Western Ghats on the map. Western Ghats

Western Ghats (Western Ghāts), Sahyadri, a mountain system that forms the west. edge of the Deccan Plateau (India). Ghats in Sanskrit means "steps". The length from north to south is 1,500 km, from the valley of the river. Tapti to Cape Komorin. They are separated from the ocean by a narrow strip of plains of the Malabar coast. Avg. height 900 m, max. 2698 m (Anaimudi). On S. in ext. The structure is composed of covers of basalts up to 2 km thick; in the south, granites and gneisses. Zap. the slope is high and steep, descending in steps to the coastal plains. Receives 2000-5000 mm of precipitation per year, covered with tropical rainforests. Vost. the slope is more gentle and dry (600–700 mm of precipitation); savannahs are widespread. To the south are the Bandipur and Mudumalai reserves.

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Atlantic Western Languages- see West Atlantic languages.

Eastern Ghats- (Eastern Ghats) - mountains that form the eastern outskirts of the Deccan Plateau, in India. Divided into separate massifs up to 1680 m high. Eastern slopes facing ........
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Ghats- (Ghats) - mountains on the Hindustan Peninsula, in India; see Western, Eastern.
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Western Alps- the highest (up to 4807 m, Mont Blanc) part of the Alps in France, Switzerland, Italy, to the west of the conditional line connecting Lake Constance and Como. Includes Bernese, Glarnian,........
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Western Beskids- part of the northern frame of the Zap. Carpathians in Poland and Slovakia. Length approx. 250 km. Altitude up to 1725 m (Babya). Beech and coniferous forests, subalpine meadows.
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Western Ghats- (Sahyadri) - the western elevated outskirts of the Deccan plateau, in India. Length approx. 1800 km. Altitude 1500-2000 m, maximum 2698 m.
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Western Carpathians- part of the Carpathians in Slovakia, Poland, Hungary. Length approx. 400km. Altitude up to 2655 m (Gerlakhovsky-Shtit in the Tatras).
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Western Romanian Mountains- (Apuseni) (Muntii Apuseni) - part of the Carpathians in the west of Romania. They include Bihor (height up to 1848 m), Metalich and other massifs. Beech, oak and coniferous forests, meadows.
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Northwest Territories- (Northwest Territories) - an administrative-territorial unit in northern Canada. 3380 thousand km2. Population 62 thousand people (1992). Adm. c. - Yellowknife.
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Eastern Ghats- mountains to the east. coast of the Hindustan Peninsula; India. The name of the Ghats (Ghats) is from the Hindi ghati "mountain passage, pass; gorge, valley; slope". Plural form h. (eng. Ghauts) accepted ........
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Western Ghats- mountains, see Eastern Ghats
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Southwestern Islands- see Barat-Daya
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Western Provinces of the Roman Empire in the Second Half of the 1st Century and in the 2nd Century AD— Common features in the development of the provinces. Britannia. Gaul. Spain
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Western Satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire- Traveling in the middle of the 5th century. BC. but to the western outskirts of the Achaemenid state, the "father of history" Herodotus drew attention to the diversity of this territory, to the diversity ........
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The Western Ghats stretch along the coast of the Indian subcontinent from north to south. It is customary to call them a mountain range, but in fact they are not quite ordinary mountains. The folds of the terrain were formed in ancient times when the ancient supercontinent Godwana disintegrated. The ghats are the edge of a huge peninsula that forms the whole. The ridge is separated from the Indian Ocean by a small flat strip.

Location

The title describes very well external features mountains Translated from ancient Sanskrit, the word "gaty" means steps. Mountains, however, are similar to them. The Western and Eastern Ghats are different from each other. The western edge is steep, while the eastern one passes into the plain more smoothly. The northern part of the mountains is represented by monolithic ridges formed by the influx of one plate onto another more than 150 million years ago. The Southern Ghats, called the Malabar Coast, are more like solitary rolling hills.

