Two or more defenders, joining forces to defend the goal, perform group tactical actions. Only collective actions of defenders, based on mutual understanding and interaction, can bear fruit. The most common group actions in defense include: “analysis” of players, changing players, switching defenders, backup, group blocking, actions in the minority, interactions with the goalkeeper, standard connections.
"Analysis" of players. The essence of the “analysis” is that each defender identifies his ward at a given moment in the game and quickly begins to guard him. In practice, to find the attacker's team, the defenders use a simple calculation: everyone occupies a certain ordinal position from the edge of the court. After any movements of the attackers, the full-back always takes care of the striker closest to the edge of any line of attack, the welter defender - the second from the edge, and so on. This counting of attackers allows defenders to quickly navigate during the initial throw, when the game is stopped in various places on the court, when the ball is lost, and so on.
Change of wards. During the game, attackers often change places, so defenders must always be ready and, having finished guarding one player, immediately switch to another. The clarity of the “transfer” of players is achieved by the fact that the defender, accompanying his ward, evaluates the actions of the new one in advance. The most important condition actions of the wards, first “pass on” yours, and then “accept” the new one.
Switching defenders. This technique is used when, as a result of a mistake by one of the defenders or with a numerical advantage of the attackers, an unguarded attacker appears in a zone dangerous for the goal. The defender closest to him must leave his man and switch to a free man, and so on, until the player who poses the least threat to the goal remains in the role of an unmarked attacker.
Safety net. Its essence is that every defender in the game is always ready to help his partner, strives to strengthen the team’s defensive formations in the most dangerous place of attack. Safety net is expressed primarily by occupying a starting position for each specific action.
Group blocking. A group block is the blocking of a shot at the goal by two or three or more players. Used against players who shoot powerfully from medium and long distances.
In a group block there is always a main blocking defender and a backup. The main blocker always acts as a single block. The duplicate blocker follows the main one and strengthens it.
Actions in the minority. Playing in a numerical minority, defenders constantly have an open attacker in front of them, so goal security can only be achieved by increasing the intensity of movements and improving the quality of defensive actions.
Interactions with the goalkeeper. This interaction includes individual and collective blocking, and the goalkeeper can also give advice or point out mistakes made by the defense, since he is behind the defensive formations and clearly sees the entire game.
Release from the barrier. While in the game, the defender does not always see that he can be screened, so his partner must warn him with his voice, and also try to push the attacker in front of the screened defender.
Standard bundles. They are used by the team in some standard positions. The most often used is a combination of two defenders, guarding the lineman and one of the partners from the back line. In the initial position, both defenders and the lineman are on the goalkeeper's area line. As soon as the back striker receives the ball and threatens the goal, one of the defenders must come forward and "defuse" that striker, while the second one covers the lineman.
FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SIBERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS
DEPARTMENT OF THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS GAMES
ABSTRACT ON THE TOPIC:
CLASSIFICATION OF HANDBALL TECHNIQUES AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Omsk 2009
Classification of equipment
Field player technique
Defense technique
Goalkeeper technique
- Classification of equipment
The technique of playing handball is a system of rational, purposeful movements, consisting of individual techniques necessary to play the game.
The term “technique” refers to motor actions that are similar in target characteristics, aimed at solving the same game problem (throw to score a goal, holding to protect the goal, etc.).
The technique of the game is the totality of all the techniques and methods of their implementation.
The technique of performing a technique is a system of movement elements that allows you to most rationally solve a specific motor task.
Classification is the distribution of all techniques and methods of their implementation into sections and groups based on similar characteristics.
Depending on the nature of the game, technique is divided into two large sections: field player technique and goalkeeper technique. According to the focus of activity in each section, subsections can be distinguished: attack technique and defense technique. In attacking technique, there are groups of movement and possession of the ball, and in defensive technique - movement and counteracting possession of the ball. Each group includes playing techniques, which, in turn, are performed in several ways. The characteristics of methods for performing a technique include the following features: 1) the player uses one or two limbs when performing the technique; 2) the position of the hand with the ball relative to the shoulder joint (top, side, bottom); 3) the method of accelerating the ball (push, whip, hit,).
2. Field player technique
Attack technique
During the offensive game, the handball player uses certain techniques. Participation in the game obliges the athlete to be constantly ready to move and receive the ball. This readiness is reflected in the player’s posture, which is commonly called the stance. The main stance of a handball player is a position on slightly bent legs, arms bent at the elbow joints at right angles to catch the ball, back straight, shoulders relaxed. This stance is used by players when playing the ball. The player’s stance at the goalkeeper’s zone line is distinguished by the fact that the arms are extended towards the ball and the back is round. A player located at the line of the goalkeeper's zone, as a rule, having received the ball, rushes to attack the goal, making a throw. This forces you to take a stance with significantly bent legs to push off.
Movements
To move around the court, the player uses walking, running, stopping, and jumping.
Walking is normal and side steps are used by handball players to change positions. Players move face, back and sideways forward.
Running is the main means of movement for handball players. Running on toes and on full feet are used. Running on your toes allows you to make a quick dash and achieve maximum movement speed.
Stopping – Due to the constantly changing playing situation on the court, the handball player has to constantly stop. The ability to quickly reduce speed gives the player great advantages for further actions. Stopping is done with one or two feet.
Jumping - used by a handball player when catching high and far flying balls, passing the ball, throwing into the goal. You can jump with one or two legs.
Ball possession
Catching is a technique that provides the opportunity to take possession of the ball and carry out further actions with it. Catching is done with one or two hands. The choice of catching method is dictated by the particular trajectory of the ball and the position of the player in relation to the ball.
Passing the ball - This is the main technique that ensures interaction between partners. Without an accurate and quick pass, it is impossible to create the conditions for a successful attack on the goal. In handball, passes are made mainly with one hand from a place or from a run. The swing is the abduction of the hand with the ball for subsequent acceleration of the ball. The swing can be up - back and to the side - back. The swing is a carrier of information for the enemy. Therefore, the shorter it is, the less information it will provide about the player’s actions. The run-up and swing constitute the preparatory phase of the transfer.
In the main phase, the handball player communicates the speed and direction of the ball’s flight (accelerates the ball) in three ways: with a whip, a push and a brush.
Dribbling is a technique that allows a player to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance, hold the ball as long as necessary, and beat the defender.
Throw - This is a technique that allows you to throw the ball into the goal. With its help, the result of the game is achieved; all other techniques are aimed at creating conditions for a throw.
The throw can be performed in a supporting position, in a jump, in a fall, from a place and from a run. Depending on the conditions under which the throw is performed, its preparatory phase, including the run-up, jump and swing, is different.
3. Defense technique
The main objectives of the game in defense are: defending one’s goal using permitted means, disrupting the opponent’s organized attack and gaining possession of the ball.
