Usually, when drawing up an employment contract, nursing staff hired in a hospital are invited to study the functional duties of a nurse. This is necessary in order to avoid possible conflicts between the administration of the medical institution and the new employee. After all, in employment contract As a rule, not all the features of the work provided are formulated clearly and completely. In the job description, they are painted and as specific as possible.
For example, in the practice of hospitals, there are often controversial situations about the delimitation of the functions of procedural nurses and junior nurses. If, for example, the duties of a junior nurse include cleaning the treatment room, then the procedural nurse should already be released from this labor function, and, accordingly, the item on cleaning the working area in her employment contract is excluded.
So, according to the job description, the functional responsibilities of a nurse working in the treatment room of a hospital department include:
implementation of medical and diagnostic procedures according to medical prescriptions;
providing first aid;
ensuring the operation of the treatment room and the availability of the necessary materials, i.e. regular checking of the availability of instruments, medicines, canned blood and blood substitutes;
following the rules of infection control (compliance with aseptic and antiseptic standards);
taking blood from a vein for a biochemical study and sending it to the laboratory;
ensuring strict accounting and storage of medicines of groups A and B;
timely completion of medical documents according to special accounting forms;
adherence to the norms and rules of medical ethics (keeping observance of subordinate relations, intelligible and patient explanation to patients of doctor's prescriptions);
following the rules of internal labor regulations;
periodic professional development;
preparation of the office for the reception of patients;
disinfection of the surfaces of the treatment room;
carrying out quartzization and airing of the office according to the schedule approved by the administration of the medical institution.
At the same time, it is worth considering that the structure of the job description must necessarily include, along with the section “Functional duties of a nurse,” also her rights. This category includes:
Reasonable presentation of requirements to the administration on the issue of creating working conditions that allow high-quality and timely performance of the functional duties of a nurse;
Control over the work of junior medical personnel;
Making proposals to the management of the department on improving the functioning of health facilities (within the competence of the nurse);
Participation in conferences and meetings of nursing staff;
Appeal against the actions of the management of the department to the head doctor
Safety precautions in the implementation of medical procedures, compliance with antiseptic and asepsis standards;
Preservation of medicines and office equipment;
Timeliness and correctness of filling in the documentation of the treatment room.
Thus, knowledge of the structure and main points of their duties by the newly minted nurse of the treatment room will, on the one hand, prevent violations of her rights, and on the other hand, determine the area of responsibility in the workplace.
Complete information on the topic: "Functional duties of a procedural nurse in a hospital" from professionals for people in an understandable language.
Job description of a procedural nurse
[legal form,
name of organization, enterprise]
[position, signature, full name of the head or other
official authorized to approve
job description]
[day month Year]
Job description of a procedural nurse [name of organization]
This job description was developed and approved in accordance with the provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, section "Qualification characteristics of positions of workers in the field of healthcare" of the Unified Qualification Handbook for the positions of managers, specialists and employees, approved. by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated July 23, 2010 N 541n, the List of positions and institutions in which work is counted in the length of service, giving the right to early appointment of an old-age labor pension to persons who carried out medical and other activities to protect public health in healthcare institutions, in in accordance with subparagraph 20 of paragraph 1 of Article 27 federal law"On labor pensions in the Russian Federation", approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2002 N 781, and other regulatory legal acts regulating labor relations.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The procedural nurse is classified as a specialist and reports directly to [position title of immediate supervisor].
1.2. A person who has a secondary vocational education in the specialty "General Medicine", "Obstetrics", "Nursing" and a certificate of a specialist in the specialty "Nursing", "General Practice", "Nursing in Pediatrics" without requirements for work experience.
1.3. The procedural nurse is appointed to the position and dismissed from it by order of [name of the position of the head].
1.4. The procedural nurse should know:
Laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of healthcare;
Theoretical foundations of nursing;
Fundamentals of the treatment and diagnostic process;
Rules for the operation of medical instruments and equipment;
Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical institutions;
Fundamentals of the functioning of budget-insurance medicine and voluntary medical insurance;
Fundamentals of valeology and sanology;
Fundamentals of disaster medicine;
Rules for maintaining accounting and reporting documentation structural unit, the main types of medical records;
Psychology of professional communication;
Basics of labor legislation;
Internal labor regulations;
Rules on labor protection and fire safety.
2. Job responsibilities
Procedure Nurse:
2.1. Performs procedures prescribed by the attending physician that are allowed to be performed by paramedical personnel.
2.2. Helps with manipulations that only a doctor has the right to perform.
2.3. Performs blood sampling from a vein for examination and sends it to the laboratory.
2.4. Provides accounting and storage of medicines of groups A and B in special cabinets.
2.5. Ensures compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis in the treatment room during procedures.
2.6. Sterilizes instruments and materials.
2.7. Draws up requirements for obtaining instruments, equipment, medicines and dressings and receives them in in due course.
2.8. Maintains accounting records.
2.9. Supervises the sanitary and hygienic maintenance of the treatment room.
2.10. Collects and disposes of medical waste.
2.11. Carries out measures to comply with the sanitary and hygienic regime in the room, the rules of asepsis and antisepsis, the conditions for sterilizing instruments and materials, the prevention of post-injection complications, hepatitis, HIV infection.
2.12. [Other Job Responsibilities].
The procedural nurse has the right to:
3.1. For all social guarantees provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.2. For the early appointment of an old-age labor pension [when carrying out medical and other activities to protect the health of the population in healthcare institutions for at least 25 years (in rural areas and urban-type settlements) / when carrying out medical and other activities to protect the health of the population in healthcare institutions for at least 30 years (in cities, rural areas and urban-type settlements or only in cities)], regardless of age.
3.3. To pay additional expenses for medical, social and professional rehabilitation in cases of damage to health due to an accident at work and occupational disease.
3.4. Demand the creation of conditions for the performance of professional duties, including the provision of the necessary equipment, inventory, a workplace that meets sanitary and hygienic rules and regulations, etc.
3.5. Require management to assist in the performance of their professional duties and the exercise of rights.
3.6. Receive information and documents necessary for the performance of their duties.
3.7. Get acquainted with the draft decisions of the management regarding its activities.
3.8. Improve your professional qualifications.
3.9. Sign and endorse documents within their competence.
3.10. [Other rights under labor law Russian Federation].