One of the most popular tourist destinations for which the Western Ghats are famous is Goa. This small Indian state is dotted with riverbeds that flow down from the mountains and carry their waters to the Arabian Gulf. The traveler can easily choose a suitable excursion to the mountains, which will meet his wishes. By the way, rest and accommodation in Goa is considered one of the most economical options. The tourism infrastructure of the region is under development. active development, local business owners have room to grow. But the beautiful nature more than compensates for the shortcomings of the service.

An equally popular place for which many seek to visit the Western Ghats is Mumbai. This ancient city is the second in the world (after the Philippine capital) in terms of population. Here you will find luxurious hotels and restaurants, theaters and museums, colorful antiquities and monuments of modern art.

Unique nature

Biologists call the Western Ghats a unique nature reserve. Several species of animals live here, which are not found anywhere else in the world: lion-tailed macaque, hooded gullman, prickly dormouse, goat tar, and others. Along with them live less rare animals, for example, Indian elephant and baboon. Many tourists go here to admire the population of butterflies. AT last years their numbers have dwindled and were once among the largest in the world. Total rare species animals living in the Ghats exceeded 3 hundreds.

Diverse and vegetable world. calling card India is tea. The country ranks second in the world (after China) in its harvesting. Most of the harvest is obtained on the terraces of the Gat Mountains. Organized by the East India Company at the end of the century before last. When the British colonialists left Hindustan, the plantations were preserved and have been diligently cultivated ever since.

The local population has been engaged in agriculture. Many crops brought by Europeans in colonial times are grown here.

Man-made and natural attractions

Think about your itinerary before heading to the Western Ghats. Fans of the animal world will be interested in visiting unique nature reserves: Mudumalai, Bandipur, Nilgiri. Worthy of attention is the luxurious rose garden in Udhagamandalam. National parks Eravikulam, Karimpuzha, Mukurthi and Silent Valley are cool on a hot day and will help you learn more about unique nature ghats mountains.

There is something to see and lovers of antiquities. Particularly interesting in this regard is the city of Palakkad. Going to it, visit the ancient fort, the Jain temple, the Brahmin monastery.

• Mount Ana Moody is the highest point in India south of the Himalayas. Its name is translated from Sanskrit as "elephant's head". In shape, it resembles the forehead of an elephant.
• Yakshagana is a traditional art in these parts. This is a dance with a story, which is performed only by men.
• In the Botanical Garden, you can admire a petrified tree that is 20 million years old.
• On the terraces of the Western Ghats, unique tea trees grow from the bushes.
• And the most important thing is the following. The Western Ghats is a unique place where there is no concept of "holiday season". Nature is kind here all year round and you can go on a trip at any time.

The mountains are covered monsoon forests. There are also tea and coffee plantations on the slopes of the mountains.

The Eastern Ghats join the Western Ghats in the south at the Nilgiri Mountains.

Eastern Ghats
Hindi
Characteristics
Square	262,673 km²
Length	1131 km
Width	1053 km
Highest point
highest peak	Devodi Munda
Highest point	1680 m
Location
15°47′ N. sh. 80°00′ E d.
The country
Regions	Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Eastern Ghats

Notes

1. Geographical Encyclopedic Dictionary: Geographical Names / Ed. A. F. Treshnikova. - 2nd ed., add. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989. - S. 113. - 210,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-057-6.
2. Eastern Ghats // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / otv. ed. A. M. Komkov. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Nedra, 1986. - S. 126.
3. Eastern Ghats // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
4. Eastern Ghats

Aerides curly

Aerides curly (lat. Aërides crispa) is a species from the genus Aerides (Aërides) of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae).

Ghats (disambiguation)

The Gathas are part of the Avesta

Eastern Ghats - a mountain system on the east coast of Hindustan

Western Ghats - a mountain system on the western coast of Hindustan

Geography of India

India is located in South Asia, mostly on the Hindustan Peninsula. The coast of India, which is more than 7 thousand km long, is washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean - the Bay of Bengal from the southeast and the Arabian Sea from the southwest. The territory of India is 3 million 288 thousand km², according to this indicator, the country ranks seventh in the world.

