It tells about one people who, “to the shame of the tribes of the earth,” became so “hardened in their hearts” that they armed themselves against heaven itself. But the Master of earth and sky says: “Let’s wait.” If these people do not calm down in their militant unbelief and persist, then they, of course, “will be executed for their deeds.”
Vladimir Odoevsky, making a toast on February 2, 1838 at a historical dinner dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the literary activity of I.A. Krylov, said: “I belong to the generation that learned to read from your fables and still rereads them with new, always fresh pleasure.” This is said about the generation to which many Decembrists, Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, and Alexander Pushkin belong. It was probably not without reason that Nicholas I once New Year gave the heir a bust of the fabulist.
The Optina elders revered the fables of Ivan Krylov and more than once instructed their spiritual children with statements from them. Thus, Archimandrite Agapit (Belovidov) in the biography of the Venerable Elder Ambrose of Optina writes that in the elder’s hut, in the room of his cell attendant, there was a book of Krylov’s fables.
Father Ambrose often in the middle of the day, when receiving many people, entered the room of his cell attendant, Father Joseph, and had a quick lunch here. At the same time, he asked me to read one or two of Krylov’s fables aloud. It was read by those who were present here at that time - a visitor or visitor. Father loved Krylov's fables, finding them moral, and often resorted to them to teach his wise advice. So he ordered one visitor, a nun from the Shamordino monastery, to read aloud a fable entitled:
How many streams flow so peacefully and smoothly
And so they murmur sweetly for the heart,
Only because there is not enough water in them!
And in 1877, the Monk Anatoly Optinsky (Zertsalov) wrote to one of his spiritual children: “Remember the young horse Krylov: he could not understand not only others, but also himself. And when he began to push with action - now in the side, then in the back - well, he showed dexterity, for which the owner’s pots paid.” This is the horse from the fable:
As in people, many have the same weakness:
Everything in another seems like a mistake to us;
And you will get down to business yourself,
So you'll do something twice as bad.
Another time, the Monk Anatoly wrote to a young woman in Yelets, who was his spiritual child and was going to a monastery: “And Krylov, a secular writer, said his message not to you alone and not to me, but to the whole world, that is, whoever dances in the summer, it will be bad for him in the winter . Whoever, in the prime of his life, does not want to take care of himself, has nothing to look forward to when his strength is depleted and with the influx of infirmities and illnesses.”
A deep Christian thought is contained in a fable where the Writer who...
...the subtle one poured poison into his creations,
He instilled unbelief, rooted depravity,
He was like a Siren, sweet-voiced,
And, like Siren, he was dangerous, -
After his death in hell, he received a greater punishment than a highway robber. And the writer screams in the midst of torment that...
...he filled the light with glory
And if I wrote a little freely,
He was punished too painfully for that;
That he did not think of being a sinner.
However, if the sinful deeds of the Robber ended with his death, then the “poison of the creations” of the Writer “not only does not weaken, // But, spilling out, grows fiercer from time to time.”
This is why he received a harsher sentence:
Look at all the evil deeds
And to the misfortunes that are your fault!
There are children, shame on their families, -
Despair of fathers and mothers:
Who poisoned their minds and hearts? – you.
Reading Krylov’s works, you involuntarily think about the fact that perhaps it is the Christian meaning of his fables that makes his works immortal. So let us touch this “unstolen wealth” more often.
Elena Dobronravova
Parish bulletin of the Church of the Holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon
Panteleimonovsky Blagovest, No. 2(180)
Convoy drawing
Fable Convoy read text
A convoy walked with pots,
And you have to go down a steep mountain.
So, on the mountain, leaving others to wait,
The owner began to lightly move the first cart.
The good horse on his rump almost carried him,
Not letting the cart roll;
And the horse on top, young,
Scolds the poor horse for every step:
“Ah, vaunted horse, what a marvel!
Look: it molds like a cancer;
I almost got caught on a rock; askew! crooked!
Be brave! Here comes the push again.
And here I would just take it to the left.
What an ass! It would be nice to go uphill
Or at night, -
And even downhill, and during the day!
Look, you'll lose patience!
You would be carrying water if you don’t have the skill!
Look at us as we wave!
Don't be afraid, we won't waste a minute,
And we won’t bring our cart, but we’ll roll it!”
