical facts of the emergence and development of historical cities of the Perm land, at different times the former regional capital of the Kama region.
Supporting concepts and terms: fortress, prison, settlement, estate, kremlin, settlement, settlement, cathedral, barn, architecture, monument city, crafts and artisans, raids, salt mining, patrimony, icon painting, ataman, khanate, chronicler and chronicle, tent, rock salt, magnesium, botanical garden, greenhouse. systematics, Turkic peoples, tract. charity, merchants, guild, gostiny dvor, selenite, stone-cutting art, stalactite, stalagmite, plant-settlement, spelt, peasant war, diorama, meteorite, coat of arms, heraldry, etc.
Personalities: Stroganovs, Demidovs, Artemy Babinov, Ivan IV (Grozny). Romanovs, Peter I, Yermak, Khan Kuchum, K. Ryleev, Pavel I, the Kalinnikov brothers, Golitsyns, A. Voronikhin, M. Gribushin, A. Gubkin, K. Khlebnikov and A. Khlebnikov, V. Tatishchev, S. Remezov, E.Pugachev, V.Bering, D.Mendeleev, V.N.Tatishchev, Peter I, Catherine II, Alexander I, N.V. Meshkov, I.I. Sviyazev, K.F. Moderakh, Diaghilevs, Lyubimovs, A.S. Popov, N.G. Slavyanov, I. Lem, N. Vorontsov and others.
Cherdyn. The most ancient city of Prikamye The history of its foundation. Stone architecture of Cherdyn. The city is a monument and its protection. Nyrob and his role in Russian history. Nyrob prisoner.
Solikamsk. Foundation of the city. Its significance in the history of Russia and the Kama region. The role of industrialists Demidovs in the development of the city and the region. Architecture. Modern Solikamsk. The city is a monument and its protection. Yermak and his role in the development of the Urals and Siberia.
Usolye and salt mines. The Stroganov family and the history of Usolye. Architecture. Naryshkin baroque. A. Voronikhin.
Kungur. Founding of Kungur - a major trading center of the Kama region. Kungur Fair. merchants Gribushin and Gubkin and their contribution to the development of the city. Culture and art. Famous residents of Kungur. The Kungur Ice Cave is a natural monument of world significance.
Foundation of Perm. Foundation of the Egoshikha plant. The role of V.N. Tatishchev in the development of the wealth of the Ural lands. The first buildings of Perm.
1780 - renaming of the Egoshikha plant into the city of Perm. 1781 - formation of the Perm province. The first streets and stone buildings of Perm. Urban planning and architecture of the XIX century. The governors of the Kama region, who left their mark on history.
Provincial city of Perm. Features of building and development of the provincial city. Architecture of Perm. F.H. Grail and its activities. Perm University.
Wonderful people of Perm. Princes Makutov. Famous inventors - natives of the Kama region: A.S. Popov, N.G. Slavyanov, N.V. Vorontsov. Steamers I.I. Lyubimov and N.V. Meshkov. D.D. Smyshlyaev. Diaghilevs. Famous guests of Perm.
Topic 3. Komi-Permyatsky district (1 hour)
The task of the topic: acquaintance with the Komi-Permyak district as an integral part of the Perm region.
Supporting concepts and terms: Kudymkar, historical buildings and structures, Komi-Permyaks and Komi-Permyak epic. Kudym-Osh.
Persons: Stroganovs, P.I. Subbotin-Permyak.
Topic 4. Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region.
The task of the topic: acquaintance with the historical cities of the Kama region, their features, architecture, way of life. The role of small towns in the history of the region and Russia.
Personalities: Stroganovs, Demidovs, Lazarevs. Savva Morozov. Diaghilevs.
Wasp. Foundation of the city. Osa is an old merchant town. The capture of the Osa fortress by E. Pugachev and a historical memorial dedicated to this event. Architecture and its protection. Vitus Bering and Wasp.
Okhansk. Foundation of the city. Merchant Okhansk and its features. The path of the great people of Russia through Okhansk. Okhan meteorite.
