Altai State Natural Biosphere Reserve- a specially protected natural area in the Altai Mountains. Founded in 1932, it was subsequently abolished and recreated again. Part of an object world heritage UNESCO "Golden Mountains of Altai". It is part of the association of reserves and national parks of the Altai-Sayan ecoregion.
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In 1929, by resolution of the State Interdepartmental Committee for the Protection and Promotion of Development natural resources a scientific and fishing expedition was sent to Altai under the leadership of Professor V.I. Baranov with the aim of surveying the territory for the organization large nature reserve. According to the presented project, the future reserve was supposed to cover a vast territory of over 2 million hectares from Tuva to the Katun River. Lake Teletskoye would be in the center. The project was not destined to come to fruition. He was not approved. The decision to organize the reserve was made on May 4, 1930 by the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
The People's Commissariat for Education was instructed to clarify the boundaries of its location, for which a second expedition was organized in 1931 under the leadership of F. F. Schillinger. The work was carried out from the beginning of autumn until the first half of winter. The future boundaries of the reserve were outlined and justified. As a result, the Oirot regional executive committee on December 10, 1931, and the Khakass regional executive committee on December 28, 1931, by special resolutions, recognized the expediency of organizing the reserve. On April 16, 1932, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR finally approved its borders. This date is considered to be the day the reserve was founded.
On May 27, 2009, on Jeju Island, in the Republic of Korea, during the 21st session of the International Coordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere Program, a decision was made to include the Altai Nature Reserve in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (BR).
The reserve is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.
Geography
Along the boundaries of the reserve there are high ridges: in the north - the Torot ridge (a spur of the Abakan ridge, extending from it to the west almost at a right angle), in the northeast - Abakansky (Mount Sadonskaya, 2,890 m above sea level), in the extreme in the south - the spurs of the Chikhachev ridge (Mount Getedey, 3,021 m), in the east - the Shapshalsky ridge (Mount Toshkalykaya, 3,507 m). Several isolated mountain ranges are located in the center of the reserve: Kurkure (Kurkurebazhi town, 3,111 m 51°03′29″ n. w. 88°24′21″ E. d. HGIOL), Tetykol (up to 3,069 m), Chulyshmansky (Mount Bogoyash, 3,143 m). The western border runs along the Chulyshman River and Lake Teletskoye. More than 20% of the reserve's area is covered with rock, scree and pebble. The reserve has 1,190 lakes with an area of more than 1 hectare each. On the Chulcha River, 8 km from the mouth, there is the largest waterfall in Altai - Bolshoi Chulchinsky (Uchar), this is a 150-meter cascade of water.
The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the largest nature reserves in Russia, its area is 9.4% of the entire territory of the Altai Republic. The entire right bank of Lake Teletskoye and 22 thousand hectares of its water area are located on protected area. The territory of the reserve does not have a single road (except for the recently extended crushed stone road in the north from the village of Biyka to the village of Yailyu.) The territory is practically impassable unless you use rare paths laid by foresters and staff of the reserve. However, you need to know the location of these trails well when going on a trip without a guide. A visit to the reserve is only with the permission of the administration and is issued with the appropriate pass.
Climate
The climate of the reserve is continental, mountainous. Depends on the terrain features. Winter on the shores of Lake Teletskoye is one of the mildest in Siberia, which is due to the influence of eastern and southeastern foehn, which are common at this time of year. Northwest winds, on the contrary, bring cooling. South winter temperatures fall. Due to the elevated position of the reserve, summer is cool and absent on the mountain peaks. In the north it is humid, in the south it is drier.
