The best torpedo boats of the Second World War. World War II weapons, torpedo boats

20.10.201927.05.2017

Pictured: Soviet torpedo boat TK-47 captured by the Germans in the port of Libau.

Long before the outbreak of World War II, the leadership of the Soviet Navy attached great importance to the development of the light forces of the fleet, especially torpedo boats. Therefore, at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War The USSR had 269 Sh-4, G-5 and D-3 torpedo boats. Then, already during the war, the domestic industry built at least 154 more torpedo boats, including 76 boats of the G-5 type, 47 boats of the D-3 type of the second series, 31 boats of the Komsomolets type of project 123bis. In addition, 166 (according to other sources, even 205) Higgins and Vosper-class torpedo boats were received from the allies under the Lend-Lease program. That is, the Soviet fleet practically did not experience a shortage of torpedo boats.

True, the load on the boatmen turned out to be unexpectedly high - after all, in addition to their main task of searching for and attacking ships on enemy communications, torpedo boats during the war had to perform additional combat missions. Such as, for example, reconnaissance and patrol, landing and evacuation of reconnaissance and sabotage groups, protection of coastal convoys, minelaying, anti-submarine warfare in coastal waters, and much, much more.

It is not surprising that such an intensive use of torpedo boats, and often in an unusual form, led to tangible losses. So, only in the first six months of the war, almost 40 torpedo boats were lost, and in total during the years of the Great Patriotic War, according to official data, 139 Soviet torpedo boats were lost.

List of torpedo boats of the USSR Navy that died during the Great Patriotic War:

TK-27 (type G-5) commander Lieutenant Safronov.
June 27, 1941, together with three other torpedo boats, ensured the evacuation of the command and headquarters of the Libau naval base to Vindava. At the crossing, the boats were attacked by four German torpedo boats S-31, S-35, S-59 and S-60 from the 3rd torpedo boat flotilla. After the battle, TK-27 broke away from the group and followed on its own. Soon he was attacked by enemy bombers and sank from the damage received.
According to other sources, in the morning, when leaving the harbor of Liepaja, it was fired upon and sunk by two German Bf-109 fighters. The personnel was removed by the boat TK-37.

TK-47 (until 05/25/1940 - TK-163) (type G-5) commander chief foreman (foreman of the first article) F. Zyuzin.
June 27, 1941, together with three other torpedo boats, ensured the evacuation of the command and headquarters of the Libau naval base to Vindava. On the way, the detachment was attacked by four German torpedo boats S-31, S-35, S-59 and S-60 from the 3rd torpedo boat flotilla. In the ensuing battle, TK-47, covering the retreat of the rest of the boats, was heavily damaged and used up fuel. For two days the boat drifted on the high seas and, after new damage received as a result of machine-gun fire from an enemy fighter, was abandoned by the crew. Having built rafts from the gas tanks of the boat, five sailors and three officers of the base headquarters headed for the shore. On the morning of July 1, they landed in the Ventspils region, were taken prisoner by the Aizsargs and handed over to the Germans.
The abandoned boat was captured by the Germans, who handed it over to the Finns. In the Finnish Navy, the boat was called "Viima".

TK-12 (type G-5) commander senior lieutenant M. V. Zlochevsky.
July 3, 1941 hit a floating mine and sank west of Balaklava (Black Sea). The entire crew was killed.

TK-123 (G-5 type)
On July 18, 1941, during a daytime attack on an enemy convoy in the Irben Strait, it was set on fire by German minesweepers and sank.

TK-71 (until 05/25/1940 - TK-123) (G-5 type) commander Lieutenant N. S. Skripov.
July 22, 1941 escorted the tug "Lachplesis" from the island of Ezel to Paldiski. In the Gulf of Riga, south of Abruk Island, it was attacked by German torpedo boats S-28 and S-29 from the 3rd torpedo boat flotilla. It caught fire, exploded and died with all the personnel.

U-1 (until April 1941 - TK-134)

U-2 (until April 1941 - TK-144) (type Sh-4)
On August 13, 1941, at the Ochakov - Nikolaev (Black Sea) crossing, it was fired upon by enemy coastal artillery, received serious damage and was flooded by personnel.

TK-103 (G-5 type)
On August 28, 1941, during the transition of the Baltic Fleet from Tallinn to Kronstadt, in the area of Prangli Island, he died under fire from Soviet ships (leader Minsk, destroyers Fast and Glorious), who mistook a group of their torpedo boats for enemy boats at night.
According to other sources, it hit a mine and sank near Cape Yuminda (Gulf of Finland).

TK-34 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-93) (G-5 type) commander Lieutenant V. I. Belugin.

TK-74 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-17) (G-5 type) commander Lieutenant I.S. Ivanov.
On September 17, 1941, during the withdrawal of Soviet troops, it was flooded by the crew in Keyguste Bay of Ezel Island due to the fact that they did not have time to complete the repair of damage received on September 7 from enemy aircraft.

U-4 (type Sh-4)
On September 18, 1941, in the port of Svobodny, she received serious damage and sank.

TK-91 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-94) (G-5 type) commander Lieutenant Aristov.
On September 20, 1941, at 14:10, near Sommers Island in the Gulf of Finland, it was set on fire by a German seaplane Ar-95 from SAGr.125, exploded and sank.

TK-12 (type D-3) commander senior lieutenant A. G. Sverdlov.
On September 23, 1941, at about 15:40, during an attack on a convoy in the Gulf of Finland, it was sunk by artillery fire from German patrol ships V-305, V-308 and V-313 in the area of the Orrengrund Bank (in the Suursaari area).

TK-24 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-83) (G-5 type) commander Lieutenant M. P. Kremensky.
On September 27, 1941, during the attack of the German cruisers "Leipzig", "Emden", destroyers T-7, T-8 and T-11 in the bay of Lyu (Esel Island), it sank from a shell hit. The crew was filmed by other boats.

TK-114 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-184) (G-5 type)
On October 1, 1941, at 20:50 in the evening, during the transition, he was blinded by a searchlight from the Finnish island of Ranki and sat on stones near Reypon, north of Gogland Island in the Gulf of Finland. The next day, it was fired upon by a German reconnaissance aircraft and exploded at 09:25. The personnel was removed by the TK-53 boat.