Ilyinsky. Control center of the Stroganov patrimony. Assistance culture of Ilyinsky. Artifacts of the Ilyinsky Museum. Pozhvinskaya painting (Ural rose) in the museum collection. Forest park Kuzminka.
Ocher. History of occurrence. Monuments of history and architecture. Yezhovsky paleontological monument.
Dobryanka. The sights of the city, the cultural life of the plant, the modern life of Dobryanka.
Chermoz. Lazarevs in the Kama region. Cultural and historical monuments of Chermoz.
Nytva. Cultural and historical monuments of Nytva. Nytvenskaya spoon.
Lysva. Princes Shakhovsky and Shuvalov in the Kama region. Lysva helmet.
Soil. Pozhvensky factories, their products. Steamship building in the Kama region.
Suksun. Sights of Suksun. Suksun samovar.
Eagle. The role of the town in the development of the Urals and Siberia. Kama tiles.
Kyn-factory. Archaeological and cultural monuments.
Pavlovsky. P.A. Stroganov.
Horde. Stone-cutting in the Kama region.
Vsevolodo-Vilva. Factory and estate. The role of Vsevolodo-Vilva in the cultural life of the Kama region.
Bikbarda is the family estate of the Diaghilevs.
Pyskor as the first residence of the Stroganovs in the Kama region.
Topic 5. Mining and development of the Kama region. (1 hour)
The task of the topic: to form an idea of the city-factory.
Basic concepts and terms: city-factory, craftsmen, self-taught inventor.
Cities-factories as the basis of the metallurgical industry in the Kama region. Factory device. Factory workers. Life and life of the factory settlement.
Topic 6. New cities of the Kama region. (3 hours)
The task of the topic: acquaintance with the new cities of the Kama region, their features, architecture, way of life. New branches of industry in the Kama region.
Basic concepts and terms: combine, chemical industry, oil industry, timber and pulp and paper industry, hydropower.
Persons: S.S. Govorukhin.
Berezniki. Berezniki chemical plant. S.S. Govorukhin.
Krasnokamsk. Krasnokamsk Pulp and Paper Mill.
Tchaikovsky. Votkinskaya HPP.
Topic 7. Kama region during the war years (2 hours)
The task of the topic: acquaintance with the heroes of wars, the formation of the image of the defender of the Motherland.
Supporting concepts and terms: heroism, patriotism, defense of the Motherland.
Persons: Yu. Berglin, N. Trukhin, A. Stabrovsky, T. Baramzina, A. Pokryshkin and others.
Heroes of the War of 1812. Heroes of the Russian-Turkish wars. Heroes of the First World War. Heroes of the Great Patriotic War.
Prikamye during the Great Patriotic War.
Topic 8. Literary Kama region.
The task of the topic: acquaintance with the literary heritage of the Kama region.
Supporting concepts and terms: writer, poet.
Personalities: A. Popov, M. Osorgin, D. Mamin-Sibiryak, P. Bazhov, A. Chekhov, B. Pasternak, V. Ivanov, V. Astafiev, O. Volkonskaya, O. Selyankin, L. Yuzefovich, A. Korolev, V. Vorobyov, L. Davydychev, L. Kuzmin.
Literary space of the Kama region.
Children's writers and their works.
Educational and thematic plan
Methods for monitoring and evaluating the educational achievements of students.
Grade personal results in the current educational process is carried out on the basis of the student's compliance with the following requirements:
Compliance with the norms and rules of conduct adopted in the educational institution;
Participation in the public life of an educational institution and the immediate social environment, socially useful activities;
Diligence and responsibility for learning outcomes;
Willingness and ability to make a conscious choice of their educational trajectory;
The presence of a positive value-semantic attitude of the student, formed by means of a particular subject.
Evaluationmetasubject results are kept on the following positions:
The ability and readiness of the student to master knowledge, their independent replenishment, transfer and integration;
Ability to cooperate and communicate;
Ability to solve personally and socially significant problems and translate the solutions found into practice;
Ability and willingness to use ICT for learning and development purposes;
Ability to self-organization, self-regulation and reflection.
