The order of the parts of speech in an English sentence. Construction of narrative sentences

In Russian, we can build a sentence however we want. We can say: “I bought a dress yesterday”, or “I bought a dress yesterday”, or “I bought a dress yesterday”, etc.

AT English language word order in a sentence is fixed. This means that we cannot rearrange the words as we like. They must stay in their designated places.

It is difficult for beginners to learn English to understand and get used to this.

Therefore, many often build English sentences using the word order as in Russian. Because of this, it is difficult for the interlocutor to understand the idea that you want to convey.

In this article, I will explain to you how to build sentences in English correctly, so that you can compose them competently, and any foreigner can easily understand you.

From the article you will learn:

What is a fixed word order in a sentence?

Offer- a combination of words that expresses a complete thought.

As I said, in Russian we can rearrange the words in a sentence the way we want.

For example:

We'll go to the cinema.

We'll go to the cinema.

Let's go to the cinema.

As you can see, we can rearrange the words in a sentence, and this will not prevent the other person from understanding the idea that we want to convey to him.

In English, word order is fixed.

Fixed- fixed in a certain position.

This means that the words in the sentence have their places and cannot be rearranged.

Correctly:

We will go to the cinema.
We'll go to the cinema.

Not right:

To the cinema we will go.

Esl and the word order in the English sentence is wrong, then it will be difficult for the interlocutor to understand what idea you want to convey to him.

Let's take a closer look at how to correctly build all kinds of sentences in English.

Attention: Confused in English rules? Find out how easy it is to understand English grammar.

Word order in an affirmative English sentence

affirmative sentences- This proposals where we affirm some idea. Such sentences do not contain negation and do not imply an answer.

We can claim that something:

• Happening in the present (We are building a house)
• Will happen in the future (We will build a house)
• Happened in the past (We built a house)

In English, affirmative sentences use direct word order.

The direct word order is that the 1st and 2nd places in a sentence are always occupied by certain words.

Let's take a closer look at this scheme for constructing affirmative sentences.

1st place - main character

Actor (subject)- the person/thing that performs the action in the sentence.

It could be:

• The object or person itself: mother (mother), Mary (Mary), cup (cup), chairs (chairs), etc.
• A word that replaces an object or person (pronoun): I (I), you (you), we (we), they (they), he (he), she (she), it (it)

For example:

Tom...
Volume....

She….
She is....

2nd place - action

action (predicate)- shows what happened, is happening or will happen.

That is, the action itself (verb) can stand:

1. In the present tense: study (study), work (work), sleep (sleep), eat (eat)

2. Past tense, which is formed with:

• adding the ending -ed to regular verbs: studied (studied), worked (worked)
• 2nd / 3rd forms of irregular verbs: slept / slept (slept), ate / eaten (ate)

Whether the verb is correct or incorrect, we can look in the dictionary.

3. In the future tense, which is usually formed using the auxiliary verb will: will study (I will study), will work (I will work), will sleep (I will sleep).

For example:

We travel.
We are travelling.

Tom left.
Tom is gone.

She will work.
She will work

Important nuance

One worth remembering important nuance. In Russian there are sentences in which we omit the action.

For example:

She is a teacher.

Children in the park.

Tom is smart.

In English sentences, the action must always be present, we cannot omit it. This is very common mistake among students.

In such cases, we use verb to be. This is a special kind of verb that we use when we say that someone:

• Is somewhere (Children in the park)
• Is someone (She's a teacher)
• Is somehow (Tom smart)

Depending on the time in which we use this verb, it changes its form:

• Present tense - am, are, is
• Past tense - was, were
• In the future tense - will be

For example:

She is a doctor.
She is a doctor. (literally: She is a doctor)

Children are smart.
Children are smart. (literally: Children are smart)

I am at home.
I'm at home. (literally: I am at home)

Read more about the verb to be in each tense in the following articles:

• Verb to be in present tense
• Verb to be in past tense

So, direct word order means that certain words are in the 1st and 2nd places.

Let's see what it looks like again.