India is located north of the equator between 6°44" and 35°30" north latitude and 68°7" and 97°25" east longitude.

Mountain forest belt

Mountain forest belt - natural altitudinal belt dominated by forest landscapes.

Mountain forests - forests located within mountain systems and individual mountain ranges with fluctuations in relative elevations of more than 100 m and an average surface slope from the foot to the top of mountain ranges or to the border of treeless spaces of more than 5 °, regardless of the fact that individual sections of the slope can have a steepness of less than 5 °, as well as forests on mountain plateaus and plateaus, regardless of the slope of the terrain. The forests of the plateaus, however, are not subject to altitudinal-zonal patterns, but to latitudinal-zonal ones, therefore their assignment to mountain forests is debatable. The mountain-forest belt reaches its greatest development in equatorial latitudes. The mountain-forest belt is distributed mainly in the mountains of sufficiently humid regions, but is also noted in the mountains of arid regions, where it often does not form a continuous band, but is found in combination with meadows and steppes (mountain forest-steppe).

The mountain-forest belt is often divided into a number of sub-belts, which differ in the properties of the forests that compose them. The presence of specific subbelts depends on

continental climate and

other factors, including human activities.

Deccan (plateau)

Deccan, or Deccan Plateau (Hindi दक्खिन, Dakkhin; English Deccan Plateau, from Sanskrit दक्षिण dakshina - “southern”) is a plateau in India on the Hindustan peninsula. It is located in the inner part of the peninsula, bounded from the north by the Narmada River, from the south by the Kaveri River. It occupies an area of ​​about 1 million km². The surface is mainly inclined to the east, and therefore most of the rivers flow to the east and flow into the Bay of Bengal.

To the north of the plateau is the Indo-Gangetic plain. Along the western edge of the plateau are the Western Ghats, which in the southern part fence off the Malabar coast, and along the eastern edge - the Eastern Ghats, which fence off the Coromandel coast from the plateau, respectively.

Jackfruit

Jackfruit, or eve, or Indian breadfruit (lat. Artocarpus heterophyllus), is a woody plant, a species of the genus Artocarpus (Artocarpus) of the Mulberry family, a close relative of breadfruit.

Dravidians

Dravidians are peoples who inhabit mainly South India (only Brahui remained in Pakistan) and speak Dravidian languages. Anthropologically, the Dravidians are so different from the rest of the population of India that many researchers distinguish them into a separate race - Dravidian, or South Indian - apparently the result of a mixture of the Indo-Mediterranean and Vedoid races.

The Dravidian peoples are the main creators of one of the oldest and most developed world civilizations - the civilization of the Indus Valley, or the Harappan civilization, in the culture and mythology of which Dravidian elements are quite clearly traced. It is assumed that at a time when this ancient civilization was already on the decline, as a result of a series of environmental disasters and a wave of Indo-Aryan (racially Caucasian) onslaught, the cities in the Indus basin were destroyed, and indigenous people, in particular the Dravidians, were forced out or migrated to the south of the Hindustan peninsula.

Dravidians include Telugu, or Andhra (44 million people according to an estimate in 1967, currently more than 80 million people), Tamils ​​(~ 70 million people, partly also live on the island of Sri Lanka, in Malaysia, Myanmar and other countries of the South -East Asia), Malayali (more than 35 million people), Kannara (44 million people), Gonds (more than 4 million people), Tulu (about 1 million people), as well as a number of small peoples who largely retained their tribal way of life and live mainly in mountainous and forest areas: oraons, todas, kota, kurumba, badaga, baiga, etc.

The Telugu and Tamil peoples are the creators of the two largest Indian film industries, Tollywood (Telugu language cinema) and Kollywood (Tamil language cinema), currently surpassing Bollywood (Hindi language cinema) in terms of film production.

