Wrote in July 26th, 2014
It is the world's largest twin-engine jet passenger aircraft. The Boeing 777 set an absolute range record for passenger aircraft: 21,601 thousand km! Boeing 777 (“Triple Seven” or “three sevens”) - this aircraft was developed in the early 1990s, made its first flight in 1994, and has been in operation since 1995. The Boeing 777 was the first commercial airliner to be designed 100% by computers. And this is the safest long-haul airliner in the history of aviation!
I flew on three sevens only once - from Dubai to Male with Emirates airlines and then I was surprised to learn that they saved a lot on the layout of the economy class cabin, we will put one additional seat in a row, reducing the width of the others! In this report I will talk about the history of creation, design features and show the passenger cabin of the largest operator of this type of aircraft in Russia.
History of creation:
In the mid-1970s. The three-engine 777, which was intended as a competitor to the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011. This aircraft was conceived as a modified version of the 767 with a redesigned wing and tail part. It was planned to create two main options: a short-haul aircraft, which would be capable of carrying up to 175 passengers over a distance of 5,000 kilometers, and an intercontinental airliner, carrying the same number of passengers over a distance of up to 8,000 kilometers.
Work on twin-engine aircraft soon began, but the 777 project was frozen, as difficulties arose with the design of the tail section of the aircraft, and the company also decided to focus on the more commercially promising 757 and 767. As a result, when both aircraft began to roll off the assembly line, it became Clearly there is a missing link in Boeing's aircraft line. There was an urgent need to have an aircraft that would be in the niche between such machines as the Boeing 767-300ER and Boeing 747-400.
At first, Boeing planned to simply modify the 767, resulting in the so-called 767-X concept. It was in many ways similar to the 767, but had a longer fuselage, a larger wing and could carry about 340 passengers over a distance of up to 13.5 thousand kilometers.
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But airlines were not impressed with the new aircraft. They wanted an aircraft capable of flying shorter distances and with a cabin configuration similar to the Boeing 747, which, in addition, could be changed by adding or removing the required number of passenger seats in a particular class of cabin. Another necessary condition was to reduce operating costs - they would have to be significantly lower than those of the 767. As a result, the original project was heavily redesigned and the twin-engine Boeing 777 was born.
The Boeing 777 was the first commercial airliner to be designed 100% by computers. During the entire development period, not a single paper drawing was released; everything was made using a three-dimensional design system.
Development of the aircraft began in 1990 and the first order was immediately received from United Airlines. In 1995, the first 777 began commercial flights. Currently, the 777-200LR is the aircraft capable of performing the longest passenger flights in the world.
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Modifications:
The 777-200 was the first modification of the aircraft and was intended for Segment A. The first 777-200 was delivered to United Airlines on May 15, 1995. With a range of 5,235 nautical miles, the 777-200 modification was aimed primarily at US domestic carriers. A total of 88 different aircraft of the 777-200 modification were delivered to ten customers. Airbus's competing model is the A330-300.
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The stretched version of the 777-300 was intended to replace the Boeing 747-100 and Boeing 747-200 aircraft. Compared to older versions of the 747, the stretched version has similar passenger capacity and range, but uses a third less fuel and has 40% lower operating costs. The fuselage of the 777-300 is extended by 11 meters compared to the basic modification of the 777-200, which allows it to accommodate up to 550 passengers in a single-class configuration. The modification's maximum range is 6,015 nautical miles, allowing the 777-300 to serve heavily trafficked destinations previously served by the 747.
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777-200ER
Modification 777-200ER (“ER” means Extended Range, increased range). The 777-200ER has increased fuel capacity and maximum take-off weight compared to the 777-200 modification. Intended for international carriers and transatlantic flights, the "nf" modification has maximum range 7700 nautical miles (14260.4 km).
777-200LR
The 777-200LR (“LR” stands for Longer Range), a Segment C model, became the world's longest-range commercial airliner in 2006. Boeing called this model the Worldliner, indicating the airliner's ability to connect almost any two airports. The modification set a world record for the longest non-stop flight among commercial airliners - the flight range is 9,380 nautical miles (17,370 km). The 777-200LR modification is designed for ultra-long flights, such as Los Angeles - Singapore or Dallas - Tokyo. The 777-200LR has an increased maximum takeoff weight and three additional fuel tanks in the rear cargo compartment.