4. Responsibility
The procedural nurse is responsible for:
4.1. For non-fulfillment, improper fulfillment of the duties provided for by this instruction - within the limits determined by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
4.2. For offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
4.3. For causing material damage to the employer - within the limits determined by the current labor and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
The job description was developed in accordance with [name, number and date of the document]
The work of a nurse in a treatment room
The procedural nurse performs the procedures prescribed by the doctor of the department, which are allowed to be performed by paramedical personnel.
It helps in carrying out manipulations that only a doctor has the right to perform (determination of a blood group, blood transfusion, infusion into the subclavian vein, intra-arterial injection of infusion media, bloodletting, intravenous infusions for children under 1 year old). The duties of a procedural nurse include taking blood from a vein for biochemical research, sending it to the laboratory, conducting intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous injections.
The nurse ensures strict accounting and storage of medicines of groups "A" and "B" in special medicine cabinets. She is responsible for ensuring strict observance of the rules of asepsis in the office during the procedures, disinfects, pre-sterilization cleaning of instruments. Sterilizes instruments and materials in accordance with current regulations.
The procedural nurse performs the Mantoux reaction for diagnostic purposes, performs gastric lavage, fractional and duodenal sounding, performs bile culture, gastric juice for analyses.
7.11. explain to patients the methods and procedure for preparing for laboratory and instrumental studies and procedures;
7.12. help patients prepare for medical examination acceptance of medical and diagnostic procedures;
7.13. prepare workplaces for the start of the shift, controlling the availability of the necessary medical instruments, equipment, documentation, checking the serviceability of equipment and office equipment;
7.14. monitor the timely receipt of the results of laboratory and other studies;
7.15. ensure the replenishment of medical instruments, medicines, disinfectants, medical documentation forms and control their use and storage;
7.16. prepare medical instruments, syringes, droppers for sterilization in accordance with current instructions;
7.17. ensure the safety of property and medical equipment in the unit and timely repair of equipment;
7.18. ensure and monitor strict compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis by the employees of the unit, especially in the treatment room;
7.19. monitor the implementation by patients of the established regimen of the day in the day hospital;
7.20. ensure the proper sanitary and hygienic condition of the premises of the unit;
7.21. supervise the work of junior medical workers of the day hospital and monitor the performance of their duties;
7.22. to carry out sanitary and educational work and correction of the hygienic behavior of day hospital patients;
7.23. systematically improve their professional qualifications;
7.24. maintain the necessary established accounting and reporting medical documentation.
8. The day hospital nurse has the right to:
8.1. make demands on the administration of the polyclinic to create the necessary conditions at the workplace to ensure the high-quality performance of its duties;
8.2. receive the necessary information to perform their functional duties;
8.3. improve their qualifications in the prescribed manner at advanced training courses, at workplaces;
8.4. control the implementation of the instructions given to junior medical workers of the day hospital;
8.5. take part in meetings when discussing the work of a day hospital;
8.6. require patients to comply with the internal regulations of the clinic.
9. Advanced training of a day hospital nurse, assignment of a qualification category, certification for compliance with the position held are carried out in the manner established by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus.
10. The day hospital nurse is responsible for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of her duties, labor and performance discipline, internal regulations, non-compliance with medical ethics and deontology.
Job description of a nurse in the treatment room of the department
A person with a secondary medical education and at least 5 years of practical experience in the profile is appointed to the position of a nurse in a treatment room.
She is appointed and dismissed by the chief physician of the hospital in accordance with applicable law.
Directly reports to the head of the department and the senior nurse.
In his work, he is guided by the orders of higher officials, this instruction.
2. Responsibilities.
1. Performs procedures prescribed by a doctor that are allowed to be performed by paramedical personnel.
2. Helps with manipulations that only a doctor has the right to perform.
3. Produces blood sampling from a vein for biochemical studies and sends it to the laboratory.
4. Provides strict accounting and storage of medicines in special medicine cabinets.
5. Ensures strict observance of all the rules of asepsis and antisepsis in the office during the procedures.
6. Sterilizes instruments and material in accordance with current regulations.
14. Systematically improves professional qualifications by participating in conferences for nurses organized in the hospital and department.
Job Responsibilities of a Medical Nurse
General provisions.
Persons with a completed secondary education, as well as work experience in this department for at least three years, are accepted for the position of a nurse in a treatment room.
They are accepted and dismissed by the chief physician of the hospital on the proposal of the chief nurse. A medical examination is required prior to employment.
The ward nurse is directly subordinate to the head of the department and the head nurse of the department. The ward nurse works according to the schedule drawn up by the head nurse, approved by the head, chief physician. Changes in the work schedule are allowed with the consent of the head nurse and the head of the department.
The replacement of the procedural nurse during her absence is carried out by the head of the department and the senior nurse by transferring to this position one of the nurses of the department who have mastered this work well.
Rights.
1. Has the right to receive information necessary for his work.
2. Make suggestions for improving the cabinet.
3. Pass certification to obtain a qualification category.
4. Get acquainted with the acts of checking the cabinet and, in case of disagreement, make comments and suggestions to them.
Responsibility.
The procedural nurse is responsible for:
1. Timely fulfillment of doctor's prescriptions for procedures.
2. Compliance with the sanitary and epidemiological regime at your workplace, observe the rules of asepsis and antisepsis.
3. Providing the cabinet during the day with the necessary number of instruments, medicines, solutions, sterile materials for performing procedures.
4. Compliance with the conditions and rules for the storage of medicines and cabinet equipment tools.
5. High-quality office documentation.
6. Proper organization of the nurse's work.
Organization of the work of a nurse in the treatment room of a day hospital
Specialists with specialized secondary education and experience in the department are accepted for the position of a nurse in a treatment room. In his professional activity the nurse of the treatment room of the day hospital is guided by the job description approved by the head of the polyclinic (Appendix No. 1). Performing manipulations by a nurse is carried out in full accordance with the appointment of the attending physician (injections, intravenous drip infusions, vaccinations, and others) and in compliance with the technology of nursing manipulations. The nurse of the treatment room must be proficient in the methods of providing first aid to the patient, promptly respond to all adverse changes that occur in the patient's body during the performance of the prescribed procedures and manipulations.