The main stance of the defender is with his legs bent at an angle of 160 - 170 degrees and spaced 20 - 40 cm apart. The back is not tense, the arms, bent at the elbow joints at right angles, are in a comfortable position for quickly moving them in any direction. The weight of the body is distributed on both legs, the gaze is fixed on the opponent, and peripheral vision controls the position of other players and the movement of the ball on the court.
Movements
Walking is necessary for the defender to choose a position when guarding the attacker. The defender uses regular walking and side step. Walking with an extended step is performed in a standing position with bent legs, feet turned outward.
Jumping - used when blocking, tackling, intercepting the ball. Reacting to the actions of the attacker, the defender must be able to make a jump from any starting position. The defender jumps, pushing with one and two legs.
Ball Possession Opposition
Blocking is blocking the path of the ball or offensive player. Blocking the ball is done with one or two hands from above, from the side, from below. Having determined the direction of the throw, the defender quickly straightens his arm to block the path of the ball.
Knocking out is a technique that allows you to interrupt the dribbling of the ball; it is performed by hitting the ball with one hand. The defender uses a kick-out at the moment when the ball is between the attacker’s hand and the surface of the court. Having approached to a distance that allows him to reach the ball, the handball player quickly extends his hand and hits the ball with his fingers.
Tackling the ball during a throw - interrupting the throw at the end of the ball's acceleration. The defender moves his hand towards the ball from the direction of the intended throw and, as it were, removes the ball from the attacker’s hand.
4. Goalkeeper technique
Not allowing the ball into the goal and organizing a counterattack are the main tasks of the goalkeeper’s game activity. All playing techniques are divided into defensive and offensive techniques.
Defense technique
The goalkeeper's stance becomes especially important because it ensures that the goalkeeper is ready to save the ball. The main goalkeeper stance is a position with legs bent at an angle of 160–170 degrees, spaced 20–30 cm apart.
Movements
Walking – the goalkeeper will use regular and step-up walking to select a position. Side step walking is performed in a standing position with bent legs. At the same time, a constant state of readiness obliges him not to lose contact with the support.
Jumping - the goalkeeper makes a push with one or two legs. Most often, these are jumps to the sides without preparatory movements from a stance, with a push of the same or opposite direction of movement with the foot, more often before the jump, if the situation allows, he takes only one step.
Falls are not the goalkeeper's primary method of movement, but in difficult game situations he uses this means to quickly move to the ball.
Counteraction and possession of the ball
Holding the ball is a technique that allows you to change the direction of the ball flying into the goal after the attacker’s throw. This technique, depending on the flight of the ball, can be performed with one or two hands, one or two legs, or the torso.
Catching is a technique that allows you to block the ball from entering the goal with the obligatory mastery of it. Catching is done with only two hands. It is better to catch a ball flying along a lobbed path close to the goalkeeper. But if the speed of the ball is high, then the goalkeeper must use any other method of protecting the goal.
Goalkeeper attack technique
The goalkeeper must be able to pass with one and two hands from above and from the side in a supporting position. Passes over medium and long distances are especially important for him. Outside his zone, the goalkeeper's playing techniques are the same as those of the field player.
Key terms:
Technique, goalkeeper, field player, shooting, passing the ball, dribbling, feints, blocking
Bibliography
G.V. Bondarenkova, N.I. Kovalenko, A.Yu. Utochkin “Physical Culture” Volgograd 2004.
M.V. Vidyakin “For a beginning physical education teacher” Volgograd 2002.
M.V. Vidyakin “Extracurricular activities in physical education” Volgograd 2004.
V.Ya. Ignatieva “Handball” “Physical education and sports”.
Izaak V.I., Nabiev T.E. “Handball at the University” Tashkent 2005.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Petracheva I.V., Gamaun A., Ivanova S.V. Analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified men's teams in handball.
Methodological manual for coaches, athletes and students educational institutions in physical culture. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Ovchinnikova A.Ya., Kotov Yu.N., Minabutdinov R.R., Ivanova S.V. Analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified women's teams in handball. Methodological manual for coaches, athletes and students of educational institutions in physical culture. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Alizar T.A., Gamaun A. Analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified female and male goalkeepers. Methodological manual for coaches, athletes and students of educational institutions in physical culture. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya. Application of complex means for training handball players and improving the quality of physical education of secondary school students. Methodological letter to handball coaches and teachers of secondary schools. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Petracheva I.V. Long-term training of handball players in children's and youth sports schools: M.: Soviet sport, Method. allowance. - 216 p.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Tkhorev V.I., Petracheva I.V.; under general ed. Ignatieva V.Ya. Training of handball players at the stage of highest sports mastery: textbook allowance / V.Ya. Ignatieva, V.I. Thorev, I.V. Petracheva; under general ed. V.Ya. Ignatieva. – M.: Physical culture, 2005. - 276 p. ISBN 5-9746-0004-5.
SwanF. "Game Formula": General theory of sports games, education and training / F. Lebed; VolSU, Russia, Acad. ped. college named after Kay family, Beersheba, Israel. - Volgograd: VolSU Publishing House, 2005. - 392 p.
Maruzalar tuplami Ozb JTI 1996.
Naiminova E “Physical Culture” Rostov-on-Don 2003
Nikolic A., Paranosich In “Basketball Selection” Moscow.
Pavlov Sh., Abdurakhmanov F, Akramov J. “Handball” Toshkent 2005.
Rules for handball competitions Tashkent 2002.
Rules of handball competitions Russia 2006.
Kholodov Zh.K., Kuznetsov V.S. “Theory and methodology of physical education” Moscow “Academy” 2002.
FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SIBERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS
DEPARTMENT OF THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS GAMES
ABSTRACT ON THE TOPIC:
CLASSIFICATION OF HANDBALL TECHNIQUES AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Omsk 2009
Classification of equipment
Field player technique
Defense technique
Goalkeeper technique
Classification of equipment
The technique of playing handball is a system of rational, purposeful movements, consisting of individual techniques necessary to play the game.
The term “technique” refers to motor actions that are similar in target characteristics, aimed at solving the same game problem (throw to score a goal, holding to protect the goal, etc.).
Playing technique – this is the totality of all techniques and methods of their implementation.
Technique for performing the techniqueis a system of movement elements that allows you to solve a specific motor task in the most rational way.
Classification – this is the distribution of all techniques and methods of their implementation into sections and groups based on similar characteristics.
Depending on the nature of the game, technique is divided into two large sections: field player technique and goalkeeper technique. According to the focus of activity in each section, subsections can be distinguished: attack technique and defense technique. In attacking technique, there are groups of movement and possession of the ball, and in defensive technique - movement and counteracting possession of the ball. Each group includes playing techniques, which, in turn, are performed in several ways. The characteristics of methods for performing a technique include the following features: 1) the player uses one or two limbs when performing the technique; 2) the position of the hand with the ball relative to the shoulder joint (top, side, bottom); 3) the method of accelerating the ball (push, whip, hit,).