Climate of Lake Teletskoye (norm 1981-2010) Indicator Jan. Feb. March Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year Absolute maximum, °C 11,6 13,4 21,4 29,3 33,0 34,3 36,9 34,7 29,1 23,2 15,9 14,1 36,9 Average temperature, °C −7,6 −7,1 −2,3 4,0 10,1 14,2 17,3 15,7 10,2 4,5 −2 −6,1 4,2 Absolute minimum, °C −36,2 −38,7 −28,8 −24,3 −10,1 −1,3 1,6 0,1 −4,9 −18,7 −33 −33,5 −38,7 Precipitation rate, mm 16 14 26 75 115 131 147 132 98 71 46 29 900 Source: Flora
On the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve there are 1,500 species of higher vascular plants, of which 22 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation:
- Polushnik lake - Isoetes lacustris L(The species is endangered. Listed in the Red Book of Russia in 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species),
- Feather feather feathers - Stipa pennata L(Red Book Russian Federation 2008, Red Data Book of Mongolia. Vulnerable species. Reduces population sizes. Status: 2 (V)),
- Kovyl Zalessky - Stipa zalesskii Wilensky(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. III category. Rare species),
- Kandyk Siberian - Erythronium sibiricum(Fisch. et Mey) Kryl. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. III category. Rare species),
- Lady's slipper swollen Cypripedium ventricosum
- Venus's slipper is real - Cypripedium calceolus L. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
- Lady's slipper large-flowered - Cypripedium macranthon Sw. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
- Leafless muzzle - Epipogium aphyllum(F.W.Schmidt) Sw. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 4 (1). Species with uncertain status.),
- Neottiante clopubicata - Neottianthe cucullata(L.) Schecht. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
- Liparis Lezelya - Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
- Fingercorn Baltic - Dactylorhiza baltica(Klinge) Orlova (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 2 (U). Vulnerable species with uncertain status.),
- Helmeted Orchis - Orchis militaris L.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
- Altai rhubarb - Rheum altaicum Losinsk. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Resource plant, endemic Status: 3 (R). Rare species),
- Wrestler unfound - Aconitum decipiens Worosch. et Anfalov (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species. Altai-Tuva endemic),
- Wrestler Pascoe - Aconitum paskoi Worosch. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. 3 (R). Rare species. Endemic),
- Oxyphyte swelled - Oxytropis physocarpa Ledeb. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status: 3 (R). Rare species. Endemic to South-Eastern Altai and South-Western Tuva),
- Chuyskiy orchard - Oxytropis tschujae
- Siberian catfish Dentaria sibirica(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 3 (R). Rare species. Altai-Sayan Endemic),
- Dendranthema emarginata - Dendranthema sinuatum(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species. Endemic to Altai,),
- Volodushka Martyanova - Bupleurum martjanovii(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Altai-Sayan endemic Status: 3 R). Rare species. Endemic to the mountains of Southern Siberia),
- Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea L. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status: 3 (R). Rare species),
- Kostenets Altai Asplenium altajense(Kom.) Grub. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. 4 (I). Species with uncertain status. Relict of the Tertiary flora. Paleoendem.).
49 plant species are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Republic.
Fauna
Rare species of insects of the Altai Nature Reserve. Red Book of the Russian Federation: Rhymn's blueberry - Neolycaena rhymnus Common Apollo - Parnassius apollo (Category and status - 2nd declining species. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001), Erebia Kindermanni (Category and status - 2 species declining in numbers. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001). Species noted in the territory adjacent to the reserve, that is, the presence of which in the territory of the reserve is possible: Mnemosyne - Parnassius mnemosyne (Category and status - 2 species declining in numbers. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001)
Mammals lives on the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve 68 types. Of these, two species are listed in the International Red Book (IUCN) - the Snow Leopard - Uncia uncia, which is extremely rare and lives mainly high in the mountains, above the forest line. Altai mountain sheep - Ovis ammon ammon, Siberian musk deer - Moschus moschiferus. Listed in the Red Book of Russia reindeer (forest subspecies) - Rangifer tarandus . Of the mammals in the reserve, there are 11 species of insectivores, 8 chiropterans, 2 lagomorphs, 24 rodents, 15 species of carnivores (bear, lynx, otter, wolverine, sable, weasel) and 8 species
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Altai Nature Reserve located on the territory of, in, in the northeast of Altai. The fate of the reserve was difficult. It was created and liquidated several times, as a result of which it lost territory, but even at the moment The size of the reserve is impressive: it covers an area of 881,238 hectares. The reserve is surrounded by high ridges. This is a stunningly beautiful place: the reserve has 1190 lakes, many rivers, waterfalls, and mountain ranges. 60% of the area is occupied by mountain tundra, fir taiga predominates in the north, and deciduous forests are located in the south. The territory of the reserve is rich in diverse flora, so here you can see spruce forests, pine forests, shrub areas, alpine meadows, fir and cedar trees. The mountain slopes are covered with such fruit bushes like raspberries, currants, rose hips, viburnum, sea buckthorn. Bird cherry blossoms in the taiga.