TK-151 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-154) (type G-5) commander senior lieutenant I. V. Tkachenko.
On October 3, 1941, for unknown reasons, he died on the transition from Dago Island to Khanko (Gulf of Finland). The entire crew was missing.
According to some sources, on October 3, 1941, it was sunk by enemy aircraft at the exit from the Irben Strait, according to other sources, on October 5, 1941, it was sunk by enemy destroyers when departing from Syrve Island.

TK-21 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-24) (G-5 type)
On October 8, 1941, while moored in the harbor of Sommers Island in the Gulf of Finland, she was attacked by enemy bombers, received heavy damage and sank.

TK-52 (type D-3) commander senior lieutenant A. T. Kolbasov.
On October 14, 1941, at the Gogland-Hanko crossing (Gulf of Finland), as part of a detachment in a storm, he broke away from the rest of the boats in the area of Kallbedari Bank. On October 18, west of the island of Borstö (west of Hanko), the boat and 6 crew members were captured by the Finns. In the Finnish navy it was called "Vasama" and was used as a patrol boat.

TK-64 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-121) (G-5 type)
On October 16, 1941, during the passage of Cape Kolgania - Kronstadt (Gulf of Finland), in a snowstorm, it anchored at Cape Seyviste, was blown away and thrown onto stones near the island of Bjorke (in the Koivisto region). Received damage and was abandoned by the crew. In November 1941, it was discovered by the Finns, repaired and introduced into the Finnish Navy under the name "Viima".

TK-141 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-144) (G-5 type)
On October 16, 1941, during the passage of Cape Kolgania - Kronstadt (Gulf of Finland), in a snowstorm, it anchored at Cape Seyviste, was blown away and thrown onto stones near the island of Bjorke (in the Koivisto region). Received damage and was abandoned by the crew. In November 1941, it was discovered by the Finns, repaired and introduced into the Finnish Navy under the name "Vihuri".

TK-131 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-134) (G-5 type)
October 17, 1941 at 13.45-15.00 at the crossing southwest of Gogland (Gulf of Finland) was attacked and sunk by machine-gun fire by two Finnish Fokker D-21 aircraft from LLv 30.

TK-13 (until 09/07/1941 - TK-11) (G-5 type)
On October 22, 1941, she sank near Lavensaari Island in the Gulf of Finland as a result of an accident.
According to other sources, it was sunk by enemy aircraft.

TK-74 (until 1937 - TK-23) (G-5 type)
On October 26, 1941, while parking in Novorossiysk (Black Sea), a fire broke out on the boat, gasoline tanks exploded and it sank.
According to other sources, it burned down during the transition from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk.

TK-72 (type D-3)

TK-88 (type D-3)
November 1, 1941, in the period 9.25-10.15, while traveling as part of a link to Hanko, 5 km east of Seskar Island (Gulf of Finland), it was attacked by five Finnish Fokker D-21 aircraft from LLv 30, exploded from machine gun and cannon fire and sank with the entire crew .

TK-102 (type D-3)
November 1, 1941, in the period 9.25-10.15, while traveling as part of a link to Hanko, 5 km east of Seskar Island (Gulf of Finland), it was attacked by five Finnish Fokker D-21 aircraft from LLv 30, exploded from machine gun and cannon fire and sank with the entire crew .

TK-72 (type G-5) commander P. Ya. Konovalov.
November 1, 1941 hit a mine and sank in the Black Sea.

TK-71 (type G-5) commander L. M. Zolotar.
November 12, 1941 during the bombardment of Gelendzhik (Black Sea) was damaged and sank. Later it was raised, repaired and commissioned.

TK-142 (until 08/11/1941 - TK-145) (G-5 type)
November 12, 1941 during the bombing of Gelendzhik (Black Sea) was damaged by a bomb explosion and sank.

TK-21 (until 11/13/1940 - TK-181) (type G-5) commander Romanov.
On November 17, 1941, at 23:00, while crossing from Sevastopol to Gelendzhik, together with the TK-11, it collided with it near Cape Sarych near Yalta (Black Sea) and sank. The personnel were saved.

TK-12 (type D-3)
On December 11, 1941, during the evacuation of the garrison from the island of Gogland, it was crushed by ice near the island of Lavensaari (Gulf of Finland).

TK-42 (type D-3)
On December 11, 1941, during the evacuation of the garrison from the island of Gogland, it was crushed by ice and sank near the island of Lavensaari (Gulf of Finland). The crew was rescued by the Volga gunboat.

TK-92 commander senior lieutenant B. G. Kolomiets.
On December 26, 1941, during the landing in the Eltigen area (Kerch Strait), he was thrown ashore by a wave, and later shot by enemy coastal artillery. 2 crew members were killed.
According to other sources, after the Kerch operation, the boat was delivered to the repair base with huge damage (it had 272 bullet and shrapnel holes), but was completely restored and went back into service.

TK-85 (until 11/13/1940 - TK-142) (G-5 type) commander Lieutenant Zhulanov.
On December 27 (28), 1941, during the landing in the port of Kamysh-Burun (Kerch Strait), as a result of an enemy mine, it received a hole and sank near the shipyard. From the crew, 3 people died.

TK-105 (until 11/13/1940 - TK-62) (G-5 type) commander Lieutenant I. N. Vasenko.
On December 27 (28), 1941, during the landing in the port of Kamysh-Burun (Kerch Strait), it was thrown ashore by a storm and on December 29, 1941 was destroyed by enemy mortar and artillery fire. 3 crew members were killed.
According to other sources, it was set on fire by enemy mortar and artillery fire and washed ashore.

TK-24 (type G-5) commander Lieutenant A.F. Krylov.
On December 29, 1941, during the landing in the port of Kamysh-Burun (Kerch Strait), it was set on fire by enemy mortar and artillery fire and thrown ashore by a storm. 3 crew members were killed.

To be continued…

Limbourg brothers. Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. Delights and labors of the months. 15th century.

The "Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry" is an illuminated manuscript created for John, Duke of Berry mostly in the first quarter of the 15th century by the Limbourg brothers. Although not finished before the death of both the customer and the artists. So later it was also worked on probably by Barthélemy d "Eyck. The manuscript was brought to its present state by Jean Colombe in 1485-1489. The most famous part of it is known as "Delights and labors of the months". It consists of 12 miniatures depicting months of the year and the corresponding everyday activities, most of them with castles in the background.

Letter to N.V. Gogol July 15, 1847

Belinsky V.G. / N. V. Gogol in Russian criticism: Sat. Art. - M.: State. publisher artistic lit. - 1953. - S. 243-252.