1 place	2nd place	3rd place
Actor	Action or verb to be	Other members of the proposal
I	work	here
my sister	lived	in New York
A cat	is	gray
They	were	at school

Now let's look at how to build negative sentences.

Word order in a negative English sentence

Negative sentences- when we deny something. That is, we say that something:

• Doesn't happen (She doesn't work)
• Didn't happen (She didn't work)
• Won't happen (She won't work)

In Russian, to form a negation, we put the particle "not" before the action: not I come not I will read, not bought.

In English, to form a negation, we use the particle "not" and an auxiliary verb. See how this changes our word order:

Let's take a look at this diagram in detail.

1st place - character

Negative sentences also use direct word order, so the protagonist comes first.

2nd place - auxiliary verb + not

Auxiliary verbs- these are words that are not translated, but only serve as pointers.

They help us determine:

• Time of what is happening (present, future, past);
• Quantity actors(many or one).

Read more about auxiliary verbs in this article.

Each tense in English has its own auxiliary verb (do/does, have/has, did, had, will). Let's look at the auxiliary verbs of the three most used tenses.

1. Present simple tense (Present Simple Tense):

• does, when we talk about someone in the singular (he, she, it)
• do, for all other cases (me, you, we, they)

2. Past Simple Tense: did

3. Future Simple Tense: will

To show negation, we add the particle not to our auxiliary verb or the verb to be: does not, do not, did not, will not.

3rd place - action

After the auxiliary verb with the particle not, we put an action, which is now negative.

For example:

He does not work.
He does not work.

They will not buy.
They won't buy.

Remember: When we say that we did not do something in the past and use the auxiliary verb did, we no longer put the action itself in the past tense.

Since the auxiliary verb already shows us that it happened in the past.

Not right:

We didn't work ed.
We didn't work.

Correctly:

We didn't work.
We didn't work.

So let's take another look at the construction of a negative sentence.

1 place	2nd place	3rd place	4th place
Actor	Auxiliary verb + not	Action	Other members of the proposal
I	do not	work	here
my sister	does not	study	study
People	will not	buy	a car
They	did not	build	the house

Negative sentences with the verb to be

If the sentence uses the verb to be, then we simply put not after it.

Let's look at the plate.

1 place	2nd place	3rd place	4th place
Actor	verb to be	Particle not	Other members of the proposal
I	am	not	a doctor
They	were	not	at home
A cat	is	not	gray

Now let's look at the last type of sentence - questions.

Word order in an interrogative English sentence

Interrogative sentences These are sentences that express a question and suggest an answer to it. For example: Do you work?

In Russian, affirmative and interrogative sentences differ only:

• intonation (in speech)
• sign "?" at the end of a sentence (in writing)

In English, a statement and a question look different. Unlike statements, interrogative sentences have reverse word order.

The reverse word order means that the main character will not be in the first place.

Let's take a closer look at how to construct such sentences.

1st place - auxiliary verb

To make a sentence interrogative, you need to put an auxiliary verb in the first place in the sentence. I talked about them Auxiliary verb

Actor Action Other members of the proposal Does she work here? Did they study English? Will you buy a car?

Interrogative sentences with the verb to be

If the sentence uses the verb to be instead of the usual action, then we simply transfer it to the first place in the sentence.

Let's look at the diagram:

1 place	2nd place	4th place
verb to be	Actor	Other members of the proposal
Is	she	a doctor?
Are	they	at home?
was	a cat	grey?

Exception:

When we build a question with the verb to be in the future tense - will be, then we put only will in the first place. And be itself comes after the character.

For example:

Will she be a teacher?
Will she be a teacher?

Will they be at home?
Will she be at home?

So, we examined the word order in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. Now let's practice building such sentences in practice.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. I will go to the store.
2. She is beautiful.
3. We didn't buy a dress.
4. My girlfriend is in the park.
5. Has she read the book?
6. Is the house expensive?

In this article, we will touch on a topic that worries many - how to correctly compose this or that English sentence, or, in other words, which sequence of words to choose in order to get a grammatically correct sentence structure and a beautiful logical and understandable statement for others. Here, first of all, it is worth paying attention to the nature of the sentence in terms of the purpose of the statement, namely, whether it is narrative, interrogative, motivating or exclamatory. Consider certain types such statements.