Student achievement assessmentmetasubject results can be carried out on the basis of the results of verification work, within the framework of the system of current, thematic and intermediate assessment, as well as intermediate certification. The main procedure for the final assessment of the achievement of meta-subject results is the defense of the final individual project.
The main object of assessment of subject results is the student's ability to solve educational-cognitive and educational-practical tasks on the basis of the studied educational material. Types of control of educational achievements in the subject: oral survey, test, self-examination, mutual examination, independent work, terminological dictation, vocabulary work, test work, work on cards, problem solving, crossword puzzles, etc.
Norms for assessing knowledge for the oral response of students in social studies
1. Oral response.
A score of "5" is given if the student:
1. Shows deep and complete knowledge and understanding of the entire volume of program material; full understanding of the essence of the considered concepts, phenomena and patterns, theories, relationships;
2. Able to compose a complete and correct answer based on the studied material; highlight the main provisions, independently confirm the answer with specific examples, facts; to independently and reasonably make analysis, generalizations, conclusions. Establish interdisciplinary (based on previously acquired knowledge) and intradisciplinary connections, creatively apply the acquired knowledge in an unfamiliar situation. Consistently, clearly, coherently, reasonably and accurately present the educational material; give an answer in a logical sequence using accepted terminology; draw your own conclusions; to formulate an exact definition and interpretation of the basic concepts, laws, theories; when answering, do not repeat verbatim the text of the textbook; present the material in literary language; correctly and thoroughly answer additional questions of the teacher. Independently and rationally use visual aids, reference materials, textbook, additional literature, primary sources; apply a system of conventions when maintaining records accompanying the answer; use to prove conclusions from observations and experiments;
3. Independently, confidently and accurately applies the acquired knowledge in solving problems at a creative level; allows no more than one defect, which is easily corrected at the request of the teacher; has the necessary skills to work with instruments, drawings, diagrams and graphs accompanying the answer; the records accompanying the response are appropriate.
A score of "4" is given if the student:
1. Shows knowledge of all studied program material. Gives a complete and correct answer based on the theories studied; minor errors and shortcomings in the reproduction of the studied material, definitions of concepts gave incomplete, slight inaccuracies in the use of scientific terms or in conclusions and generalizations from observations and experiments; the material is presented in a certain logical sequence, while making one minor mistake or no more than two shortcomings and can correct them independently upon request or with a little help from the teacher; basically mastered the educational material; supports the answer with concrete examples; answers the teacher's questions correctly.
2. Able to independently highlight the main provisions in the studied material; on the basis of facts and examples, generalize, draw conclusions, establish intra-subject relationships. Apply the acquired knowledge in practice in a modified situation, observe the basic rules of the culture of oral speech and the accompanying written language, use scientific terms;
3. Does not have sufficient skills in working with reference books, textbooks, primary sources (he is oriented correctly, but works slowly). Allows minor violations of the rules for the design of written work.
Grade "3" is given if the student:
1) has mastered the main content of the educational material, has gaps in the assimilation of the material that do not prevent further assimilation of the program material;
2) the material is presented in an unsystematic, fragmentary, not always consistent manner;
3) shows insufficient formation of individual knowledge and skills; He weakly argues conclusions and generalizations, makes mistakes in them.
4) made mistakes and inaccuracies in the use of scientific terminology, gave insufficiently clear definitions of concepts;
5) did not use conclusions and generalizations from observations, facts, experiments as evidence or made mistakes in their presentation;
6) has difficulty in applying the knowledge necessary to solve problems of various types, in explaining specific phenomena on the basis of theories and laws, or in confirming specific examples of the practical application of theories;
7) incompletely answers the teacher's questions (missing the main one), or reproduces the content of the text of the textbook, but does not sufficiently understand certain provisions that are important in this text;
8) reveals an insufficient understanding of certain provisions when reproducing the text of the textbook (records, primary sources) or answers incompletely to the teacher's questions, making one or two gross mistakes.
A score of "2" is given if the student:
1) did not understand and did not disclose the main content of the material;
2) does not draw conclusions and generalizations.