The nurse of the treatment room is responsible for preparing the room for work, selecting instruments, observing the rules of asepsis and antisepsis, and maintaining the sanitary and epidemiological regime.
The area of the treatment room should be 15-20 sq m. The room should be equipped with sources of natural and artificial lighting and equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. The air temperature in the room should be at least 20-25 °C, relative humidity 60-65%. Ventilate the office at least 4 times a day. Bactericidal irradiators (UVR) of direct and reflected exposure are switched on for 30-60 minutes. Walls, floors, ceilings of the room must be made of moisture-resistant materials that are resistant to detergents and disinfectants.
Treatment room equipment:
- - disposable towels for hands and gloves;
- - hangers for the patient's and nurse's gown;
- - a sink for washing hands (preferably with an elbow valve);
- - sterile table;
- - desktop for preparation for injection;
- - one or two manipulation tables;
- - one or two couches;
- - a set of venous tourniquets;
- - a set of oilcloth pillows;
- - cabinet with injection solutions;
- - First aid kits for emergency care (anaphylactic shock, myocardial infarction, etc.), ANTI-AIDS;
- - a sufficient number of syringes;
- - Bix with dressing material;
- - containers with disinfectant solutions for syringes, needles, dressings, gloves, rags.
Once a week in the treatment room, the nurse conducts a general cleaning. When working in the treatment room, he observes safety precautions (all electrical appliances in the room must be grounded). It is forbidden to turn on an open lamp of a bactericidal irradiator in the presence of personnel and patients. Care must be taken when working with strong medicines and disinfectants that can cause burns or poisoning.
In addition, all manipulations and procedures performed, as well as sensitive moments by the nurse, are recorded in the medical documentation of the treatment room (journals).
Documentation of the treatment room of the day hospital:
- Appointment log
- logbook of the work of the treatment room;
- log book of intravenous infusions and droppers;
- logbook of intramuscular, subcutaneous injections and antibiotics;
- a journal for the delivery of medical instruments to the central sterilization room;
- · register of blood sampling for biochemical studies;
- log of the delivery of medical instruments for the shift;
- register of blood transfusion and blood substitutes;
- log of general cleaning;
- a register of patients with hepatitis;
- temperature log in the refrigerator;
- a journal of complications associated with medical manipulations;
- · register of operation of bactericidal lamps;
- · A log of accidents at the workplace.
Purpose and technical data of the ESP.
Installations of submersible centrifugal pumps are designed for pumping out of oil wells, including inclined reservoir fluid containing oil, water and gas, and mechanical impurities. Depending on the number of different components contained in the pumped liquid, the pumps of the installations are of standard and increased corrosion and wear resistance. During the operation of the ESP, where the concentration of mechanical impurities in the pumped liquid exceeds the allowable 0.1 gram / liter, clogging of the pumps occurs, intensive wear of the working units. As a result, vibration increases, water gets into the SEM through the mechanical seals, the engine overheats, which leads to the failure of the ESP.
Conventional designation of installations:
ESP K 5-180-1200, U 2 ESP I 6-350-1100,
Where U - installation, 2 - second modification, E - driven by a submersible electric motor, C - centrifugal, N - pump, K - increased corrosion resistance, I - increased wear resistance, M - modular design, 6 - groups of pumps, 180, 350 - flow m/day, 1200, 1100 – head, m.w.st.
Depending on the diameter of the production string, the maximum transverse dimension of the submersible unit, ESPs of various groups are used - 5.5, and 6. Installation of group 5 with a transverse diameter of at least 121.7 mm. Installations of group 5 a with a transverse dimension of 124 mm - in wells with an internal diameter of at least 148.3 mm. Pumps are also divided into three conditional groups - 5.5 a, 6. The diameters of the cases of group 5 are 92 mm, groups 5 a are 103 mm, groups 6 are 114 mm. Specifications pumps of the ETsNM and ETsNMK types are given in Appendix 1.
Composition and completeness of the ESP
The ESP unit consists of a submersible pump unit (an electric motor with hydraulic protection and a pump), a cable line (a round flat cable with a cable entry sleeve), a tubing string, wellhead equipment and ground electrical equipment: a transformer and a control station (complete device) (see Figure 1.1 .). The transformer substation converts the voltage of the field network of a suboptimal value at the terminals of the electric motor, taking into account the voltage losses in the cable. The control station provides control of the operation of pumping units and its protection under optimal conditions.
A submersible pumping unit, consisting of a pump and an electric motor with hydraulic protection and a compensator, is lowered into the well along the tubing. The cable line provides power supply to the electric motor. The cable is attached to the tubing with metal wheels. The cable is flat along the length of the pump and protector, attached to them by metal wheels and protected from damage by casings and clamps. Check and drain valves are installed above the pump sections. The pump pumps fluid out of the well and delivers it to the surface through the tubing string (see Figure 1.2.)
The wellhead equipment provides suspension on the casing flange of the tubing string with an electric pump and cable, sealing of pipes and cable, as well as removal of the produced fluid to the outlet pipeline.
A submersible, centrifugal, sectional, multistage pump does not differ in principle from conventional centrifugal pumps.
Its difference is that it is sectional, multi-stage, with a small diameter of working steps - impellers and guide vanes. Submersible pumps produced for the oil industry contain from 1300 to 415 stages.
The sections of the pump connected by flange connections are a metal casing. Made from steel pipe 5500 mm long. The length of the pump is determined by the number of operating stages, the number of which, in turn, is determined by the main parameters of the pump. - delivery and pressure. The flow and pressure of the steps depend on cross section and design of the flow path (blades), as well as on the rotational speed. In the casing of the pump sections, a package of stages is inserted, which is an assembly of impellers and guide vanes on the shaft.
The impellers are mounted on a shaft on a feather key in a running fit and can move in the axial direction. The guide vanes are secured against rotation in the nipple housing located at the top of the pump. From below, the pump base is screwed into the housing with inlet holes and a filter through which the liquid from the well enters the first stage of the pump.