2. Field player technique
Attack technique
During the offensive game, the handball player uses certain techniques. Participation in the game obliges the athlete to be constantly ready to move and receive the ball. This readiness is reflected in the player’s posture, which is commonly called the stance. The main stance of a handball player is a position on slightly bent legs, arms bent at the elbow joints at right angles to catch the ball, back straight, shoulders relaxed. This stance is used by players when playing the ball. The player’s stance at the goalkeeper’s zone line is distinguished by the fact that the arms are extended towards the ball and the back is round. A player located at the line of the goalkeeper's zone, as a rule, having received the ball, rushes to attack the goal, making a throw. This forces you to take a stance with significantly bent legs to push off.
Movements
To move around the court, the player uses walking, running, stopping, and jumping.
Walking – regular and side steps are used by handball players to change positions. Players move face, back and sideways forward.
Run – the main means of moving handball players. Running on toes and on full feet are used. Running on your toes allows you to make a quick dash and achieve maximum movement speed.
Stop – Due to the constantly changing game situation on the court, the handball player has to constantly stop. The ability to quickly reduce speed gives the player great advantages for further actions. Stopping is done with one or two feet.
Jumping - used by handball players when catching high and far flying balls, passing the ball, throwing into the goal. You can jump with one or two legs.
Ball possession
Fishing is a technique that provides the opportunity to take possession of the ball and carry out further actions with it. Catching is done with one or two hands. The choice of catching method is dictated by the particular trajectory of the ball and the position of the player in relation to the ball.
Passing the ball – This is the main technique that ensures interaction between partners. Without an accurate and quick pass, it is impossible to create the conditions for a successful attack on the goal. In handball, passes are made mainly with one hand from a place or from a run. The swing is the abduction of the hand with the ball for subsequent acceleration of the ball. The swing can be up - back and to the side - back. The swing is a carrier of information for the enemy. Therefore, the shorter it is, the less information it will provide about the player’s actions. The run-up and swing constitute the preparatory phase of the transfer.
In the main phase, the handball player communicates the speed and direction of the ball’s flight (accelerates the ball) in three ways: with a whip, a push and a brush.
Dribbling - This is a technique that allows a player to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance, control the ball as long as necessary, and beat the defender.
Throw - This is a technique that allows you to throw the ball into the goal. With its help, the result of the game is achieved; all other techniques are aimed at creating conditions for a throw.
The throw can be performed in a supporting position, in a jump, in a fall, from a place and from a run. Depending on the conditions under which the throw is performed, its preparatory phase, including the run-up, jump and swing, is different.
3. Defense technique
The main objectives of the game in defense are: defending one’s goal using permitted means, disrupting the opponent’s organized attack and gaining possession of the ball.
The main stance of the defender is with his legs bent at an angle of 160 - 170 degrees and spaced 20 - 40 cm apart. The back is not tense, the arms, bent at the elbow joints at right angles, are in a comfortable position for quickly moving them in any direction. The weight of the body is distributed on both legs, the gaze is fixed on the opponent, and peripheral vision controls the position of other players and the movement of the ball on the court.
Movements
Walking – needed by the defender to choose a position when guarding the attacker. The defender uses regular walking and side step. Walking with an extended step is performed in a standing position with bent legs, feet turned outward.
Jumping – used when blocking, tackling, intercepting the ball. Reacting to the actions of the attacker, the defender must be able to make a jump from any starting position. The defender jumps, pushing with one and two legs.
Ball Possession Opposition
Blocking - This is an obstruction of the path of the ball or attacking player. Blocking the ball is done with one or two hands from above, from the side, from below. Having determined the direction of the throw, the defender quickly straightens his arm to block the path of the ball.
Knockout - This is a technique that allows you to interrupt the dribbling of the ball; it is performed by hitting the ball with one hand. The defender uses a kick-out at the moment when the ball is between the attacker’s hand and the surface of the court. Having approached to a distance that allows him to reach the ball, the handball player quickly extends his hand and hits the ball with his fingers.
Selection ball when throwing - interrupting the throw at the end of the ball's acceleration. The defender moves his hand towards the ball from the direction of the intended throw and, as it were, removes the ball from the attacker’s hand.
4. Goalkeeper technique
Not allowing the ball into the goal and organizing a counterattack are the main tasks of the goalkeeper’s game activity. All playing techniques are divided into defensive and offensive techniques.
Defense technique
Rack the goalkeeper is particularly important because it ensures readiness to deflect the ball. The main goalkeeper stance is a position with legs bent at an angle of 160–170 degrees, spaced 20–30 cm apart.
Movements
Walking – the goalkeeper will use regular and step-up walking to select a position. Side step walking is performed in a standing position with bent legs. At the same time, a constant state of readiness obliges him not to lose contact with the support.
Jumping - The goalkeeper pushes with one or two feet. Most often, these are jumps to the sides without preparatory movements from a stance, with a push of the same or opposite direction of movement with the foot, more often before the jump, if the situation allows, he takes only one step.
Falls - not the goalkeeper’s main way of moving, but in difficult game situations he uses this means to quickly move to the ball.
Counteraction and possession of the ball
Holding the ball - This is a technique that allows you to change the direction of the ball flying into the goal after the attacker’s throw. This technique, depending on the flight of the ball, can be performed with one or two hands, one or two legs, or the torso.
Catching - this is a technique that allows you to block the ball from entering the goal with the obligatory mastery of it. Catching is done with only two hands. It is better to catch a ball flying along a lobbed path close to the goalkeeper. But if the speed of the ball is high, then the goalkeeper must use any other method of protecting the goal.
Goalkeeper attack technique
The goalkeeper must be able to pass with one and two hands from above and from the side in a supporting position. Passes over medium and long distances are especially important for him. Outside his zone, the goalkeeper's playing techniques are the same as those of the field player.
Key terms:
Technique, goalkeeper, field player, shooting, passing the ball, dribbling, feints, blocking
Bibliography
G.V. Bondarenkova, N.I. Kovalenko, A.Yu. Utochkin "Physical Culture" Volgograd 2004
M.V. Vidyakin “For a beginning physical education teacher” Volgograd 2002.
M.V. Vidyakin " Extracurricular activities in physical education" Volgograd 2004 year.
V.Ya. Ignatieva “Handball” “Physical education and sports”.
Izaak V.I., Nabiev T.E. “Handball at the University” Tashkent 2005.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Petracheva I.V., Gamaun A., Ivanova S.V.Analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified men's teams in handball.