In addition to the listed species of plants and trees, 36 species of ferns, 263 species of lichens, and 127 varieties of mushrooms grow in the reserve. The abundance of herbs and flowers turns the meadows into colorful carpets. In total, 1270 plant species are found on the territory of the reserve. Since the climate in the region where the reserve is located is continental, the winters there are very harsh. The reserve has its own attractions and, first of all, it is huge Lake Teletskoye, absorbing the waters of seventy rivers. Only one river, the Biya, which does not freeze in winter, flows out of it, which has a beneficial effect on ducks. The length of the lake is 78 km, it is surrounded on all sides by ridges. Lake Teletskoe is not rich in fish, only 18 species. These are grayling, whitefish, taimen, burbot. The main river of the reserve is Chulyshman. Its length is 10 km. The second attraction of the reserve is the largest waterfall in Altai - Big Chulchinsky waterfall. The height of the water fall reaches 150 meters.
The fauna, like the flora, is diverse. Only 73 species of mammals are registered in the reserve, of which 16 species are classified as predators. In the taiga there are bear, elk, lynx, wolverine, deer, and musk deer. Lots of squirrels and sables, chipmunks and voles, and ermine. Gophers rule the steppe. In the rest of the territory you can see argali, mountain goats, and less often the snow leopard-irbis, listed in the Red Book. Many birds nest on lakes and shores: gulls, whooper swans, black storks, herons. Wood grouse, quails, and partridges live in the forests. A total of 323 species of birds, including rare species included in the Red Book: golden eagle, peregrine falcon, white-tailed eagle, pink starling. The invertebrate kingdom is especially diverse: 15 thousand species.
Located in the northeastern part of the Altai Republic, on the territory of the Turachak and Ulagansky districts. The central estate of the reserve is located in the village of Yailyu, the main office is in the city of Gorno-Altaisk, the capital of the Altai Republic.
Area: 881,238 hectares, including the water area of Lake Teletskoye - 11,757 hectares.
Main ecosystems: Siberian taiga, lakes, taiga midlands and lowlands, subalpine and alpine midmountains and highlands, tundra-steppe highlands, tundra midmountains and highlands, glacial-nival highlands.
Altai State nature reserve- the most unique specially protected natural territory of Russia, a UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site, includes part of the water area of Lake Teletskoye - the pearl of the Altai Mountains, “little Baikal” Western Siberia. It occupies one of the first places among Russian nature reserves in terms of biological diversity.
The main goal of creating the reserve is to preserve the most valuable and rare beauty of Lake Teletskoye, its landscapes, protect cedar forests, save the most important hunting and commercial animals that were on the verge of extinction - sable, elk, deer and others, as well as constant stationary study of the nature of the region as a whole. The Altai Nature Reserve also ensures the preservation and study of the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems.
Along the boundaries of the reserve there are high ridges: in the north - Abakansky, in the south - Chikhacheva, in the east - Shapshalsky. From the west, the territory is limited by the valleys of the rivers Chulyshman, Karakem and Lake Teletskoye. Several separate mountain ranges are located in the center of the reserve; the highest mountain here is Bogoyash (3143m).
Numerous rivers of the reserve are very picturesque - with powerful rapids, rifts, quiet reaches and waterfalls. On the Chulcha River there is the largest waterfall in Altai - “Inaccessible”, its height is 150m. In the middle and lower reaches of the river there are steep slopes covered with forest, their beds are cluttered with stones, the flow speed reaches 2-5 m per second!