The upper end of the pump shaft rotates in the stuffing box bearings and ends with a special heel that takes the load on the shaft and its weight through the spring ring. Radial forces in the pump are perceived by plain bearings installed at the base of the nipple and on the pump shaft.
At the top of the pump is a fishing head, in which a check valve is installed and to which the tubing is attached.
Submersible electric motor, three-phase, asynchronous, oil-filled with a squirrel-cage rotor in the usual version and corrosion-resistant versions of the PEDU (TU 16-652-029-86). Climatic modification - B, placement category - 5 according to GOST 15150 - 69. At the base of the electric motor there is a valve for pumping oil and draining it, as well as a filter for cleaning oil from mechanical impurities.
The hydroprotection of the SEM consists of a protector and a compensator. It is designed to protect the internal cavity of the electric motor from formation fluid ingress, as well as to compensate for temperature changes in oil volumes and its consumption. (See figure 1.3.)
Two-chamber protector, with a rubber diaphragm and mechanical shaft seals, compensator with a rubber diaphragm.
Three-core cable with polyethylene insulation, armored. Cable line, i.e. a cable wound on a drum, to the base of which an extension is attached - a flat cable with a cable entry sleeve. Each cable core has a layer of insulation and sheath, pads of rubberized fabric and armor. Three insulated conductors of a flat cable are laid parallel in a row, and a round cable is twisted along a helical line. The cable assembly has a unified cable gland K 38, K 46 round type. In a metal case, the couplings are hermetically sealed with a rubber seal, lugs are attached to the conductive wires.
The design of UETsNK, UETsNM units with a pump having a shaft and stages made of corrosion-resistant materials, and UETsNI with a pump having plastic impellers and rubber-metal bearings is similar to the design of UETsN units.
With a large gas factor, pump modules are used - gas separators designed to reduce the volume content of free gas at the pump intake. Gas separators correspond to product group 5, type 1 (repairable) according to RD 50-650-87, climatic version - B, placement category - 5 according to GOST 15150-69.
Modules can be supplied in two versions:
Gas separators: 1 MNG 5, 1 MNG5a, 1MNG6 - standard version;
Gas separators 1 MNGK5, MNG5a - increased corrosion resistance.
Pump modules are installed between the input module and the module-section of the submersible pump.
The submersible pump, electric motor, and hydraulic protection are interconnected by flanges and studs. The shafts of the pump, motor and protector have splines at the ends and are connected by spline couplings.
Components for hoists and equipment for ESP units are given in Appendix 2.
Technical characteristics of SEM
The submersible centrifugal pumps are driven by a special oil-filled submersible asynchronous electric motor of three-phase alternating current with a vertical squirrel-cage rotor of the PED type. Electric motors have housing diameters of 103, 117, 123, 130, 138 mm. Since the diameter of the electric motor is limited, at high powers the motor has a large length, and in some cases it is sectional. Since the electric motor operates immersed in liquid and often under high hydrostatic pressure, the main condition for reliable operation is its tightness (see figure 1.3).
The SEM is filled with a special low-viscosity, high dielectric strength oil, which serves both for cooling and for lubricating parts.
The submersible electric motor consists of a stator, a rotor, a head, a base. The stator housing is made of a steel pipe, at the ends of which there is a thread for connecting the motor head and base. The stator magnetic circuit is assembled from active and non-magnetic laminated sheets with grooves in which the winding is located. The stator winding can be single-layer, lingering, reel or double-layer, rod, loop. The winding phases are connected.
The active part of the magnetic circuit, together with the winding, creates a rotating magnetic field in the electric motors, and the non-magnetic part serves as supports for the intermediate rotor bearings. To the ends of the stator winding, lead-out ends are soldered, made of stranded copper wire with insulation, having high electrical and mechanical strength. Solder sleeves to the ends, which include cable lugs. The output ends of the winding are connected to the cable through a special plug-in block (sleeve) of the cable gland. The current lead of the motor can also be of the knife type. The motor rotor is squirrel-cage, multi-section. It consists of a shaft, cores (rotor packs), radial bearings (sliding bearings). The rotor shaft is made of hollow calibrated steel, the cores are made of sheet electrical steel. The cores are mounted on the shaft, alternating with radial bearings, and are connected to the shaft with keys. Tighten the set of cores on the shaft in the axial direction with nuts or a turbine. The turbine serves to force oil circulation to equalize the temperature of the motor along the length of the stator. To ensure oil circulation, there are longitudinal grooves on the immersed surface of the magnetic core. The oil circulates through these slots, the filter at the bottom of the engine where it is cleaned, and through a hole in the shaft. The heel and bearing are located in the engine head. The sub at the bottom of the engine is used to accommodate the filter, bypass valve, and valve for pumping oil into the engine. The sectional version electric motor consists of upper and lower sections. Each section has the same basic nodes. The technical characteristics of the SEM are given in Appendix 3.
Basic technical data of the cable
Electricity is supplied to the electric motor of the submersible pump installation through a cable line consisting of a supply cable and a cable entry sleeve for articulation with the electric motor.
Depending on the purpose, the cable line may include:
Cable brands KPBK or KPPBPS - as the main cable.
Cable brand KPBP (flat)
The cable entry sleeve is round or flat.
The KPBK cable consists of copper single-wire or multi-wire cores, insulated in two layers with high-strength polyethylene and twisted together, as well as cushions and armor.
Cables of KPBP and KPPBPS brands in a common hose sheath consist of copper single-wire and multi-wire conductors insulated with high-density polyethylene and laid in one plane, as well as from a common hose sheath, cushion and armor.
Cables brand KPPBPS with separately hosed conductors consist of copper single- and multi-wire conductors insulated in two layers of high-pressure polyethylene and laid in one plane.
Cable brand KPBK has:
Operating voltage V - 3300
Cable brand KPBP has:
Operating voltage, V - 2500
Permissible reservoir fluid pressure, MPa - 19.6
Permissible GOR, m/t – 180
Cable brand KPBK and KPBP has acceptable temperatures environment from 60 to 45 С air, 90 С - formation fluid.
Cable line temperatures are given in Appendix 4.
1.2. Brief review of domestic schemes and installations.
Installations of submersible centrifugal pumps are designed for pumping oil wells, including inclined ones, reservoir fluid containing oil and gas, and mechanical impurities.
