The minimum wage for 2019 has been increased again. Let's look at how this value has changed over the years preceding 2019 and how it relates to the cost of living.
Federal minimum wage in 2019
The minimum wage (minimum wage) at the state level is approved by the relevant federal law. The minimum wage is valid throughout Russia and cannot be less than the subsistence level of able-bodied citizens for the 2nd quarter of the previous year for the purpose of calculating wages (Article 1 of the Law “On Minimum Wages” dated June 19, 2000 No. 82-FZ). In other words, an employee who has actually worked the standard amount of time established by the labor agreement cannot receive a salary less than the established minimum wage. If an employer pays a salary less than the minimum wage, he faces a fine under clause 6 of Art. 5.27 Code of Administrative Offenses:
- from 10,000 to 20,000 rub. on officials;
- from 30,000 to 50,000 rub. for legal entities;
- from 1,000 to 5,000 rubles. for individual entrepreneurs operating without forming a legal entity.
If previously neither the social nor financial departments of the Russian Federation, nor parliamentarians could establish compliance of the minimum wage with the subsistence level, then in March 2018 the President of the Russian Federation signed Law No. 41-FZ dated 03/07/2018, the norms of which determined that from 05/01/2018 the minimum wage will be equal to the subsistence level of the working-age population for the 2nd quarter of last year.
Results
The minimum wage for 2019 was increased to 11,280 rubles. Since May 2018, the minimum wage has become equal to the subsistence level of the working-age population for the 2nd quarter of 2017 and amounted to 11,163 rubles. Regions also have the right to set the minimum wage, but it cannot be lower than the federal figure.
The bill on increasing the minimum wage was approved by the Government of the Russian Federation
According to the Ministry of Labor, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the bill “On Amendments to Article 1 of the Federal Law “On the Minimum Wage.”
As planned, from January 1, 2013, the minimum wage will increase to 5,205 rubles. per month. Today the minimum wage is 4,611 rubles, so the increase will be almost 13%.
According to the Ministry of Labor, based on Rosstat data, in April 2012, the number of workers receiving wages of up to 5,205 rubles. amounted to 1.3 million people in the entire economy of the Russian Federation or about 2% of the number of people employed in the economy (of which about 360 thousand people are part-time and part-time workers). Moreover, half of them are employed in the public sector (650 thousand people or 4.3% of the total number of employees of state and municipal institutions, including about 160 thousand part-time and part-time workers).
Minimum wage - Minimum wage. Its size is set by the government. At the same time, this figure increases almost every year. The minimum wage for 2012 is currently 4,611 rubles. It is noteworthy that these figures “migrated to us from 2011, and the government has not yet decided to increase the minimum wage in 2012. This figure is generalized for all of Russia. In individual regions, depending on their development, the size of the minimum wage is different, so we provide a complete list of the 2012 minimum wage by constituent entity of the Russian Federation (regions). However, regions cannot set the value minimum wage less than the all-Russian one.
http://www.audit-it.ru/news/personnel/493933.html
The official value of the minimum wage in 2012 for Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The data is current today.