Toolkit for coaches, athletes and students of physical education institutions. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Ovchinnikova A.Ya., Kotov Yu.N., Minabutdinov R.R., Ivanova S.V.Analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified women's teams in handball. Methodological manual for coaches, athletes and students of educational institutions in physical culture. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Alizar T.A., Gamaun A.Analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified female and male goalkeepers. Methodological manual for coaches, athletes and students of educational institutions in physical culture. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya.Application of comprehensive tools for training handball players and improving quality physical education secondary school students. Methodological letter to handball coaches and teachers secondary schools. Moscow, 2008.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Petracheva I.V. Years of preparation handball players in children's and youth sports schools:M.: Soviet sport, Method. allowance. — 216 p.
Ignatieva V.Ya., Tkhorev V.I., Petracheva I.V.; under general ed. Ignatieva V.Ya. Training of handball players at the stage of highest sports mastery: textbook allowance / V.Ya. Ignatieva, V.I. Thorev, I.V. Petracheva; under general ed. V.Ya. Ignatieva. – M.: Physical Culture, 2005. - 276 p. ISBN 5-9746-0004-5.
Lebed F. "Game Formula": General theory of sports games, education and training / F. Lebed; VolSU, Russia, Acad. ped. college named after Kay family, Beersheba, Israel. - Volgograd: VolSU Publishing House, 2005. - 392 p.
Maruzalar tuplami Ozb JTI 1996 year.
Naiminova E “Physical Culture” Rostov-on-Don 2003
Nikolic A., Paranosich In “Basketball Selection” Moscow.
Pavlov Sh., Abdurakhmanov F, Akramov Zh."Handball" Tashkent 2005 year.
Rules for handball competitions Tashkent 2002.
Rules of handball competitions Russia 2006.
Kholodov Zh.K., Kuznetsov V.S. "Theory and methodologyphysical education" Moscow"Academy" 2002.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
BLAGOVESCHENSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports
Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture
Control Job
By sports games
Topic: “Handball: playing technique, classification of playing technique. General sequence of teaching playing techniques"
Completed by a 4th year student
Ustinova Nadezhda Romanovna.
Checked:
Blagoveshchensk 2011
Content:
Introduction
1. Classification of equipment………………………………………………………3
2. Field player technique……………………………………………………..4
2.1. Attack technique………………………………………………………..4
2.2. Ball possession……………………………………………………………………………….6
3. Protection technique……………………………………………………………….8
4. Goalkeeper technique……………………………………………………………….8
5. General sequence of teaching playing techniques………………………..9
5.1. Structure of the learning process………………………………………………………9
6. Teaching playing techniques………………………………………………………11
6.1. Training in attacking techniques……………………………………..11
Conclusion
List of used literature……………………………………………………...16
Introduction
The emergence of the game of handball has a rich historical past. Even in ancient times, there were ball games that included elements of modern handball. In 1892, a ball game was invented in Czechoslovakia, which was called Česká hazena. In 1898, Holger Nielsen, a teacher at a girls’ gymnasium in the Danish city of Ordrup, introduced a game called “Haandbold” in his lessons, in which teams of 7 competed on a small field, passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.
When Nielsen compiled two games - football and basketball - new game for women, no one imagined that this game would become so widespread in the world.
The creation of the game with a team of 11 people dates back to 1917 - 1919. Both types of game for a long time existed together.
In 1926, at a conference in The Hague at the International Amateur Athletic Federation, a special commission was organized whose task was to promote the development of the game. Since then, handball has been recognized as equal among other sports.
Handball is a universal sports game that has common roots with football and basketball, and is not much inferior to rugby in terms of athleticism. The main technical techniques of handball players are running, acceleration, movement, breakaways, vaulting shots on goal, passing and catching the ball in a variety of ways, fighting for the ball and position, as well as playing a handball goalkeeper. All of them are closely related to sports such as Athletics, gymnastics, wrestling and acrobatics.
Purpose of the game. Two teams, following the rules of the game, try to score the ball into the opponent's goal and at the same time protect their goal from attack. The winner is the team that has scored more goals at the end of playing time.
Physically, handball requires a lot of effort from players. Various forms of running develop reaction, starting speed, sprinting speed, special endurance, agility during stops, changes in running direction and rhythm changes. High and long jumps during throwing and blocking contribute to the development of jumping ability. Serves and shots on goal require agility and throwing power. Constant accounting and analysis of changes in every next moment situations require athletes to pay great attention, decisive and strong-willed actions in the interests of the team.
1. Classification of equipment.
The technique of playing handball is a system of rational, purposeful movements, consisting of individual techniques necessary to play the game.
Classification is the distribution of all techniques and methods of their implementation into sections and groups based on similar characteristics.
Depending on the nature of the game, technique is divided into two large sections: field player technique and goalkeeper technique. According to the focus of activity in each section, the following sections can be distinguished: “Attack Techniques” and “Defense Techniques”. In the attack technique, there are groups of movement and possession of the ball, and in the defense technique, there are groups of movement and counteracting the possession of the ball. Each group includes playing techniques, which, in turn, are performed in several ways. The characteristics of methods for performing a technique include the following features: 1) the player uses one or two limbs when performing the technique; 2) the position of the hand with the ball relative to the shoulder joint (top, side, bottom); 3) the method of accelerating the ball (push, whip, hit).
There are variations in the methods of performing the technique, that is, some features in the details of the movement system. The conditions for performing the technique make the technique even more diverse, the characteristics of which include distance, relation to the support, direction, and method of acceleration.
In each technique of the game, phases can be distinguished: preparatory, main and final. They differ in specific features of movement elements and private motor tasks.
In the preparatory phase of the movement of athletes, it provides an optimal starting position for the implementation of the main motor task.
In the main phase of reception, the main motor task is carried out. The final phase ensures that the player is ready for further participation in the game.
Each phase contains several elements - joint movements. All elements when performing a technique are interconnected, so to change the result, sometimes it is enough to change a certain element at the beginning of a motor action.
The relative position of the body parts at the moment of phase change is called the boundary pose. Boundary poses serve as a guide to control the technique of performing a technique.
2. Field player technique
2.1. Attack technique.
During the offensive game, the handball player uses certain techniques. Participation in the game obliges the athlete to be constantly ready to move and receive the ball. This readiness is reflected in the player’s posture, which is commonly called the stance. Basic handball stance- this is a position on slightly bent legs, arms bent at the elbow joints at right angles to catch the ball, back straight, shoulders relaxed. This stance is used by players when playing the ball. The player’s stance at the goalkeeper’s zone line is distinguished by the fact that the arms are extended towards the ball and the back is round. A player located at the line of the goalkeeper's zone, as a rule, having received the ball, rushes to attack the goal, making a throw. This forces you to take a stance with significantly bent legs to push off.