777-300ER
The 777-300ER (“ER” stands for Extended Range) is a modification of the 777-300. The modification has beveled and extended wingtips, new main landing gear, a reinforced nose strut and additional fuel tanks. The model's standard GE90-115B turbofan engines are the most powerful jet engines in the world today, with a maximum thrust of 513 kN. The maximum range is 7,930 nautical miles (14,690 km), made possible by increased maximum take-off weight and fuel capacity. The 777-300ER's fully loaded range is increased by approximately 34% compared to the 777-300. After flight tests, the introduction of new engines, wings and an increase in take-off weight, fuel consumption decreased by 1.4%.
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And all the modifications in the visual series:
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A good illustration for comparing scales is the 737 in front. Please note that the diameter of the GE-115B engine installed on the 777 model is only 30 cm less than the width of the Boeing 737 cabin!
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Design elements:
The design of the aircraft's airframe includes the use of composite materials, which account for 9% of the weight of the structure. The interior floor and steering wheels are also made from such materials. The main part of the fuselage has a circular cross-section and at the rear it turns into a blade-like tail cone, in which the auxiliary power point.
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The airliner also has the largest landing gear and the largest tires ever used on a commercial jet airliner. Each tire on the 777-300ER's six-wheel main landing gear can support 27 tons, which is more than the tire load on a Boeing 747-400!
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The aircraft has three redundant hydraulic systems, of which only one is needed for landing.
In the wing fairing under the fuselage there is an emergency aircraft turbine - a small propeller that extends out of the aircraft in emergency situations to provide minimal power.
The General Electric GE90 engines powering the Boeing 7777 are the largest and most powerful jet engines in aviation history.
And all five Boeing 777-300 of Transaero are equipped with RR211 Trent 892 engines from Rolls Royse:
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Cockpit:
The cockpit is very spacious. The Boeing 777 in all modifications is a long-haul airliner capable of serving non-stop commercial flights lasting up to 18 hours. However, regulations of various aviation regulatory bodies, professional and trade union organizations limit the continuous work time of crew and flight attendants.
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Interior:
The 777 interior, also known as the Boeing Signature Interior, features curved lines, extended overhead bins and indirect lighting. Seat configurations range from 4 abreast in first class to 10 abreast in economy class. The size of the windows - 380x250 mm - was the largest of any commercial airliner until the introduction of the 787.
Each airline's passenger cabin has its own layout. It depends on certain customer requirements, and not on the type of aircraft!
Please note that in economy class, Transaero has one less seat in a row than, for example, Emirates (!) and Aeroflot. This means that the chairs themselves are wider and more comfortable!
Examples of the layout of Boeing 777 -200 and -300 a/k Transaero:
Economy 2-5-2:
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Economy 3-3-3:
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Emirates" - economy 3-4-3
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Aeroflot - economy: 3-4-3
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Let's take a look on board the Boeing 777-300 of Transaero Airlines. EI-UNM flew with Singapore Airlines and was transferred to Transaero in 2012. The interior has been completely updated, with a Lumexis entertainment system installed throughout. The upholstery uses wear-resistant Alcantara material, and the seat manufacturer is the Italian company Aviointeriors.
Imperial class "Transaero":
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Business Class:
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Economy class:
The economy class cabin in red colors is called “economy class”, and the blue one is called “tourist class”. They differ in the pitch of the seats. In economy class - 36 inches, in tourist class - 32 inches.
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Wi-Fi is available on board! I'll have to test it somehow when I fly.
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Visually, the color separation in the interior is pleasing to the eye:
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Kitchen at the rear of the plane:
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And even an installation for uncorking champagne bottles for the Imperial class:
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In total, about 1100 aircraft have been produced at the moment!
Once I photographed the 1000th copy in Dubai:
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Safety:
This airliner is considered the safest aircraft among all long-haul airliners. During its 18 years of operation, the Boeing 777 suffered eight incidents, including one crash and two hijacking attempts. On July 6, 2013, the first plane crash with human casualties occurred. An Asiana Airlines Boeing 777-200ER, flying from Seoul to San Francisco, crashed while landing at San Francisco Airport, hitting the end of the runway with its tail. 2 people died.