3) does not know and does not understand a significant or main part of the program material within the limits of the questions posed;
4) has poorly formed and incomplete knowledge and does not know how to apply it to the solution of specific issues and tasks according to the model;
5) when answering (on one question) he makes more than two gross mistakes, which he cannot correct even with the help of a teacher.
A score of "1" is given if the student:
1) cannot answer any of the questions;
2) did not fully master the material.
Norms for assessing knowledge for performing a test
Norms for assessing knowledge for the creative work of students
Mark/general information
The subject matter is not clear. Information is not accurate or not given.
The information is partially stated. Only one resource was used in the work.
Fairly accurate information. More than one resource used.
This information is short and clear.
More than one resource used.
Subject
The topic of the lesson is not disclosed and not clear. Explanations are incorrect, confusing or incorrect.
The topic is partially disclosed. Some material is presented incorrectly.
The material is clearly presented.
The topic of the lesson is formulated and disclosed.
Fully outlined the main aspects
lesson topics.
Application and problems
The scope of this topic has not been defined. The decision process is imprecise or incorrect.
Some areas of application of the topic are reflected. The decision process is incomplete.
The areas of application of the topic are reflected. The decision process is almost complete.
The areas of application of the topic are reflected.
A strategy for problem solving is outlined.
Calendar-thematic planning Grade 5
Subject
Number of hours
date according to the plan
actual date
Introduction: Let's look through the eyes of a historian
11.09
11.09
Permian period
18.09
18.09
Stone Age of the Kama region
25.09
Ages of Metals
2.10
Who lives, he gives names
9.10
Cherdyn. Solikamsk Usolye Kungur
16.10
Founding of Perm
23.10
8-9
Provincial city of Perm
30.10-13.11
Komi-Permyatsky District
20.11
Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region
27.11
Mining and development of the Kama region
4.12
New cities of the Kama region
11.12
Heroes of the War of 1812. Heroes of World War I
18.12
Prikamye during the Great Patriotic War
25.12
Prikamye - literary
15.01
Final lesson "My Perm Territory"
22.12
Educational and methodical means
1. N.P. Gorbatsevich, D.M. Sofin, O.V. Vlasova, D.A. Kormilin. My Perm region. Pages of distant and near times. - Perm, "Book World", 2015
Television and educational films on the history of the Kama region
"The Permian period of Roderick Murchison"
“An invention for the ages. N.G. Slavyanov" "Great Perm". Educational-methodical film in 4 parts. Ministry of Education of the Perm Territory, 2008.
"Permian. History in faces. Educational film in 4 parts, 2006
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2. Belavin A.M., Nechaev M.G. Provincial Perm. Perm, 1996.
3. Bordinskikh G.A. Legends and traditions of the land of Solikamsk. Solikamsk, 2006.
4. Bubnov E. Russian folk architecture of the Urals. - M., 1988
5. Verkholantsev V.S. The city of Perm, its past and present. Perm, 1994.
6. Vesnovsky V.A. Historical monuments in the Perm province. Perm, 1915.
7. Vishnevsky B.N. Traveler Kirill Khlebnikov. Perm, 1957.
8. Vlasova O.M. Artist P. I. Subbotin-Permyak. Perm, 1990.
9. Voevodin L.E. 45 old folk songs in the factories of the Perm province. Perm, 1905.
10. Voevodin L.E. The reigning House of Romanov and the Perm Territory // Proceedings of the Perm Provincial Scientific Archival Commission. Issue. XI. Perm, 1914.
11. Volkonskaya O.A. Perm rowan. Perm, 1966.
12. Golovchansky G.P., Melnichuk A.F. Stroganov towns, prisons, villages. Perm, 2005.
13. Gorovoy F.S. On the date of foundation of the city of Perm. (On the issue of the dates of the founding of cities as historical monuments) // Ural Archeographic Yearbook for 1970. Perm, 1971.
14. Grimm G. Architect Voronikhin.- M.-L., 1963
15. Dmitriev A.A. Historical sketch of the Perm region. Perm, 1896.
16. Dmitriev A.A. Essays on the history of the provincial city of Perm from the founding of the settlement until 1845 with an appendix of the chronicle of the city of Perm from 1845 to 1890. Perm, 1889.
