Account 90 separate accounting. Subaccounts in action: accounting entries for sales

22.09.202027.05.2017

Score 90 accounting- this is an active-passive “Sales” account, used to reflect information related to the sale of finished products for the main activity of the enterprise. The account is one of the most difficult in terms of accounts. Its peculiarity is that at the end of the period it must be closed without any balance. Using standard wiring and practical examples For dummies, we will understand the specifics of using account 90 and consider closing account 90 at the end of the month and at the end of the year.

The financial result from sales from the main activity is reflected on the account monthly. During the year, the account accumulates the financial result of the enterprise's main activities.

Scheme of movements according to analytical subaccounts account 90 is reflected in the table:

The main activity of the enterprise can be:

sale of finished products and semi-finished products (own production);
services of a non-productive or production nature;
sale of purchased goods;
construction, installation, research, geological exploration, etc.;
rent;
transport services;
transportation of passengers;
other.

Subaccounts of account 90

Closing a synthetic account is provided at the expense of your own analytical accounts. Some of them are active, some are passive. The difference between the active and passive balance is closed to account 90.09.

Sub-accounts can be opened for account 90:

90.1 - “Revenue”. The revenue subaccount reflects the amount of proceeds from sales. This is a passive subaccount;
90.2 - “Cost of sales”. Active subaccount reflects the cost of goods sold;
90.3 - “VAT on sales”. The VAT account is also active, in correspondence with account 68 it reflects the amount of VAT accrued to the budget;
90.4 - “Excise taxes”. The active excise subaccount reflects excise taxes included in the amount of goods sold;
90.9 - “Profit (loss) from sales.” The subaccount acts as a regulator; all other subaccounts are closed to it.

Typical correspondence for account 90:

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Closing 90 accounts, postings

At the end of the month, the sales result is formed in subaccount 90.9. It happens like this:

The balance is calculated for each subaccount.
The total turnover for all subaccounts (debit and credit) is calculated, and the credit turnover is subtracted from the debit turnover. A positive balance means a loss, a negative balance means a profit.
The financial result is reflected using account 90.9 and written off to account 99, in accordance with the accounting rules. Profit is reflected by posting Dt 90.9 - Kt 99.1, loss - Dt 99.1, Kt 90.9.

Thus, at the end of the month, each subaccount 90 has a balance, but there should be no balance on the synthetic account.

At the end of the year, each subaccount of account 90.x is closed to 90.9. Debit subaccounts are closed by posting Dt 90.9 - Kt 90.x, credit - Dt 90.x - Kt 90.9.

As a result, the balance of account 90 at the end of the year will be reset to zero. This process is part of the balance sheet reform carried out at the end of each year.

With the beginning of the new year, the account will be opened again, from scratch.

Examples of transactions using 90 accounts

Example 1

Artel Group LLC sold two batches of goods in May 2016. The cost of the 1st batch amounted to 90,000.00 rubles, revenue - 130,000.00 rubles. The cost of the 2nd batch was 96,000.00 rubles, the revenue amounted to 148,000.00 rubles. VAT accrued for the 1st batch - 19,830.42 rubles, for the 2nd batch - 22,576.27 rubles.

We calculate the sales result for the month: credit turnover (revenue), 130,000 + 148,000 minus debit turnover (VAT + cost), 19,830.42 + 22,576.27 + 90,000 + 96,000, it turns out 49,593.31 rubles.

The following entries were made for account 90 to reflect the sales results of Artel Group:

Dt	CT	Description of operation	Amount, rub.	Document
62	90.1	Reflection on the implementation of the 1st batch	130 000,00	Act
90.3	68	VAT accrual on sales	19 830,42	SF issued
90.2	43	Reflection of the cost of the 1st batch	90 000,00	Accounting certificate
62	90.1	Reflection of the implementation of the 2nd batch	148 000,00	Act
90.3	68	VAT calculation	22 576,27	SF issued
90.2	43	The cost of the 2nd batch is reflected	96 000,00	Accounting certificate
90.9	99	We reflect the sales result (profit) for May	49 593,31	Accounting certificate

Example 2

In 2016, Basis Prom LLC received revenue of RUB 2,360,000, including VAT of RUB 360,000. The cost of production was 850,000 rubles. Selling expenses - 205,000 rubles.

Let's do the calculations. Profit from sales is equal to: 2,360,000 - 360,000 - 850,000 - 205,000 = 945,000 rubles.

Accordingly, the following entries were generated for account 90 to reflect the sales results of “Bazis Prom”:

On December 31, 2016, the Basis Prom accountant closes the year. The first step is to close the 90 account. To do this, each subaccount is closed separately. Postings for the last day of the year will look like this.

Data on the organization’s income and expenses for ordinary activities is collected throughout the year on account 90, where the financial result from economic activity, which constitutes the main goal of the organization.

By account credit 90 income is reflected,

By debit– expenses of the organization, as well as deductions from revenue (VAT, export duties, excise taxes, etc.).

