Special protected natural areas presentation. Protected islands of Russia

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Lesson plan

1. Organizing time.
2. introduction teachers.
3. Categories of protected areas.
4. Joint determination of the location of Russian reserves.
5. Group work.
6. Student presentation.
7. Consolidation.
8. Homework.
9. Final word from the teacher.

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Organizing time

• Segregate students into groups to study the protected areas of various natural areas Russia.
• Give each group a different source of information on the topic.

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Introductory speech of the teacher

• Announcement of the topic of the lesson and purpose.
• Knowledge update:
  • Why does a person need plant resources and animal resources?
  • The plant world provides man with food and feed, fuel and raw materials.
  • Meadows, pastures, hayfields are an excellent fodder base for animal husbandry.
  • Thousands of plants - herbs and shrubs - raw materials for the production of medicines.
  • Forests give man, in addition to edible fruits, wood - ornamental and construction, chemical raw materials.
  • Resources of the animal world are, first of all, hunting and trade resources.

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What are specially protected natural areas?

• Vegetation and animal world most noticeably and severely affected by economic activity person. Even in the last century, as a result of hunting, European bison, Caucasian deer and others were practically exterminated.
• To protect certain species of plants and animals from complete destruction, specially protected areas began to be created. natural areas.

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Specially protected natural areas (SPNA) are designed to preserve typical and unique natural landscapes, animal diversity and flora, protection of natural and cultural heritage. Completely or partially withdrawn from economic use. What are the main categories of specially protected natural areas?

• state nature reserves;
• state natural reserves, including biospheric ones;
• National parks;
• monuments of nature;
• natural parks;
• dendrological parks and botanical gardens;
• health-improving areas and resorts.

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Categories of the most common protected areas

• A reserve is a natural area (water area) completely excluded from economic use for the protection and study of the natural complex as a whole.
• There are 101 nature reserves in Russia, 17 of them are biospheric.
• The first official state reserve in Russia was the Barguzinsky Reserve in northeastern Transbaikalia (1916).

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reserves

• Prior to this, examples of unofficial reserves are known: Suputinsky in the Far East (1911), since 1913 - Ussuriysky, Sayansky (1916), Kedrovaya Pad (1916).
• The first Soviet reserve - Astrakhan - was established on April 11, 1919.

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Large nature reserves

There are 40 large reserves, including giant reserves (area of ​​more than 1 million hectares): Bolshoi Arctic, Komandorsky, Putoransky, Ust-Lensky, Taimyrsky, Kronotsky.

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national park

national park- this is a territory or water area with intact natural complexes and unique natural objects. There are 35 national parks in Russia.

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Reserve

A sanctuary is a territory (water area) that is of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes. There are about 3,000 sanctuaries in Russia, 69 of federal significance.

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Monuments of nature

Monuments of nature are unique or typical, scientifically, culturally and health-improvingly valuable natural objects.

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Joint determination of the location of Russian reserves

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Group work

Assignment: according to a standard plan, using a variety of sources of information, draw up a description of one of the reserves in Russia.

1. Geographical position of the reserve.
2. Foundation history.
3. Physical and geographical features.
4. Diversity of flora and fauna.
5. What can be seen.

• Group 1 - Voroninsky Reserve;
• Group 2 - Darwin Reserve;
• Group 3 - Oksky Reserve;
• Group 4 - Ust-Lensky Reserve.

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Specially protected natural territories of Russia

In total, 204 are currently operating in Russia protected areas federal level .

"On Specially Protected Natural Territories" dated 14.03.1995

« Specially Protected Natural Territories (SPNTs) are plots of land, water surface and airspace above them, where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health-improving significance, which are withdrawn by decisions of state authorities in full or partly from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established. Specially protected natural areas are objects of national heritage.

Reserve This is a protected area where the entire natural complex is preserved in a natural state. Any type of economic activity is prohibited in the reserve. It is created to preserve rare and endangered species of plants and animals and restore their numbers.

national park is a specially protected area with intact natural complexes and unique natural and anthropogenic objects. Tourists are allowed to visit the national park on special routes , that is, it plays the role of a recreational object.

Reserves - these are areas where permanently or temporarily prohibited certain types and forms of economic activity. Individual natural components are protected in the reserve, for example, one or several species of plants and animals.

Barguzinsky Reserve created January 11, 1917 (December 29, 1916 old style)

The first state reserve in Russia was created on the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal to preserve and restore the sable population. The area is 374 thousand hectares, including the water area of ​​Lake Baikal 15 thousand hectares.

In 1986 Barguzinsky Reserve given biospheric status. After 10 years, the reserve, along with other Baikal protected areas, was included in the list UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage "Lake Baikal".

Located in the delta of the Volga River, in the desert zone. It occupies an area of ​​more than 62 hectares in the Caspian lowland, which lies 28 m below sea level. Up to 50 species of commercial fish live here, including sturgeons. Birds 250 species (herons, cormorants, pink pelicans). Of the mammals, wild boars, wolves, foxes, and otters are common. There are more than 290 species of plants in the reserve. There are relics (salvinia, chilim), a fabulous flower grows - a lotus.

created in 1920

ILME RESERVE , one of the oldest in Russia. Created in the north of the Chelyabinsk region to protect mountain landscapes Southern Urals and exceptional mineral wealth. The reserve is surrounded by pine and birch forests, meadows, swamps and steppes. About 1200 species of plants, 48 ​​species of mammals, 163 species of birds, 6 reptiles, 3 amphibians. Nest of whooper swan, common crane. Common lynx, wolf, capercaillie, gray partridge. There is a mineralogical museum.