There are 1190 lakes in the reserve, the largest and most famous of them are Dzhulukul, located at an altitude of 2200m above sea level, and Teletskoye, or Altyn-Kolyu - Golden Lake. Due to its great depth, this lake contains a huge amount of excellent fresh, oxygenated, clean water.Features of the relief and conditions for the transfer of air masses give rise to significant diversity climatic conditions with a generally continental climate. The northern part is characterized by warm and humid summers, snowy and relatively mild winters. In the southern part of the reserve the climate is more severe; in winter frosts reach -30ºС.
You can only get to the reserve via Lake Teletskoye, so you will definitely get to know and appreciate Altyn-Kolya. Russian name The lake was given to the pioneer Cossacks who appeared here in the 17th century; it comes from the name of the Altai tribe Teles, who lived on the shores of the lake.
In summer, along the shores of Lake Teletskoye you can see numerous waterfalls of extraordinary beauty, carrying their waters into the lake. Most of the waterfalls are inaccessible to visitors, with the exception of the main waterfall of Lake Teletskoye - “Korbu”, which annually attracts several tens of thousands of tourists at its foot during the summer season. At the visitor center of the Altai Nature Reserve "Altai Ail" in the village of Yailyu you can get acquainted with the traditional culture of the indigenous small people of the Tubalars
The reserve has several interesting routes, including to the Korbu ridge, Kishte, Korbu, Inaccessible waterfalls, and Lake Kholodnoye.
The Korbu waterfall, 12.5 meters high, is one of the most beautiful in the reserve. It is located in the middle part of Lake Teletskoye and has a well-equipped observation deck and information stands.Diversity of flora and fauna
The species composition of plants and animals is interesting for its diversity. The complex terrain with altitudes up to 3500 m, various climatic and natural-historical conditions create a significant diversity of vegetation cover of the Altai Nature Reserve. The reserve's vegetation is represented by forests, alpine tundra, meadows, swamps and steppes. Forests occupy more than 45% of the reserve's area and are represented by fir, mixed, cedar forests, and there are small spruce and pine forests. Pure high-mountain cedar forests are the pride of the reserve. The cedars here reach 1.8 m in diameter and are 400-600 years old. In general, the rich and diverse flora of the reserve includes 1,500 species of higher vascular plants (of which 20 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia, 49 species in the Red Book of the Altai Republic), 111 species of mushrooms and 272 species of lichens. There are 668 species of algae known in the reserve; seven species of lichens are included in the Red Book of Russia: laboratory pulmonata, laboratory reticularis, fringed stykta, etc. There are many endemics and relics: dendranthema emarginata, cystocarp, Siberian lichen, loose sedge.
A significant area of the Altai Nature Reserve is located at the junction of the mountain systems of Altai, Sayan, Tuva, the complexity of natural-historical development and biogeographical boundaries, diversity natural conditions determine the exceptional richness of the reserve’s fauna. In the protected area you can meet inhabitants of high latitudes (reindeer, ptarmigan), and inhabitants of the Mongolian steppes (gray marmot), and many typical “taiga inhabitants”. In the Priteletsk region of the reserve all commercial mammals of the southern taiga can be found. The most mass species- sable and deer, inhabited by musk deer, wild boar, elk, roe deer and others. Among the predators that live here are: brown bear, wolf, badger, wolverine, sable, lynx and otter. Birds include: capercaillie, hazel grouse, ptarmigan, golden eagle and black stork. Lake Teletskoye and its tributaries are home to grayling, taimen, and lenok. There are 70 species of mammals in the Altai Nature Reserve. Of these, two species are listed in the International Red Book (IUCN) - snow leopard snow leopard and Altai mountain sheep argali. Reindeer (forest subspecies) is included in the Red Book of Russia.
The territory of the Altai Nature Reserve is home to 59 rare and endangered animal species, which is about 52% of all animal species protected in the Altai Republic. 8 species are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Republic bats, whose habitat is the Altai Nature Reserve.
Of the 326 species of birds nesting and living on the territory of the reserve, 2 species are listed in the International Red Book (white-tailed eagle and peregrine falcon), 33 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia and 34 species are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Republic. Migratory species classified as rare are Spoonbill , Black stork, Mongolian lark.