Here, arching your spine and straining your chest,
The horse and cart set off;
But she just tumbled downhill,
The cart began to push, the cart rolled;
The horse is pushed back, the horse is thrown sideways;
The horse took off on all four legs
To the glory;
There were tremors along the stones and potholes,
horse racing,
Left, left, and with the cart - crash into the ditch!
Goodbye master pots!
And you will get down to business yourself,
So you'll do something twice as bad.
Moral of the fable Oboz
As in people, many have the same weakness:
Everything in another seems like a mistake to us;
And you will get down to business yourself,
So you'll do something twice as bad.
Moral in your own words, the main idea and meaning of the Oboz fable
It's easy to criticize when you're just watching. And once you get down to business yourself, you will make even more mistakes.
Analysis of the fable Oboz
Fable by I.A. Krylov's "Oboz" teaches us that anyone can give advice to another on any matter, but as soon as he tries to do it himself, it is likely that he will not be able to do everything perfectly - the way he wanted it another did. The last quatrain clearly expresses the whole moral of this fable, which says that you should not listen to all kinds of advisers.
The horse in the fable identifies exactly the person who likes to give advice and criticize to everyone. But as soon as she harnessed herself, she did not manage to walk even a few steps before the owner’s pots were broken, and the entire cart ended up in a ditch.
Under the image of the horse was hidden the image of a man who does everything himself, but those around him, who believe that they know everything better than him, distract him from his work with their advice and moralizing.
Having transferred this fable to people, we can conclude that everyone can criticize, give advice and valuable instructions, and many people like to do this, but a truly smart and wise person should not listen to such advisers and pay attention to them, because they themselves As a rule, they may not understand anything about this activity and give advice only with the aim of increasing their own authority in the eyes of others.
He talks about a horse that laughs at another cautious one. And when she herself begins to transport the convoy, she breaks the pots.
Heroes of the fable (characters)
- The horse is praised
- young horse
Listen to Krylov's fable Oboz
Composition
The powerful always have the powerless to blame. This expression begins the fable “The Wolf and the Lamb” (1808). The work itself by Ivan Krylov was written based on a traveling plot popular in world literature, to which the most prominent fabulists of the world turned: Aesop, Phaedrus, J. de La Fontaine, etc. The Hungry Wolf found a Lamb in the forest and ate it, and before that he tried to justify his action by inventing The lamb has various accusations. The Lamb tries to refute them as baseless and untruthful, so the Wolf makes the last argument - he just wants to eat and therefore uses his right to be stronger.
The expression characterizes the actions and deeds of those who are helpful, but not very smart people who with their help do not bring any benefit, but cause damage, interfere, and worsen the situation. There is no beast stronger than a cat. The origin of the expression is connected with the fable “The Mouse and the Rat” (1816). According to the plot of the work, the Mouse joyfully tells the Rat that the lion caught the cat, but this news does not console her at all:
The Rat says in response to her:
The expression emphasizes the inconsistency between people who are doing a common task, their lack of joint efforts, which prevents them from working efficiently.
"A helpful fool more dangerous than the enemy" Expression of posture from the fable “The Hermit and the Bear” (1808). The work tells how the Hermit and the Bear became friends. One day the Hermit lay down to sleep, and the Bear protected his sleep and diligently drove the flies away from his friend. One of the flies turned out to be annoying: it sat first on the hermit’s cheek, then on his nose, and when it landed on his forehead, the Bear flew into a rage and, grabbing a stone, hit the fly with such force that he only killed it, but also cracked the skull of his comrade.
We hear countless examples of this in History,
"Don't rejoice, my light"
Even though he wears a caftan like this,
But we don’t write History;
What strength do you have - to grab a friend in the forehead with a stone!
I don’t have the energy to tell you again.
It truly is a chamber of miracles!
Yes, but things are still there.
And together the three all harnessed themselves to it;
Some are like emerald, others are like coral!
And you, friends, no matter how you sit down;
The luggage would seem light to them:
The expression is used in different versions in relation to people who pay attention to little things, but do not notice the most significant and important things.
Who is to blame and who is right is not for us to judge;
The Nightingale answers them, -
He grabbed a heavy cobblestone into his paws,
Yes, the Swan rushes into the clouds,
The cancer moves back, and the Pike pulls into the water.