Purpose of creation:

Protection and comprehensive study of the unique flora, typical forest-steppe communities. The reserve is located on the Eastern slope of the Central Russian Upland, on the banks of the Don and its tributary Bystraya Sosna, on the territory of the Zadonsky district of the Lipetsk region.

One of the oldest in the European part of Russia. It was created in order to save from the death of the disappearing at the beginning XX age of the river beaver. The territory of the reserve occupies the northern half of the Usmansky pine forest, famous for the fact that its ship pines more than 300 years ago served as the basis for the construction of Peter I Russian fleet. In 1985, the reserve received the status of a biosphere reserve and began to work under the UNESCO program "Man and the Biosphere".

Bashkir Reserve created in 1930

Located in the central part of the Southern Urals and in the bend of the river. White. The area is 72 thousand hectares. Created for the protection and study of typical forest and forest-steppe landscapes. The mountains of the Southern Urals are covered with forests of pine, larch, birch. Of the animals are common: elk, roe deer, Brown bear, lynx, pine marten, Siberian weasel, chipmunk, capercaillie, hazel grouse, deer are acclimatized, trout, grayling are found in the rivers. In the bend of the river White mixed and broad-leaved forests. The Kapova Cave is located within the reserve.

The Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve is located on more than 370 islands. From 705 sq. Almost 500 km of its area falls on the water area and its most massive inhabitants are sea colonial birds. The waters of the Barents Sea are warming up warm current Gulf Stream and ice cover absent in winter, but summer temperatures are low and the vegetation here is tundra. On the rocky shores of the islands, famous bird colonies are formed.

One of the largest in Russia. A mountainous country adorned with a necklace of more than two and a half thousand lakes, the largest of which is Teletskoye. The pearl of the vegetable kingdom is the cedar. Animals Snow Leopard, mountain sheep argali, golden eagle, black vulture, Altai snowcock and many others are listed in the Red Book.

Since 1998, the reserve has been included in the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.

Ussuri Nature Reserve founded in 1932

The Ussuri Nature Reserve is located in Primorsky Krai, in the southwestern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin ridge. Founded to protect the natural complexes of Southern Primorye. It is located in cedar-broad-leaved, black-fir, elm and ash forests. There are ginseng, lemongrass, wild grapes. Of the rare species of animals, the tiger, leopard, deer, Himalayan bear are protected.

This northernmost of the reserves Far East It occupies two islands of the Chukchi Sea - Wrangel and Herald, as well as the adjacent water area and is located on the territory of the Magadan Region. The purpose of the creation is to preserve and study the ecosystems of the island part of the Arctic, as well as species such as polar bear, walrus, white goose and many other species of Beringian flora and fauna with a high level of endemism.

It is located in the interfluve of the Resseta and Vytebeti rivers, the right tributaries of the Zhizdra, which flows into the Oka. Once upon a time there was a notch (defensive) strip of the Moscow state, guarded with XVI on XVIII centuries, thanks to which you can see preserved oak forests on the territory of the reserve. Together with broad-leaved and small-leaved forest plantations, they are a refuge for many rare plant and animal species. Since 2000, a very rare bison, listed in the Red Book, has been fully in charge of the territory of the reserve.

The national park is located in Yukhnovsky, Iznoskovsky, Dzerzhinsky, Peremyshlsky, Babyninsky and Kozelsky districts. Kaluga region in the valleys of the Ugra, Zhizdra and Oka rivers.

National Park "Ugra" was created with the aim of protecting and recreational use of Central Russian landscapes. Meet rare plants- water chestnut chilim, protected - snow-white water lily, yellow water lily, marsh calla, floating salvinia, umbrella susak. Floodplain lakes are the habitat of the desman, a species listed in the Red Book of Russia. Elk, wild boar, roe deer, beaver, muskrat live in the park. An interesting natural monument is "Devil's Settlement" - a heap of sandstone boulders left by a glacier, where rare plants are noted - a microscopic luminous moss and a relict centipede fern. Beaver is found on the Vyssa, waterfowl are numerous in the Oka floodplain. On the territory of the national park there are historical, cultural and archaeological monuments: Stone Age sites, medieval settlements, burial mounds, memorial estates. Major battles are associated with the Ugra valley during the Tatar-Mongol and Polish-Lithuanian invasions, the war of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War. Near Zhizdra are the famous centers of spiritual life - the monasteries of Optina Pustyn and Shamordino, associated with the names of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.

In 2002, the UNESCO diploma awarded the status of a biosphere reserve.

April 22 is celebrated every year - Earth Day .

National parks and nature reserves of Russia joined the holiday in 1995, since then

April 22 is celebrated in our country as International holiday of nature reserves, national parks, reserves and natural monuments.

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