Word order in narrative statements

Note: for the convenience of perceiving the material in the examples below, the members of the sentence will be highlighted in color: the subject is red, the predicate is blue, and the direct object is brown, etc.

In a regular (declarative) sentence subject usually placed immediately before predicate . This kind of sentence structure is called direct word order and is fixed for constructing narrative utterances in English. BUT direct object (if any) follows immediately after the predicate:

John is traveling .	John is traveling.
He is writing an article.	He is writing an article.
The man who stayed at our hotel last night is writing a book.	The man who stayed at our hotel last night is writing a book.

Please note that under the subject there is not just a single word, but sometimes a whole phrase or construction containing an infinitive or a subordinate clause.

A strong wish to stay was following me.	A strong desire to stay haunted me.
Reading at least one book a week keeps your mind fit.	Reading at least one book a week keeps the mind in shape.
The woman who lives next door has phoned you.	The woman who lives next door called you.

If the sentence contains some other parts of it - an indirect object, circumstances expressed by adverbs or certain phrases - then these members of the sentence usually also occupy certain places in the statement.

Position indirect object in an English sentence . indirect addition follows direct complement , if it is preceded by a preposition (for example, the preposition to), and precedes a direct object if there is no preposition.

Jane gave that interesting book to her brother.	Jane gave that interesting book to her brother.
Jane gave her brother an interesting book.	Jane gave her brother an interesting book.

What's the difference, you ask. Take a closer look at the information conveyed by each of the proposals - the most important and new information is transferred to the end of the sentence, that is, for the first statement it was important to whom Jane gave the book, while for the second - what exactly she gave to her brother.

Position of circumstance. Circumstances occur in three different places in the English sentence:

a) before the subject, for example:

Tomorrow I am leaving my native town.	Tomorrow I will leave my hometown.
At the end of the week we go fishing.	At the end of the week we go fishing.
Because of your laziness you have a lot of problems.	Because of your laziness, you have a lot of problems.

Such a position is characteristic mainly for the circumstances of time, place, cause and condition.

b1) after addition, for example:

We play tennis on Saturdays.	We play tennis on Saturdays.
The tourists are leaving our town tomorrow.	Tourists leave our city tomorrow.
Mary told me the truth the day before yesterday.	Mary told me the truth the day before yesterday.

b2) with intransitive verbs immediately after the verb, for example:

I am jogging in the park.	I run in the park.
The petrol cost is increasing rapidly.	The cost of gasoline is rising rapidly.
the sun is shining brightly.	The sun is shining brightly.

Position b1) and b2) is acceptable for almost all types of circumstances, except for those discussed in paragraph c).

c) in the middle of the predicate group, that is, between the auxiliary and the semantic verb. Such a position is typical for circumstances expressed by adverbs denoting the regularity or time of performance (perfection) of an action. Moreover, if the predicate is expressed by only one verb, the position of the adverb is preserved - it will stand in front of the usual semantic verb, but if the verb can act as an auxiliary (and the nominal part of such a predicate is found somewhere nearby), then the adverb will come after it. Examples:

Tom has already seen this film.	Tom has already seen this movie.
Sue doesn't usually help me.	Sue doesn't usually help me.
Helen often visits her granny.	Helen often visits her grandmother.
Jack is often late.	Jack is often late.

The question naturally arises: “What if the sentence should use several circumstances?” To begin with, it should be noted that such situations most often occur with the circumstances of time, place and manner of action (more often with only two types from this list). As a rule, at first it is preferable to use the circumstance course of action , then - places , and only then time . It is easy to remember this combination, because it partly resembles the name of a famous TV show, only in a slightly modified form - “How? Where? When?". In this case, more accurate time parameters are placed before more generalized ones. Examples:

They left their house quickly in the morning.	They left their house hastily in the morning.
Jane met Paul in the street last week.	Jane met Paul on the street last week.
Terry is going to say good bye to all his friends at the station at 6 o'clock tomorrow.	Terry is going to say goodbye to all his friends at the train station at 6 o'clock tomorrow.

