359. Landing- the transfer of tactical airborne troops by air behind enemy lines to carry out a combat mission. It includes the take-off of helicopters with an amphibious assault, the formation of the combat order of a part (subdivisions) of helicopters, a combat flight and an amphibious landing.
At the set time, the battalion (company) occupies the indicated initial area for landing. The commanders of the subdivisions are refining the calculations for landing, checking the readiness of the subdivisions for landing (loading) into helicopters.
With the arrival of helicopters, the landing commander, together with the commander of the helicopter unit (subdivision), refines the plan for loading military equipment and landing personnel, landing sites in the main and alternate landing areas, the procedure for interaction between helicopter and motorized rifle units in flight and during landing.
360. Loading of weapons, military equipment and other materiel into helicopters begins at the set time (at the command of the senior commander using the landing force), is carried out by loading teams of units under the leadership of helicopter commanders. The landing of personnel in helicopters is carried out immediately before takeoff and must be completed before the engines are started. Anti-aircraft units carry out the landing of personnel last. The landing time is specified by the landing commander after receiving an order to start landing.
Readiness for landing is determined by the completion of the loading of weapons and military equipment into helicopters, the setting of combat missions for units. By this time, the personnel should be in close proximity to the helicopters in readiness for landing.
361. Landing begins at the command of the commander using the landing. Responsibility for the landing of tactical airborne troops at a precisely set time and in a designated area (on an object) lies with the commander of a unit (subunit) of helicopters.
The formation of the combat formation of helicopters is carried out as they take off and ends with the approach of the head unit of the column of the main forces to the starting line (point).
The commander of the landing in flight is on the helicopter of the commander of the helicopter unit, the commanders of the landing units are on the helicopters of the commanders of units (detachments). The commander of the helicopter unit (subunit) informs the commander of the landing force about the situation in the landing area, changes in the flight route and the procedure for entering the landing sites, as well as about helicopters that have received damage and stopped flying.
362. As the helicopters of the forward group approach the landing site, the enemy is destroyed and suppressed by fire from the onboard armament of helicopters and small arms, after which the advance group disembarks. Supervises the disembarkation and unloading from the helicopter on-board technician.
The forward group, disembarking from helicopters, deploys into battle formation, completes the destruction of the enemy on the landing sites (site) and in the areas adjacent to them, takes possession of the designated line, consolidates on it and ensures the landing of the main landing forces.
An anti-aircraft subunit operating in the forward group, after landing, takes up firing positions near the landing site in the direction of advance of the main landing forces and is prepared to fire at enemy air targets.
After disembarking, the engineer-sapper unit conducts reconnaissance of mine-explosive and other obstacles at the landing sites, clears them or marks obstacles and local objects that interfere with the landing of helicopters.
The reconnaissance (combat reconnaissance) patrol (patrol squad), after landing, conducts reconnaissance in the direction of the upcoming landing operations, advances to the captured line (object) and specifies the composition and position of the enemy. The department (calculation) of radiation, chemical reconnaissance or a specially trained department conducts radiation and chemical reconnaissance.
After the advance group has landed, combat and assault helicopters support the battle of the advance group and cover the landing of the main forces, as well as strike at the enemy approaching the landing area. The forward group commander informs the landing commander of updated data on the terrain in the landing area, landing sites and the nature of enemy actions in the landing area, and, if possible, in the area of the captured (destroyed) line (object).
In the event of a sharp change in the situation in the main landing area, failure of the main landing sites, the landing commander decides to land on alternate landing sites on his own, and in the alternate landing area - after the decision is approved by the commander using the landing. Based on the results of the battle of the advance group and on the basis of data received from reconnaissance agencies, the commander, if necessary, specifies the order of landing of the main forces and the tasks of the elements of the battle order (subunits).
363. The main forces of the landing force land in the landing area under the cover of air strikes, combat helicopters and supporting artillery fire. After landing, the landing units take their initial position (concentrate in the assembly area), take up battle order and proceed to the combat mission. The landing commander takes over the control of the attached (supporting) army aviation.