The units are produced in two types - modular and non-modular; three versions: conventional, corrosion-resistant and increased wear resistance. The pumped medium of domestic pumps must have the following indicators:
· reservoir savagery - a mixture of oil, associated water and petroleum gas;
· maximum kinematic viscosity of formation fluid 1 mm/s;
· pH value of associated water pH 6.0-8.3;
· the maximum content of the received water of 99%;
free gas at the intake up to 25%, for units with separator modules up to 55%;
· the maximum temperature of the extracted product is up to 90C.
Depending on the transverse dimensions of the submersible centrifugal electric pumps, electric motors and cable lines used in the set of installations, the installations are conditionally divided into 2 groups 5 and 5 a. With casing string diameters of 121.7 mm; 130 mm; 144.3 mm respectively.
The UEC installation consists of a submersible pump unit, a cable assembly, ground electrical equipment - a transformer co-current substation. The pumping unit consists of a submersible centrifugal pump and a motor with hydraulic protection; it is lowered into the well on the tubing string. The pump is submersible, three-phase, asynchronous, oil-filled with a rotor.
Hydroprotection consists of a protector and a compensator. Three-core cable with polyethylene insulation, armored.
The submersible pump, electric motor and hydraulic protection are interconnected by flanges and studs. The shafts of the pump, motor and protector have splines at the ends and are connected by spline couplings.
1.2.2. Submersible centrifugal pump.
A submersible centrifugal pump does not differ in principle from conventional centrifugal pumps used for pumping liquids. The difference is that it is multi-sectional with a small diameter of working steps - impellers and guide vanes. Impellers and guide vanes of conventional pumps are made of modified gray cast iron, corrosion-resistant pumps are made of niresist cast iron, and wear-resistant wheels are made of their polyamide resins.
The pump consists of sections, the number of which depends on the main parameters of the pump - pressure, but not more than four. Section length up to 5500 meters. For modular pumps, it consists of an input module, a module - a section. Module - head, check and drain valves. Connection between modules and the input module with the motor - flange connection (except for the input module, motor or separator) is sealed with rubber cuffs. Shafts of modules-sections are connected to each other, module-sections are connected to the shaft of the input module, the shaft of the input module is connected to the shaft of the hydraulic protection of the engine by splined couplings. Shafts of modules-sections of all groups of pumps with the same length of casings are unified in length.
The module-section consists of a body, a shaft, a package of steps (impellers and guide vanes), upper and lower bearings, an upper axial bearing, a head, a base, two ribs and rubber rings. The ribs are designed to protect the flat cable with a sleeve from mechanical damage.
The input module consists of a base with openings for formation fluid passage, bearing bushings and mesh, a shaft with protective bushings and a splined coupling designed to connect the module shaft with the hydraulic protection shaft.
The head module consists of a body, on one side of which there is an internal conical thread for connecting a check valve, on the other side - a flange for connecting to the section module, two ribs and a rubber ring.
There is a fishing head at the top of the pump.
The domestic industry produces pumps with a flow rate (m / day):
Modular - 50,80,125,200.160,250,400,500,320,800,1000.1250.
Non-modular - 40.80,130.160,100,200,250,360,350,500,700,1000.
The following heads (m) - 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1400, 1700, 1800, 950, 1250, 1050, 1600, 1100, 750, 1150, 1450, 1750, 1800, 1700, 1550, 1300.
1.2.3. Submersible motors
Submersible electric motors consist of an electric motor and hydraulic protection.
Three-phase, asynchronous, squirrel-cage, two-pole, submersible, unified series motors. SEM in normal and corrosive versions, climatic version B, placement category 5, operate on AC mains with a frequency of 50 Hz and are used as a drive for submersible centrifugal pumps.
The engines are designed to operate in formation fluid (a mixture of oil and produced water in any proportions) with temperatures up to 110 C containing:
· mechanical impurities not more than 0.5 g/l;
free gas no more than 50%;
· hydrogen sulfide for normal, not more than 0.01 g/l, corrosion-resistant up to 1.25 g/l;
Hydroprotective pressure in the area of engine operation is not more than 20 MPa. Electric motors are filled with oil with a breakdown voltage of at least 30 kV. The maximum long-term allowable temperature of the stator winding of the electric motor (for a motor with a housing diameter of 103 mm) is 170 C, for other electric motors 160 C.
The engine consists of one or more electric motors (upper, middle and lower, power from 63 to 630 kW) and a protector. The electric motor consists of a stator, a rotor, a head with a current lead, and a housing.
1.2.4. Hydroprotection of the electric motor.
Hydraulic protection is designed to prevent the penetration of formation fluid into the internal cavity of the electric motor, to compensate for the volume of oil in the internal cavity from the temperature of the electric motor and to transfer torque from the electric motor shaft to the pump shaft. There are several options for waterproofing: P, PD, G.
Hydroprotection is produced in standard and corrosion-resistant versions. The main type of hydraulic protection for the SEM assembly is an open-type hydraulic protection. Open-type hydroprotection requires the use of a special barrier liquid with a density of up to 21 g / cm, which has physical and chemical properties with reservoir fluid and oil.
The hydroprotection consists of two chambers connected by a tube. The change in the volumes of the liquid dielectric in the engine is compensated by the overflow of the barrier liquid from one chamber to another. In closed-type hydroprotection, rubber diaphragms are used. Their elasticity compensates for the change in oil volume.
24. The condition of well flowing, determination of energy and specific gas consumption during the operation of a gas-liquid lift.
Well flowing conditions.
Well flowing occurs if the pressure drop between reservoir and bottom hole is sufficient to overcome the back pressure of the liquid column and friction pressure losses, that is, flowing occurs under the action of the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid or the energy of the expanding gas. Most wells flow due to gas energy and hydrostatic head at the same time.
The gas in the oil has a lifting force, which manifests itself in the form of pressure on the oil. The more gas dissolved in the oil, the less dense the mixture will be and the higher the liquid level will rise. Having reached the mouth, the liquid overflows, and the well begins to flow. The general prerequisite for the operation of any flowing well will be the following basic equality:
Pc \u003d Rg + Rtr + Ru; where
Рс - bottomhole pressure, РР, Рtr, Ру - hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column in the well, calculated along the vertical, pressure losses due to friction in the tubing and backpressure at the wellhead, respectively.