However, this rule is more of a recommendation than a mandatory one. In live English speech, circumstances can also be arranged in a different order, since the speaker can have different speech intentions and, using an unusual position of words and phrasal stress, try, for example, to highlight a certain part of the statement. But at the stage of learning English, this order of circumstances should be taken into account in order to avoid further doubts about correct structure suggestions.

Introductory words are placed most often at the beginning of a sentence, expressing the attitude of the author of the statement to the whole sentence, for example:

Perhaps the group has already reached the destination of the trip.	Perhaps the group has already reached the destination of the journey.
Surely the teacher will ask you.	Surely the teacher will ask you.

However, the author of the statement can sometimes put introductory word and in another place, for example, inside a complex predicate, to give special significance and emotional highlighting of any part of the sentence, for example:

For greater clarity, below is proposal construction scheme(narrative) with examples:

Circumstance or introductory word	Subject	Predicate	Addition			Circumstance
			indirect	direct	indirect with preposition	course of action	places	time
	1) We	gave	Jane	her present.
	2) We	gave		this present	to Jane.
	3) We	gave	Jane	her present		with great pleasure.
4) At the party	we	gave	Jane	a present.
5) Surely	we	gave	Jane	apresent			on the stage	at the end of the party.

Translation of the sentences given in the table (to avoid misunderstandings) in order:

1) We gave Jane her present.

2) We gave this present to Jane.

3) We gave Jane her present with great pleasure.

4) At the party we gave Janepresent.

5) Of course we gave Jane a present on stage at the end of the party.

Position of definitions. Where definitions are found: in the subject group, in the complement group, and even in the circumstance group, inside which there is a noun that can be characterized. Definitions can be expressed by various parts of speech, but the most common, of course, is the adjective, which takes a position in front of the noun being defined. And here comes the question: “What if there are several adjectives? In what order should they be placed? . This order and possible examples are presented in the following table:

general characteristics	size data	age parameters	Colour	manufacturer / origin	material	exist- body

Translation of examples:

1) a large old Scottish yacht;

2) a rare old red oriental carpet;

3) a new purple leather jacket.

Using these simple rules will help you build affirmative sentences in English correctly. The above examples are based on simple sentences, but the same word order is preserved in complex sentences and will be correct for both the main and the subordinate clause. Examples:

Jim left the place where he had been living for five years.	Jim left the place where he lived for 5 years.
The poor baby is ill so we need some medicine.	The poor kid is sick, so we need some medicine.

It remains the case for small things - to find out the word order in interrogative, motivating and exclamatory sentences.

Word order in English questions

The question differs from the affirmative sentence by the position of the subject and the predicate, the remaining members of the sentence in the question occupy the same positions as in the affirmative sentence. Compare:

affirmative sentence	interrogative sentence
You can be my friend. / You can be my friend.	Can you be my friend? / Can you be my friend?

If in an affirmative sentence the subject precedes the predicate, then in the question it is inside the “predicate frame”, consisting of at least two elements.

First of all, it should be understood that in English there are five basic types of questions and each has its own word order. But don't give up. In fact, all kinds of questions start from the same kind of structure - general question. Let's start with it:

Word order in a general question. Such a question does not contain an interrogative word and requires an answer: “Yes” or “No”. The first position in such a sentence is occupied by an auxiliary verb, followed by the subject, then by the semantic verb or the nominal part of the predicate and all other members of the sentence. Examples:

Do you like playing golf?	Do you like to play golf?
Has Jane been to Alaska?	Jane was in Alaska?

Word order in a special question is distinguished by the presence question word , which is placed in front of the structure characteristic of the general question. For example:

why do you like traveling?	Why do you love to travel?
When did you go to mexico?	When did you go to Mexico?

Word order in an alternative question exactly the same as in the general question:

Will you join us or Jenny?	Are you joining us or Jenny?
Has Paul been to Montreal or Quebec ?	Was Paul in Montreal or Quebec?