Eco-education and excursions in the Reserve
Multi-day routes:
Pos. Yailyu - Minor pass, 40 km;
- cordon Karatash - village. Yailyu, 30 km;
- Kokshi cordon - Korbu ridge, 12 km;
- cordon Chelyush - Lake Kholodnoe, 12 km;
- Chiri cordon - Chiri lake, 15 km.One-day routes:
Cordon Kokshi - waterfall, 3 km;
- Belinskaya terrace, 3 km;
- Chulyshman river - Impregnable waterfall, 7 km.Observation platforms:
Korbu waterfall,
- Kishte waterfall.Altai Nature Reserve- one of the oldest modern reserves. This is evidenced by the fact that the territory of the reserve is included in the UNESCO list with the label “Golden Mountains of Altai”, which also includes Ukok plateau And Lake Teletskoye. In addition, this reserve is one of the largest in Russia. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is surrounded on almost all sides mountain ranges, and on the southern side it is washed by Lake Teletskoye.
The year of foundation of the Altai Nature Reserve was 1932. Over all the years of its existence, the reserve was liquidated several times, or its area was changed, then restored again. Today, the Altai Nature Reserve spreads over an area of more than 880 thousand hectares, and with an average latitude of about 35 km, it stretches to the South for 250 km. There is not a single road inside the reserve, which complicates accessibility, but nevertheless attracts tourists even more.
Ukok plateau.
Wild forest with rare trails occupies a significant part of the Altai Nature Reserve. However, lakes with cold water, of which experts counted 1190 in the reserve area.
Lake Teletskoe.
The local mountain landscapes are extremely beautiful, and very close to the highest point of the Altai Mountains and Siberia - Belukha peak. Only experienced tourists can climb there if they have special equipment, but the view of the Altai Territory from there is simply amazing.
Mountain Altai - Mount Belukha.
Along the boundaries of the reserve there are high ridges: in the north - Abakansky, in the south - Chikhacheva, in the east - Shapshalsky. From the west, the territory is limited by the valleys of the rivers Chulyshman, Karakem and Lake Teletskoye. Several separate mountain ranges are located in the center of the reserve, the highest mountain here is Bogoyash(3143 meters).
Abakan Range, Abakan River Valley.
Numerous rivers of the reserve are very picturesque - with powerful rapids, rifts, quiet reaches and waterfalls. On the Chulcha River there is the largest waterfall in Altai - “Inaccessible”, its height is 150 meters. In the middle and lower reaches of the river there are steep slopes covered with forest, their beds are cluttered with stones, the flow speed reaches 2-5 meters per second!
Big Chulchinsky waterfall (sometimes called Uchar, which means Impregnable in Altai).
Features of the relief and conditions for the transfer of air masses give rise to a significant variety of climatic conditions with a general continental climate. The northern part is characterized by warm and humid summers, snowy and relatively mild winters. In the southern part of the reserve the climate is more severe; in winter frosts reach –30ºС.
The reserve's vegetation is represented by forests, alpine tundra, meadows, swamps and steppes. Forests occupy more than 45% of the reserve's area and are represented by fir, mixed, cedar forests, and there are small spruce and pine forests. Some specimens of cedar reach an age of 600 years. The flora of the Altai Nature Reserve includes about 1,500 species of plants, many endemics and relicts: dendranthema notamata-leaved, cynophyte, Siberian kandyk, loose sedge.
Altai Nature Reserve.
The diversity of the animal world is determined by the complex natural and historical development of the region. Here you can meet inhabitants of high latitudes (reindeer, partridge), and inhabitants of the Mongolian steppes (gray marmot), and many typical “taiga inhabitants”. Predators presented brown bear, trot, wolverine, sable. Birds include: capercaillie, hazel grouse, ptarmigan, golden eagle and black stork. Lake Teletskoye and its tributaries are home to grayling, taimen, and lenok.
Animals of the Altai Nature Reserve.
You can only get to the reserve via Lake Teletskoye, so you will definitely get to know and appreciate Altyn-Kolya. The Russian name for the lake was given by the Cossack pioneers who appeared here in the 17th century; it comes from the name of the Altai Teles tribe, which lived on the shores of the lake.
- November 25, 2014