The South Indian cities of Bangalore and Hyderabad are the largest scientific and industrial centers in India. Hyderabad competes with Bangalore for the right to be called India's Silicon Valley.

Western Ghats

Western Ghats (Hindi पश्चिमी घाट), Sahyadri (Hindi सह्याद्रि) is a mountain range in the west of Hindustan. They run north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, separating this plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. The mountain range begins near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti River, stretches for about 1600 km through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, ending in Kanyakumari, the southern end of Hindustan. About 60% of the Western Ghats are located in Karnataka.

The mountains occupy 60,000 km², the average height is 1200 m, the highest point is Anai Moody (2695 m).

India

India (Hindi भारत Bhārat, English India), official name- The Republic of India (Hindi भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya, English Republic of India) is a state in South Asia. Population - 180,000,000 people (December 22, 2017), territory - 3,287,263 km², for both of these indicators is largest country South Asia. It ranks second in the world in terms of population and seventh in terms of territory. The capital is New Delhi. official languages- Hindi and English.

Federal state, parliamentary republic. The Prime Minister is Narendra Modi and the President is Ram Nath Kovind. It is divided into 29 states and 7 union territories.

India borders Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the northeast, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In addition, India has maritime borders with the Maldives in the southwest, with Sri Lanka in the south and with Indonesia in the southeast. The disputed territory of the state of Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with Afghanistan.

The Indian subcontinent is home to the ancient Indus civilization. For most of its history, India has been the center of important trade routes and has been renowned for its riches and high culture. Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism originated in India. In the first millennium of our era, Christianity and Islam also came to the Indian subcontinent, which had a significant impact on the development of the diverse culture of the region. In the XVIII - the first half of the XX century, India was gradually colonized by the British Empire. In 1947, after many years of struggle, the country gained independence. By the end of the 20th century, India achieved great success in economic and military development, the country's economy became one of the fastest growing in the world. Despite this, a significant part of the population continues to live below the poverty line. High levels of corruption and a backward healthcare system are also pressing problems.

India is a potential superpower nuclear weapons. She is included in international organizations like the UN, the G20, the WTO, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, as well as the BRICS and the SCO.

Hindustan

Hindustan (Hindi हिन्दुस्तान Hindustān, Urdu ہندوستان‎ Hindostān from Persian Hindū‎ - Indus + -stān) is a peninsula in southern Asia. Area approx. 2 million km². The northern boundary is conventionally drawn from the Indus Delta to the Ganges Delta. Sometimes all the plateaus and mountains south of the Indo-Gangetic plain are also referred to Hindustan. A significant part of India, part of Pakistan and Bangladesh are located on the peninsula.

From the west it is washed by the waters of the Arabian Sea, from the east - by the Bay of Bengal. To the southeast of the tip of the peninsula is the large island of Sri Lanka. Hindustan is the southern part of the Indian subcontinent located on the Indian tectonic plate.

Along coastline there is a narrow strip of plains. Above them rise the Western and Eastern Ghats, framing the Deccan Plateau. The highest point is Mount Anai-mudi, the height of which is 2698 meters. There are also large deposits hard coal, manganese, iron and copper ores, mica, bauxite and precious stones. The southernmost point of the peninsula is Cape Komorin.

coromandel coast

The Coromandel Coast is the eastern coast of the Hindustan Peninsula south of the Krishna River Delta to Cape Comorin. The coast is washed by the Bay of Bengal of the Indian Ocean, has a length of about 700 km and a width of 80-100 km. It is a strip of hilly plains, in the west passing into the Eastern Ghats.

Along the coast there are large sandy beaches and spits. The coast is low, indented by deltas of several major rivers, including Kaveri, Palar, Penner and Krishna, which form deltas with an area of ​​​​up to 10 thousand km². Rivers originate on the Deccan plateau and, flowing down from the Eastern Ghats, form fertile alluvial plains.