Word order in question to subject is determined by the fact that the interrogative word here is the subject - it comes first and there is no need to use a special auxiliary verb to form a question, unless it is required to build a tense form of the predicate. The question word is immediately followed by the entire predicate:

Who like playing golf?	Who loves to play golf?
Who will help you?	Who will help you?

Word order in a tag question is a simple sequence of an auxiliary verb (with or without negation) and a subject expressed by a personal pronoun, for example:

Paul likes playing computer games, doesn't he?	Paul loves to play computer games, is not it?
Jane won't help you will she?	Jane won't help you, will she?

Below is the structure of questions in English in the format of a simple scheme with examples:

	information that preceded the question (for a separator)	question word	auxiliary	subject	semantic verb	other members of the proposal
general question			1) Do	you	live	in London?
specialist. question		2) how long	have	you	been living	in London?
alternative question			3) Do	you	live	in London or in Edinburgh?
question to subject				4) Who	lives	in London?
chapter. question	5) You live in London		don't	you?

1) Do you live in London?

2) How long have you lived in London?

3) Do you live in London or Edinburgh?

4) Who lives in London?

5) You live in London, don't you?

Word order in imperative sentences

Imperative sentences are characterized by the absence of a subject and the position of the predicate in the imperative mood at the beginning of the sentence. Examples:

take an umbrella!	Take the umbrella!
Don 't tell me this story again!	Don't tell me that story again!

Word order in exclamatory sentences

In addition to the fact that almost any sentence can be made into an exclamatory sentence due to its especially emotional pronunciation, in English there is a special group of sentences that are constantly exclamatory. They start with the words What or How associated with a specific noun or adjective/adverb, respectively. Such sentences are used to express strong emotions, such as admiration, for some reason and after designs with What or how the subject and predicate follow (although sometimes they are omitted). Examples:

What a funny y puppy!	What a funny puppy!
What an awful taste you have!	What terrible taste you have!
how long

Dima behaved well yesterday.

Yesterday Dima behaved well.

Dima behaved well yesterday.

Dima behaved well yesterday.

Dima behaved well yesterday.

Dima behaved well yesterday.

No matter how we say these sentences and in what order we put the words in them, their meaning will not change. With this example, we want to show the difference between the construction of Russian and English sentences. Indeed, it is precisely in the latter that such variations are impossible. All due to the fact that there are no endings in English, and in order not to lose the meaning that the speaker wants to convey, English philologists have established rules for composing sentences in English. They are quite clear and require strict adherence.

Consider the features of constructing affirmative sentences.

We have two spellings. The first option looks like this:

subject-predicate-object-adverb

She doesn't bake herself as a rule. Her boyfriend does it for her.

(She doesn't bake herself. Her boyfriend does)

He likes this book very much.

(He really likes this book.)

They will bring this book tomorrow.

(They will bring this book tomorrow)

The second option is written like this:

circumstance-subject-predicate-object

As a rule she doesn't bake herself. Her boyfriend does it for her.

(As a rule, she does not bake herself. Her boyfriend does it)

Yesterday Kevin met his classmates at the airport.

(Yesterday Kevin met his classmates at the airport.)

If we talk about interrogative sentences, then it is worth noting that they also have character traits writing.

In our article, we will learn how general and special questions are composed.

More about interrogative sentences:
Interrogative sentences in English

We build a general question according to the following scheme:

verb-subject- addition-circumstance

Will she be at the restaurant after 2?

(Will she be at the restaurant after two?)

Did you bring that book to the library?

(Did you bring that book to the library?)

We usually put “question-word” as the first word in interrogative sentences ( who, whom, where, why, what, which, when, whose, how, how much).

In second place we put an auxiliary verb ( am, is, are, does, did, do, will, shall, would, have, has, can, could, must, may, might, ought, need, should.) It is followed by the subject, the semantic verb, and the rest of the words.

How do you feel today?

(How do you feel today?)

How much sugar does she take in her coffee?

(How much sugar does she put in her coffee?)

Here we have given the main schemes for constructing sentences in English. But, there are some exceptions to the rules, and deviations from the given schemes. We invite you to learn about all these features at our school and get detailed information on this topic.