There are two types of well flowing:
· Gushing of a liquid that does not contain gas bubbles - artesian gushing.
· Spouting a liquid containing bubbles of gas that facilitates spouting is the most common type of spouting.
More than 60 percent of oil producing wells require some form of artificial lift technology to produce the initially identified recoverable reserves. Of the approximately 832,000 artificial lift wells in the world, approximately 14 percent were or are being operated using ESP.
Artificial lift is an integral part of well operation, especially in late-stage fields where reservoirs do not have sufficient pressure to lift oil to the wellhead. As gas and oil well rates continue to decline and water rates rise, particularly in water-driven reservoirs, an oil company may begin to use waterflooding, an enhanced oil recovery technique in which water is pumped into the reservoir through a water injection well to move hydrocarbons to other wells.
At the same time, over time, the well's oil flow rate will continue to decline, while the water flow rate will increase. As a result, the pumping time, for example, for a pumping unit increases until the moment when the pump starts working twenty-four hours a day. At this time, the most practical method to increase production is to install a pump with a larger capacity.
One viable option, especially in high volume waterflooding operations, is an electrically driven submersible pump. ESP systems may be the best option for high-yielding wells that have experienced a drop in production and need to increase it. This task is relevant for many fields in the Russian Federation and CIS countries. Older gas lift systems in high water conditions can operate at lower pressures and provide a more complete recovery of recoverable oil reserves if funds are spent on transferring these wells to ESPs.
Of all artificial lift systems electric centrifugal pumps (ESP) provide the greatest return on the deepest wells, but at the same time their use requires more frequent repairs and a corresponding increase in costs. In addition, ESPs provide excellent performance in gas and water saturated environments. Gas and water are naturally present in crude oil in large volumes. To be able to pump out oil at the wellhead, it is necessary to separate gas and water from it. Their high content can cause gas locks in the pump mechanism, which will lead to a significant decrease in productivity and require the extraction of the entire tubing string from the well and its refilling.
Technology of electric centrifugal pumps
In most oil fields, at the stage of operation, downhole pumps are used to pump oil at the wellhead, which have an electric drive. The pump typically includes several centrifugal pump sections in series, which can be configured to suit specific wellbore conditions for a particular application. Electric centrifugal pumps (ESPs) are a common method of artificial lift providing a wide range of sizes and capacities. Electric centrifugal pumps are typically used in older fields with high water cuts (high water-to-oil ratios).
ESP pumps provide economical production by enhancing oil recovery in these low-yielding old fields. ESP completions are an alternative means of artificial lift wells that have low bottom hole pressures. ESP well completions are the most effective way operation of high-rate wells. With the use of large ESPs, flow rates up to 90,000 barrels (14,500 m3) of liquid per day have been obtained.
ESP components
The ESP system consists of several components that rotate centrifugal pumps connected in series to increase the pressure of the well fluid and lift it to the wellhead. Power to rotate the pump is provided by a high voltage (3 to 5 kV) AC source that drives a special motor capable of operating at high temperatures up to 300 °F (150 °C) and high pressures up to 5000 psi (34 MPa) in wells up to 12,000 feet (3.7 km) deep with power consumption up to 1,000 horsepower (750 kW). The ESP uses a centrifugal pump that is connected to an electric motor and operates while submerged in the well fluid. A hermetically sealed electric motor drives a series of impellers. Each impeller in the series delivers liquid through an outlet to the inlet of the impeller located above it.
In a typical 4" ESP, each impeller gives a pressure increase of approximately 9 psi (60 KPa). For example, a typical 10-section pump produces about 90 psi (600 kPa) at the outlet (i.e. 10 wheels x 9 psi). The lift and performance of the pump depends on the diameter of the impeller and the width of the impeller blade. The pump pressure is a function of the number of impellers. As an example, a 1/2 horsepower 7-section pump can pump a large volume of water at low pressure, while a 1/2 horsepower 14-section pump pumps a smaller volume, but at more high pressure. As with all centrifugal pumps, increasing well depth or outlet pressure results in reduced performance.
In ESP systems, the electric motor is located at the bottom of the layout, and the pump is at the top. An electrical cable is attached to the outer surface of the tubing and the assembly is lowered into the well such that the pump and motor are below the liquid level. A mechanical seal system and an equalizing/safety seal (equivalent names) are used to prevent liquid from entering the motor and eliminate the risk of short circuits. The pump can be connected either to a pipe, to a flexible hose, or run along guide rails or wire so that the pump sits on a foot flange coupling and thus provides a connection to the compressor pipes. When the electric motor rotates, the rotation is transferred to the impeller in the battery of sequential centrifugal pumps. The more sections the pump has, the higher the liquid will rise.
The electric motor is selected taking into account the needs of the pump. The pump is designed to pump a certain volume of liquid. The shaft can be made of monel metal, and the sections of corrosion and wear resistant material. The pump has a rotary centrifugal action. A protective assembly is attached to the top of the pump to isolate the motor and to allow the shaft to move in the center to drive the pump.
The cable runs from the top of the motor, to the side of the pump/seal, and is attached to the outside of each tubing along the entire length of the production string from the motor to the wellhead and then to the electrical junction box. The cable consists of three strands of protected and insulated continuous wire. Because of the limited clearance around the pump/seal, flat cable is used from the motor to the tubing above the pump. At this point, it is spliced with a less expensive round cable that runs all the way to the mouth. The cable may have a metal sheath to protect it from damage.
The design of ESP systems requires a comprehensive and thorough analysis in order to simultaneously solve a number of specific problems of their application. The design requires information on well inflow (flow curve (FC) or well productivity curve (PCS)), data on well fluids (oil rate, water-oil ratio, gas-liquid ratio), pipe data (depths and dimensions of tubing and casing pipes) , temperature (downhole and wellhead), and pressure at the wellhead. Proper design and selection of equipment also requires information on solids, solid deposits, asphaltenes, corrosive liquids, corrosive gases, etc.