You are only partly right when you see an angry person in my article: this epithet is too weak and gentle to express the state in which reading your book has led me. But you are not at all right, attributing this to your, indeed, not entirely flattering reviews about admirers of your talent. No, there was a more important reason. The offended sense of self-love can still be endured, and I would have the sense to keep silent about this subject, if the whole matter consisted only in it; but it is impossible to endure the offended sense of truth, human dignity; one cannot remain silent when, under the cover of religion and the protection of the whip, lies and immorality are preached as truth and virtue. Yes, I loved you with all the passion with which a person who is related by blood to his country can love its hope, honor, glory, one of its great leaders on the path of consciousness, development, and progress. And you had a solid reason to get out of a calm state of mind at least for a minute, having lost the right to such love. I say this not because I consider my love the reward of a great talent, but because, in this respect, I represent not one, but many persons, of whom neither you nor I have seen the greatest number and who, in turn, never saw you either. I am unable to give you the slightest idea about the indignation that your book aroused in all noble hearts, nor about the cry of wild joy that issued, at the appearance of it, all your enemies - both literary (Chichikovs, Nozdryovs, Gorodnichies, etc.), and non-literary, whom you know the names.

Upper Paleolithic by Zdenek Burian

Zdenek Burian: Reconstruction of Upper Paleolithic daily life

Cro-Magnons, early modern humans or Homo sapiens sapiens (50,000 - 10,000 years before present). Reconstruction of Upper Paleolithic daily life by Zdenek Burian, an influential 20th century palaeo-artist, painter and book illustrator from Czechoslovakia. The images represent an artistic rendition of the ideas used to circulate in the middle of the 20th century: what was it like for European early modern humans or Cro-Magnons to live during the last Ice Ages (from about 40,000 to 12,000 years before present ). Some of the concepts are put in doubt today, some are still retaining their value.

Years of decisions

Oswald Spengler: Years of Decisions / Per. with him. V. V. Afanasiev; General version by A.V. Mikhailovsky.- M .: SKIMEN, 2006.- 240p.- (Series "In Search of the Lost")

Introduction Hardly anyone waited as passionately as I did for the national upheaval of this year (1933). From the first days I hated the dirty revolution of 1918 as a betrayal of an inferior part of our people in relation to its other part - a strong, unspent, resurrected in 1914, which could and wanted to have a future. Everything that I have written since then on politics has been directed against the forces which, with the help of our enemies, have entrenched themselves on top of our misery and misfortune in order to deprive us of our future. Every line was supposed to contribute to their downfall, and I hope that's how it happened. Something had to come in some form in order to release the deepest instincts of our blood from this pressure, if we were to participate in the coming decisions of world history, and not just be its victims. Big game world politics is not yet complete. The highest bids have yet to be made. For any living people, it is about its greatness or destruction. But the events of this year give us hope that this question has not yet been resolved for us, that we will someday again - as in the time of Bismarck - become the subject, and not just the object of history. We live in titanic decades. Titanic means terrible and unfortunate. Greatness and happiness are not a couple, and we have no choice. No one now living anywhere in this world will be happy, but many will be able to walk the path of their lives in greatness or insignificance of their own free will. However, one who seeks only comfort does not deserve the right to be present at this. Often the one who acts sees far. He moves without realizing his purpose.

The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR), the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (Ukrainian SSR), the Byelorussian Socialist Soviet Republic (BSSR) and the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR - Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia) conclude this Union Treaty on unification into one union state - "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" - on the following grounds. one.

About the Russian peasantry

Gorky, M.: Berlin, I.P. Ladyzhnikov Publishing House, 1922

People whom I used to respect ask: what do I think about Russia? Everything that I think about my country, more precisely, about the Russian people, about the peasantry, the majority of it, is very hard for me. It would be easier for me not to answer the question, but - I have experienced too much and I know in order to have the right to remain silent. However, I ask you to understand that I am not judging anyone, I am not justifying anyone - I am simply telling what forms the mass of my impressions has taken. An opinion is not a condemnation, and if my opinions turn out to be erroneous, this will not upset me. In essence, every nation is an anarchist element; the people want to eat as much as possible and work as little as possible, they want to have all the rights and have no duties. The atmosphere of lawlessness, in which the people have long been accustomed to live, convinces them of the legitimacy of lawlessness, of the zoological naturalness of anarchism. This applies especially closely to the mass of the Russian peasantry, who experienced a harsher and more prolonged oppression of slavery than other peoples of Europe. The Russian peasant has been dreaming for hundreds of years of some kind of state without the right to influence the will of the individual, on his freedom of action, a state without power over man. In the unrealizable hope of achieving equality for everyone with unlimited freedom for everyone, the Russian people tried to organize such a state in the form of the Cossacks, the Zaporozhian Sich. Even to this day, in the dark soul of the Russian sectarian, the idea of some kind of fabulous “Oponsky kingdom” has not died, it exists somewhere “on the edge of the earth”, and in it people live serenely, not knowing the “Antichrist vanity”, the city, painfully convulsively tortured creativity of culture.

Appeal to the Abkhaz people

Dear compatriots! The brotherhood of Abkhazians and Georgians dates back to time immemorial. Our common Colchic origin, genetic relationship between our peoples and languages, common history, common culture obliges us today to seriously think about the future fate of our peoples. We have always lived on the same land, sharing both sorrow and joy with each other. We had a common kingdom for centuries, we prayed in the same temple and fought common enemies on the same battlefield. Even today, representatives of the most ancient Abkhazian families do not distinguish Abkhazians and Georgians from each other. The Abkhazian princes Shervashidze called themselves not only Abkhazian, but also Georgian princes, the Georgian language, along with the Abkhazian, was their native language, as well as for the Abkhazian writers of that time. We were connected by the culture of "Vepkhistkaosani" and the ancient Georgian temples, decorated with Georgian inscriptions, those that still stand in Abkhazia today, captivating the viewer with their beauty. We were connected by the bridge of Queen Tamar on the Beslet River near Sukhumi, and the river that keeps an old Georgian inscription, Bedia and Mokvi, Likhny, Amber, Bichvinta and many other monuments are witnesses of our brotherhood, our unity. Abkhaz in the mind of a Georgian has always been a symbol of sublime, chivalrous nobility. This is evidenced by Akaki Tsereteli's poem "Mentor" and many other masterpieces of Georgian literature. We are proud that it was the Georgian writer Konstantine Gamsakhurdia who glorified the Abkhaz culture and way of life, the valor and fortitude of the Abkhaz people in his novel The Abduction of the Moon to the whole world.