“Dear friend, great! Where have you been?
He cut the coattails and the floors,
And Misha’s friend stayed there for a long time!
I saw everything, looked out; out of surprise
An expression from the fable “Quartet” (1811). Its characters - Monkey, Donkey, Goat and Bear - decided to form a musical quartet, but did not know how to play the instruments they had obtained and did not know a lot about notes. Assuming that things are not going well for them because they are sitting incorrectly, the animals change seats several times, but still the game does not work out for them, they go to Nightingale for advice, asking him to help them sit down, to which he answers them:
Here is Mishenka, without saying a word,
And your ears are gentler, -
If it reaches their claws,
Nature is no stranger to inventions!
The expression denotes situations when incompetent and unprepared people take on a certain task and therefore fail.
I am tea, did you think that you met a mountain?”
The expression is used in cases when someone is mistakenly, groundlessly, biasedly considered the most authoritative, the most important, the strongest in something, better than others.
He himself thinks: “Be quiet, I’ll blow your mind!”
They are doing their best, but the cart is still moving!
What butterflies, insects,
“Is he really there?” - "There".
“And don’t hope in vain!
How tiny the cows are!
Squatted down, doesn’t take a breath,
The blow was so deft that the skull split apart,
The powerful are always to blame for the powerless:
That is true, the lion will not be alive:
There are, really, less than a pinhead!”
But what they say in Fables
You’re still not fit to be musicians.”
I didn’t even notice the elephant. The origin of the expression is connected with the fable “The Curious” (1814). The fable tells about a meeting of two friends, during which one of them shares his impressions of visiting a museum, where he saw a lot of interesting things:
Yes, the Swan rushes into the clouds, the Cancer moves back, and the Pike pulls into the water. An expression from the fable “The Swan, the Pike and the Crayfish” (1816), which talks about how the main characters set out to pull a loaded cart together, but were never able to do this due to the fact that each was eager for his own element and moved according to his nature:
At the end of the work, the author draws a parallel between Trishka and some gentlemen who try to improve their financial situation. The expression is used to figuratively designate a person who tries to improve or correct some matters or circumstances at the expense of others, which inevitably causes damage and leads to the deterioration of both.
“To be a musician, you need skill
Which is longer and camisoles.
You're not fit to be a musician
The expression is used as an ironic explanation of the fact that physically stronger people, those with higher positions and opportunities, offend the weaker ones, using their advantages over them, abusing the rights and opportunities of the stronger one.
Trishkin caftan. Phraseologism from the satirical fable of the same name (1815). The main character of the fable, Trishka, has worn out his caftan at the elbows, and he cuts his sleeves to patch the holes. Everyone laughs at him, then Trishka finds another way out:
What animals, what birds I have never seen!
“In the Kunstkamera, my friend! I walked there for three hours;
I didn’t even notice the elephant.”
“Have you seen an elephant? What do you look like?
Boogers, flies, cockroaches!
There is no stronger beast than a cat!”
And, on a friend’s forehead, there was a fly lying in wait,
I adjusted my sleeves, and my Trishka is cheerful,
“Well, brother, it’s my fault:
Would you believe it, there will be no skill
In one not so thick book
Frogs and fishermen came together,
Donkeys, bears and monkeys,
Robbers and men.
There is Pug, Swan, Cancer and Pike,
Here are Trishka and Demyan with fish soup, -
Everything so that science
How to live without becoming dry.
So that in a semi-fairytale guise
The fable was livelier
To the gospel parable
Or rather, it touched my soul.
Monk Lazar (Afanasyev)
February 13, 2014 marks the 245th anniversary of the birth of the Russian poet, fabulist, writer, translator I.A. Krylova.
Ivan Andreevich Krylov was an employee of the Imperial Public Library, State Councilor, Full member of the Imperial Russian Academy, ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of Russian Language and Literature. He wrote more than 200 fables from 1809 to 1843, they were published in nine parts and were republished in very large editions for those times.
Krylov's popularity in his homeland exceeded all conceivable limits. According to his fables, representatives of the upper classes and children from ordinary families. The circulation of Ivan Andreevich's works many times exceeded the circulation of the works of contemporary writers and poets. Many expressions from Krylov's fables entered the Russian language as catchphrases.