Currently, the Coromandel Coast is located in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, as well as in the union territory of Puducherry. On the coast there are large port cities - Chennai (Madras), Cuddalore, Trankebar (Tarangambadi), Nagapatnam and others.

Western Ghats, Sahyadri, mountain range in India, the western elevated edge of the Hindustan peninsula. Length around 1800 km, height up to 2698 m(city of Anaimudi). The western slope is a steep cliff of the Deccan Plateau, falling in steps to Arabian Sea, eastern - gently sloping plains, falling to the hinterland of the Hindustan Peninsula. Z. G. are divided by transverse tectonic valleys, which serve as communication routes between the Malabar coast and the Deccan plateau. The southern part is composed mainly of gneisses and charnockites, which form separate massifs with sharp, irregular outlines of peaks (Nilgiri, Anaimalay, Palni, Cardamom Mountains); the northern part is dominated by basalts forming flat-topped stepped hills. The climate is subequatorial, monsoonal. The annual amount of precipitation on the windward slopes is from 2 to 5 thousand tons. mm, on leeward - 600-700 mm. On the western slopes below and in the north there are mixed deciduous-evergreen forests, in the south - evergreen moist forests. rainforests(largely reduced); on the eastern slopes - dry savannas with candelabra-like spurges, acacias, deleba palms.

L. I. Kurakova.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia M.: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1969-1978

16°01′ s. sh. 74°11′ E d. /  16.017° N sh. 74.183° E d. / 16.017; 74.183 Coordinates : The countryIndia 22x20px India

Square187,320 km² Length1222 km Width478 km Highest point2695 m Lua error in Module:Wikidata on line 170: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value).

Geology

The Western Ghats are not a complete mountain range, but a shifted edge of the Deccan Plateau. They probably formed during the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent about 150 million years ago. Geophysicists Barren and Harrison of the University of Miami have argued that the western coast of India formed 100 to 80 million years ago after breaking off from Madagascar. Shortly after breaking off, the peninsular region of the Indian Plateau drifted through the area of ​​present-day Réunion (21°06′ S, 55°31′ E). During large eruptions, the Deccan Plateau formed - a wide basalt layer in central India. These volcanic processes led to the formation of the northern third of the Western Ghats, their domed outlines. The underlying rocks were formed over 200 million years ago. They can be seen in some places, such as the Nilgiri.

Rivers

The Western Ghats create one of the watersheds of India. They give rise to important rivers of peninsular India flowing west to east into the Bay of Bengal, such as the Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri, and east to west into the Arabian Sea, the Karamana. Reservoirs have been built on many rivers in Maharashtra and Kerala.

Climate

The climate of the Western Ghats is humid and tropical, varying with altitude and distance from the equator. Above 1500 m in the north and over 2000 m in the south, the climate is more temperate.

The average temperature here is +15°C, in some places in winter the temperature drops to 0°C. The coldest periods coincide with the wettest.

The mountains are stopped by the rain-carrying monsoon winds from the west, and therefore receive a lot of precipitation, especially on the western slopes. Dense forests also contribute to rainfall in this area. 3000-4000 mm of precipitation falls annually.

Flora and fauna

There is high biodiversity in the Western Ghats, including endemic species.

More than 130 species of mammals, about 180 species of amphibians, more than 500 species of birds live in the mountains. About a hundred species of fish live in the reservoirs. Of the endemic species, the vanderu, spiny dormouse, Nilgiri tahr, purple frog, South Indian toad and others are known. Interestingly, about 80% of the amphibian species living in the mountain range are not found anywhere else.