Upper Paleolithic reconstructions

Reconstructions of Upper Paleolithic daily life

From 50,000 to 10,000 years before present. Last Ice Age. Realm of Cro-Magnons and other early Homo sapiens sapiens: anatomically and more or less behaviorally modern humans. Consciousness, speech, art positively exist. It is very much debatable if Homo species other than Homo sapiens sapiens ever possessed them. Major world population is early Homo sapiens sapiens, but also some other species of Homo, more characteristic for previous epochs, Neanderthals and possibly even some subspecies of Homo erectus, coexisted for much of the period. Humans begin to populate Australia and Americas. First decisive evidence of spears used as projectile weapons. Invention of a tool to throw them faster and farther: spear-thrower. Bow seems to be invented only near the transition from the Upper Paleolithic to the Mesolithic. Control of fire, fire making including, is widespread. Pleistocene megafauna: iconic mammoths and woolly rhinoceros. Many of mammals common enough today exist in much larger forms: giant beavers, giant polar bears, giant kangaroos, giant deers, giant condors. Some in "cave" forms, like cave bears, cave lions, cave hyenas.

A naturalist's journey around the world on the Beagle

Darwin, Ch. 1839

Charles Darwin's round-the-world voyage on the Beagle in 1831-1836 under the command of Captain Robert FitzRoy. The main goal of the expedition was a detailed cartographic survey of the eastern and western coasts. South America. And most of the time of the Beagle's five-year voyage was spent precisely on these studies - from February 28, 1832 to September 7, 1835. The next task was to create a system of chronometric measurements in a successive series of points around the globe to accurately determine the meridians of these points. For this, it was necessary to make a trip around the world. So it was possible to experimentally confirm the correctness of the chronometric determination of longitude: to make sure that the determination of the longitude of any starting point by the chronometer coincides with the same determinations of the longitude of this point, which was carried out upon returning to it after crossing the globe.

The Effects of a Global Thermonuclear War

4th edition: escalation in 1988 By Wm. Robert Johnston. Last updated 18 August 2003. Introduction The following is an approximate description of the effects of a global nuclear war. For the purposes of illustration it is assumed that a war resulted in mid-1988 from military conflict between the Warsaw Pact and NATO. This is in some ways a worst-case scenario (total numbers of strategic warheads deployed by the superpowers peaked about this time; the scenario implies a greater level of military readiness; and impact on global climate and crop yields are greatest for a war in August ). Some details, such as the time of attack, the events leading to war, and the winds affecting fallout patterns, are only meant to be illustrative. This applies also to the global geopolitical aftermath, which represents the author's efforts at intelligent speculation. There is much public misconception concerning the physical effects of nuclear war--some of it motivated by politics. Certainly the predictions described here are uncertain: for example, casualty figures in the U.S. are accurate perhaps to within 30% for the first few days, but the number of survivors in the U.S. after one year could differ from these figures by as much as a factor of four. reasonable basis for expecting results radically different from this description--for example, there is no scientific basis for expecting the extinction of the human species. Sources supplying the basis for this description include the U.S.

Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Adopted at the extraordinary seventh session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation on October 7, 1977

The Great October Socialist Revolution, carried out by the workers and peasants of Russia under the leadership of the Communist Party led by V. I. Lenin, overthrew the power of the capitalists and landowners, broke the fetters of oppression, established the dictatorship of the proletariat and created the Soviet state - a state of a new type, the main instrument for defending revolutionary gains building socialism and communism. The world-historical turn of mankind from capitalism to socialism began. Having won in civil war Having repulsed the imperialist intervention, the Soviet government carried out the most profound socio-economic transformations, forever put an end to the exploitation of man by man, to class antagonisms and national enmity. Union Soviet republics to the USSR increased the strength and capabilities of the peoples of the country in the construction of socialism. Social ownership of the means of production and genuine democracy for the working masses have been established. For the first time in the history of mankind, a socialist society was created. A vivid manifestation of the strength of socialism was the unfading feat of the Soviet people, their Armed Forces, who won a historic victory in the Great Patriotic War. This victory strengthened the prestige and international positions of the USSR and opened up new favorable opportunities for the growth of the forces of socialism, national liberation, democracy and world peace. Continuing their creative activity, the workers Soviet Union ensured the rapid and all-round development of the country and the improvement of the socialist system. The alliance of the working class, the collective-farm peasantry and the people's intelligentsia, and the friendship of the nations and peoples of the USSR, have become stronger.

Cueva de las Manos

Cueva de las Manos. Some time between 11000 and 7500 BC.

The Cueva de las Manos in Patagonia (Argentina), a cave or a series of caves, is best known for its assemblage of cave art executed between 11,000 and 7,500 BC. The name of "Cueva de las Manos" stands for "Cave of Hands" in Spanish. It comes from its most famous images - numerous paintings of hands, left ones predominantly. The images of hands are negative painted or stencilled. There are also depictions of animals, such as guanacos (Lama guanicoe), rheas, still commonly found in the region, geometric shapes, zigzag patterns, representations of the sun and hunting scenes like naturalistic portrayals of a variety of hunting techniques, including the use of bolas.

The idea to use a torpedo boat in combat first appeared in the First World War. world war from the British command, but the British failed to achieve the desired effect. Further, the Soviet Union spoke on the use of small mobile ships in military attacks.

History reference

A torpedo boat is a small warship designed to destroy warships and transport ships with projectiles. During the Second World War, it was repeatedly used in hostilities with the enemy.

By that time, the naval forces of the major Western powers had a small number of such boats, but their construction increased rapidly by the time hostilities began. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, there were almost 270 boats equipped with torpedoes. During the war, more than 30 models of torpedo boats were created and more than 150 were received from the allies.

The history of the creation of a torpedo ship

Back in 1927, the TsAGI team carried out the development of the project of the first Soviet torpedo ship, headed by A.N. Tupolev. The ship was given the name "Pervenets" (or "ANT-3"). It had the following parameters (unit of measurement - meter): length 17.33; width 3.33 and draft 0.9. The strength of the vessel was 1200 hp. s., tonnage - 8.91 tons, speed - as much as 54 knots.