Boeing 777 in Russia:
In Russia, the largest operator of Boeing 777 aircraft is Transaero. This company has 14 aircraft in its fleet: 5 Boeing 777-300, 9 Boeing 777-200ER. In addition to Transaero, this aircraft is in the fleet of Aeroflot, Nordwind and Orenair.
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The Boeing 777 has been operated by Transaero for 5 years; in one of the following reports I will talk about its maintenance at the company’s own repair and technical facilities.
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Enjoy your flights!
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I thank the press service of Transaero Airlines and personally Sergei Moryakov for the opportunity to make this report!
Taken from alexcheban in The plane that flies the farthest!
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The Boeing 777 is the world's largest wide-body airliner, impressive not only for its size and comfort, but also technical characteristics. It is equipped with two of the most powerful jet engines ever installed on a passenger aircraft. This model is one of the most reliable aircraft in its class.
Development history
In 1978, having studied the market and the wishes of air carriers in detail, Boeing introduced 3 fundamentally new developments:
- twin-engine 757 model with more economical fuel consumption (compared to the previous 727 model);
- twin-engine long-haul 767 (as a competitor to the Airbus A300);
- Model 777 with three engines (this aircraft challenged the DC-10 and L-1011 models).
In the future, the first two models will debut with success, and the 777 model project will be postponed indefinitely.
In 1988, it became known about the next project, which was the Boeing 777 with 2 engines. Airlines became interested in this model. At the end of 1989, sales of a new twin-engine model began.
The design process for the 777 was guided by 8 guidelines largest airlines peace. For the first time in its history, Boeing used such experience. The development process included a specially created working group, the first meeting of which took place in early 1990. The object of their discussion was a list of wishes and recommendations based on the needs and wishes of passengers. That is why the company recognized the 777 as an airliner, the development of which was based on the wishes of the consumer.
The presentation of the aircraft is presented in this video:
The moment the Aeroflot Boeing 777 takes off is recorded in this video:
The springboard for the production of the aircraft was a huge plant in Everett, specially built in 1960 for the development of the 747 model.
The first customer of the new product was United Airlines. This company ordered 34 aircraft. Development of the model began in the early 1990s, and already in 1994 it made its first flight.
Technical features of the liner
The model has a number of distinctive characteristics:
- The Boeing 777 is the first commercial airliner in history to be built entirely using computer programs. Its development process was completely free of paper drawings and everything was made using CATIA (3D design system). Thanks to pre-assembly The program managed to avoid a lot of errors during production.
- The model holds the record among passenger airliners for flight range – 21,601 km.
- The height of the aircraft is 18.5 m.
- Length – 74 m.
- Wingspan – 64.9 m.
- Cabin width – 5.87 m.
- The weight of the 777 model is 160 tons when empty, and with passengers, fuel and luggage it reaches 300 tons.
- Average fuel consumption is 5000 l per hour.
- The maximum possible speed is 950 km/h, cruising speed is 905 km/h.
- The plane is equipped with two powerful engines.
- Passenger capacity: from 305 to 550 people, taking into account the interior configuration.
- Maximum flight altitude is 13,100 m.
- The maximum flight range is from 9.1 to 17.5 thousand km (depending on modification).
- The total number of toilets in the cabin is 7.
Interior features
The interior of the airliner is practical and stylish. The design is made in curved lines. The cabin has spacious luggage racks and indirect (global) lighting. Multimedia monitors are built into the backs of the seats, which will allow passengers to spend time with interest: watch a movie, listen to news from the cockpit.
Economy Class Boeing 777 
Video review of the interior of an Aeroflot Boeing 777:
Each company offers its own interior layout, as it largely depends on the customer’s preferences. The number of seats ranges from 4 in business class to 10 in the budget segment.
The dimensions of the windows are 380 by 250 mm. Due to the lowering shelves, the developers managed to increase the space above the heads. The carefully thought-out layout of the cabin makes it possible to quickly move the seats to achieve the desired configuration.
Boeing 777 cabin layout, best seats
The interior of this model has a base extended by 10 m, which has a passenger capacity of up to 550 people.
Rows 1-5 business class
The most comfortable places. The chairs can accommodate not only sitting, but also lying down. All the advantages of these seats can only be fully appreciated during the flight; their cost is fully justified, because comfort is what is especially important during long flights.