More significant success in building sentences in English will bring you the desire to think in English, and not just translate sentences from Russian. It will also be useful to watch movies or your favorite English series without translation and with subtitles. Firstly, it will bring not only the possibility of learning, but also spending time with pleasure. Secondly, visual memory will fix the text accompaniment of the film, and you can always rewind the film and read unfamiliar phrases or words. The usefulness of American TV series also lies in the fact that they use a significant amount of slang sentences, exclamations and modern expressions, which, of course, you will need for everyday speech.

Our dear students, the entire Native English School team congratulates you on the coming Easter, wishes you sincerity from others, bright smiles, success in work, peace in the family and in the heart! See you! =)

The correct word order in a sentence in English is a painful topic for many, especially those who are just starting to learn the intricacies of translation. foreign language. But be that as it may, the topic must be learned well, since competent speech is an integral part of a pleasant impression of a person. Consider the word order in an English sentence and the features of its construction, as well as give vivid examples for better assimilation of information. Forward for new knowledge!

Before we proceed to the main block of information, we immediately notice that today we will consider the construction rules only standard offers. Today we will not talk about the intricacies of composing complex inversions, exclamations and elliptical constructions, but we will talk exclusively about standard sentences. They are a kind of skeleton, the basis for compiling other types of proposals. So, let's start with the rules for constructing a standard sentence.

The purpose of sentences is to express a complete thought. To achieve this goal, you need to apply the parts of the sentence in the right composition, which allows you to make the thought complete. For a sentence to be logical, it must contain two main components in the form and predicate. In a standard sentence, the subjects come first, then the predicates.

How to determine the subjects? Everything is simple, if you remember that they can be expressed not only by nouns, but also by pronouns. Mother, apple, cat, tail, flower, phone, cake can act as nouns, and I, we, you, they, he, she, it can act as pronouns. The predicates are expressed (to write, to sleep, to enjoy, to read, to bake) and, as we have already said, take the second place in the sentence (subjects are in the first place).

For a better understanding, here are some examples.:

• The bird is singing => The bird is singing.
• The child is smiling => The child is smiling.
• The pear will ripen => The pear will ripen.

On a note! Predicates allow you to understand what is happening, has happened or will happen to an object or object. Moreover, they can consist of two parts - the main and auxiliary verbs. It is the auxiliary verb that allows you to determine the time in which the action takes place, and this, in turn, allows you to correctly translate sentences from one language to another.

In addition to the main members of the proposal, there are also additional, so-called minor members, this includes => additions, definitions,. Additions are of two types - direct and indirect. Their sequence in the sentence - in the first place there is a direct object, and after it - an indirect one.

• They saw a cat with her => They saw a cat with her.
• The grandmother is baking a cake to the children => The grandmother bakes a cake for the children.

When we talk about a definition, we must remember that it stands next to subjects or objects and is used to describe their characteristics. Answers the questions “what?”, “whose?”.

• I look at this marvelous picture => I look at this marvelous picture.
• Her gray rabbit lies on the carpet =>

If we are talking about a circumstance, then the peculiarities of the context should be taken into account, since the circumstance can be placed both at the end and at the beginning of the sentence.

• Her gray rabbit lies on the carpet => Her gray rabbit lies on the carpet.
• Tomorrow she will be listening to the music => Tomorrow she will be listening to music.
• I will come to you the next day => I will come to you the next day.
• Her friend behaves indifferently => Her friend behaves indifferently.

Structure English suggestions

English offers direct and reverse word order. We observe the first option in an affirmative and negative sentence, the second - when you need to make a question.

Reference: sentences in English are different from sentences in Russian. In Russian, we observe a free word order => Galya took ''Gala'', ''Gala'' took Galya, took ''Gala'' Galya. Regardless of the word order in a sentence, the meaning does not change, which cannot be said about the English language => Galya was taking Gala is the only correct translation in English.

Fixed word order in a sentence - a feature of the English language. Here one member of the sentence clearly follows the other. For children, this feature of the English language can be a kind of stick in the wheel, because in the Russian language everything is different.