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An excerpt characterizing the Western Ghats

Right at the altar, a handsome young knight tried to crush the skull of an elderly man... The man did not die, his skull did not give in. The young knight calmly and methodically continued to beat until the man finally last time did not twitch and did not calm down - his thick skull, unable to stand it, split ...
The young mother, terrified, held out the child in a prayer - in a second, two even halves remained in her hands ...
A little curly-haired girl, crying with fright, gave the knight her doll - her most precious treasure ... The head of the doll flew off easily, and after it the head of the hostess rolled like a ball on the floor ...
Unable to bear it any longer, sobbing bitterly, I collapsed on my knees... Were these PEOPLE?! HOW could one call a person who did such evil?!
I did not want to watch it any further!.. I had no more strength left... But the North ruthlessly continued to show some cities with churches blazing in them... These cities were completely empty, not counting the thousands of corpses thrown right on streets, and overflowing rivers of human blood, drowning in which the wolves feasted ... Horror and pain fettered me, not allowing me to breathe even for a minute. Don't let me move...

How should the “people” who gave such orders feel? I don't think they felt anything at all, for black were their ugly, callous souls.

Suddenly I saw a very beautiful castle, the walls of which were damaged in places by catapults, but basically the castle remained intact. The entire courtyard was littered with the bodies of people drowning in pools of their own and other people's blood. Everyone's throat was slit...
– This is Lavaur, Isidora... A very beautiful and rich city. Its walls were the most protected. But the leader of the Crusaders, Simon de Montfort, who had gone berserk from unsuccessful attempts, called for help all the rabble he could find, and... 15,000 "soldiers of Christ" who had come to the call attacked the fortress... Unable to withstand the onslaught, Lavur fell. All the inhabitants, including 400 (!!!) Perfects, 42 troubadours and 80 defending knights, fell brutally at the hands of the "holy" executioners. Here, in the courtyard, you see only the knights who defended the city, and also those who held weapons in their hands. The rest (except for the burned Qatars) were slaughtered and simply left to rot in the streets... In the city basement, the killers found 500 hidden women and children - they were brutally killed right there... without going outside...
Some people brought into the courtyard of the castle, chained, pretty, well-dressed young woman. Around began drunken whooping and laughter. The woman was roughly grabbed by the shoulders and thrown into the well. Deaf, plaintive groans and cries were immediately heard from the depths. They continued until the crusaders, by order of the leader, filled the well with stones...
– It was Lady Giralda... The owner of the castle and this city... Without exception, all subjects loved her very much. She was soft and kind... And she carried her first unborn baby under her heart. - Sever finished hard.
Then he looked at me, and apparently immediately realized that I simply had no more strength left ...
The horror ended immediately.
Sever sympathetically approached me, and, seeing that I was still trembling violently, gently laid his hand on my head. He stroked my long hair softly whispering words of comfort. And I gradually began to come to life, coming to my senses after a terrible, inhuman shock ... A swarm of unasked questions was intrusively swirling in my tired head. But all these questions now seemed empty and irrelevant. Therefore, I preferred to wait what the North would say.
– Forgive me for the pain, Isidora, but I wanted to show you the truth... So that you would understand the burden of Katar... So that you would not think that they easily lost the Perfect...
“I still don’t get it, Sever! Just as I couldn't understand your truth... Why didn't the Perfect Ones fight for their lives?! Why didn't they use what they knew? After all, almost every one of them could exterminate an entire army with just one movement! .. Why was it necessary to surrender?
“I guess that was what I talked to you about so often, my friend… They just weren't ready.
“Not ready for what?!” I exploded out of old habit. Are you ready to save your life? Not ready to save other suffering people?! But all this is so erroneous!.. It is not true!!!
“They weren’t warriors like you are, Isidora. Sever spoke softly. – They did not kill, believing that the world should be different. Considering that they could teach people to change... Teach Understanding and Love, teach Goodness. They hoped to give people Knowledge... but not everyone, unfortunately, needed it. You are correct in saying that the Cathars were strong. Yes, they were perfect Mages and wielded great power. But they did not want to fight with FORCE, preferring to fight with the WORD over strength. That is what destroyed them, Isidora. That's why I'm telling you, my friend, they weren't ready. And to be extremely precise, it was the world that was not ready for them. The earth, at that time, respected precisely force. And the Cathars carried Love, Light and Knowledge. And they came too early. People weren't ready for them...