Unlike other classes, there is a fairly large distance between seats - 1 m 60 cm. Passengers are offered the press and a varied menu.
When choosing a seat in business class, you should take into account that there is a toilet near DGHK 1: the sound of flushing water is clearly audible, so the passenger will be constantly distracted by extraneous sounds.
Many airlines have a very thin partition between business class and economy class, but this is not the case with Aeroflot: this carrier leaves a large distance between the compartments, which helps create conditions for optimal sound insulation.
6-11 row
This is the so-called comfort class, that is, intermediate between “business” and “economy”, a new product from Aeroflot. The distance between the seats is slightly smaller than in business class. The seats can be reclined 130 degrees. Each passenger has at his disposal a screen located in the back of the seat in front. With its help you can watch videos and listen to music. Passengers are also offered the latest newspapers.
17-51 row
These seats belong to economy class. There is a distance of 81 cm between the seats. This is the most popular and therefore the most spacious class.
In economy class, the seat backs recline 105-100 degrees.
17, 24 and 38 row
They are considered privileged because they have a number of additional advantages: each of these seats cannot recline the back, but the passenger in them has this opportunity. Moreover, ahead considerable distance for legs - as in business class.
The maximum comfort of these rows is called into question by one “but”: the close proximity of the bathroom. Due to this, there may be a constant crowd of people here. The sound of water is also distracting. If you do not take these nuances into account, then these places are ideal for relaxation and sleep.
On some airliners in rows 23, 36, 37, 50, 51 there is a possibility that the seat backs will be blocked due to their proximity to the toilet.
Seats 23A and 23K have only a small window located on the emergency exit door. The table and multimedia display are located in the armrest.
It is prohibited to block the emergency passage with luggage or hand luggage. Elderly people, disabled people, children or animals cannot be accommodated here.
At first glance, it seems that these are the most inconvenient places, but they have one significant advantage: there is a lot of legroom in front, since there is an emergency passage here. This is a great advantage, especially for those passengers who travel long distances.
ABHK seats row 47
They are classified as seats with additional amenities: they are located in the rear and have a large distance in front of the seats. Their advantage is also their location near the window, which offers a magnificent view. The rest of the budget places are no different.
This demonstration video will allow you to get acquainted with the interior of the aircraft and the view from the inside:
Cockpit
The 777's cabin has a clean layout similar to Boeing's predecessors. This is the company's first commercial airliner equipped with a fully program-based fly-by-wire control system. It is equipped with a glass cabin. Has LCD displays from Honeywell.
The Cockpit features the first fiber optic control system network installed on a passenger aircraft. It was also decided to leave control using the steering wheel. The system has a flight parameters protection function: it monitors that pilots do not exceed the flight configuration and also helps to avoid dangerous maneuvers. If necessary, the system can be turned off.
In 2003, an updated cabin was introduced with the additional option of separate crew rest areas, which are located above the main cabin and have stairs. They have 2 armchairs and the same number of beds.
Features and differences of Boeing 777 modifications
| Model | Main characteristics |
| Boeing 777-200 | The first aircraft of the 777 line, which was intended for the US domestic market. A total of 88 such aircraft were produced. The first commercial operation was launched by United Airlines in 1995. |
| Boeing 777-200ER | Compared to the basic version, it has additional fuel tanks. Characterized by increased take-off weight. The main purpose is intercontinental flights. The range is 14260 km. The first copy was put into operation by British Airways in early February 1997. |
| Boeing 777-200LR | Has the status of an ultra-long-range airliner. He made the longest flight without landing (the range was 17,370 km). The development of the aircraft took place almost in parallel with the 777-300ER. The Boeing 777-200LR has an additional 3 tanks and increased take-off weight. Innovations include modified wing tips, a strengthened airframe and new landing gear. The model was first delivered to Pakistan International Airlines in 2006. |