The landing commander clarifies on the ground or sets new tasks for subunits, coordinates their actions and manages them during
accomplishment of the combat mission.
Artillery subunits (subunits), after landing, take up firing positions on the landing site and fire at observed targets in the direction of operations of the landing units.
The anti-aircraft unit during the course of operations covers the combat formations of the landing force from enemy air strikes.
The combined-arms reserve, after landing, is assembled in the area assigned to it in readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks.
Combat helicopters, and after the landing, transport and combat helicopters support air combat and prevent the approach of enemy reserves.
The advancement of landing units to the line (object) subject to capture (destruction, incapacitation) is carried out quickly, usually in pre-combat order under the cover of security.
When meeting with the enemy during the advancement of the landing force, without getting involved in a protracted battle, they bypass the centers of resistance, by fire, and, if necessary, by a decisive attack, part of the forces destroy small groups of the enemy.
The results of the landing and data on the situation in the landing area, and the course of action, in addition, and on the implementation of the immediate, future tasks and on abrupt changes situations are immediately reported to the senior commander and based on them are specified combat missions subordinates.
The brigade commander begins to manage the landing operations after the landing commander reports on the landing, the state of the units and the enemy.
364. Upon reaching the designated object, the landing force deploys on the move into battle formation and swiftly attacks it in the flank and rear, destroys manpower, firepower (puts the object out of action) and quickly goes to a new object or to a specified area (point).
When fixed on a captured line, landing units go over to defense based on holding important areas of the terrain and rapid maneuver of forces and means. The defense area (stronghold) is being prepared for all-round defense.
365. When destroying (putting out of action) means of using nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, ground elements of reconnaissance and strike systems, command posts and other enemy objects, landing units covertly advance into the area of \u200b\u200btheir location, attack and destroy the enemy covering these objects, render him unusable launchers(guns), rockets (shells), controls and other important elements of the object. Means of nuclear and chemical attack during their movement are destroyed by fire and a decisive attack or sudden actions from fire ambushes.
When capturing enemy nuclear mines installed in wells, the landing force destroys the enemy in the area of the possible location of the wells, occupies the designated line and ensures the actions of engineering and sapper units designed to neutralize nuclear mines.
366. When a road junction is disabled, bridges, viaducts, overpasses and road junctions are destroyed, the roadbed is rendered unusable in places where, due to local conditions, it is impossible to equip bypass roads in a short time.
When a railway junction (station) is captured, first of all, input and output switches, signaling and automatic blocking means, power supply and communication lines are disabled (undermined, destroyed). The military echelons located at the station, as a rule, are blocked and destroyed by fire and a decisive attack.
367. When control posts are destroyed, the main forces of the landing force land directly on the object or near it, and part of the forces - on probable evacuation routes for elements of the control post or the approach of enemy reserves. The main landing forces attack the enemy from different directions, concentrating their main efforts on capturing the operational part of the command post, documents of the combat command and control group and headquarters. At the same time, the work of communication centers, radio transmitting and receiving centers (points), and means of automating command and control of troops and weapons is disrupted.
Objects in motion are destroyed by ambush actions or air assault actions. Personnel and controls are destroyed, and documents are captured.
368. Carrying out the task of capturing hydraulic structures, bridges, crossing facilities, or areas convenient for forcing, the landing force, after landing, rapidly advances to the designated object, attacks on the move from different directions on one or both banks, captures these objects and, moving to all-round defense, holds them up to the approach of his troops.
To ensure the operations of the amphibious assault, a tactical airborne assault force after landing can capture and hold by stubborn defense a section of the coastal strip intended for an amphibious assault, prevent the enemy reserves from approaching it, destroy batteries of coastal artillery and other fire weapons that impede the landing amphibious assault, as well as command posts, communication centers and other facilities. The landing of tactical airborne troops is carried out immediately before the approach of landing ships with amphibious assault units to the coast. Landing operations are supported by fire from fire support ships and air strikes.