17. Dmitriev A.A. Perm antiquity. Issue. I–VIII. Perm, 1889–1900.
18. Zolotov E.D. The city of Kungur in 1774 during the Pugachev rebellion: materials on the history of the city // Zolotov E.D. Pain of the soul: favorites. Kungur, 2002.
19. Golden Stars of Prikamye. Perm, 1975.
20. History of the Urals: in 2 volumes / under the general. ed. I. S. Kaptsugovich. Perm, 1976–1977.
21. History of the Urals: in 2 volumes / under the general. ed. F. S. Gorovoy. Perm, 1963–1965.
22. Kaptsugovich I. Stories for reading on the history of the Kama region. - Perm, 1984
23. Klimov V.V., Chagin G.N. Year-round holidays, rituals and customs of the Komi-Permyaks. Kudymkar, 2005.
24. Korchagin P.A. The provincial capital of Perm. Perm, 2006.
25. Krivoshchekov I.Ya. Materials for the history of the village of Kudymkor, Solikamsk district, Perm province. Perm, 1894.
26. Krivoshchekova-Gantman A. Geographical names of the Upper Kama region. - Perm, 1983
27. Kupkel A. Pages of Perm architecture. – Perm, 1999
28. Lisovsky V. Andrey Voronikhin. - L., 1971
29. Lobanov D.A., Oshchepkov L.G. History of the 194th Infantry Troitsko-Sergievsky Regiment. Perm, 2006.
30. Lunegov I. Ancient Cherdyn. - Perm, 1969
31. Mezenina T.G., Mosin A.G., Mudrova N.A., Neklyudov E.G. The Stroganov family. Yekaterinburg, 2007.
32. Mukhin V.V. Ermak Timofeevich. Perm, 1957.
33. Myalitsyn I.A. The tanks were driven by Alekseev. Perm, 1978.
34. Neklyudov E.G., Popova-Yatskevich E.G. The Lazarev family. Yekaterinburg, 2013.
35. Oborin V., Chagin G. Chud antiquities of the Riphean. - Perm, 1989
36. Pereskokov L.V.; Marchenko A., archpriest; Queen V.V. Orthodox monasteries and temples of Perm. Perm, 2013.
37. The feat of the Perm tankers. Perm, 1971.
38. Popov E., archpriest. Saint Stephen of Great Perm. Perm, 1885.
39. Savich A.A. The past of the Urals: historical essays. Perm, 1925.
40. Serebrennikov N.N. Perm wooden sculpture. Perm, 1967.
41. Smyshlyaev D.D. Collection of articles about the Perm province. Perm, 1891.
42. Speshilova E.A. Old Perm: Houses. Streets. People. 1723–1917 Perm, 1999.
43. Teploukhov F.A. Antiquities of the Perm Chud from silver and gold and its trade routes. Perm, 1895.
44. Terekhin A. Architecture of the Kama region. - Perm, 1970
45. Tynyanov Yu.N. Citizen Ocher. Ural legacy. Perm, 1990.
46. Ungvitsky V.N. Culture of the Urals during the Great Patriotic War. Perm, 1994.
47. Filatov S.V., Ardashov V.P. Heraldry of Perm: a silver bear on a red field. Perm, 2008.
48. Fomichev M.G. The path began from the Urals. M., 1976.
49. Chagin G. Cherdyn. - Perm, 1972
50. Chagin G.N. The cities of Perm Velikaya Cherdyn and Solikamsk. Perm, 2003.
51. Chagin G.N., Shilov A.V. County provinces of Kungur, Osa, Okhansk. Perm, 2007.
52. Schwartz A. Academician of architecture I.I. Sviyazev. - Perm, 1959
53. Shishonko V.N. Perm Chronicle. Periods 1–5. Perm, 1881–1899.
54. Shustov S.G. Perm estate of the Counts Stroganovs in the first half of the 19th century. Perm, 2006.
55. Yuzefovich L. Miners. Perm, 1987.
56. Yuzefovich L.A. Cast iron lamb; Kazarosa. Perm, 2008.
57. Yakuntsov I.A. Ural during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 Perm, 1997.