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Central Federal District | ||
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Russian Federation | ||
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Belgorod region | ||
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Bryansk region | ||
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Vladimir region | ||
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Voronezh region | ||
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Ivanovo region | ||
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Kaluga region | ||
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Kostroma region | ||
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Kursk region | ||
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Lipetsk region | ||
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Moscow region | ||
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Oryol Region | ||
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Ryazan Oblast | ||
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Smolensk region | ||
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Tambov Region | ||
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Tver region | ||
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Tula region | ||
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Yaroslavl region | ||
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Moscow | ||
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Northwestern Federal District | ||
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Republic of Karelia | ||
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Northern part of the Republic of Karelia: Belomorsky district, Kalevalsky district, Kemsky district, Loukhsky district, Kostomuksha | ||
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Komi Republic | ||
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Arhangelsk region | ||
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Vologda Region | ||
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Kaliningrad region | ||
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Leningrad region | ||
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Murmansk region | ||
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Novgorod region | ||
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Pskov region | ||
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Saint Petersburg | ||
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Nenets Autonomous Okrug | ||
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Southern Federal District | ||
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Republic of Adygea | ||
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Republic of Kalmykia | ||
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Krasnodar region | ||
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Astrakhan region | ||
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Volgograd region | ||
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Rostov region | ||
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North Caucasus Federal District | ||
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The Republic of Dagestan | ||
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The Republic of Ingushetia | ||
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Kabardino-Balkarian Republic | ||
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Karachay-Cherkess Republic | ||
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Republic of North Ossetia–Alania | ||
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Chechen Republic | ||
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Stavropol region | ||
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Volga Federal District | ||
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Republic of Bashkortostan | ||
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Mari El Republic | ||
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The Republic of Mordovia | ||
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Republic of Tatarstan | ||
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Udmurt republic | ||
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Chuvash Republic | ||
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Perm region | ||
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Kirov region | ||
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Nizhny Novgorod Region | ||
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Orenburg region | ||
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Penza region | ||
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Samara Region | ||
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Saratov region | ||
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Ulyanovsk region | ||
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Ural federal district | ||
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Kurgan region | ||
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Sverdlovsk region | ||
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Tyumen region | ||
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for employees of budgetary, government, autonomous institutions and autonomous non-profit organizations established by the Tyumen region or municipalities of the Tyumen region | ||
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for employees of the non-budgetary sector of the economy | ||
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Chelyabinsk region | ||
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Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra | ||
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Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | ||
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Siberian Federal District | ||
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Altai Republic | ||
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The Republic of Buryatia | ||
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Tyva Republic | ||
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The Republic of Khakassia | ||
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Altai region | ||
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Transbaikal region | ||
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Krasnoyarsk region | ||
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for the regions of the Far North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: | ||
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Norilsk, Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky municipal district | ||
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Severo-Yeniseisky district | ||
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Turukhansky district - north of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska and Turukhan rivers, Evenki municipal district - north of parallel 63° north latitude, south of parallel 63° north latitude | ||
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south of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska and Turukhan rivers, Kezhemsky district | ||
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Yeniseisk, Lesosibirsk, Bogachansky district, Yenisei district, Motyginsky district, | ||
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Irkutsk region | ||
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Kemerovo region | ||
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Novosibirsk region | ||
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Omsk region | ||
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Tomsk region | ||
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in the Far North and the city of Kolpashevo (Tomsk region) | ||
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Far Eastern Federal District | ||
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The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | ||
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Kamchatka Krai | ||
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Primorsky Krai | ||
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Khabarovsk region | ||
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Amur region | ||
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In the northern zone of the Amur region | ||
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Magadan Region | ||
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Sakhalin region | ||
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Jewish Autonomous Region | ||
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Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | ||
Experts from the auditing and consulting company FBK compiled a ranking of countries based on the minimum wage, calculated in dollars at purchasing power parity based on average annual indicators for 2011. Our country took 40th place there with $197 (4,611 rubles), behind Belarus ($304, 36th place) and Ukraine ($240, 39th place). The leader of the ranking was Luxembourg ($1,766), followed by Holland and Belgium (1,622 and 1,565, respectively). And the lowest minimum wage is set in Kyrgyzstan - $24.
There are 52 lines in the ranking, which practically corresponds to the number of states that have ratified the International Labor Organization and UN Convention No. 131 “On Minimum Wages.” A number of countries were not included in the ranking due to the lack of uniform minimum wages. For example, in Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, China, Vietnam and some other countries there are separate minimum wages by type of activity, region, profession and skill level. Of course, if analysts had included Denmark, Finland and Germany in the rating, Russia would have been even lower there. And the increase in the minimum wage from January 2013 to 5.2 thousand rubles. is unlikely to significantly change the situation of the Russian Federation.