The armament that was on board consisted of a 450 mm torpedo, two machine guns and two mines. The pilot production boat in mid-July 1927 became part of the Black Sea naval forces. They continued to work at the institute, improving the units, and in the first month of the autumn of 1928, the ANT-4 serial boat was ready. Until the end of 1931, dozens of ships were launched into the water, which they called "Sh-4". Soon, the first formations of torpedo boats arose in the Black Sea, Far Eastern and Baltic military districts. The Sh-4 ship was not ideal, and the fleet management ordered a new boat from TsAGI in 1928, which was later called the G-5. It was a completely new ship.

Torpedo ship model "G-5"

The G-5 planing vessel was tested in December 1933. The ship had a metal hull and was considered the best in the world both in terms of technical characteristics and armament. Serial production of "G-5" refers to 1935. By the beginning of World War II, it was the basic type of boats in the USSR. The speed of the torpedo boat was 50 knots, the power was 1700 hp. with., and were armed with two machine guns, two 533 mm torpedoes and four mines. Over the course of ten years, more than 200 units of various modifications were produced.

During the Great Patriotic War, the G-5 boats hunted enemy ships, guarded ships, carried out torpedo attacks, landed troops, and escorted trains. The disadvantage of torpedo boats was the dependence of their work on weather conditions. They could not be at sea when its excitement reached more than three points. There were also inconveniences with the placement of paratroopers, as well as with the transportation of goods associated with the lack of a flat deck. In this regard, before the war itself, new models of long-range boats "D-3" with a wooden hull and "SM-3" with a steel hull were created.

Torpedo leader

Nekrasov, who was the head of the experimental design team for the development of gliders, and Tupolev in 1933 developed the design of the G-6 ship. He was the leader among the available boats. According to the documentation, the vessel had the following parameters:

displacement 70 tons;
six 533 mm torpedoes;
eight motors of 830 hp with.;
speed 42 knots.

Three torpedoes were fired from torpedo tubes located at the stern and having the shape of a chute, and the next three from a three-tube torpedo tube that could turn and was located on the deck of the ship. In addition, the boat had two cannons and several machine guns.

Gliding torpedo ship "D-3"

torpedo boats USSR brands "D-3" were produced at the Leningrad plant and Sosnovsky, which was located in the Kirov region. There were only two boats of this type in the Northern Fleet when the Great Patriotic War began. In 1941, another 5 ships were produced at the Leningrad plant. Only starting from 1943, domestic and allied models began to enter service.

The D-3 ships, unlike the previous G-5s, could operate at a farther (up to 550 miles) distance from the base. The speed of the torpedo boat of the new brand ranged from 32 to 48 knots, depending on the engine power. Another feature of the "D-3" was that they can make a volley while stationary, and from the "G-5" units - only at a speed of at least 18 knots, otherwise the fired missile could hit the ship. On board were:

two torpedoes 533 mm sample of the thirty-ninth year:
two DShK machine guns;
gun "Oerlikon";
coaxial machine gun "Colt Browning".

The hull of the ship "D-3" was divided by four partitions into five waterproof compartments. Unlike boats of the G-5 type, the D-3 was equipped with better navigation equipment, and a group of paratroopers could move freely on the deck. The boat could take on board up to 10 people who were accommodated in heated compartments.

Torpedo ship "Komsomolets"

On the eve of World War II, torpedo boats in the USSR were further developed. Designers continued to design new and improved models. So a new boat called "Komsomolets" appeared. Its tonnage was the same as that of the G-5, and the tube torpedo tubes were more advanced, and it could carry more powerful anti-aircraft anti-submarine weapons. For the construction of ships, voluntary donations from Soviet citizens were attracted, hence their names appeared, for example, "Leningrad Worker", and other similar names.

The hull of the ships, released in 1944, was made of duralumin. The interior of the boat included five compartments. On the sides on the underwater part, keels were installed to reduce pitching, the trough torpedo tubes were replaced with tube tubes. Seaworthiness increased to four points. Armament included:

torpedoes in the amount of two pieces;
four machine guns;
depth bombs (six pieces);
smoke equipment.

The cabin, which housed seven crew members, was made of an armored seven-millimeter sheet. World War II torpedo boats, especially Komsomolets, distinguished themselves in the spring battles of 1945, when Soviet troops were approaching Berlin.

The path of the USSR to create gliders

The Soviet Union was the only major maritime country that built ships of this type. Other powers switched to the creation of keel boats. During the calm, the speed of the red-lined vessels was significantly higher than that of the keel ones, with a wave of 3-4 points - on the contrary. In addition, keeled boats could carry more powerful weapons.

Mistakes made by engineer Tupolev

The float of a seaplane was taken as a basis in torpedo boats (Tupolev's project). Its top, which affected the strength of the device, was used by the designer on the boat. The upper deck of the vessel was replaced by a convex and steeply curved surface. It was impossible for a person to stay on deck even when the boat was at rest. When the ship was moving, it was completely impossible for the crew to leave the cockpit, everything that was on it was thrown off the surface. In wartime, when it was necessary to transport troops on the G-5, the servicemen were put into the gutters that the torpedo tubes have. Despite the good buoyancy of the vessel, it is impossible to transport any cargo on it, since there is no place to place it. The design of the torpedo tube, which was borrowed from the British, was unsuccessful. The lowest ship speed at which torpedoes were fired is 17 knots. At rest and at a lower speed, a salvo of a torpedo was impossible, since it would hit the boat.

Military German torpedo boats

During the First World War, in order to fight the British monitors in Flanders, the German fleet had to think about creating new means of fighting the enemy. They found a way out, and in 1917, in the month of April, the first small one with torpedo armament was built. The length of the wooden hull was a little over 11 m. The ship was set in motion with the help of two carburetor engines, which overheated already at a speed of 17 knots. When it was increased to 24 knots, strong splashes appeared. One 350 mm torpedo tube was installed in the bow, shots could be fired at a speed of no more than 24 knots, otherwise the boat hit the torpedo. Despite the shortcomings, the German torpedo ships entered mass production.

All ships had a wooden hull, the speed reached 30 knots in a wave of three points. The crew consisted of seven people, on board there was one 450 mm torpedo tube and a machine gun with a rifle caliber. By the time the armistice was signed, there were 21 boats in the Kaiser fleet.

Worldwide, after the end of the First World War, there was a decline in the production of torpedo ships. Only in 1929, in November, the German company "Fr. Lyursen accepted an order for the construction of a combat boat. Released vessels were improved several times. The German command was not satisfied with the use of gasoline engines on ships. While the designers were working to replace them with hydrodynamics, other designs were being finalized all the time.