Movements. To move around the court, the player uses walking, running, stopping, and jumping. With the help of these techniques, the player frees himself from the guardianship of defenders and chooses a place to interact with partners.
Walking - regular and side steps are used by a handball player to change positions. Players move face, back and sideways forward.
Run - the main means of moving handball players. Running on toes and on full feet is used. Running on your toes allows you to make a quick jerk and achieve maximum movement speed. Running on your full foot allows you to create a stable position. To perform techniques with the ball, it is necessary to master such a run when the arms make movements regardless of the tempo and rhythm of the legs.
When studying a player’s run, it is necessary to pay attention to the peculiarities that the foot is placed on the court by rolling from heel to toe or by softly placing the foot on the full foot. Sample exercises for teaching running technique:
Alternating slow running with fast running;
Running face forward and backward in a straight line, in a circle;
– running with side steps in different directions;
– running with acceleration in a straight line from unusual starting positions (crouching position, lying position and others);
- the same, but with a sound signal;
– running around various objects arranged in straight and broken lines.
Stop- Due to the constantly changing playing situation on the court, the handball player has to suddenly stop. Stopping is accomplished by braking with one or two feet. The ability to quickly reduce speed gives the player advantages for further actions. Stopping is done with one or two feet. To brake with one leg, the handball player sharply tilts his torso back, the stopper puts his leg forward with his foot turned inward, and, turning sideways to the direction of movement, strongly bends the other leg. Braking with both feet precedes the jump. It is needed in order to sharply bring both legs forward and, having thus encountered a support, extinguish the forward movement. When landing, you need to bend your legs strongly to ensure that you can continue running in any direction.
Sample exercises for teaching stopping techniques:
– stopping after running anywhere on the site, also in a predetermined place;
– run in a circle, stop at a walk on command;
– stand in a line one at a time, on command, they take turns running out of the line and stopping at a walk;
– stand in opposing columns at a distance of 8–10 m. from each other. A player runs out of one column, dribbles the ball to the middle of the gap between the columns, stops with a step, passes the ball to the player in front of the opposing column and runs to the tail of his column, and so on;
– stopping after catching the ball.
Jumping are used by handball players when catching high and far flying balls, when passing the ball, or throwing into the goal. You can make a jump by pushing off with one or two legs. Taking off with two legs is done from a place, and with one – from a run. Landing with all methods should be soft, without loss of balance, which is achieved by the shock-absorbing movement of the legs apart.
Turns are studied in the following sequence: turns on the spot forward and backward, turns forward and backward after running and stopping, a combination of turns with simultaneous passing of the ball. When teaching turns, you need to pay attention to the fact that they are performed without straightening the legs at the knee joint, without vertical oscillation of the body, freely, without tension.
2.2. Ball possession.
Catching- this is a technique that provides the opportunity to take possession of the ball and carry out further actions with it. Catching is done with one or two hands. The choice of catching method is dictated by the particular trajectory of the ball and the position of the player in relation to the ball.
Catching with two hands. In order to master the ball flying at the middle level (on the chest), the handball player must extend his arms towards the ball, do not strain his hands and slightly turn his palms down, fingers spread freely. The outstretched thumbs should almost touch, and when they approach the required distance, the palms come together and the fingers cover the ball. The arms must be bent to absorb the speed of the ball. When catching high-flying balls from a rebound, the thumbs of the hands need to be brought closer together than when catching straight balls. And when catching low-flying and rolling balls, the palms should be turned towards the ball so that the little fingers almost touch.
The ball can be caught from the front and from the side. In order to catch the ball from the front, you need to turn your chest towards it. In this case, both arms should be extended.
For all fishing methods it is necessary:
Look at the ball while you grab it with your hands;
If possible, make a counter movement towards the ball;
Extend your arms towards the ball;
Keep your hands and fingers relaxed until they touch the ball;
Grab the ball with your fingers;
After grabbing the ball, bend your elbows (to absorb the shock);
Having caught the ball, be ready to cover it from a nearby opponent.
Swing - this is the abduction of the hand with the ball for subsequent acceleration of the ball. The swing can be up - back and to the side - back. The swing is a carrier of information for the enemy. Therefore, the shorter it is, the less information it will provide about the player’s actions. The run-up and swing constitute the preparatory phase of the transfer. In the main phase, the handball player communicates the speed and direction of the ball’s flight (accelerates the ball) in three ways: with a whip, a push and a brush.
Dribbling - this is a technique that allows a player to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance, control the ball as long as necessary, and beat the defender.
Driving can be single-strike or multi-strike. Single-impact dribble is performed as follows. Having caught the ball, the player takes three steps with it, then hits it into the court. Having caught the ball, the player takes three steps with it, then hits it into the court. Having caught the rebounded ball, the handball player can again perform three steps with the ball in his hands before passing it to a partner or throwing it into the goal.
When performing multi-impact maneuvers, the following rules must be observed:
Walk on full feet with slightly bent legs;
Push the ball with your fingers;
Do not brush in contact with the ball;
Push the ball forward in accordance with the speed of movement;
Push in such a way that the ball bounces no higher than the waist;
Control the ball with your peripheral vision.
The trajectory of the ball when thrown into the goal can be horizontal, downward, upward, or overhead. You can achieve a horizontal trajectory using any throwing method. The incoming trajectory can be obtained by using a side throw, and the outward trajectory by using a push.
The throw can be performed in a supporting position, in a jump, in a fall, from a place and from a run. Depending on the conditions under which the throw is performed, its preparatory phase, including the run-up, jump and swing, is different.
The rebound of the ball can be reflected, sliding and with rotation of the ball. With a reflected rebound, the angle of impact of the ball is equal to the angle of reflection. The easiest way to achieve this flight path is to use the overhead throw method. A sliding bounce, where the ball makes contact with the surface of the court part of the way, can be achieved by using a throw from the side.
3. Defense technique.
The main objectives of the game in defense are: defending one’s goal using permitted means, disrupting the opponent’s organized attack and gaining possession of the ball.
The main stance of the defender is with legs bent at an angle of 160 - 170 degrees and legs spaced 20 - 40 cm apart. The back is not tense, the arms, bent at the elbow joints at right angles, are in a comfortable position for quickly moving them in any direction. The weight of the body is distributed on both legs, the gaze is fixed on the opponent, and peripheral vision controls the position of other players and the movement of the ball on the court.
Movements
Walking - needed by the defender to choose a position when guarding the attacker. The defender uses regular walking and side step. Walking with an extended step is performed in a standing position with bent legs, feet turned outward.
Jumping
- used when blocking, tackling, intercepting the ball. Reacting to the actions of the attacker, the defender must be able to make a jump from any starting position. The defender jumps, pushing with one and two legs.