| Boeing 777-300 | The length is 11 m longer than its predecessor. Thanks to this, it has the ability to carry 550 passengers in a mono configuration. Compared to outdated models, it has the same number of seats for transporting passengers and range, but at the same time consumes 30% less fuel. Operating costs reduced by 40%. The increased length gave the developers a reason to create skis under the tail of the aircraft to prevent it from hitting the ground during takeoff, and cameras for comfortable maneuvering. The maximum flight distance is 11,120 km. The first copy of this model was put into operation in 1998 by Cathay Pacific. |
| Boeing 777-300ER | It is considered a modified model with increased capacity and the highest take-off weight. Has new main landing gear and additional fuel tanks. The tail, wings and fuselage have been modified and significantly improved. Engines with turbofans are the most powerful jet systems with maximum thrust ratings of 513 Kn. The flight range with maximum load has been increased by 34% compared to the previous model and is 14,690 km. In 2004, the first aircraft of this model was delivered to Air France. |
| Boeing 777 Freighter | This airliner is designed to transport cargo. Weight Limit for transportation is almost 103 tons. The maximum flight range is 9043 km. |
| Boeing 777 (KC-777) | In the second half of 2006, the start of production of this tanker aircraft was announced. It could become a full-fledged replacement for the KC-767, which is in service with the US Air Force. The model exceeds the dimensions of the KS-767, so it can deliver a large volume of cargo and personnel. But in 2007, instead of the specified model, the US Air Force proposed a modification of the KC-767 Advanced Tanker. |
| Boeing 777X | The development process of this model started in 2013, mass production has not yet begun, production is planned for 2020. It will be a large but economical aircraft. Its passenger capacity will be 353 people. It will be longer than its predecessors. It is planned to increase aerodynamics, which will give an advantage over other models. |
Comparison of Boeing 777 with analogues
The Boeing 777-300 was released to replace the outdated 747 model. The first has a base extended by 11 m, which makes it possible to accommodate a maximum of 550 passengers - the same as in the previous model; the flight range is also the same. But despite this, the Boeing 777-300 is a third more economical in fuel consumption and 40% cheaper to maintain.
The Boeing 777-200 has a strong competitor from Airbus - the A330-300. TO distinctive features The maximum flight range of the first manufacturer can be attributed: it is significantly higher and amounts to 14,300 km, while that of the competitor is 10,400 km. Boeing also has a higher maximum take-off weight, it is 297,560 kg, while Airbus has a higher maximum take-off weight of 233,000 kg. The A330 model has a smaller cabin width: it is 5.28 m. For its competitor, this figure is slightly larger - 5.87 m.
Number of Boeing 777 aircraft in carrier fleets
Aeroflot company:
- Boeing 777-300ER – 16 aircraft;
- Boeing 737-800 – 33 aircraft.
Nordwind Airlines has the following fleet:
- Boeing 777-200ER – 3 aircraft;
- Boeing 777-300ER – 2 aircraft;
- Boeing 737-800 – 7 aircraft.
Emirates Airlines has at its disposal:
- Boeing 747-400 – 2 aircraft;
- Boeing 777-200 – 19 aircraft;
- Boeing 777-300 – 112 aircraft.
Supply table
| Year | Number of deliveries |
| 1990 | 28 |
| 1991 | 24 |
| 1992 | 30 |
| 1993 | 30 |
| 1994 | 0 |
| 1995 | 101 |
| 1996 | 68 |
| 1997 | 54 |
| 1998 | 68 |
| 1999 | 35 |
| 2000 | 116 |
| 2001 | 30 |
| 2002 | 32 |
| 2003 | 13 |
| 2004 | 42 |
| 2005 | 153 |
| 2006 | 77 |
| 2007 | 132 |
| 2008 | 40 |
| 2009 | 30 |
| 2010 | 40 |
| 2011 | 73 |
| Total | 1372 |
Price
The cost of a Boeing 777 depends on the modification of the aircraft: it can vary from $270 million to $330 million.
The Boeing 777 is an aircraft whose design was developed not only taking into account the interests of air carriers, but also based on the wishes of passengers. The total number of aircraft deliveries from 1990 to 2011 is 1,372. Aircraft of this model are available in the fleets of the world's largest carriers.
Render of the Boeing 777X airliner
The American aircraft manufacturing concern Boeing showed Aviation Week the folding wing of the promising B777X passenger aircraft. According to the developers' calculations, folding and unfolding the wing will take no more than 20 seconds. In extreme positions, the movable segment will be fixed with a special locking mechanism.
The Boeing 777X passenger aircraft will be the world's largest twin-engine airliner. The aircraft will have a folding wing so it can easily navigate regular runways and fit into standard aircraft hangars. The folding wing has never been commercially installed on civil aircraft, although it is common among naval combat aircraft.