Wellhead equipment requires the installation of a power transformer and control panel, as well as an air-cooled electrical junction box. If a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) is required, then an additional step-up transformer is needed in the circuit upstream of the cable entry at the wellhead. The tubing head is designed to hold the tubing string and insulate the electrical cable. This insulator is typically capable of withstanding a pressure of at least 3000 psi. The control panel is usually equipped with an ammeter, fuses, lightning protection and a shutdown system. It has other devices such as high and low current switch and alarm. It allows you to operate the well continuously, intermittently or completely stop production.
It provides protection against voltage peaks or imbalances that may occur in the power supply. Transformers, as a rule, are located on the edge of the cluster base. The incoming electrical voltage is transformed into the voltage required to operate the motor at the expected load and to compensate for losses in the cable. Higher voltage (lower current) reduces downhole wireline losses, but other factors should be considered (Farm Pump Handbook, 2006). ESPs dramatically lose performance when a significant percentage of gas enters the pump.
The threshold level for the onset of a gas problem is generally assumed to be 10% gas by volume at the pump inlet at pump inlet pressure. Due to the fact that the pumps have a high - up to 4000 rpm (67 Hz) - speed and small clearances, they are not resistant to solids, such as sand. Oil well ESPs are available for casing diameters from 4 1/2 to 9 5/8 inches. Larger casing pumps are available, but are used primarily in water wells. For a given casing size, larger diameter equipment is usually the better choice. Equipment with a larger diameter is shorter, both the motor and pumps are more efficient, and the motors are easier to cool. They create quiet, compact wellhead equipment.
ESP Benefits
Due to the minimum requirements for wellhead equipment, ESPs may be in demand for space-limited applications, such as offshore installations, if lifting costs are not a limiting factor. They are also used in fields where there is no gas available for gas lift systems. ESPs are one of the most high volume methods of mechanized operation. ESPs have an advantage over other high volume methods as they can create higher drawdowns and improve reservoir productivity where gas interference and sand production problems can be addressed. The diameter of the casing string is also not important in order to be able to pump out such large volumes.
As waterflooding increases, it becomes traditional to pump out several thousand barrels of fluid per day in the process of improving the efficiency of reservoir displacement. This system can be easily automated and can be pumped intermittently or continuously, but continuous pumping is preferred for longevity. For shallow wells, capital costs are relatively low.
Disadvantages of ESP
There are several disadvantages of ESP. The main problem is the limited service life. The pump as such is of the high speed centrifugal type, which can be damaged by abrasives, solids or debris. The formation of scale or mineral deposits may interfere with the operation of the electric centrifugal pump. The economic efficiency of the ESP depends to a large extent on the cost of electricity. This is especially critical in remote regions. The system does not have wide operational flexibility. All major components are located in the bottomhole zone of the well, so when a problem arises or a component needs to be replaced, the entire system has to be removed.
If a high percentage of gas is present, steps are taken to separate it and return it back to the casing before it reaches the pump. Sucking in large volumes of free gas can cause erratic operation and lead to mechanical wear and possible overheating. In offshore installations where the use of a packer is required by regulation, all gas is pumped out with the liquid. In these special conditions, special pumps are used, in which it is possible to create a primary head at the pump intake.
Authors: James F. Lee, Kerr McGee Professor of Petroleum Engineering, School of Petroleum Geology and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma;
and Said Mohtab, Natural Gas Research Project Advisor, Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Technology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.
The ESP plant is a complex technical system and, despite the well-known principle of operation of a centrifugal pump, it is a combination of elements that are original in design. The schematic diagram of the ESP is shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 - Schematic diagram of the ESP
The installation consists of two parts: ground and submersible. The surface part includes an autotransformer 1, a control station 2, sometimes a cable drum 3 and wellhead equipment 4. The submersible part includes a tubing string 5, on which the submersible unit is lowered into the well, an armored three-core electric cable 6, through which the supply voltage is supplied to the submersible electric motor and which is attached to the tubing string with special clamps 7. The submersible unit consists of a multi-stage centrifugal pump 8, equipped with a receiving screen 9 and a check valve 10. Often, the submersible installation kit includes a drain valve 11, through which the liquid is drained from the tubing when the installation is lifted. In the lower part, the pump is articulated with a hydraulic protection unit (protector) 12, which, in turn, is articulated with a submersible motor 13. In the lower part, the motor 13 has a compensator 14.
1) A submersible centrifugal pump (Figure 1.2) is structurally a set of stages of small diameter, consisting, in turn, of impellers and guide vanes placed in the pump housing (pipe).
Figure 1.2 - Scheme of a centrifugal electric pump
Impellers made of cast iron, bronze or plastic materials are mounted on the pump shaft with a slip fit using a special key. The upper part of the impeller assembly (pump shaft) has a support foot (sliding bearing) fixed in the pump casing. Each impeller rests on the end surface of the guide vane. The lower end of the pump has a bearing assembly consisting of angular contact bearings. The bearing assembly is isolated from the pumped liquid and in some designs the pump shaft is sealed with a special stuffing box. The submersible centrifugal pump is made in the form of separate sections with a large number steps in each section (up to 120), which allows you to assemble the pump with the required pressure. The domestic industry produces pumps of conventional and wear-resistant design. Wear-resistant pumps are designed for pumping liquids from wells with a certain amount of mechanical impurities (indicated in the pump certificate). Each submersible centrifugal pump has its own code, which reflects the diameter of the column, flow and pressure. For example, the ETSN6-500-750 pump is an electric centrifugal pump for casing strings with a diameter of 6, with an optimal supply of 500 m 3 / day at a head of 750 m.
The principle of operation of the pump can be represented as follows: the liquid sucked through the intake filter enters the blades of a rotating impeller, under the influence of which it acquires speed and pressure. To convert kinetic energy into pressure energy, the fluid leaving the impeller is directed to fixed channels of variable cross section of the working apparatus connected to the pump housing, then the liquid, leaving the working apparatus, enters the impeller of the next stage and the cycle repeats. Centrifugal pumps are designed for high shaft speeds.
All types of ESPs have a passport performance characteristic (Figure 1.3) in the form of dependency curves (pressure, flow), (efficiency, flow), (power consumption, flow). The dependence of the pressure on the flow is the main characteristic of the pump.