Ball Possession Opposition
Blocking
- This is an obstruction to the path of the ball or attacking player. Blocking the ball is done with one or two hands from above, from the side, from below. Having determined the direction of the throw, the defender quickly straightens his arm, blocking the path of the ball.
Knockout - this is a technique that allows you to interrupt the dribbling of the ball; it is performed by hitting the ball with one hand. The defender uses a kick-out at the moment when the ball is between the attacker’s hand and the surface of the court. Having approached to a distance that allows him to reach the ball, the handball player quickly extends his hand and hits the ball with his fingers.
Tackling the ball when throwing is interrupting the throw at the end of the ball's acceleration. The defender moves his hand towards the ball from the direction of the intended throw and, as it were, removes the ball from the attacker’s hand.
4. Goalkeeper technique
Not allowing the ball into the goal and organizing a counterattack are the main tasks of the goalkeeper’s game activity. All playing techniques are divided into defensive and offensive techniques.
Defense technique
The goalkeeper's stance becomes especially important because it ensures that the goalkeeper is ready to save the ball. The main goalkeeper stance is a position with legs bent at an angle of 160-170 degrees, spaced 20-30 cm apart.
Movements
Walking - the goalkeeper will use regular and step-up walking to select a position. Side step walking is performed in a standing position with bent legs. At the same time, a constant state of readiness obliges him not to lose contact with the support.
Jumping - the goalkeeper makes a push with one or two feet. Most often, these are jumps to the sides without preparatory movements from a stance, with a push of the same or opposite direction of movement with the foot, more often before the jump, if the situation allows, he takes only one step.
Falls - not the goalkeeper’s main way of moving, but in difficult game situations he uses this means to quickly move to the ball.
Counteraction and possession of the ball
Holding the ball is a technique that allows you to change the direction of the ball flying into the goal after the attacker's throw. This technique, depending on the flight of the ball, can be performed with one or two hands, one or two legs, or the torso.
Catching
- this is a technique that allows you to block the ball from entering the goal with the obligatory mastery of it. Catching is done with only two hands. It is better to catch a ball flying along a lobbed path close to the goalkeeper. But if the speed of the ball is high, then the goalkeeper must use any other method of protecting the goal.
Goalkeeper attack technique
The goalkeeper must be able to pass with one and two hands from above and from the side in a supporting position. Passes over medium and long distances are especially important for him. Outside his zone, the goalkeeper's playing techniques are the same as those of the field player.
5. General sequence of teaching playing techniques.
5.1. Structure of the learning process.
Learning playing techniques and technical actions is a labor-intensive and lengthy process. The playing technique has a wide variety of ways to perform techniques, and it takes several years to master them at least to the level of skill.
In the process of learning techniques, it is important not only to organize rational movements from a biomechanical point of view, but also to apply these movements in the game. Therefore, training in technical techniques and individual tactical actions should go in parallel.
In addition, learning to play is carried out in close connection with the development of physical qualities. Learning movements and the perception of physical qualities have common origins, since the underlying patterns of the formation of motor skills and the development of motor abilities are the same. Physical abilities accelerate the process of mastering motor skills. By performing techniques, they demonstrate physical qualities and accelerate their development. However, to learn movements, as a rule, conditions are made easier, and to develop physical qualities, a constant increase in loads is necessary.
When learning each technique, it is important to consider it in phases. Moreover, the main attention must be concentrated first on the main phase of the movement, and only then on the details and variety of the preparatory phase. When studying any technique, the logical sequence of formation of a technical and tactical action must be observed: 1) familiarization with the technique; 2) study of reception in simplified conditions; 3) improving reception in a complicated environment close to the game conditions; 4) application of the technique in the game.
When familiarizing yourself, it is necessary to provide information about the technique or action being studied using visual methods and create a general visual and motor idea of them. During repeated screenings, additional demonstrations of visual aids (films, photographs, diagrams, film clips, etc.), focusing on the most important details. The demonstration is accompanied by a story about the place and meaning of a technique or action in the game, about their most rational use in certain game situations. To obtain an elementary motor representation, a trial attempt is given.
Learning under simplified conditions presupposes the absence of interference in mastering the structure of the movement. Success in the bottom case largely depends on the correct selection of preparatory and especially leading exercises. To feel the elements of movement, various techniques of forced limitation of movements and fixation of positions are used.
During initial learning, two methods are used: holistic and dismembered-constructive exercises. A holistic learning method creates a more complete understanding and a solid logical basis for skill formation. The method of dissected-constructive exercise (dissected method) is used to study techniques and actions that are complex in structure. After learning the individual components of a movement or interaction, the main task becomes mastering the necessary rhythm when combining the parts into a whole motor action.
To simplify or complicate the performance conditions when learning game techniques, change the starting position, distance, direction, speed of movement, and introduce interference. When learning tactics, the number of partners, the goal and methods of achieving it, the arrangement of handball players are changed, and confrontations are introduced.
The main thing in handball classes is the game. If all techniques are brought to perfection at each stage of learning outside the game, then it will take a lot of time. Therefore, handball players use techniques in the game when they are still poorly understood, and then again continue to improve them in simplified and complicated conditions. The sequence of learning techniques should be such that their gradual introduction into the game would complicate the martial arts. Moreover, when studying an attack technique, it is rational to begin studying a defensive technique. Playing techniques are studied in parallel, but no more than two or three per lesson.
6. Teaching playing techniques.
6.1. Teaching offensive play techniques.
Training in moving techniques. When learning to move, it is necessary to study each technique separately (running, jumping, stopping) and learn to combine them. You shouldn’t study one technique for a long time. Once the structure is mastered, you can move on to a new one and study its combination with others in various combinations.
Running is studied in the following sequence: normal, with a change in speed, with a change in direction, a cross step, with various kinds of jumps, rhythmic and arrhythmic running.
Stopping is studied first by braking with one and then with both legs. First, they stop at a signal when walking quickly, then when running slowly, and finally when performing accelerations and jerks. The teacher must ensure the correct distribution of body weight after stopping on both legs to maintain balance. Then, after stopping, you can enable movements in different directions
The jump is studied by first pushing off with two legs, and then with one from a place and from a run. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct placement of the leg, the degree of its bending in connection with performing an upward or long jump, and a soft, stable landing.
A handball player uses all movement techniques in the game. It is best to improve your movement technique with the help of the following exercises:
Acceleration to a certain landmark and return to the starting position.
Acceleration from the starting position lying down, sitting, taking any position.
Running while jumping over obstacles, pushing off with one or two legs.
Jumping alternating with running.
Run from one landmark to another, stopping at each landmark.
Running around obstacles.
Running while shifting various objects.
Teaching ball handling techniques.
Learning to catch a ball .
Before you start learning to catch from a partner, you need to do a number of training exercises to “get used” to the mass, shape and elastic qualities of the ball.