The length of the folding section of the wing console of a production Boeing 777X will be about 7.3 meters. With the winglets folded, the wingspan of the airliner will be 64.5 meters, and with the winglets unfolded - 71.8 meters.
Currently, the American concern is testing a “bare” wing segment, without additional elements and panels installed on it. The folding section is currently driven by a special installation, and not by an internal wing drive. The purpose of the tests at the initial stage is to check the operation of the locking mechanism.
In video footage published by Aviation Week, loud clicks can be heard when the wing reaches its extreme positions. This indicates normal operation of the locking mechanism. It is not yet known when full testing of the folding wing for the Boeing 777X is planned.
The Boeing concern has been developing the promising family of B777X passenger airliners since the early 2010s on the basis of existing B777 aircraft. The new family will include two types of aircraft: B777-8X and B777-9X. The airliners will receive new engines and wings made of composite materials.
In addition, the aircraft will use a number of technologies from the B787 Dreamliner, which began service in 2011. According to Boeing's plans, the B777X project will be defended in 2016, the assembly of the first prototypes will begin in 2017, and the tests necessary for the first flight of the aircraft will begin in 2018. The new passenger aircraft is being developed as a competitor to the European Airbus A380.
Boeing is developing a folding wing for passenger aircraft since the early 1990s. Then they planned to equip Boeing 777 aircraft so that they could use the hangars of outdated DC-10s. The design of the new folding wing differs significantly from the original design.
The wing of the original design was heavier and had a more complex design. The length of the folded section was to be 6.5 meters. Its connection to the main wing console was planned to be ensured using a hinge made like a “piano” with many locks securing the section in extreme positions.
It was planned to fold the wing using a hydraulic drive. Since the folding process was relatively long and made the aircraft less controllable, folding the wing was allowed at a speed of no more than 90 kilometers per hour. The folding and locking mechanism was based on the system of the A-6 Intruder carrier-based attack aircraft.
Vasily Sychev
Well, I haven’t written about the 777X yet.
In Dubai, Boeing announced the official start of the development program new version its main moneymaker - the Boeing 777 aircraft.
A brief summary of what will be new and interesting can be seen in the video.
More information on the website
Briefly about the plans:
2015 - configuration frozen
2017 - production launch
2019 - flight tests
2020 - deliveries to customers.
2 modifications of the aircraft are offered
777-9X, which should carry 400 passengers over a range of 8200 nm (15185 km)
It is reported that this aircraft will be the largest twin-engine aircraft in the world, with, of course, the best fuel consumption per passenger. (otherwise there would be no point in making the plane worse than the existing ones)
Catalog price - 377.2 million dollars
The 777-8X modification is called a direct competitor on the website Airbus aircraft A-350-1000 (first delivery in 2017)
The 777-8X will be able to carry 350 passengers over a range of 9300 nm (17200 km)
List price: $349.8 million
Of course, there is no other data - speeds, weights of the aircraft - takeoff, load, when empty. We'll look at the website; Boeing usually posts documentation quite quickly.
You can read a detailed description of the existing 777s (an 8MB pdf file will open).
The fuselage is of metal construction, I believe, based on the existing 777x, but they promise larger windows. The wing is a composite wing, newly designed in the manner of the composite wing of the 787 model.
From technical features So far, it is officially clear that the aircraft will still have folding wingtips in the manner of carrier-based fighters.
This was done so that the 777X fits into the existing airport infrastructure and can easily be parked for existing 777s.
If you do not fold the winglets, then the aircraft for airports will be like the A-380 with all the limitations inherent to this type.
There were also rumors that Emirates Airlines wants to equip the engines for its airliners with an injection system for an alcohol-water mixture at the compressor inlet. This will allow the airline to operate the 777X even on hot days at full capacity. Now the company is trying to plan long-distance flights from Dubai for cool night-early morning hours.
About orders and customers. There are 259 firm orders for the aircraft, more than three hundred if you count options. Most are from Middle Eastern customers. This amount is more than enough to start the program
Lufthansa is the first to announce a firm order for 34 777X aircraft.
Etihad Airways ordered 25 aircraft of both modifications
Qatar Airways has announced a firm order for 50 aircraft.
Emirates can probably be called the main buyer - a firm order for 150 aircraft.