However, as Georgy Petrov, vice-president of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, explained to RBG, foreign partners note that Russia is ceasing to be a country with cheap labor: “In this market we already look quite decent, on par with the states of Central and Eastern Europe. And taking into account situation in the EU, our position is already better than in a number of EU countries." And, of course, there is no need to equate the minimum wage with the income level of the population. If in Luxembourg 1,766 dollars is the real salary of a specialist of a certain qualification, then in our country it is only a unit, to which various allowances, markups, bonuses, etc. are added. And therefore, there is no point in endlessly increasing the minimum wage, Georgy Petrov believes, since, along with an increase in contributions to the Pension Fund, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and other funds, this will provoke entrepreneurs to return to “gray” salaries. “Another thing,” he says, “is that the rating reflects another problem: the income gap between the poorest class and the rich. Our Ginny coefficient has not improved recently and does not contribute to socio-economic stability in the country.” This is confirmed by an FBK study showing the ratio of the minimum wage to GDP per capita. Pakistan (81.67%) and Ecuador (79.14%) are leading here by a wide margin. Russia dropped to 49th place with 18.34%.
The abbreviation MROT stands for minimum wage and is used in modern economics for many purposes. Let's consider the dynamics of the minimum wage, as well as the features of the indicator.
What is it and why is it necessary?
The minimum wage is the minimum wage established at the federal level. He can pay for a certain period of time– hour, day, week, month, year.
The employer undertakes to pay his employee exactly the amount that is established, no less (more is possible). This bar can be set legally and informally.
Although this indicator is used in most countries of the world, there is no clear opinion regarding the benefits and harms of its use.
Eat multiple tasks, for the solution of which the minimum wage indicator is used:
- optimal regulation of labor wages;
- the possibility of determining the amount of benefits for temporary disability;
- settlement actions for the payment of benefits related to pregnancy and childbirth;
- compulsory social insurance.
Regulatory acts and planned innovations
Regulations on certain procedures are established in the Labor Code, Article 133. According to the current provisions of the law, the monthly payment for the work of an employee who has fully worked for a given period is cannot be lower than the minimum payment rate.
The establishment of the optimal indicator is carried out within the framework of federal legislation. If we talk about the data for 2015, then this parameter was 5965 rubles, and from the next year it increased by 250 rubles. In 2017, this criterion increased even more. In 2018, in January the minimum wage was 9,489 rubles, from May 1 - 11,163 rubles.
According to Part 1 of Art. 133, the minimum wage established throughout the country cannot be smaller value than the cost of living.
If an employer pays employees wages that do not exceed the minimum wage, then this may lead to administrative liability in the future.
Minimum wage in Russia
Let's look at a table that shows the dynamics of growth of the indicator over the years - from 2008 to 2018.
| Annual period for establishing the minimum wage | Minimum wage value, rubles |
|---|---|
| Since 2009, from January 1 | 4330 |
| Since 2011, from June 1 | 4611 |
| Since 2013, from January 1 | 5205 |
| Since 2014, from January 1 | 5564 |
| From 2015, from January 1 | 5965 |
| From 2016, from January 1 | 6204 |
| Since 2016, from July 1 | 7500 |
| From 2017, from July 1 | 7800 |
| From 2018, from January 1 | 9489 |
| From 2018, from May 1 | 11 163 |
Based on the tabular data, we can conclude that in recent years there have been active growth rates of this indicator. The closer we get to 2017-2018, the more the minimum wage increases. Practice includes several cases, in which the recalculation of this value was observed 2 times a year, in particular in 2016, 2018, and changes twice a year occurred in 2001, 2005.
How much is the cost of living?
In Russia there is a law according to which the minimum wage must be no less than the subsistence level. In 2018, in this regard, there was the equation, and the quantities have identical meanings.
Since the beginning of 2018, the minimum wage has been 85% of the subsistence level and equaled the amount of 9,489 rubles. As of May The minimum wage is equal to the subsistence level.