German torpedo boats of World War II

Even before the outbreak of World War II, the naval leadership of Germany set a course for the production of combat boats with torpedoes. Requirements were developed for their shape, equipment and maneuverability. By 1945, it was decided to build 75 ships.

Germany was the third largest exporter of torpedo boats in the world. Before the start of the war, German shipbuilding was working on the implementation of Plan Z. Accordingly, the German fleet had to be solidly re-equipped and have a large number of ships carrying torpedo weapons. With the outbreak of hostilities in the fall of 1939, the planned plan was not fulfilled, and then the production of boats increased sharply, and by May 1945, almost 250 units of Schnellbotov-5 alone were put into operation.

Boats with a hundred-ton carrying capacity and improved seaworthiness were built in 1940. Warships were designated starting with "S38". It was the main weapon of the German fleet in the war. The armament of the boats was as follows:

two torpedo tubes with two to four missiles;
two thirty-millimeter anti-aircraft weapons.

The maximum speed of the vessel is 42 knots. 220 ships were involved in the battles of World War II. German boats on the battlefield behaved bravely, but not recklessly. In the last few weeks of the war, the ships were involved in the evacuation of refugees to their homeland.

Germans with a keel

In 1920, despite the economic crisis, a check was made in Germany on the work of keel and row ships. As a result of this work, the only conclusion was made - to build exclusively keel boats. At the meeting of Soviet and German boats, the latter won. During the fighting in the Black Sea in 1942-1944, not a single German boat with a keel was drowned.

Interesting and little-known historical facts

Not everyone knows that the Soviet torpedo boats that were used during the Second World War were huge floats from seaplanes.

In June 1929, aircraft designer A. Tupolev began the construction of a planing vessel of the ANT-5 brand, equipped with two torpedoes. The ongoing tests showed that the ships have such a speed that the ships of other countries could not develop. The military authorities were pleased with this fact.

In 1915, the British designed a small boat with great speed. Sometimes it was called a "floating torpedo tube".

Soviet military leaders could not afford to use Western experience in designing ships with torpedo launchers, believing that our boats were better.

The ships built by Tupolev had an aviation origin. This is reminiscent of the special configuration of the hull and the ship's plating, made of duralumin material.

Conclusion

Torpedo boats (photo below) had many advantages over other types of warships:

small size;
high speed;
great maneuverability;
a small number of people;
minimum supply requirement.

The ships could go out, attack with torpedoes and quickly hide in sea waters. Thanks to all these advantages, they were a formidable weapon for the enemy.

Show phone

Number of rooms: 2-room; House type: brick; Floor: 3; Floors in the house: 4; Total area: 44 m²; Kitchen area: 8 m²; Living area: 30 m²;
We are in the center - NEAR THE ISLAND OF KANT, OPPOSITE THE "FISH VILLAGE" NAB! See the prices below in the text! \\AVAILABLE DATES: \\from 3.11 to 8.11;\\ from 10.11 to 28 DECEMBER,\\from 8 JANUARY onwards free until all.
PRICES FOR AUTUMN (November and winter are even cheaper by 100 r):
from 14 days 1400
from 7 to 13 days 1500
from 4 to 6 days: 1600
from 2 to 3 days: 1700 r
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BRIEFLY: we are on the river bank in the historical (Kant Island) and modern city center opposite the embankment, the so-called Fish Village (see video Kaliningrad, Fish Village). Next to it is a new chic light and music fountain S of about 200 sq.m !!! In the first photo, the red arrow is our house. The rooms are isolated, everything is there, from 1 to 5 people, repair, new furniture. The price does not depend on the number of guests, but DEPENDS ON THE TERM OF RENT. Booking 1000 rubles (in case of your refusal is not refundable).
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Possibility of accommodation 2+2: bedroom - 2 bed 150*200; living room - 2-seater sofa eurobook (there is a folding bed + 1h)
Two-room apartment in a German house in a quiet historic city center opposite the embankment - "Fish Village" (2 min walk from the house) with many restaurants, cafes. When there is no foliage on the trees, the Fishing Village is visible from the window. At 50 m - the main attraction of the city - the island of Kant with the Cathedral. The rooms are bright, large windows, high ceilings.
APARTMENT AFTER FRESH REPAIR. Has everything you need for comfortable living 1-5 people: new furniture, new household appliances ( washing machine, refrigerator, iron), as well as TVs, microwave, hair dryer, ironing board, dryer, unlimited internet (Wi-Fi), cable TV, dishes, detergents, clean linen and towels.
Developed infrastructure: nearby (5 minutes walk) on LENINSKY PROSPECT public transport stops, shops, South Station (10-15 minutes walk) - electric trains to the sea - to the resort cities of Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk. Near the modern city center (2 bus stops). It is easy to get to anywhere in Kaliningrad. On the "Fish Village" embankment there is a pier - boat trips along the river, as well as a travel agency that organizes excursions around the city and the region.
P. S. Photo #1 shows the top floor and the roof of our house (red arrow). On the penultimate 2 photos - a view from the window, and in front of these views - our house (the arrow indicates the entrance). On the last photo Fishing village and Kant Island with the Cathedral not far from the house.

A series of multi-purpose boats of the "Kriegsfischkutter" (KFK) type consisted of 610 units ("KFK-1" - "KFK-561", "KFK-612" - "KFK-641", "KFK-655" - "KFK-659" , "KFK-662" - "KFK-668", "KFK-672" - "KFK-674", "KFK-743", "KFK-746", "KFK-749", "KFK-751") and was adopted in 1942-1945. The boats were built in seven European countries based on a wooden-hulled fishing seiner and served as minesweepers, submarine hunters and patrol boats. During the war, 199 boats were lost, 147 were transferred as reparations to the USSR, 156 to the USA, 52 to Great Britain. Performance characteristics of the boat: full displacement - 110 tons; length - 20 m; width - 6.4 m; draft - 2.8 m; power point- diesel engine, power - 175 - 220 hp; maximum speed - 9 - 12 knots; fuel supply - 6 - 7 tons of solarium; cruising range - 1.2 thousand miles; crew - 15 - 18 people. Basic armament: 1x1 - 37 mm gun; 1-6x1 - 20mm anti-aircraft guns. The hunter's armament is 12 depth charges.