Sub-accounts are opened for account 90 “Sales”:

90-1 “Revenue” - to account for the receipt of assets recognized as revenue;

90-2 “Cost of sales” - to account for the cost of sales, for which revenue is recognized in subaccount 90-1 “Revenue”;

90-3 “Value added tax” - to account for the amount of value added tax due from the buyer (customer);

90-4 “Excise taxes” - to account for the amount of excise taxes included in the price of products (goods) sold;

Organizations that pay export duties can open a subaccount 90-5 “Export duties” to account 90 to record the amounts of export duties. In the same manner, a subaccount may be provided to account for sales tax, sales expenses and other target components of the price.

To reflect the financial result, which is the difference between sales revenue and the cost of products sold (work, services), subaccount 90-9 “Profit / loss from sales” is used.

During the month, operations to record income and expenses on account 90 “Sales” are reflected as follows:

At the end of each month, the accountant compares the amount of debit turnover in subaccounts 90-2 to 90-8 with credit turnover in subaccount 90-1. The resulting result is the profit or loss from sales for the month. This amount is recorded as the final turnover of the reporting month in the debit of account 90-9 and the credit of account 99 “Profits and Losses” - in case of profit, or in the debit of account 99 and the credit of account 90-9 - in case of loss. Thus, at the end of each month, synthetic account 90 “Sales” has no balance at the reporting date. However, all subaccounts of this account have a debit or credit balance, the value of which accumulates starting from January of the reporting year.

Until the end of the reporting year, as a rule, there should be no write-offs on the subaccounts of account 90 “Sales”.

At the end of the reporting year, after writing off the financial result for December, all subaccounts within account 90 are closed. In this case, the balances on them are transferred to subaccount 90-9:

Debit 90-1, Credit 90-9 – the balance of the “Revenue” subaccount is written off;

Debit 90-9, Credit 90-2, 90-3, 90-4, 90-5, 90-6, 90-7, 90-8 – the balance of subaccounts of account 90 is written off.

As a result of these entries, as of January 1 of the new reporting year, subaccounts account 90 do not have a balance.

Account 90 “Sales” is used to display all the information necessary to determine the financial results of the company’s activities for ordinary activities

Account 90 in accounting is used by legal entities to collect information on the company’s normal activities, which allows them to determine the financial results of the activity. It displays all received income and incurred costs directly related to the normal activities of the company (sale of finished products, goods, semi-finished products, provision of services for leasing premises, freight forwarding services, etc.).

A count of 90 is considered active-passive. To exercise control over activities and calculate financial results, additional sub-accounts are opened:

90.01. Revenue - receipts from customers for goods sold, work performed, services rendered. The subaccount is passive: the loan shows the amount of revenue received in correspondence with the account for mutual settlements with customers.
Revenue is recorded in monetary terms and is equal to the assets received from the buyer and (or) the amount of the resulting receivables (for example, in case of incomplete payment for goods or when selling goods or services on a deferred payment basis).

To recognize revenue, the following conditions must be met:

there is confirmation of the company’s right to receive this revenue (existence of an agreement);

you can determine the full amount of revenue;

there is confidence that the company will receive economic benefits from this transaction: assets have been received as payment or there is confidence in their receipt in the future;

ownership of the sold products has been transferred to the buyer (the work has been completed and there is confirmation, for example, a document has been signed);

the costs associated with a given operation can be calculated.
90.02. Cost price sales - active subaccount. Transactions on this account are displayed simultaneously with the posting of revenue in correspondence with the accounts for assets sold to the buyer (43,41,44,20, etc.)
For businesses involved agriculture: when selling products according to Dt90, the planned cost of products during the reporting period is recorded, as well as the resulting difference between the planned and actual cost at the end of the year.

For retail sellers and those who record goods at sales prices: the debit account 90 records the accounting price of products sold. At the same time, the amounts of discounts provided (added mark-ups on goods) that were related to goods sold in correspondence with account 42 are reversed.

Practical example.

Solnyshko LLC purchased 30 phones from a supplier (the purchase price of the goods was 9.5 thousand rubles per unit, including VAT) for subsequent resale. Accounting for LLC goods is carried out at purchase prices. The selling price of the phone is 11 thousand rubles. per piece This product was purchased for the first time and was fully sold within a month.

Reflection of business transactions:

Dt41 Kt60 - 241.5 thousand rubles - receipt of phones from the supplier.

Dt19.03 Kt60 - 43.5 thousand rubles - accounting for input VAT.

Dt50 Kt90.1 - 330 thousand rubles. - revenue received from the sale of phones.

Dt90.3 Kt68 - 50.3 thousand rubles. - VAT payable to the Federal Tax Service.

Dt90.02 Kt41 - 241.5 thousand rubles. - write-off of the accounting value of goods sold.

ANALYSIS OF SCH.90

S start

Analysis of invoice 90 showed that this markup is enough to cover expenses and make a profit from the sale of phones (More details about calculating the markup in the video).
90.03. VAT: this subaccount records information about value added tax, which the seller must receive from the customer and subsequently transfer to the Federal Tax Service.
90.04. To reflect information about the amount of excise taxes that is included in the price of sold assets.
90.05. Amounts of duties on export of products.
90.09. This subaccount is the calculated financial result for the company’s normal activities. It is active-passive: the debit balance reflects the company’s loss in the current period, the credit balance reflects the profit received.