Federal minimum wage
In general, on the territory of Russia it is established two indicators– for calculation of wages and for calculating penalties, penalties, benefits.
To calculate salaries
From January 2002 to the beginning of 2010, the minimum wage indicator was used to regulation of wages and determination of the dimensional values of various benefits.
Until 2002, this criterion was also used to solve other problems. For example, to accurately determine the amount of benefits for temporary disability, for compensation for harm at work, occupational diseases and other injuries. In order to solve these problems, since 2018, an indicator of RUB 11,163.
In many Russian regions, it is also used to determine remuneration for labor actions. regional minimum wage. That is, it turns out that legislators in certain regions have the right to set their own wages.
Eat several sides, by which the optimal minimum wage indicator is determined:
- the government that is responsible for the economy of a particular subject, its role can be a locality, region, region or region;
- associations related to employers, these can be unions of artisans, industrial workers, entrepreneurs;
- Federation of Trade Unions.
After all agreements have been negotiated, employers are invited to join the new rules.
For fines, taxes, penalties
If it is necessary to determine exactly these quantities, then previously for these purposes it was practiced to use base amount. Its size has undergone numerous changes since 2001 and remained equal to 100 rubles.
But at present, the dependence of the fine amount on the minimum payment amount is established by law, which regulates these amounts in fixed amounts. For example, fines for administrative or criminal offenses are not counted in the minimum wage indicator, but are expressed in the form specific amount.
It turns out that at present, penalties and other sanctions, in accordance with the general requirements of Russian legislation, are subject to calculation in fixed amounts and are not related to the minimum wage. In connection with this reason, the base amount, which was previously used in the process of calculating and calculating penalty amounts, is currently considered irrelevant.
But today the minimum wage is relevant when determining minimum wages and calculating the amounts of social benefits due.
Minimum wage in large regions
If we consider the data for 2018, then in almost all regions the level of 11,163 rubles applies. In some - higher.
85 regions of Russia have established a minimum wage.
Living wage and consumer basket
The subsistence level is the minimum income level, which is the necessary amount to ensure and maintain the average standard of living in the country. This indicator represents approximate cost of the consumer basket.
The cost of living is calculated separately for each region. It is also determined for various categories of the population - pensioners, children, able-bodied citizens.
approximate estimated list of commodity items, which characterizes the typical structure of annual consumption of one person. This value can also be calculated for the whole family.
It is advisable to use this set for settlement transactions for the minimum consumer budget (subsistence level). This is a kind of basis for comparing the calculated and real consumer levels.
If we consider the structural composition of the annual consumer basket, then for an able-bodied person it includes next year's product set:
- potatoes – 100.4 kg;
- bread products (bread and pasta in terms of cereals, flour, legumes) – 126.5 kg;
- vegetables and melons - 114.6 kg;
- fresh fruits - 60 kg;
- meat products and semi-finished products – 58.6 kg;
- fish products - 18.5 kg;
- milk and dairy products - 290 kg;
- vegetable oil, margarine and other fats - 11 kg;
- eggs – 210 pcs;
- other products (salt, tea, spices) - 4.9 kg.
In addition, it is worth taking into account non-food products, which include half the amount spent on food. In addition, it is worth taking into account utility bills and other services, which are conventionally taken as 50% of the cost of the food basket.
Responsibility for paying wages below the minimum wage
If an employer pays an employee a salary below the subsistence level, he bears some responsibility.
- Administrative– in this case we are talking about a fine in the amount of 1000 to 5000 rubles. For legal entities, these figures increase and range from 30,000 to 50,000 rubles. Commercial work may be suspended for 3 months.
- Criminal. It implies the need to pay a fine in the amount of 100,000 to 500,000 rubles. or deprivation of the right to hold leadership positions for 3 years. In some cases, the punishment involves imprisonment.
Thus, the minimum wage plays important role in the life of the country and regions. A competent approach to its calculation guarantees the people a good standard of living.