Torpedo boats "S-7", "S-8" and "S-9" were built at the shipyard "Lürssen" and put into operation in 1934-1935. In 1940-1941. boats were re-equipped. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 76 tons, total displacement - 86 tons; length - 32.4 m; width - 5.1 m; draft - 1.4 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 3.9 thousand hp; maximum speed - 36.5 knots; fuel supply - 10.5 tons of solarium; cruising range - 760 miles; crew - 18 - 23 people. Armament: 1x1 - 20-mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 6 mines or depth charges.

Torpedo boats "S-10", "S-11", "S-12" and "S-13" were built at the shipyard "Lürssen" and put into operation in 1935. In 1941. boats were re-equipped. One boat for reparations was transferred to the USSR. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 76 tons, total displacement - 92 tons; length - 32.4 m; width - 5.1 m; draft - 1.4 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 3.9 thousand hp; maximum speed - 35 knots; fuel supply - 10.5 tons of solarium; cruising range - 758 miles; crew - 18 - 23 people. Armament: 2x1 - 20-mm anti-aircraft guns; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 6 mines or depth charges.

Torpedo boat "S-16"

Torpedo boats "S-14", "S-15", "S-16" and "S-17" were built at the shipyard "Lürssen" and put into operation in 1936-1937. In 1941 boats were re-equipped. During the war, 2 boats died and one boat was transferred to the USSR and the USA for reparations. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 92.5 tons, total displacement - 105 tons; length - 34.6 m; width - 5.3 m; draft - 1.7 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 6.2 thousand hp; maximum speed - 37.7 knots; fuel reserve - 13.3 tons of solarium; cruising range - 500 miles; crew - 18 - 23 people. Armament: 2x1 or 1x2 - 20-mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 4 torpedoes.

A series of torpedo boats consisted of 8 units ("S-18" - "S-25") and was built at the shipyard "Lürssen" in 1938-1939. During the war, 2 boats died, 2 were transferred to Great Britain for reparations, 1 to the USSR. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 92.5 tons, total displacement - 105 tons; length - 34.6 m; width - 5.3 m; draft - 1.7 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 6 thousand hp; maximum speed - 39.8 knots; fuel reserve - 13.3 tons of solarium; cruising range - 700 miles; crew - 20 - 23 people. Armament: 2x1 or 1x4 - 20-mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 4 torpedoes.

Torpedo boats "S-26", "S-27", "S-28" and "S-29" were built at the shipyard "Lürssen" in 1940. During the war, all boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 92.5 tons, total displacement - 112 tons; length - 34.9 m; width - 5.3 m; draft - 1.7 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 6 thousand hp; maximum speed - 39 knots; fuel supply - 13.5 tons of solarium; cruising range - 700 miles; crew - 24 - 31 people. Armament: 1x1 and 1x2 or 1x4 and 1x1 - 20-mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 4-6 torpedoes.

A series of torpedo boats consisted of 16 units ("S-30" - "S-37", "S-54" - "S-61") and was built at the shipyard "Lürssen" in 1939-1941. During the war, all boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 79 - 81 tons, full - 100 - 102 tons; length - 32.8 m; width - 5.1 m; draft - 1.5 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 3.9 thousand hp; maximum speed - 36 knots; fuel reserve - 13.3 tons of solarium; cruising range - 800 miles; crew - 24 - 30 people. Armament: 2x1 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 37 mm or 1x1 - 40 mm or 1x4 - 20 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 4 torpedoes; 2 bombers; 4-6 min.

A series of torpedo boats consisted of 93 units ("S-38" - "S-53", "S-62" - "S-138") and was built at the shipyards "Lürssen", "Schlichting" in 1940-1944. During the war, 48 boats were lost, 6 boats were transferred to Spain in 1943, 13 boats were transferred to the USSR and the USA for reparations, 12 to Great Britain. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 92 - 96 tons, full - 112 - 115 tons; length - 34.9 m; width - 5.3 m; draft - 1.7 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 6 - 7.5 thousand hp; maximum speed - 39 - 41 knots; fuel supply - 13.5 tons of solarium; cruising range - 700 miles; crew - 24 - 31 people. Armament: 2x1 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 40 mm or 1x4 - 20 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 4 torpedoes; 2 bombers; 6 min.

A series of torpedo boats consisted of 72 units ("S-139" - "S-150", "S-167" - "S-227") and was built at the shipyards "Lürssen", "Schlichting" in 1943-1945. During the war, 46 boats died, 8 boats were transferred to the USA for reparations, 11 to Great Britain, 7 to the USSR. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 92 - 96 tons, full - 113 - 122 tons; length - 34.9 m; width - 5.3 m; draft - 1.7 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 7.5 thousand hp; maximum speed - 41 knots; fuel supply - 13.5 tons of solarium; cruising range - 700 miles; crew - 24 - 31 people. Armament: 1x1 - 40 mm or 1x1 - 37 mm and 1x4 - 20 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 533 mm torpedo tubes; 4 torpedoes; 2 bombers; 6 min.

A series of torpedo boats consisted of 7 units ("S-170", "S-228", "S-301" - "S-305") and was built at the Lürssen shipyards in 1944-1945. During the war, 1 boat was lost, 2 boats were transferred to the USA for reparations, 3 to Great Britain, 1 to the USSR. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 99 tons, total displacement - 121 - 124 tons; length - 34.9 m; width - 5.3 m; draft - 1.7 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 9 thousand hp; maximum speed - 43.6 knots; fuel reserve - 15.7 tons of solarium; cruising range - 780 miles; crew - 24 - 31 people. Armament: 2x1 or 3x2 - 30-mm anti-aircraft guns; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 4 torpedoes; 6 min.

A series of torpedo boats consisted of 9 units ("S-701" - "S-709") and was built at the shipyards "Danziger Waggonfabrik" in 1944-1945. During the war, 3 boats died, 4 were transferred to the USSR for reparations, one each to the UK and the USA. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 99 tons, total displacement - 121 - 124 tons; length - 34.9 m; width - 5.3 m; draft - 1.7 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 9 thousand hp; maximum speed - 43.6 knots; fuel reserve - 15.7 tons of solarium; cruising range - 780 miles; crew - 24 - 31 people. Armament: 3x2 - 30-mm anti-aircraft guns; 4x1 - 533 mm torpedo tubes; 4 torpedoes; 2 bombers; 6 min.