Determination of financial result

Information on sub-accounts for accounting for revenue, cost, VAT and excise taxes is recorded cumulatively during the reporting period. Every month, the debit balance (cost, excise taxes, VAT) is compared to the credit balance (revenue). The result obtained is the financial result of the activity - data from all sub-accounts will be reflected in one amount on sub-account 90.09. At the end of the month (closing operation), the financial result of the organization’s work from subaccount 90.09 is transferred to the debit or credit of account 99, respectively.

Analytical monitoring

Analytical monitoring of accounting account 90 is organized in the company for each type of goods or services sold in a given reporting period (organization nomenclature). Also, for more detailed management accounting, analytics can be carried out by sales geography, company divisions and other areas.

Regulatory framework

The use of account 90 to summarize the information necessary when calculating the financial results of an enterprise for ordinary activities is carried out in accordance with the current Chart of Accounts, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94 and other legally approved documentation (for example, PBU 9/99 for determining the organization's revenue).

You can view the current chart of accounts here.

Accounting entries for main business transactions with account 90

Receipt of funds from the buyer for sold products, works, services:
Dt50 Kt90.01 - cash payment;

Dt51 Kt90.01 - through a current account;

Dt52 Kt90.01 - receipts in foreign currency;
Display of sales revenue:
Cost display:
Dt90.02 Kt20 - cost of work, services;

Dt90.02 Kt41 - accounting price of goods.
Reversal of trade margins at retail enterprises:
VAT and excise taxes included in the cost of goods sold:
Dt90.03 Kt68 - VAT;

Dt90.04 Kt68 - excise taxes.
Financial result for ordinary activities:
Dt99 Kt90.09 - loss;

Dt90.09 Kt99 - profit.

Victor Stepanov, 2017-12-04

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Reference materials on the topic

The account is intended to determine the financial result for ordinary activities 90 "Sales".

According to the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation “On approval of the chart of accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations and instructions for its application,” the following sub-accounts are opened on the account:

90-01 "Revenue";

90-02 “Cost of sales”;

90-03 "VAT";

90-04 "Excise taxes";

90-09 “Profit/loss from sales.”

To avoid difficulties when filling out form No. 2 “Profit and Loss Statement”, to the account 90 Additional sub-accounts have been created:

90-06 "Sales expenses";

90-07 "Management expenses".

At the end of the month, business expenses are debited from the account 44 to the debit of the subaccount 90-06 . Debit account turnover 90-06 reflected in the “Profit and Loss Statement” using line code 030 “Business expenses”.

General business expenses are debited from the account at the end of the month 26 to the debit of the account 90-07 . Debit account turnover 90-07 reflected in the “Profit and Loss Statement” using line code 040 “Administrative expenses”.

By order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation “On approval of the chart of accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations and instructions for its application” on the account 90 It is recommended to keep analytical records by type of activity. This allows you to determine the financial result for each type of goods sold, products, work performed, services provided. Types of activities are stored in the directory " Types of activities" (main menu " Accounting setup") in the folder " Sale«.

Moreover, to build tax return for VAT and checking the correctness of VAT calculations, analytical accounting in sub-accounts 90-01 "Revenue" and 90-03 “VAT” is maintained additionally according to VAT rates; for this, a third analytics is used. According to the third analytics, it is necessary to determine only turnover, and there is no need to obtain the balance in terms of VAT rates. To do this, in the chart of accounts on subaccounts 90-01 And 90-03 the third analytics is set to “Revolutions only”. VAT rates are stored in the directory " Analysts" (main menu " Accounting setup") in the folder " Types of VAT rates«.

The financial result from sales for the reporting month is determined by comparing the debit turnover of subaccounts 90-02 "Cost of sales" 90-03 "VAT", 90-04 "Excise taxes" 90-06 "Sales expenses" 90-07 “Administrative expenses” and credit turnover on the subaccount 90-01 "Revenue."

The resulting result is the profit or loss from sales for the month.

This amount is recorded as the final turnover of the reporting month from the subaccount 90-09 “Profit/loss from sales” to the subaccount 99-FR“Profit/loss for the reporting year.”

In case of profit, the following transactions are generated:

In the event of a loss, the following transactions are generated:

Thus, at the end of each month, the synthetic account 90 has no balance at the reporting date. However, all subaccounts of this account have a debit and credit balance, the value of which accumulates from the beginning of January of the reporting year. Until the end of the reporting year, there should be no write-offs on subaccounts 90 of account.

The program writes off profit or loss from sales for the month from a subaccount 90-09 to a subaccount 99-FR occurs automatically when registering an accounting calculation in the folder “ CLOSING THE PERIOD" with the operation rule " 2. 06.Closing 90-09 at 99«.

Rice. 14-2 – Closing 90-09 at 99

To analyze the financial result obtained for the reporting month for ordinary activities, you can build a report “ Expanded balance and turnover» per month according to account 90-09 by type of activity.

Rice. 14-3– Formation of an expanded balance and turnover for account 90-09

Rice. 14-4 – Expanded balance and turnover on account 90-09

The debit turnover of the account shows the profit from sales for the reporting month, the credit turnover shows the loss from sales for the reporting month.