369. To capture a pass, tactical airborne troops land directly on it or on sites (platform) near the pass, seize the command heights adjacent to it, then go to the flank and rear of the enemy defending the pass, and destroy it. To capture a mountain pass (valley), the landing force, as a rule, lands on the dominant heights, blocks and destroys the enemy.
370. As the subunits advancing from the front reach the contact line, the landing commander establishes contact with them, specifies the location of the rendezvous points, the procedure for passing subunits through the combat formations of the landing subunits, and further joint actions.
With the artillery fire support reaching the line, the commanders of the supporting artillery units get in touch with the commander (artillery spotter) of the landing force and begin to perform tasks in the interests of the landing force. In this case, the command of the landing force can be transferred to the commander of the brigade entering the landing area, and the landing force becomes an element of its battle order.
Upon reaching the rendezvous points, the subunits of the troops entering the area of operations of the landing, designate themselves with established signals. The commanders of the landing units inform the commanders of these units of information about the enemy, the position of the landing units, specify the procedure for passing through the combat formations of the landing and joint actions (replacing the landing units).
After connecting with the forward units of the brigades, the landing units can act jointly with them or concentrate in the indicated area in readiness for further actions.
Upon receipt of a combat mission for re-landing, the subunits begin its preparation. In this case, measures are taken in the battalion (company) to restore the combat capability of the units.
371. Airborne evacuation can be carried out by helicopters directly from the destroyed object or from the assembly area after the completion of the combat mission (evacuation). The landing force advances to the evacuation area in pre-combat order; guard or cover units are deployed at the dominant heights and possible enemy advance routes. First of all, the loading and landing of mortar and artillery units is carried out.
The actions of the landing force and helicopters during the evacuation are led by the commander of the landing force.
372. With the completion of the combat mission, the landing force goes to the designated assembly area (point), connects with the part of the battalion (company) that did not land, is placed at the disposal of its commander, and measures are taken to restore combat capability.
373. The subunits assigned to the tactical airborne assault are provided with missiles, ammunition, food, personal protective equipment and other materiel for the entire duration of operations behind enemy lines (combat mission).
Replenishment of stocks of ammunition and other materiel in the course of operations can be carried out by subunits army aviation, while return flights carry out the evacuation of the wounded and sick, as well as the use of weapons, ammunition and other materiel captured from the enemy.
Chapter Seven
ACTIONS OF THE BATTALION (COMPANIES)
Descent to the ground with the help of SUR
The descent of rescuers to the ground with the help of the SUR is carried out under the guidance of a flight engineer in the following order:
The flight mechanic opens the door, prepares the winch, commands the rescuer to land;
The rescuer puts on a backpack, fastens to the safety system, sits on the threshold of the door, fastens his safety harness to the winch cable carabiner and removes the insurance;
The flight mechanic turns the winch boom outward, while the rescuer turns to face the helicopter. In order to prevent rocking and rotation, you need to hold on to the body of the helicopter;
During the descent, the main attention should be paid to the landing site. The first to touch the surface of the earth is a cable, which is designed to remove the static charge of electricity from the helicopter body;
After landing, the rescuer organizes, if necessary, a self-belay, unfastens the carabiner and gives a command to the flight engineer to raise the cable. In this case, it is necessary to exclude cases of rope engagement with stones, stumps, ledges, its falling into a crack.
The descent of rescuers with the help of SUR takes quite a long time, to speed up this process, rescuers can land on the main rope, using special braking devices.
The descent on the rope occurs in the following order:
- after the helicopter has hovered at the required height, the flight mechanic or the head of the rescuers attaches the main rope to the winch carabiner, opens the door and drops the rope down. The lower end of the rope should touch the ground;
- the rescuer who carries out the landing, at the command of the flight mechanic, puts on a backpack, fastens to the helicopter's safety system, sits on the threshold of the door, puts on mittens, puts the rope into the braking device and lifts it up to the hitch assembly;
- the safety system of the rescuer, who has prepared for landing, unhooks the next rescuer and insures himself with it;
- at the command of the flight engineer, the rescuer slowly loads the rope, leaves the helicopter, turning to face him. The descent should be smooth, without jerking and rocking;
- after landing, the rescuer releases the rope from the braking devices and gives a sign about the end of the descent.