Throw the ball in front of you and catch it.
Toss and catch the ball after it bounces off the floor.
Toss the ball with your left hand and catch it with your right.
Throw the ball over your head, behind your back, under your foot, between your legs and catch it.
Throw two balls one at a time and catch them.
Passing the ball training.
Before learning to pass, the student must be taught how to hold the ball correctly. To do this, you need to select a ball of a certain size and weight in accordance with the age and gender of those involved.
When holding the ball, the hand should not be tense. The fingers hold the ball, and optimal mobility is needed in the wrist joint. Such mobility is achieved by the following leading exercises:
Holding your hands in front of you, toss the ball from one hand to the other with your fingers.
Transfer the ball from hand to hand, moving it around the body, first while standing still, and then while walking and running.
From the starting position, the ball in two hands in front of you, alternately swing up, down, to the side with a wide amplitude, holding the ball with a grip or freely in the palm of your hand.
Simulate a pass, a throw in different directions, holding the ball with a grip, first while standing still, and then while walking and running.
ball: from the stance, opposite leg in front, hand with the ball at the top; the same with an opposite step forward; the same with a run in 3 steps.
When studying one or another method of transmission, after explaining the movements, students practice on their own. The teacher sequentially turns their attention first to the correct starting position, then to the coordination of movements of the arms and legs, to the position of the torso, to the correct movement of the arm.
Training to dribble the ball.
Learning single-strike dribbling is not difficult. An explanation and a good demonstration is enough. First, dribbling is performed on the spot, then while moving by walking, and finally by running.
Learning multi-hit dribbling begins with exercises on the spot. In this exercise, the correct position of the hand is mastered, the skill of soft successive pushes of the ball is developed, and a comfortable stance is acquired. Next, dribbling with various movements around the court is studied.
Throwing training.
Mastering the throw is impossible without preliminary preparation of the musculoskeletal system of the student.
To this end, beginning handball players must perform preparatory exercises with various objects. This is, first of all, throwing tennis balls, children's rubber and hockey balls, sticks of various lengths, as well as imitation of a throwing movement with dumbbells and a shock absorber in the hand. To develop mobility of the hand, exercises with gymnastic clubs are used, and for mobility in the shoulder joint - with a gymnastic stick. Throwing medicine balls of various weights with one and mainly two hands helps strengthen the muscles of the arms, legs and torso and develop coordination of movements.
Learning how to play defensively.
Training in the technique of moving in defense begins with mastering the stance on bent legs. The degree of bending of the defender's legs depends on the speed of his movement. To master the defender's stance, students need to select feasible exercises that would force them to move in a rational position. The ultimate goal of these exercises should be the handball player’s ability to move at any speed on bent legs, changing direction without unnecessary body movements.
To study movement in a standing position on slightly bent legs, exercises are performed at a low pace, changing direction occurs at a signal from the teacher or at a predetermined place. Mastering movement on significantly bent legs requires the need to move at a high pace and have direct contact with the enemy.
Teaching goalkeeper techniques.
Mastering the technique of goalkeeper playing techniques requires preliminary preparedness of the musculoskeletal system of the student. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the muscles and ligaments of the arms and legs, since sudden movements with a wide amplitude, strong blows ball requires a certain elasticity of the muscles and mobility in the joints.
When training a goalkeeper, it is necessary to use protective equipment: a thick suit, gloves, shin guards, knee pads, and for men - a protective “shell”. When learning the technique of hitting the ball in the “splits”, as well as when performing exercises with a fall, it is necessary to use gymnastic mats.
Movement training begins outside the gate. At the teacher’s command, students move, changing direction and maintaining a stance on bent legs. Teaching a goalkeeper the technique of moving in the goal and in his own zone must be combined with training in position selection. To do this, any landmarks are placed on the 6-meter marking arc. The goalkeeper moves along the goal with side steps. Finding himself in front of the next landmark, he takes a step forward, fixes a ready stance, steps back and continues to move with side steps to the next landmark. At first, the side steps should be small, but gradually the goalkeeper must be taught to take as few steps as possible by lengthening the step. The fewer steps he has to take during an enemy attack, the more reliable his readiness to repel the ball.
The goalkeeper's jumping technique is mastered in simulated exercises of hitting a ball flying into the upper corners of the goal, and in exercises with catching the ball.
Catching is not the main goalkeeper's technique when defending the goal. But a goalkeeper needs to master it perfectly. Therefore, the goalkeeper must perform all exercises that promote catching from the first lessons. These are exercises in catching the ball in various positions: standing, sitting, lying down, jumping, after somersaulting, jumping over, stepping over, climbing under objects.
When deflecting the ball with your hand, it is very important to tense your muscles when making contact with the ball; There should be counter extension of the arm at the elbow joint. This needs to be paid attention to when training. The coach throws the ball lightly, and the goalkeeper returns it.
Conclusion. One of most important tasks The teacher at all stages of handball training is to develop the personality of students. At the same time, it must be remembered that painstaking and everyday educational work must be supported by deep knowledge of the characteristics age development, character, inclinations, and potential capabilities of each student.
Conclusion
The school physical education program provides for introducing students to sports games such as basketball, volleyball, mini-football, and handball. But if the first of the three named games are cultivated to one degree or another in school gyms, then handball or, as it is also called, “hand ball”, in my opinion, is undeservedly deprived of both attention and time. By teaching students practical mastery of handball techniques and tactics, as well as studying the rules of the game, they can not only achieve high sports performance, but also acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities used in many other sports disciplines.
List of used literature:
1. C.L. Garbaliauskas. Playing handball: Book. for middle school students and Art. classes. – M.: Education, 1988. – 76 p.
2. L.D. Glazyrina., T.A. Methods of teaching physical education: Method. benefit and program. – M.: Humanite. ed. VLADOS Center, 2004. – 208 p.
3. Yu.D. Zheleznyak and others. Sports games: Technique, tactics, teaching methods: Textbook. for students higher ped. textbook establishments – 2nd ed., stereotype. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2004. – 520 p.
4. N.P. Klusov. Hand ball at school. Manual for teachers. M.: “Enlightenment”, 1978. 175 p.
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FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SIBERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS
DEPARTMENT OF THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS GAMES
ABSTRACTON THE TOPIC OF:
CLASSIFICATION OF HANDBALL TECHNIQUES AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Omsk 2009
1. Classification of equipment
2. Field player technique
3. Defense technique
4. Goalkeeper technique
1. Classification of equipment
The technique of playing handball is a system of rational, purposeful movements, consisting of individual techniques necessary to play the game.
The term “technique” refers to motor actions that are similar in target characteristics, aimed at solving the same game problem (throw to score a goal, holding to protect the goal, etc.).