The ending debit balance shows the profit from sales since the beginning of the year, and the credit balance shows the loss from sales since the beginning of the year.

Sales, income and expenses, calculation of financial results

Formation of financial results

To account for the current profit of the organization, account 99 “Profits and losses” is used. It is intended to identify the final financial result of the organization’s activities for the current period (reporting year). Records are kept on it monthly throughout the year. There should be no balance on this account on the first day of the new year.

To generate information about the financial result during the month, a system of synthetic accounts provided for in the chart of accounts is used to record income and expenses:

Account 90 “Sales” (income and expenses for the main activity)
Account 91 “Other income and expenses” (other operating and non-operating income and expenses)
Account 99 “Profits and losses” (to determine the total profit or loss for the organization)

Account 90 “Sales” is intended to generate information on income and expenses for conducting normal activities of the organization during the month. Account 90 “Sales” generates the financial result from economic activities, which constitute the main purpose of creating the organization. It represents the difference between sales revenue and the cost of products (works, services) sold.

Account 91 “Other income and expenses” is intended to generate information about other income and expenses that are not the main activity. For example, expenses and income from the sale of fixed assets or materials, exchange rate differences, etc. Account 91 “Other income and expenses” reflects all operating and non-operating income and expenses (except for extraordinary income and expenses and income tax expenses, which are reflected in account 99 “Profits and losses”).

At the end of each month, the balance (difference) of income and expenses from accounts 90 “Sales” and 91 “Other income and expenses” is transferred to account 99 “Profits and losses”.

Account 99 “Profits and Losses” reflects: profit or loss written off from accounts 90 and 91, income and expenses associated with emergency situations, and the amount of accrued income tax. As a result, account 99 “Profits and losses” reveals the organization’s net profit.

When reforming the balance sheet on December 31 of the calendar year, the amount of net profit of the reporting year, formed in the debit of account 99 “Profits and losses,” is transferred to the credit of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss).” This entry is made by the final posting of December of the reporting year in such a way that as of January 1 of the year following the reporting year, account 99 “Profits and losses” has no balance. Account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” is included in the “Capital” section. The economic content of this account lies in the accumulation of profits not yet paid in the form of dividends (income) or retained earnings, which remain with the organization as an internal source of long-term financing.

The formation of profit or loss can be schematically represented as follows:

The main type of activity is account 90 “Sales”

To generate the financial result for the main activity of the enterprise, account 90 “Sales” is used. Account 90 “Sales” is used not only to calculate the result of the sale of products, goods, works, services for the reporting month, but also to generate cumulative data for the profit and loss statement. For this purpose, the following structure of account 90 “Sales” is provided.

On account 90 “Sales”, subaccounts are opened to reflect individual components of the financial result from sales.

To account for sales revenue, subaccount 90.1 “Sales Revenue” is used.

To account for the cost of products sold (goods, works, services) - subaccount 90.2 “Cost of sales”.

To account for value added tax included in the price of products sold (goods, works, services), subaccount 90.3 “Value added tax”.

Additionally, other sub-accounts may be opened. For example, to account for the excise tax provided for in the price of products sold, subaccount 90.4 “Excise taxes” can be used.

Likewise, a subaccount may be provided to account for sales tax and other expenses.

To calculate the result from sales, subaccount 90.9 “Profit/loss from sales” is used.

During the month, postings to account 90 “Sales” are made as follows:

Sales account structure

At the end of each month, the turnover on the specified subaccounts is compared: the sum of the debit turnover on subaccounts 90.2, 90.3, etc. is compared with the total credit turnover on subaccount 90.1. The difference represents the profit or loss on sales for the current month. This amount is recorded as the final date of the month in the debit of account 90.9 and the credit of account 99 “Profits and losses” (in case of profit) or in the debit of account 99 “Profits and losses” and the credit of account 90.9 (in case of loss).

Thus, at the end of each month there should be no balance (remaining) on the synthetic (general) account 90 “Sales”. However, all subaccounts of this account have a debit or credit balance, the value of which increases from January to December of the reporting year.

In December of the reporting year, after writing off the financial result for the specified month, final entries are made within account 90 “Sales” to close all subaccounts. To do this, the corresponding balances are written off from all subaccounts to subaccount 90.9. Subaccounts 90.2, 90.3 are closed with credit entries to the debit of subaccount 90.9. The amount from subaccount 90.1 is written off from the debit to the credit of subaccount 90.9. As a result of the entries made, as of January 1 of the new reporting year, none of the subaccounts of account 90 “Sales” had a balance.

Also see the section “Accounting for sales and settlements with customers”.

Structure of the account of other income and expenses - 91 “Other income and expenses”

To account for income and expenses for non-core (other) activities 91 “Other income and expenses”. The structure and procedure for using this account is similar to account 90 “Sales”.

Other income and expenses of the organization, depending on their nature, conditions of implementation and areas of activity, are divided into:

operating income and expenses
non-operating income and expenses
extraordinary income and expenses

The following subaccounts are opened to account 91 “Other income and expenses”: 91.1 “Other income”, 91.2 “Other expenses”, 91.1 “Balance of other income and expenses”.