The sequence described must be followed by every rescuer. Upon completion of the landing, the flight mechanic releases the rope and throws it down.
Persons who are full-time employees of the air base who have reached the age of 18, recognized by the medical commission as fit for health reasons to perform parachute jumps or descents with a descender, who have passed parachute tests to the qualification commission of the air base, are allowed to perform training parachute jumps and descents with a descender. or landing training and safety precautions for parachute jumps or descents with a descender and passed medical. control before jumps and descents. Air bases are allowed to train employees of other enterprises and organizations to perform descents from helicopters, subject to compliance with all other requirements provided for in this Manual.
During the period of preparation for training jumps and descents, the material part of parachutes or descenders, the rules for their operation and storage, the theoretical issues of parachute jumps and the technique of descent with a descender, possible malfunctions in the operation of the parachute and descender, technical rules safety during parachute jumps and descents with a descender, as well as the element of a jump or descent was worked out on ground-based projectiles.
Persons who have undergone preliminary training on the parachute towing system (SPB) according to the established program are allowed to training parachute jumps "Lesnik-2". The decision on the need and number of towing climbs for each skydiver is made by the training leader on an individual basis.
By order of the air base, employees of forest aviation bases are appointed as leaders of air training in parachute jumps, descents with a descender, who have a valid certificate of a paratrooper (paratrooper) instructor - a first or second class firefighter and an admission to independently conduct air training, which is issued by order at the air base, on the proposal of the leading specialist of the air base for parachute operations.
Admission to the performance of training jumps and descents during the initial training of paratroopers and paratroopers is made by order of the air base.
Admission to air training for parachute fire and airborne fire teams before the start of the fire season is carried out in accordance with the order for the air base and the training plan (Appendix N 2), approved by the head of the local air base.
Air training of ATC and DPK employees is carried out in accordance with the program approved by the Central Air Base, according to the plan approved by the head of the local air base, and is carried out by the head of air training.
In accordance with the AIR training plan, on the eve of jumps or descents, the instructor staff draws up planned tables (Appendix N 3), which are approved by the head of the air training.
The air training program for paratroopers-firefighters should provide for practicing the accuracy of landing a paratrooper, opening a reserve parachute and splashing down, and paratroopers-firefighters - the correct exit from a helicopter, smooth descent at an acceptable speed, entry into tree crowns, landing and uncoupling.
Before performing each jump, descent of the air training program for the entire group of trainees, the training leader performs a demonstration parachute jump or descent with a descender.
Note: At the direction of the head of air training, demonstration jumps and descents can be performed by experienced instructors who have a valid certificate.
In case of operational necessity, it is allowed to transfer paratroopers (paratroopers) - firefighters to another type of parachute (descent device) after they perform two jumps (descents) to the airfield or a site suitable for these purposes. This transition is allowed if the paratrooper (paratrooper)-firefighter previously had permission to perform jumps (descents) with this type of parachute (descent device). In the case of the transfer of paratroopers (paratroopers) - firefighters to parachutes (descenders), to work with which they are allowed for the first time, it is necessary to conduct air training in full and, as a rule, in the preparatory period.
During breaks in jumps and descents during the fire season for more than 30 days, employees of the parachute and airborne fire service, as well as officials with the qualifications of a paratrooper (paratrooper-fireman), are provided with 2 control and test jumps or descents.
Control and test jumps or descents during the fire season are carried out under the guidance of a senior official qualified as a paratrooper (paratrooper)-firefighter instructor, who determines a specific task for each jump or descent.
When performing training parachute jumps by paratroopers-firefighters, descents with a trigger device by paratroopers-firefighters and paratroopers-firefighters at the operational aviation department (during long breaks, etc.), the basis for admission to jumps, descents is the permission of the chief specialist in paratrooper operations and the task issued by the pilot-observer of the operational aviation department.