To understand Krylov’s religious wisdom, let us remember another of his fables - “The Atheists.”
It tells about one people who, “to the shame of the tribes of the earth,” became so “hardened in their hearts” that they armed themselves against heaven itself. But the Master of earth and sky says: “Let’s wait.”
If these people do not calm down in their militant unbelief and persist, then they, of course, will be “executed for their deeds.”
Vladimir Odoevsky, giving a toast on February 2, 1838 at a historic dinner dedicated to the 50th anniversary of literary activity
I.A. Krylov, said: “I belong to the generation that learned to read from your fables and still rereads them with new, always fresh pleasure.” This is said about the generation to which many Decembrists, Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, and Alexander Pushkin belong. It was probably not without reason that Nicholas I once gave his heir a bust of the fabulist for the New Year.
The Optina elders revered the fables of Ivan Krylov and more than once instructed their spiritual children with statements from them. Thus, Archimandrite Agapit (Belovidov) in the biography of the Venerable Elder Ambrose of Optina writes that in the elder’s hut, in the room of his cell attendant, there was a book of Krylov’s fables.
Father Ambrose often in the middle of the day, when receiving many people, entered the room of his cell attendant, Father Joseph, and had a quick lunch here.
At the same time, he asked me to read one or two of Krylov’s fables aloud. It was read by those who were present here at that time - a visitor or visitor. Father loved Krylov's fables, finding them moral, and often resorted to them to teach his wise advice. So he ordered one visitor, a nun from the Shamordino monastery, to read aloud a fable entitled “The Stream”:
How many streams flow so peacefully and smoothly
And so they murmur sweetly for the heart,
Only because there is not enough water in them!
And in 1877, the Monk Anatoly Optinsky (Zertsalov) wrote to one of his spiritual children: “Remember the young horse Krylov: he could not understand not only others, but also himself. And when he started to push something - now in the side, then in the back - well, he showed dexterity, for which the owner’s pots paid.” This is the horse from the fable “Oboz”:
As in people, many have the same weakness:
Everything in another seems like a mistake to us;
And you will get down to business yourself,
So you'll do something twice as bad.
Another time, the Monk Anatoly wrote to a young woman in Yelets, who was his spiritual child and was going to a monastery: “And Krylov, a secular writer, said his “Dragonfly” not to you alone and not to me, but to the whole world, that is, whoever dances the summer, will It will be bad in winter. Whoever, in the prime of his life, does not want to take care of himself, has nothing to look forward to when his strength is depleted and with the influx of infirmities and illnesses.”
A deep Christian thought is contained in the fable “The Writer and the Robber,” where the Writer, who...
...the subtle one poured poison into his creations,
He instilled unbelief, rooted depravity,
He was like a Siren, sweet-voiced,
And, like Siren, he was dangerous, -
After his death in hell, he received a greater punishment than a highway robber. And the writer screams in the midst of torment that...
...he filled the light with glory
And if I wrote a little freely,
He was punished too painfully for that;
That he did not think of being a more sinful Robber.
However, if the sinful deeds of the Robber ended with his death, then the “poison of the creations” of the Writer “not only does not weaken, but, spreading, grows fiercer from time to time.” This is why he received a harsher sentence:
Look at all the evil deeds
And to the misfortunes that are your fault!
There are children, shame on their families, -
Despair of fathers and mothers:
Who poisoned their minds and hearts? - by you.
Reading Krylov’s works, you involuntarily think about the fact that perhaps it is the Christian meaning of his fables that makes these works immortal. So let us touch this “unstolen wealth” more often.
Elena Dobronravova
Newspaper “Panteleimon Blagovest”, parish bulletin of the church in the name of the holy great martyr and healer Panteleimon in Zhukovsky, No. 2 (180), February 2014.
We love to read fables since childhood. Many of us have in our memory images from fables that pop up in our heads in certain situations. These stories, small in size but with deep meaning, teach us wisdom and accompany us through life.
What is a fable?
A fable is a short moralizing story that is allegorically satirical in nature. In fables, as a rule, actors are not people, but animals that are inherently human personal qualities: cunning - for a fox, stubbornness - for crayfish or rams, wisdom - for an owl, stupidity - for a monkey. Objects can also act as the main characters in these short stories.