In subaccounts 91.1 “Other income” and 91.2 “Other expenses”, data is accumulated throughout the year by type of other income and expenses. This information is used to prepare income statements and other financial statements. Subaccount 91.9 “Balance of other income and expenses” is intended for the formation of a profit and loss account during the reporting year.

Account 90 Sales - application, postings

Each enterprise uses account 90 “Sales” in its accounting, which allows you to reflect those income and expenses that relate to ordinary activities - the sale of goods, products, services, works. This account is complex, as it includes several mandatory subaccounts.

Sub-accounts of account 90:

Accounting Features

The peculiarity is that entries for the first four sub-accounts are accumulated throughout the year. At the end of the year, the account is closed, as a result of which the balance of all subaccounts is reset to zero.

The financial result is calculated at the end of each month and is reflected in the 9th subaccount of account 90, so the total balance in account 90 at the end of the month is zero.

Accounting example:

The organization sells goods subject to VAT. The cost price is collected from the purchase price of goods reflected in account 41, and selling expenses collected in account. 44.

The initial data is as follows:

a batch of goods with a total cost of 100,000 rubles was purchased;
sales expenses amounted to 10,000 rubles;
the sale of this batch was carried out for a total cost of 236,000 rubles, including VAT.

Postings to account 90:

During each month, revenue is reflected, costs are formed and VAT is calculated on all transactions related to ordinary activities. At the end of the month, the financial result for the month is calculated, which is reflected in the 9th subaccount of account 90 in correspondence with account 99.

At the end of the year, the procedure for closing account 90 should be carried out.

How to close a 90 account?

Each separate subaccount (from 1st to 4th) accumulates a balance - a credit balance for the first subaccount, a debit balance for the rest.

At the end of the year, each subaccount has a total balance accumulated over 12 months. The task is to reset this balance for each subaccount, thereby the entire account 90 will have a balance of 0.

How to close account 90:

1st subaccount - posting D90.1 K90.9 is performed for the amount of the credit balance at the end of the year;
from the 2nd to the 4th subaccount - posting D90.9 K90.2 (90.3, 90.4) is performed for the amount of the debit balance for each subaccount;
9th subaccount - as a result of the actions indicated above, the balance on it will be equal to 0.

Thus, the postings for closing account 90 look like:

D90.1 K90.9 - the first one closes;
D90.9 K90.2 - the second one closes;
D90.9 K90.3 - the third closes;
D90.9 K90.4 - the fourth one closes.

The balance for each subaccount and for account 90 as a whole is equal to 0 at the end of the year. At the beginning of the year, the account should be opened again, again starting to accumulate cost, revenue and taxes on it.

Example of closing account 90:

We have these numbers at the end of the year. Black shows the final balance for each subaccount at the end of the year.

To close an account, you need to make the following transactions:

Sum	Operation	Debit	Credit
	Closing subaccount 1	90.1	90.9
	Closing subaccount 2	90.9
180000	Closing subaccount 3	90.9

Subaccount 90-1 “Revenue” takes into account receipts of assets recognized as revenue. Subaccount 90-2 “Cost of sales” takes into account the cost of sales, for which revenue is recognized in subaccount 90-1 “Revenue”. Subaccount 90-3 “Value added tax” takes into account the amount of value added tax due from the buyer (customer). Subaccount 90-4 “Excise taxes” takes into account the amounts of excise taxes included in the price of products (goods) sold. Organizations that pay export duties can open a subaccount 90-5 “Export duties” to account 90 “Sales” to record the amounts of export duties. Subaccount 90-9 “Profit / loss from sales” is intended to identify the financial result (profit or loss) from sales for the reporting month.

Account 90 in accounting

Until this moment, accounting of amounts based on the market value of the object of exchange is carried out on account 45.

When making payments in foreign currency, additional entries, adjusting the payment amount when exchange rate differences occur. The accountant debits account 90 (subaccount 90.01) to reflect the amount of revenue after shipment of goods at the rate established for the current date. After the buyer pays for the delivery, in the event of exchange rate differences, it is necessary to adjust the amount owed.

Accounting for dummies: learning the count of 90

The operation must be carried out immediately after the ownership of the sold product has been transferred to the buyer or the services (work) provided have been accepted by the customer. Typically, such a right arises when goods are shipped or when the results of work are transferred to the customer. Accounting entries characterizing the enterprise's recognition of revenue received are drawn up as follows:

dt 62 kt 90.01 for the amount received cash;
if the buyer uses a deferred payment, then the amount of each day of delay (calculated as a percentage of the delivery amount) is also reflected in the company’s revenue account: Dt 62 Kt 90.01.

At the end of the month, information about the accumulated amount of revenue from the main activity is written off to the credit of account 90.09, additionally reflecting the data in the balance sheet.

Account 90 in accounting: subaccounts, postings, examples for dummies

For this, specialized wiring D90-1K90-9 is used.

In order to reduce the debit balance to zero, the corresponding entry D90-9K90-2 is used.
Subsequently, by analogy, the value added tax amount, which was accrued at 90-3, is written off. The exact wiring is as follows: D90-9K90-3.
If there are duties and excise taxes, then it is necessary to determine the turnover and charge them to debit.
Next, in the column of profit or loss from sales, the final balance is calculated, as a result of all transactions it is reduced to zero.