At the disposal of the head of training jumps, descents from a helicopter are allocated vehicles, technical property and a doctor on duty (paramedic).
During the period of air training, in order to ensure control over the implementation of exercises and compliance with safety precautions for parachute jumps, descents with a descender, for each day of jumps, descents from among the instructors are assigned:
start attendant;
releasing paratroopers-firefighters from the aircraft;
landing site attendant
releasing from a helicopter.
The appointment of responsible persons is made by the head of the air training and is formalized by his order. The release officer during descents from the simulator tower and helicopter is appointed by order of the air base.
The duties of the responsible persons are defined in Appendix N 1.
PPC employees who have undergone air training from An-26, An-24, Il-14 aircraft are allowed to perform industrial parachute jumps from An-2 aircraft without additional training.
Training parachute jumps in winter are allowed to be performed at a temperature not lower than -20 ° C, and in the regions of the North, Siberia and Far East- not lower than -30 °C.
Skydiving "Lesnik-2" in winter is allowed to be performed at a temperature not lower than -25 ° C, while laying the parachute is carried out in a heated room.
It is PROHIBITED to land firefighter paratroopers with the "Lesnik-2" parachute with other types of parachutes in one pass.
Training descents with a descender are allowed to be performed at a temperature not lower than -25 °C.
Parachuting and descending with a descender in winter are performed in warm and loose clothing.
Training jumps and descents summer time are performed in serviceable and fitted clothing:
Cotton work suit, tarpaulin boots, hard helmet, gloves.
Requirements for the equipment of aircraft for training jumps and helicopters for descents, the procedure for training and examining paratroopers or paratroopers before boarding an aircraft and their placement in it, the work of the releaser, the given signals for a jump or descent are carried out in the manner established for performing production jumps or descents.
ground training
The performance of parachute jumps and descents from a helicopter must be preceded by a thorough and comprehensive training of a paratrooper-firefighter and paratrooper-firefighter on the ground, working out all the elements of a jump or descent, studying various techniques and training in their implementation.
Ground training sessions must be conducted in accordance with the training programs and prior to any skydiving or helicopter descent assignment.
Airbase officials with instructor qualifications are allowed to conduct classes.
Preparing for skydiving
When ground working out the elements of the jump Special attention refers to:
Class starting position on the plane in front of the office;
separation from the aircraft;
Opening of the reserve parachute;
Orientation in the air and drift detection;
Parachute canopy control;
Preparation for landing, landing and extinguishing the parachute canopy.
For ground training, each operational aviation department, which has parachute fire teams (groups), must be equipped with a paratrooper sports camp with the presence of shells listed in Appendix No. 5.
At the air base and at the operational aviation departments, where paratroopers (paratroopers)-firefighters are trained, a paratrooper sports camp is being equipped, in accordance with Appendix 5.
Helicopter preparation
During ground testing of descent elements, special attention is paid to:
Proper mounting of the brake block on the cord in accordance with the weight of the descender;
The correct engagement of the suspension carabiner for the brake block;
Approach to the door (hatch);
Exit from the door (hatch);
Hanging and preparation for descent;
Maintaining a uniform speed of not more than 3 m / s;
Decreasing speed in front of the ground;
Landing;
Uncoupling the carabiner of the brake block suspension;
Removing the brake block from the cord;
Loading order.
All elements of the descent are worked out from simulator towers.
Simulator towers must be built according to approved standard designs and have a technical passport.
A newly built or adapted simulator tower is accepted by a commission appointed by order of the head of the air base, consisting of: the head of the operational aviation department - the chairman of the commission, two experienced instructors, an air base safety engineer or a public safety inspector of this aviation department (air link).
Every year, before the start of the fire season, simulator towers are inspected by commissions appointed by order of the head of this operational aviation department.
The results of the examination of the commission are recorded in the technical passport.