Remember: English words cannot "jump" from one place to another. The conservatism of word order in a sentence explains the conservatism in the behavior of the English, their tendency to order and patterns.

Word order in an English sentence: affirmation, negation, question

Here the scheme is simple, subject + predicate + object. But! There are cases when a circumstance is taken to the first place as an addition (we have already considered examples). Also note that the main verb can be accompanied by an auxiliary verb. But in this case it is easier than in the case in addition, because the auxiliary verb is constituent part predicate. The result is direct word order. The following table makes it easier to understand the material.

Word order in an affirmative sentence

Circumstance	Subject	Predicate	Addition	Circumstance
Tomorrow	she	will learn	Spanish vocabulary.	———
Tomorrow she will learn Spanish vocabulary.
———	her elder brother	will visit	her	in five weeks.
Her older brother will visit her in five weeks.
next year	I	will come	here again.
AT next year I will come here again.

Note that definitions can be added to subjects.

Word order in a negative sentence

Circumstance	Subject	Auxiliary verb + not	Basic verb	Addition	Circumstance
Last week	he	did not	study	English.
He didn't study English last week.
———	Her little friend	will not	come	to me	several days.
Her little friend won't come to me for a few days.
next month	I	will not	do	my exercises.	————
I won't be doing my exercises next month.

The sentences given are negative, but they also have standard word order. To express negation and make a negative sentence from an affirmative sentence, we use the particle not .

Reference: In sentences of a negative nature, the Auxiliary verb will always be present, since the particle is added to it not. To the main verb particle not cannot adjoin.

Word order in an interrogative sentence

Auxiliary verb always comes first. For comparison: in Russian, we can guess only by intonation that we have been asked a question. In English, there is no need to listen to intonation, because if you have not the offer will be negative in any case.

Reference: the interrogative sentence is characterized by the reverse word order. What does it mean? Subjects and predicates change places. But ... since we have already talked about conservatism, remember that only, that is, only part of the predicate, should be taken out in the first place. Further, the formation of sentences will go in the standard way - theBasic verb should be placed only after Auxiliaryverb.

It is interesting! In interrogative sentences, the circumstance is never put in the first place. It will be at the end of the sentence. Those who build a question with a circumstance at the beginning of an interrogative sentence are making a mistake. Remember this!

Summing up

The construction of sentences in English has its own rules and nuances. First you need to remember that all English sentences have a standard word order. The reverse word order is inherent only in interrogative sentences. In this case, in the first place is not the main verb, but its auxiliary part. The main verb comes only after the subject.

Considerable attention should be paid to additions. If we are talking about circumstances, then they can stand both at the beginning and at the end of sentences. But! If we are talking about questions, then remember that in these cases the circumstance is the last member of the sentence, not the first.

Knowing the word order in an English sentence, you will quickly learn how to correctly compose correct affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. Good luck and patience! Remember: patience, perseverance and hard work are the basis of ideal success! Good luck!

In order to express your thoughts in English, it is not enough just to learn a list of words. These words must be placed correctly in the sentence. It is simply necessary to know the structure of the English sentence, because each member of the sentence has a specific place, and this order cannot be violated. Therefore, let's look at how sentences are built in English in order to avoid misunderstandings and mistakes in speech and writing.

To build a sentence in English, you need to know its members. As in Russian, the English members of the sentence are divided into main and secondary. Let's consider each type separately:

1. The main members of the sentence are the members of the sentence, thanks to which the grammatical center is formed. In simple words, without them the sentence would not make sense. The main members are the subject and the predicate.

• The subject, as a rule, is expressed by a noun or a pronoun. The noun is used in the common case, i.e. in its standard dictionary form in singular and plural:

Note that the article may change to a definite article or not at all, depending on the subject / person implied.

If we talk about pronouns, then personal pronouns in the nominative case are usually used here. Table of all pronouns of this group:

I	I
we	we
you	you you
he	is he
she	she is
it	this is it
they	they

And also some indefinite and negative pronouns, for example:

The subject usually comes at the beginning of the sentence before the predicate.