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We talked in our consultation about what relates to income and expenses for ordinary activities.

Accounting account 90 is “sales”. subaccounts account 90

Costs The production (full) cost of manufactured products is formed on costing accounts and written off to account 41, 43, 45, 40. At this price, it is taken into account in the finished goods warehouse, where it is stored until the moment of sale. When selling goods, products, providing various services and performing work, any organization incurs additional costs that are not included in the cost of manufactured products.

This type of cost is called commercial expenses, which arise as a result of the preparation and sale of products. These include, according to PBU No. 10/99, the costs of advertising, additional packaging, transportation and storage.

Account 90: what is reflected in debit and credit?!

Info

Thanks to the generalization of data and their grouping on account 90, an intermediate sales result is formed monthly - profit or loss, which at the end of the year is converted into a total reflected in financial statements. Structure 90 accounting account reflects both expenses incurred as a result of sales and revenue amounts. What is the account structure? The account in relation to the balance is active-passive.

A credit reflects an increase in income, and a debit reflects an increase in expenses. It turns out that credit turnover shows the total amount of funds received from the sale of products (services or work), and debit turnover, on the contrary, shows the total costs incurred for the manufacturing and sales process. Does the account have a closing balance at the reporting date? If this were an account of the final economic result, then, of course, it would have a finite value. But in this case we will talk about the opposite.

Account 90 "sales"

There are only a few elements by which the final amount of revenue and cost are measured:

varieties of finished product units;
works and services for any purpose;
purchased goods to complete food units;
indication of construction, installation and repair activities;
product groups;
cargo transportation services;
loading and unloading operations;
rental of property;
transfer of authority over intellectual property rights.

These are the characteristics of an account in transaction accounting. All of them play an important role in the process of carrying out commercial work and its accounting. What is reflected in it in accounting According to the debit of this line, the appearance of a formed expense complex associated with production activities.

Important

This indicator is expressed in the cost of the product. If this measure is reflected in the posting, the credit column may include such directions as 41, 43, 44, 20. If we take into account credit 90, then it indicates the final indicator of the revenue that was received at the reporting time.

Debit turnover in these postings is reflected in section 62. For firms that specialize in the production of agricultural products, the observation of the dimensional cost indicator was revealed in accordance with the planned values. There is no reflection in the balance sheet, since it is reset to zero at the end of the reporting period.
This occurs according to certain economic rules, and only experienced accountants will be able to carry out this event. If we take into account the general scheme of this direction, we can note that it looks something like this.

Debit 90.

Account 90 which is reflected in debit and credit for dummies

Based on the results obtained, we can talk about the formation of profit or loss. The corresponding turnovers are written off from all subaccounts 90.01–90.07 to the debit 90.09 when a loss is formed at the end of the month, and to the credit 90.09 - the amount of profit. At the end of the year, all subaccounts of account 90 (except 90.09) are subject to closure by writing off their turnover to account 90.09. This method of organizing accounting is very convenient, since the data for each sub-account corresponds to the columns of the “Profit and Loss Statement” for all items of income and expenses of the enterprise for the main type of activity. Reflection of revenue on account 90 What is revenue? This is the amount of funds due to the organization from buyers or customers of its work (services) for products sold or services (work) performed. When funds of this kind are received, they should be reflected in the credit of subaccount 90.01.
It should be remembered that this account collects information about income only from the main activity. If receipts occurred as a result of other transactions, they are recorded in account 91.01. How to determine the main activity? Typically, these items are indicated in the accounting policy of the enterprise in the appropriate section.

If the organization's charter states that legal entity carries out any activity not prohibited by current legislation, then the main income is recognized as those amounts that are received regularly and their amount exceeds 5% of the total revenue received during the reporting period. Postings to account 90.01 Reflection of revenue amounts in accounting is accompanied by the preparation of postings. In subaccount 90.01, the receipt of funds is shown in the account credit.

90 account, what is reflected in debit and credit?! To understand the process, we will pay attention to some aspects of business activity based on accounting documentation.

Each enterprise undertakes to conduct monthly settlement activities for expenditure items, as well as for income and profit. Available in accounting documents strings used to efficiently execute them.

There are 3 such elements in total (90th, 91st, 99th), one of them is “Sales”. The total results for the entire reporting period are summed up, and after that the activity of the enterprise can be recognized as profitable or unprofitable.

Accounting activities are associated with a set of difficulties, but if you correctly compile alphanumeric entries, you can achieve good results and avoid various confusions and misunderstandings within this aspect.

Consistent implementation of actions will help the accounting department of the company take the company to another level of development and understand all the rules and subtleties of document accounting.

In the context of the material under consideration, we are most interested in the sales account, which is used to reflect actions related to the sale of product items, the provision of services and work.

In addition to these “merits,” this account is the main one in the entire accounting of VAT, excise taxes, and export duties, which are included in the total price of the product. Credit 90 has a large number of features that will be carefully and thoroughly studied within the framework of this material.

Why is it necessary to use it?!