The head of the training is appointed by order of the head of the air base. The appointment of responsible duty officers is made out by order of the head of the training. The preparation of the documentation necessary for the training is carried out in the same way as with the descents from a helicopter.
Before performing training descents from a helicopter, those descending and releasing undergo ground training directly on the helicopter. Purpose of ground helicopter training:
Make sure that stable two-way communication over the STC between the issuer and the crew commander is working;
Working out clear commands between the issuer and the crew commander during the production of descents;
Working out signals between the issuing and descending;
Testing the attachment of the cord carabiner to the earring (to the bracket of the attachment point for the SU-R device, hereinafter referred to as UZK);
Testing the attachment of the suspension carabiner for the brake block;
Exit, ready and hovering on the trigger device;
Working out the interactions of the releasing and descending when the latter hangs;
Practicing correct landing and uncoupling;
Development of technology for lowering cargo.
Note: The release officer from the simulator tower is appointed from among the pilot-observers or APS instructors admitted to work by the issuing order of the training leader.
Landing is carried out next. ways:
parachute (no sites required, but training of troops is required; a warhead or weapons can be thrown out)
boarding
combined (requires a platform; one part is performed by paratroopers, the other part is landing)
27. The content of the combat order for the conduct of hostilities by the air unit.
In the combat order, strictly according to the following points, it is indicated:
Brief conclusions from the assessment of the enemy, the grouping and nature of the actions of the ground forces, the grouping and nature of the actions of enemy aviation and air defense in the air regiment's operational zone. The conclusions from the assessment of the situation are the basis for making a decision on military operations.
The task of the regiment, which is taken from the combat order of the senior commander.
The task of the neighbors, the procedure for the use of forces and means by the senior commander in the interests of the action of the unit, the procedure for interacting with them and neighbors.
The concept of hostilities, which is taken from the decision and stated after the word "decided"
After the word "I order" it is indicated: to whom, in what way, etc.
The flight resource, combat voltage, the number of missiles and their distribution by tasks are indicated.
Time and degree of combat readiness for departure.
The order of control (control points, the order of their movement).
28. Purpose and combat missions ia.
AI is one of the main means of combating an air enemy, its main purpose is to defeat enemy air attack weapons in flight in close cooperation with air defense artillery.
AI can be used to destroy enemy ground targets and conduct aerial reconnaissance.
Main tasks:
covering the most important objects, regions of the country, groupings of troops from enemy air attacks and aerial reconnaissance;
destruction of an air enemy in air battles for air supremacy;
ensuring combat operations of units and subunits of other branches of aviation;
destruction of electronic reconnaissance aircraft, air command posts, jamming aircraft;
fight against enemy airborne troops.
29. Basic battle formations. Composition, types and forms b. Orders
The order of battle is the mutual arrangement in the air of crews, subunits, units for the joint performance of combat missions. The order of battle is determined by the commander.
The order of battle should provide:
the best conditions for searching, detecting and attacking a target
the ability to apply maneuver in direction, height and speed
interaction between crews
the least damage from the impact of the enemy
simplicity and reliability of control
comfort and safety of piloting.
Battle formations can be:
closed (a single flight mode and the minimum allowable distance, intervals and excesses are established according to flight safety conditions);
open (there is a single mode of aircraft flight at increased distances, intervals, excesses within visual visibility - 1.5-2 km)
dispersed (a different flight mode can be set, it is performed out of visual visibility between aircraft).
When flying in closed and open combat formations, various forms of combat formations are used: column, bearing, wedge, front and snake.
Making parachute jumps from a Mi-8T (Mi-8MT) helicopter
Landing from a Mi-8 helicopter is allowed with all types of landing and sport parachutes through the cargo hatch at helicopter flight speeds from 140 to 200 km/h with a fall stabilization of 3 seconds or more. The locking of the rings of the stabilizer feathers with the rings of the camera of the stabilizing system is carried out with a SHHB-20 cord in two additions.