The technique of the game is the totality of all the techniques and methods of their implementation.
The technique of performing a technique is a system of movement elements that allows you to most rationally solve a specific motor task.
Classification is the distribution of all techniques and methods of their implementation into sections and groups based on similar characteristics.
Depending on the nature of the game, technique is divided into two large sections: field player technique and goalkeeper technique. According to the focus of activity in each section, subsections can be distinguished: attack technique and defense technique. In the attack technique, there are groups of movement and possession of the ball, and in the defense technique, there are groups of movement and counteracting the possession of the ball. Each group includes playing techniques, which, in turn, are performed in several ways. The characteristics of methods for performing a technique include the following features: 1) the player uses one or two limbs when performing the technique; 2) the position of the hand with the ball relative to the shoulder joint (top, side, bottom); 3) the method of accelerating the ball (push, whip, hit,).
2. Field player technique
Attack technique
During the offensive game, the handball player uses certain techniques. Participation in the game obliges the athlete to be constantly ready to move and receive the ball. This readiness is reflected in the player’s posture, which is commonly called the stance. The main stance of a handball player is a position on slightly bent legs, arms bent at the elbow joints at right angles to catch the ball, back straight, shoulders relaxed. This stance is used by players when playing the ball. The player’s stance at the goalkeeper’s zone line is distinguished by the fact that the arms are extended towards the ball and the back is round. A player located at the line of the goalkeeper's zone, as a rule, having received the ball, rushes to attack the goal, making a throw. This forces you to take a stance with significantly bent legs to push off.
Movements
To move around the court, the player uses walking, running, stopping, and jumping.
Walking is normal and side steps are used by handball players to change positions. Players move face, back and sideways forward.
Running is the main means of movement for handball players. Running on toes and on full feet are used. Running on your toes allows you to make a quick dash and achieve maximum movement speed.
Stopping - Due to the constantly changing playing situation on the court, the handball player has to constantly stop. The ability to quickly reduce speed gives the player great advantages for further actions. Stopping is done with one or two feet.
Jumping - used by a handball player when catching high and far flying balls, passing the ball, throwing into the goal. You can jump with one or two legs.
Ball possession
Catching is a technique that provides the opportunity to take possession of the ball and carry out further actions with it. Catching is done with one or two hands. The choice of catching method is dictated by the particular trajectory of the ball and the position of the player in relation to the ball.
Passing the ball - This is the main technique that ensures interaction between partners. Without an accurate and quick pass, it is impossible to create the conditions for a successful attack on the goal. In handball, passes are made mainly with one hand from a place or from a run. The swing is the abduction of the hand with the ball for subsequent acceleration of the ball. The swing can be up - back and to the side - back. The swing is a carrier of information for the enemy. Therefore, the shorter it is, the less information it will provide about the player’s actions. The run-up and swing constitute the preparatory phase of the transfer.
In the main phase, the handball player communicates the speed and direction of the ball’s flight (accelerates the ball) in three ways: with a whip, a push and a brush.
Dribbling is a technique that allows a player to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance, hold the ball as long as necessary, and beat the defender.
Throw - This is a technique that allows you to throw the ball into the goal. With its help, the result of the game is achieved; all other techniques are aimed at creating conditions for a throw.
The throw can be performed in a supporting position, in a jump, in a fall, from a place and from a run. Depending on the conditions under which the throw is performed, its preparatory phase, including the run-up, jump and swing, is different.
3. Defense technique
The main objectives of the game in defense are: defending one’s goal using permitted means, disrupting the opponent’s organized attack and gaining possession of the ball.
The main stance of the defender is with legs bent at an angle of 160 - 170 degrees and legs spaced 20 - 40 cm apart. The back is not tense, the arms, bent at the elbow joints at right angles, are in a comfortable position for quickly moving them in any direction. The weight of the body is distributed on both legs, the gaze is fixed on the opponent, and peripheral vision controls the position of other players and the movement of the ball on the court.
Movements
Walking is necessary for the defender to choose a position when guarding the attacker. The defender uses regular walking and side step. Walking with an extended step is performed in a standing position with bent legs, feet turned outward.
Jumping - used when blocking, tackling, intercepting the ball. Reacting to the actions of the attacker, the defender must be able to make a jump from any starting position. The defender jumps, pushing with one and two legs.
Ball Possession Opposition
Blocking is blocking the path of the ball or offensive player. Blocking the ball is done with one or two hands from above, from the side, from below. Having determined the direction of the throw, the defender quickly straightens his arm to block the path of the ball.
Knocking out is a technique that allows you to interrupt the dribbling of the ball; it is performed by hitting the ball with one hand. The defender uses a kick-out at the moment when the ball is between the attacker’s hand and the surface of the court. Having approached to a distance that allows him to reach the ball, the handball player quickly extends his hand and hits the ball with his fingers.
Tackling the ball when throwing is interrupting the throw at the end of the ball's acceleration. The defender moves his hand towards the ball from the direction of the intended throw and, as it were, removes the ball from the attacker’s hand.
4. Goalkeeper technique
Not allowing the ball into the goal and organizing a counterattack are the main tasks of the goalkeeper’s game activity. All playing techniques are divided into defensive and offensive techniques.
Defense technique
The goalkeeper's stance becomes especially important because it ensures that the goalkeeper is ready to save the ball. The main goalkeeper stance is a position with legs bent at an angle of 160-170 degrees, spaced 20-30 cm apart.
Movements
Walking - the goalkeeper will use regular and step-up walking to select a position. Side step walking is performed in a standing position with bent legs. At the same time, a constant state of readiness obliges him not to lose contact with the support.
Jumping - the goalkeeper makes a push with one or two legs. Most often, these are jumps to the sides without preparatory movements from a stance, with a push of the same or opposite direction of movement with the foot, more often before the jump, if the situation allows, he takes only one step.
Falls are not the goalkeeper's primary method of movement, but in difficult game situations he uses this means to quickly move to the ball.
Counteraction and possession of the ball
Holding the ball is a technique that allows you to change the direction of the ball flying into the goal after the attacker's throw. This technique, depending on the flight of the ball, can be performed with one or two hands, one or two legs, or the torso.
Catching is a technique that allows you to block the ball from entering the goal with the obligatory mastery of it. Catching is done with only two hands. It is better to catch a ball flying along a lobbed path close to the goalkeeper. But if the speed of the ball is high, then the goalkeeper must use any other method of protecting the goal.
Goalkeeper attack technique
The goalkeeper must be able to pass with one and two hands from above and from the side in a supporting position. Passes over medium and long distances are especially important for him. Outside his zone, the goalkeeper's playing techniques are the same as those of the field player.
Key terms:
Technique, goalkeeper, field player, shooting, passing the ball, dribbling, feints, blocking
Listusedliterature
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