Light torpedo boats of the "LS" type consisted of 10 units ("LS-2" - "LS-11"), built at the shipyards "Naglo Werft", "Dornier Werft" and commissioned in 1940-1944. They were intended for use on auxiliary cruisers (raiders). During the war, all boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 11.5 tons, total displacement - 12.7 tons; length - 12.5 m; width - 3.5 m; draft - 1 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 1.4 - 1.7 thousand hp; maximum speed - 37 - 41 knots; fuel supply - 1.3 tons of solarium; cruising range - 170 miles; crew - 7 people. Armament: 1x1 - 20-mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 450-mm torpedo tubes or 3 - 4 mines.

A series of 60-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 14 units ("R-2" - "R-7", "R-9" - "R-16"), built at the shipyards "Abeking & Rasmussen", "Schlichting-Werft" and put into operation in 1932-1934. During the war, 13 boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 44 - 53 tons, total displacement - 60 tons; length - 25-28 m; width - 4 m; draft - 1.5 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 700 - 770 hp; maximum speed - 17 - 20 knots; fuel supply - 4.4 tons of solarium; cruising range - 800 miles; crew - 18 people. Armament: 1-4x1 - 20-mm anti-aircraft guns; 10 minutes.

A series of 120-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 8 units ("R-17" - "R-24"), built at the shipyards "Abeking & Rasmussen", "Schlichting-Werft" and put into operation in 1935- 1938 In 1940-1944 3 boats died, one boat was transferred to the UK, the USSR and the USA for reparations, the rest were decommissioned in 1947-1949. Performance characteristics of the boat: full displacement - 120 tons; length - 37 m; width - 5.4 m; draft - 1.4 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 1.8 thousand hp; maximum speed - 21 knots; fuel supply - 11 tons of solarium; cruising range - 900 miles; crew -20 - 27 people. Armament: 2x1 and 2x2 - 20-mm anti-aircraft guns; 12 min.

A series of 126-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 16 units ("R-25" - "R-40"), built at the shipyards "Abeking & Rasmussen", "Schlichting-Werft" and put into operation in 1938- 1939 During the war, 10 boats died, 2 boats were transferred to the USSR and 1 to Great Britain for reparations, the rest were decommissioned in 1945-1946. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 110 tons, total displacement - 126 tons; length - 35.4 m; width - 5.6 m; draft - 1.4 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 1.8 thousand hp; maximum speed - 23.5 knots; fuel supply - 10 tons of solarium; cruising range - 1.1 thousand miles; crew - 20 people. Armament: 2x1 and 2x2 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 10 minutes.

A series of 135-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 89 units ("R-41" - "R-129"), built at the shipyards "Abeking & Rasmussen", "Schlichting-Werft" and put into operation in 1940- 1943 During the war, 48 boats died, 19 boats were transferred to the USA for reparations, 12 to the USSR and 6 to Great Britain. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 125 tons, total displacement - 135 tons; length - 36.8 - 37.8 m; width - 5.8 m; draft - 1.4 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 1.8 thousand hp; maximum speed - 20 knots; fuel supply - 11 tons of solarium; cruising range - 900 miles; crew -30 - 38 people. Armament: 1-3x1 and 1-2x2 - 20-mm and 1x1 - 37-mm anti-aircraft gun; 10 minutes.

A series of 155-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 21 units ("R-130" - "R-150"), built at the shipyards "Abeking & Rasmussen", "Schlichting-Werft" and put into operation in 1943- 1945 During the war, 4 boats died, 14 boats were transferred to the USA for reparations, 1 to the USSR and 2 to Great Britain. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 150 tons, total displacement - 155 tons; length - 36.8 - 41 m; width - 5.8 m; draft - 1.6 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 1.8 thousand hp; maximum speed - 19 knots; fuel supply - 11 tons of solarium; cruising range - 900 miles; crew - 41 people. Armament: 2x1 and 2x2 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 1x1 - 86-mm rocket mortar.

A series of 126-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 67 units ("R-151" - "R-217"), built at the shipyards "Abeking & Rasmussen", "Schlichting-Werft" and put into operation in 1940- 1943 49 boats died, the rest were transferred to Denmark as reparations. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 110 tons, total displacement - 126 - 128 tons; length - 34.4 - 36.2 m; width - 5.6 m; draft - 1.5 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 1.8 thousand hp; maximum speed - 23.5 knots; fuel supply - 10 tons of solarium; cruising range - 1.1 thousand miles; crew - 29 - 31 people. Armament: 2x1 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 10 minutes.

A series of 148-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 73 units ("R-218" - "R-290"), built at the Burmester shipyard and commissioned in 1943-1945. 20 boats died, 12 were transferred to the USSR as reparations, 9 to Denmark, 8 to the Netherlands, 6 to the USA. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 140 tons, total displacement - 148 tons; length - 39.2 m; width - 5.7 m; draft - 1.5 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 2.5 thousand hp; maximum speed - 21 knots; fuel supply - 15 tons of solarium; cruising range - 1 thousand miles; crew - 29 - 40 people. Armament: 3x2 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 12 min.

A series of 184-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 12 units ("R-301" - "R-312"), built at the Abeking & Rasmussen shipyard and commissioned in 1943-1944. During the war, 4 boats died, 8 boats were transferred to the USSR for reparations. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 175 tons, total displacement - 184 tons; length - 41 m; width - 6 m; draft - 1.8 m; power plant - 3 diesel engines, power - 3.8 thousand hp; maximum speed - 25 knots; fuel reserve - 15.8 tons of solarium; cruising range - 716 miles; crew - 38 - 42 people. Armament: 3x2 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 1x1 - 86-mm rocket launcher; 2x1 - 533-mm torpedo tubes; 16 min.

A series of 150-ton minesweepers of the "R" type consisted of 24 units ("R-401" - "R-424"), built at the Abeking & Rasmussen shipyard and commissioned in 1944-1945. During the war, 1 boat was lost, 7 boats were transferred to the USA for reparations, 15 to the USSR, 1 to the Netherlands. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 140 tons, total displacement - 150 tons; length - 39.4 m; width - 5.7 m; draft - 1.5 m; power plant - 2 diesel engines, power - 2.8 thousand hp; maximum speed - 25 knots; fuel supply - 15 tons of solarium; cruising range - 1 thousand miles; crew - 33 - 37 people. Armament: 3x2 - 20 mm and 1x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 86-mm rocket launchers; 12 min.