The form of speech of a fable is prose or poetry. Fables often contain motives of social criticism, but are often ridiculed human vices and wrong actions.
The emergence of satirical fables in Rus'
A fable is a story that appeared in Rus' as a translation of the works of Aesop in the early 17th century. The first translator was Fedor Kasyanovich Gozvinsky. It was he who first introduced the definition of fable as a literary genre. It was believed that a fable is a short work in prose or verse, which is built on the principles of allegory and contains a moralizing character. Truth was revealed through false history.
In the 18th century, Antioch D.K., Trediakovsky V.K., Sumarokov A.P., Khemnitser I.I. worked in this genre. They translated fable stories, mainly by Aesop, as well as works by European fabulists: Gellert H., Lessing G., Moore T., Jean de La Fontaine.
It was Ivan Ivanovich Khemnitser who was the first to start creating his own fable. In 1779, his collection entitled “NN's Fables and Tales in Verse” was published. The tradition of publishing his own fables was continued by Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, who tried to form a new, personal approach to literature. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the works of Izmailov A.E. were popular. However, the most significant contribution to the development fable genre consider the work of the great classic Ivan Andreevich Krylov. To this genre in different times Derzhavin, Polotsky, Khvostov, Fonvizin, Bedny and many others also applied.
What is a metaphor
A fable is a work in which the authors use metaphors - a type of tropes in which properties are transferred from one object to another. A metaphor is a hidden comparison in which the main words are actually omitted but are implied. For example, human negative qualities (stubbornness, cunning, flattery) are transferred to animals or inanimate objects.
Animal fables
In fact, the fable is about animal heroes with human character. They act like humans. Cunning is characteristic of a fox, cunning is characteristic of a snake. The goose is usually identified with stupidity. Leo is assigned courage, bravery and bravery. An owl is considered wise, while a ram or donkey is considered stubborn. Each of the characters necessarily has one characteristic feature person. The moralized natural history of animals from the fables was eventually compiled into a series of collections known as common name"Physiologist".
The concept of morality in a fable
A fable is a short story of an instructive nature. We often think that we shouldn’t think about what we read and look for the secret meaning in words. However, this is fundamentally wrong if we want to learn to understand each other better. You need to learn from a fable and think about it. The moral of the fable is its brief moral conclusion. It covers the entire problem rather than focusing on any specific episode. Fables are written in such a way that a person not only laughs at its content, but also understands his own mistakes and at least tries to improve for the better.
The benefits of fables
The problems of life that are satirized in fables are endless and endless. The most often criticized are laziness, lies, stupidity, ignorance, boasting, stubbornness, and greed. Each of us can find a character similar to ourselves in fables. All the situations that are described in these short satirical stories are very life-like and realistic. Thanks to irony, the fable teaches us not only to notice certain vices in ourselves, but also forces us to make attempts to improve ourselves. Reading humorous works of this nature has a very beneficial effect on a person’s psychological health.
In fables, among other things, the political system of the state is often ridiculed, social problems society and generally accepted counterfeit values.
The fable “The Crow and the Fox” - what is the moral?
Perhaps this is one of the most famous creations Krylova. The author warns his readers that one should not be too gullible and follow everyone’s lead. Don't blindly believe those who flatter and praise you for no reason. After all, it is known that by nature the crow cannot sing, but she still believed in the laudatory odes of the cunning fox. What is significant is that the author does not condemn the smart fox. Rather, he criticizes the stupidity of the bird, saying that you need to believe only in what you see and know for sure.
The fable “Oboz” - for children or adults?
In this work, Krylov compares the actions of a young horse and a more experienced one (the good horse). The old horse acts slowly, without haste, thinking through every step in order to lower the cart safe and sound. But a young and overly boastful horse considers himself better and smarter and constantly reproaches the old horse. In the end, everything ends sadly.
A fable is a reflection historical events. “Oboz” is just such a work. The author identifies the heroes of the fable with participants in the Battle of Austrelitz, which took place in 1805. Mikhail Kutuzov, who was a brilliant commander, quite often retreated back and delayed major battles, knowing and understanding the weakness of his army. However, Emperor Alexander I did not like this state of affairs at all. It was before that ill-fated battle that he decided to take the situation into his own hands and lead the army, which led to the defeat of the Russian-Austrian coalition.