Figure 1.3 - Typical characteristics of a submersible centrifugal pump
- 2) Submersible electric motor (SEM) - a motor of a special design and is an asynchronous two-pole AC motor with a squirrel-cage rotor. The motor is filled with low-viscosity oil, which performs the function of lubricating the rotor bearings and removing heat to the walls of the motor housing, which is washed by the flow of well products. The upper end of the motor shaft is suspended on the sliding heel. Sectional motor rotor; sections are assembled on the motor shaft, made of transformer iron plates and have grooves into which aluminum rods are inserted, shorted on both sides of the section with conductive rings. Between the sections, the shaft rests on bearings. Along the entire length, the motor shaft has a hole for oil circulation inside the motor, which is also carried out through the stator groove. There is an oil filter at the bottom of the engine. The stator sections are separated by non-magnetic packages, in which thrust radial bearings are located. The lower end of the shaft is also fixed in the bearing. The length and diameter of the engine determine its power. The rotation speed of the SEM shaft depends on the frequency of the current; at 50 Hz AC, the synchronous speed is 3000 rpm. Submersible motors are marked with power (in kW) and outer diameter of the body (mm), for example, PED 65-117 - a submersible motor with a power of 65 kW and an outer diameter of 117 mm. The required power of the electric motor depends on the flow and pressure of the submersible centrifugal pump and can reach hundreds of kW.
- 3) The hydraulic protection unit is located between the pump and the motor and is designed to protect the electric motor from ingress of pumped products and lubrication of the pump angular contact bearing (if necessary). The main volume of the hydraulic protection unit, formed by an elastic bag, is filled with liquid oil. Through the check valve, the outer surface of the bag perceives the pressure of the well production at the depth of the descent of the submersible unit. Thus, inside an elastic bag filled with liquid oil, the pressure is equal to the immersion pressure. To create excess pressure inside this bag, there is an impeller on the tread shaft. Liquid oil through a system of channels under excess pressure enters the internal cavity of the electric motor, which prevents the penetration of well products into the electric motor.
- 4) The compensator is designed to compensate for the volume of oil inside the engine when changing temperature regime electric motor (heating and cooling) and is an elastic bag filled with liquid oil and located in the housing. The body of the compensator has holes communicating the outer surface of the bag with the well. The inner cavity of the bag is connected with the electric motor, and the outer one - with the well. When the oil is cooled, its volume decreases, and the well fluid through the holes in the compensator body enters the gap between the outer surface of the bag and the inner wall of the compensator body, thereby creating conditions for the complete filling of the internal cavity of the submersible motor with oil. When the oil in the electric motor is heated, its volume increases, and the oil flows into the internal cavity of the compensator bag; in this case, the downhole fluid from the gap between the outer surface of the bag and the inner surface of the body is squeezed out through the holes into the well. All housings of the elements of the submersible unit are interconnected by flanges with studs. The shafts of the submersible pump, the hydraulic protection unit and the submersible electric motor are interconnected by splined couplings. Thus, the ESP submersible unit is a complex of complex electrical, mechanical and hydraulic devices of high reliability, which requires highly qualified personnel.
- 5) The check valve is located in the pump head and is designed to prevent liquid from draining through the pump from the tubing string when the submersible unit stops. Stops of the submersible unit occur for many reasons: a power outage in case of an accident on the power line; shutdown due to operation of the SEM protection; shutdown during periodic operation, etc. When the submersible unit is stopped (power-off), the liquid column from the tubing begins to flow through the pump into the well, spinning the pump shaft (and hence the shaft of the submersible motor) in the opposite direction. If the power supply is restored during this period, the motor starts to rotate in the forward direction, overcoming the enormous force. The starting current of the SEM at this moment may exceed the permissible limits, and if the protection does not work, the electric motor fails. To prevent this phenomenon and reduce downtime of the well, the submersible pump is equipped with a check valve. On the other hand, the presence of a check valve when lifting the submersible unit does not allow liquid to drain from the tubing string. The installation is lifted when the tubing string is filled with well products, which spill out at the wellhead, creating extremely difficult working conditions for the underground repair team and violating all conditions for ensuring life safety, fire and environmental protection, which is unacceptable. Therefore, the submersible pump is equipped with a drain valve. well spatial equipment
- 6) The drain valve is placed in a special coupling that connects the tubing pipes, and is usually a bronze tube, one end of which is sealed, and the other, open end, is threaded into the coupling from the inside. The drain valve is located horizontally with respect to the vertical tubing string. If it is necessary to lift the unit from the well, a small load is dropped into the tubing string, which breaks off the bronze tube of the drain valve, and the fluid from the tubing is drained into the annulus during lifting.
- 6) The electrical cable is designed to supply voltage to the terminals of the submersible motor. The cable is three-core, with rubber or polyethylene insulation and is covered with metal armor on top. The surface armoring of the cable is carried out by a galvanized steel profiled tape, which prevents current-carrying conductors from mechanical damage during the descent and ascent of the installation. Round and flat cables are available. The flat cable has smaller radial dimensions. The cables are encrypted as follows: KRBK, KRBP - cable with rubber insulation, armored, round; cable with rubber insulation, armored, flat. Copper conductors, with different cross-sections. The cable is attached to the tubing string in two places: above the sleeve and below the sleeve. At present, cables with polyethylene insulation are predominantly used.
- 7) The autotransformer is designed to increase the voltage applied to the submersible motor terminals. The mains voltage is 380 V, and the operating voltage of the electric motors, depending on the power, varies from 400 V to 2000 V. Using an autotransformer, the voltage of the 380 V field network is increased to the operating voltage of each specific submersible electric motor, taking into account voltage losses in the supply cable. The size of the autotransformer corresponds to the power of the submersible motor used.
- 8) The control station is designed to control the operation and protect the ESP and can operate in manual and automatic modes. The station is equipped with the necessary control and measuring systems, automatic devices, all kinds of relays (maximum, minimum, intermediate, time relays, etc.). In the event of emergency situations, the corresponding protection systems are triggered, and the unit is turned off. The control station is made in a metal box, can be installed outdoors, but is often placed in a special booth.