Regardless of the type of economic activity that a particular enterprise conducts, all amounts characterizing profit are recorded in this account under the name “Sales”. It is extremely voluminous and has an extensive and varied structure.

It contains a large number of profitable and costly activities, which are recorded in separate analytical accounts of the balance sheet.

If an enterprise did not have the ability to collect this kind of information, it would be difficult for it to understand the sources of profit and areas of costs on its own.

By summarizing materials and grouping them on this account, a subtotal of sales is formed every month. And the result obtained at the end of the year is sent to documentation called “financial statements”.

Thus, this line is necessary in order to display all movements of working capital associated with the sale of product units.

Features and characteristics of the account!

To systematize information about profitability, the paragraph in question is used. In the counting plan, it is listed as an active-passive phenomenon, that is, it can partially be active in nature and at the same time be considered passive.

There are only a few elements by which the final amount of revenue and cost are measured:

varieties of finished product units;
works and services for any purpose;
purchased goods to complete food units;
indication of construction, installation and repair activities;
product groups;
cargo transportation services;
loading and unloading operations;
rental of property;
transfer of authority over intellectual property rights.

These are the characteristics of an account in transaction accounting. All of them play an important role in the process of carrying out commercial work and its accounting.

What is reflected in it in accounting?!

According to the debit of this line, the appearance of a formed expense complex associated with production activities is observed. This indicator is expressed in the cost of the product.

If this measure is reflected in the posting, the credit column may contain areas such as 41, 43, 44, 20. If we take into account credit 90, then it indicates the final indicator of the revenue that was received at the reporting time. Debit turnover in these postings is reflected in section 62.

For firms that specialize in the production of agricultural products, the observation of the dimensional cost indicator was revealed in accordance with the planned values.

There is no reflection in the balance sheet, since it is reset to zero at the end of the reporting period. This occurs according to certain economic rules, and only experienced accountants will be able to carry out this event.

If we take into account the general scheme of this direction, we can note that it looks something like this.

Debit 90. Within this column, the reflection of expenses in the form of cost is noticeable. Value added tax and sales costs are also included in the price. The result is summed up by the total value of expenses.
Credit 90 account shows a set of income areas expressed by revenue from the sale of product units. The balance includes the amount of income elements.

This is what this line looks like within the framework of correct and rational accounting. If you count all transactions on it correctly, then the result will be obtained quickly, and it will be able to reflect in detail the economic reality and the main commercial parameters.

Structure and purpose of components!

Conducting activities in accounting involves taking into account its structural elements, which are also presented in a wide variety.

We will look at each of them separately to draw certain conclusions.

Revenue. 90.1. In this case, income from sales is reflected. In this case, it does not matter which product units underwent the sales process - finished products or works, services and other services.
Cost of units sold. The mini-account that reflects this indicator looks like 90.2. Here, accounting measures are taken for the cost of products to be sold.
VAT. This concept often appears within the framework of accounting, but here it finds a specific application. Its reflection occurs according to 90.3. The VAT amount is expected to be displayed.
Excise taxes. 90.4 must be used for the purposes of accounting actions related to excise taxes, which are attributed to the price of sold product units.
Export duties. This is serial number 90.5. Such elements have a close relationship with the transferred commodity items.
Sales profit/loss. An element that contains the total result of the enterprise’s activities at the end of each period.

It can be noted that if we are talking about income, then they are noted in the loan. If we talk about expense areas, then they are reflected in debit.

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Features of analytical accounting

Analytics is carried out on elements that are subject to zeroing and closing at the end of each reporting period, and also transfer their residual values regarding profits and losses.

A card may have several characteristic subaccount turns.

1 – in relation to the proceeds;
2 – in relation to cost;
3 – in connection with the amounts of taxes;
4 – on accounting for excise duties;
5 – for payment of export duties and deductions;
9 – for the purpose of summing up the cumulative total.

Amounts that were accrued during the month, 1 - 4, are necessarily written off under the total amount. Next, a complete reset occurs through wiring with the 99th element.

For the purposes of analytical accounting operations, it is necessary to take into account a separate reflection for each type of product line.

Postings to the control unit

From a practical point of view, elements with serial numbers 90.3 – 90.5 are not used by all enterprises. To some extent, this has a clear mutual connection with the aspect that each tax system for an object has its own specifics, as do different areas of activity.

Typical transactions are presented in two main blocks - debit and credit. There are several groups of postings that reflect various financial activities, and we will look at the main areas.

Postings involving revenue recognition

Here are a few financial and accounting transactions that will allow you to determine revenue and properly record it.

D76K90.1 – we are talking about companies that are considered other creditors and debtors;
D50K90.1 - in this situation, correspondence involves an indication of the amount of income of individual divisions;
D50 (as well as D55, 51, 52) – in the event that proceeds from certain transactions are received at the seller’s address;
D79K90.1 - in this situation we are talking about indicating the amount of income from all transactions for the sale of various assets and finished products completed in a certain period of time;
D98K90.1 - within the framework of this operation, it is assumed that part of the proceeds will be attributed to income related to future periods when making advance payments.

So we looked at the features of this direction. And now it makes sense to consider the list of auxiliary wiring, which are also quite often used in practice.