• The predicate is expressed by the verb. This part of speech is the key when making a sentence in English, because it shows at what time the action happened, is happening or will happen. There can be two verbs in the predicate:
• An auxiliary verb is a verb that is used to express time. As such, it does not have such a meaning in itself and is not translated into Russian in any way. However, his presence is necessary if the temporary form requires it. For example:

• The main or semantic verb is a verb that expresses the action performed by the subject:

1. Secondary members of the sentence - members that explain the main or other minor members. Without them, the sentence will still make sense, since the minor members are not the grammatical center of the sentence. The secondary ones are:

• A definition that answers the question "what?" and "whose?". It can be expressed in almost any part of speech. Consider only the most popular cases:
• Adjectives:

• Communion:

• Participle turnover:

• Numerals:

• Personal pronouns in the objective case:

The definition expressed by the participial turnover usually comes after these members of the sentence:

• Indirect - an addition that answers all other case questions:

• Circumstance denotes place, cause, time, manner of action, and the like. The circumstance is related to the predicate, but it can be used both at the beginning and at the end of the sentence. The first option is perhaps less common. The circumstance most often expressed is:

adverb

or a noun with a preposition:

How sentences are built in English: the structure of an English sentence

Having studied all the members of the sentence, you can proceed to the construction of the sentences themselves in English. Building a sentence in English is quite easy because, as mentioned earlier, it is done in a fixed order. What does this mean? For example, in Russian we can freely change the order of the members of a sentence. The meaning will be preserved, because the sentence will not lose its logic. The English language is stricter. So, if a sentence begins with a subject, it cannot be rearranged with a predicate. An example for clarity:

As you can see, a whole 5 possible variants of expressing the same thought in Russian are opposed by only one phrase in English.

However, it is worth paying attention to the fact that there are 3 types of English sentences, namely affirmative, negative and interrogative. Each has its own version of the construction of the English sentence.

How to build affirmative sentences in English

Making an affirmative sentence requires direct word order. Direct order means that the subject comes first in the sentence, then the predicate, after the object and circumstance. Scheme for clarity:

Sometimes circumstance can start a sentence.

Examples:

• I forgot to do the English exercises. — I forgot to do my English exercises.
• Yesterday I bought a Lego construction set to my nephew. Yesterday I bought my nephew a Lego set.
• We'll go home after training. We will go home after practice.
• He is trying to find this spelling rule. He is trying to find this spelling rule.
• I have no idea how to learn to play the guitar. — I have no idea how to learn to play the guitar.

How negative sentences are built in English

English sentences in negation also have direct word order. The only difference is that to write a negative sentence, you must use the negative particle not (not). Such sentences always have an auxiliary verb, so the particle is placed after it.

Examples:

• I do not know how to draw up a contract. I don't know how to make a contract.
• We don't study at the university. We don't go to university.
• Jane will not be there. Jane won't be there.
• He is not working at the moment. - It's not working at the moment.
• I haven't done sport exercises today yet. I haven't done sports today yet.
• I was not aware of the situation in Paris. I didn't know about the situation in Paris.

How to write a sentence containing a question

Unlike the other two types, interrogative sentences in English must use reverse word order. In the reverse order, the part of the predicate, namely the auxiliary verb, comes first, and after it comes the subject. The semantic verb and the secondary members of the sentence remain in their places. Accordingly, the use of an auxiliary verb in questions is also a necessity. Scheme:

Examples:

• Do you like this album? — Do you like this album?
• Did they go fishing the day before yesterday? Did they go fishing the day before yesterday?
• Have you been to Moscow? - Have you ever been in Moscow?
• Are you listening to me? - You are listening to me?

If sentences contain a question word, it is used at the very beginning:

But in order to make a sentence with a disjunctive question, you will have to deviate from the standard scheme. Such a question is built using an affirmative or negative sentence in the first part and a short question in the second:

That's all. We hope you have learned how to write sentences in English. In fact, English sentences are like a constructor, you just have to pick up its correct parts. To consolidate the material, do exercises on the topic. And most importantly - communicate with native speakers, because no exercises will give you as much knowledge as people who speak this language.