Additional postings

Their set is not so wide, however, it is popular and in demand.

D90.2K41 (as well as 43, 40) - in the process of writing off commodity items or categories of finished product units;
D90.2K42 - in the process of reflecting trade margins within the framework of accounting.

There are several additionally used records that display a set of information about commercial work.

Total sales result based on monthly results and its formation

The calculation of turnover in all areas is carried out at the end of each month according to the calendar, and after that the financial result is displayed.

It can be positive or negative, which is determined in a certain way.

The balance is determined for all aspects, if any;
After this, the total turnover is added up, including several other important events.

The next month, this entire procedure is repeated, and the balance is transferred to each section of the newly opened sales section.

Similar manipulations are repeated until the end of the year. So we looked at what credit 90 of the account shows, and what transactions are usually displayed in it.

The procedure for determining the results for the year and a sample of actions

For every accounting specialist, the approach of the year to the end symbolizes that the accumulating element numbered 90 must be brought to zero. To do this, each mini-account is closed and a debit or credit of 90.9 is used.

This list of activities is carried out according to the following scheme.

The credit balance is subject to zero. For this, specialized wiring D90-1K90-9 is used.
In order to reduce the debit balance to zero, the corresponding entry D90-9K90-2 is used.
Subsequently, by analogy, the value added tax amount, which was accrued at 90-3, is written off. The exact wiring is as follows: D90-9K90-3.
If there are duties and excise taxes, then it is necessary to determine the turnover and charge them to debit.
Next, in the column of profit or loss from sales, the final balance is calculated, as a result of all transactions it is reduced to zero.

It turns out that we were able to fully complete the closure, and starting next year it will be opened for accounting for new transactions within the framework of business activities.

Conclusion, or summary of the above aspects!

The “Sales” column acts as an important and complex element of the accounting activities of any enterprise. It is used to maintain accounting transactions for all income and expense types of activities.

Through this element, all operations that are associated with shipments of commodity and product units are accumulated.

In addition, sections can perform other functions, for example, reflecting accrued value added tax, as well as other fees and contributions that are related to the transferred product units. It must be studied very carefully by accountants so that the total can be calculated rationally financial activities based on the results of the annual period.

Thus, following general rules, principles and recommendations for conducting transactions in balance sheet will allow the company to avoid problems with the tax authorities, as well as prevent all sorts of confusion and misunderstandings in paper terms.

There are several meanings and concepts that are displayed through this account, and if the operations are carried out correctly, the accountant can be calm about the commercial activity in general and about its elements in particular.

The final financial result (profit or loss) is formed from income and expenses from ordinary activities, as well as from other income and expenses.

Expenses for ordinary activities include expenses for the sale of goods, products, services, and work. To reflect all transactions related to sales, account 90 “Sales” is used.

Account 90 consists of several sub-accounts, each of which reflects its own operation.

Subaccounts of account 90 “Sales”:

90.1 – intended to reflect revenue from the sale of finished products, works, services – sales value. Entries in this sub-account are made only on credit in correspondence with the debit of the accounting account.

90.2 – reflects the cost of sold finished products, goods, works, services. Entries are made only on the debit of this subaccount in correspondence with the cost and cost accounts.

90.3 – intended for calculating VAT (value added tax) payable to the budget on goods and products sold. VAT payable is entered into the debit of this subaccount in correspondence with the accounting account.

90.9 – a generalizing sub-account in which the results of financial activities for the month are summed up: the total profit or loss for the month is displayed. Profit is reflected in the debit of the subaccount, and loss is reflected in credit. Postings to this subaccount are made in correspondence with.

Postings for the sale of goods and products

As mentioned above, account 90 reflects transactions related to sales. Moreover, not all sales can be reflected on account 90, but only those that are recognized as a normal activity of the organization. If, for example, materials or fixed assets are sold and this is not a common occurrence for the enterprise, but rather a one-time transaction, then such sales are reflected in.

The sale of goods, finished products, provision of services and performance of work is reflected in account 90 if these operations are the usual type of activity of the organization.

Standard accounting entries for account 90 “Sales”:

D62 K90.1 – reflects the sales value of goods, products, works, services sold.
D90.2 K43 – the cost of finished products for sale is written off.
D90.2 K41 – the cost of goods is written off;
D90.2 K44 – sales expenses written off;
D90.3 K68.VAT – VAT payable on goods and products sold;
D99 K90/9 – loss from sale;
D90/9 K99 – profit from sale.

Throughout the month, each completed sale in the organization is carried out through account 90, at the end of the month the final financial result (profit or loss) is displayed and reflected in subaccount 90/9.

Account 90 is complex, its peculiarity is that the balance on each individual sub-account accumulates throughout the month, that is, the final balance on the entire account is zero at the end of the month, and on each individual sub-account there is a balance: on 90.1 - credit, on 90.2 and 90.3 – debit.

The ending balance for each subaccount from the current month is transferred to the next, where it will act as the initial one. Thus, from month to month, the subaccounts of account 90 accumulate revenue, cost, and VAT. At the end of the year, it is necessary to completely close the account, so that the final balance for each subaccount is equal to 0.

ANALYSIS OF SCH.90
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