The landing equipment of the helicopter includes: seats for paratroopers; two PRP cables stretched along the sides of the cargo compartment; light and sound alarm; fencing of the opening of the cargo hatch with a passage blocked by a sash.
To guide the actions of paratroopers and release them from the helicopter, a release and his assistant are assigned to the ship's group. The issuer in the cargo compartment is located at the front door on the seat located at the cockpit; the assistant's place is on the seat by the railing on the starboard side.
The ship group is formed of 16 people. The landing of the ship group in the helicopter is carried out through the entrance door of the cargo compartment, while the first to enter are the paratroopers placed on the seats of the starboard side, led by the assistant release, they are followed by the paratroopers placed on the seats of the port side, in the order of the jump. The releaser enters the helicopter last (Fig. 8.9).
After the helicopter takes off and climbs to 200 m, the crew commander gives the command "Hook the carbines". The issuer hooks the carbines of the chambers of the parachute stabilizing systems to the PRP cables and fills the slack of the stabilizer feathers under the valves of the knapsacks. Engagement is made by latches of carabiners to the sides of the cargo compartment of the helicopter. Refueling the stabilizer feathers is performed by a paratrooper located on the port side seat at the front door. After that, the issuer reports to the crew commander about the readiness of the ship's group for landing, hooking the carbine of his parachute to the PRP cable on the port side of the helicopter.
The “Ready” command is given by a short beep of a siren and the inclusion of a yellow ceiling lamp. At this command, the paratroopers, placed on the left side seats, get up, go to the middle of the cargo compartment, turn to face the helicopter's cargo hatch and assume a position of full readiness for separation from the helicopter. The release assistant, having risen from his seat, approaches the cargo hatch guard, removes the guard passage flap from the latch, lowers it down and fixes it in the lowered position. Right hand the assistant holds the first paratrooper on the port side until the command “Go”.
The command "Go" is given by a siren's beep for the duration of the landing series and the inclusion of a green ceiling. On this command, the release assistant releases paratroopers located on the port side with an interval of 3-4 seconds (Fig. 8.10). As the paratroopers of the left side leave the helicopter, the issuer approaches the fence.
By this time, the paratroopers, located on the starboard seats, get up from their seats, turn to face the cargo hatch and make their way to the separation from the helicopter. After the exit of all the paratroopers of the left side (except for the release), the assistant of the release leaves the helicopter and, after him, the paratroopers located on the starboard side. Their exit from the helicopter is directed by the releaser, who is the last to jump.
To leave the helicopter, the paratroopers approach the edge of the cargo hatch and with a light push of the foot (Fig. 8.10) separate from the helicopter, grouped face down (Fig. 8.11).
8.2.3. Making parachute jumps from the An-26 aircraft
From the An-26 aircraft, it is allowed to parachute personnel by parachute with parachute systems at flight speeds from 260 to 400 km / h with stabilization of 3 seconds or more. The locking of the rings of the stabilizer feathers with the rings of the camera of the stabilizing system is carried out with the ShKHB-20 cord in one addition.
To ensure the landing of personnel in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, there is a landing equipment:
Seats located on the sides of the cargo compartment of the aircraft;
PRP cables along the sides of the aircraft;
The mechanism for cleaning the pull ropes;
Fencing releasing on the edge of the cargo hatch;
Fence sash;
Extender for issuing;
Light signaling - shades of yellow, green and red;
Sound alarm - siren.
The maximum number of paratroopers placed on the aircraft is 30 people (15 people each along the right and left sides). Landing is carried out in one stream.
To control the preparation for the jump and the release of paratroopers from the aircraft, a releaser and an assistant releaser are appointed. For boarding the aircraft, the ship group is divided into two subgroups (Fig. 8.12). Boarding the aircraft is done through the cargo hatch. The issuer's assistant enters the aircraft first to guide the placement of paratroopers in the cargo compartment, the issuer enters last.
The subgroup placed on the left side seats enters the aircraft first. The paratroopers enter the aircraft in the reverse order of the order in which they jumped, and take their seats starting from the cockpit. The second is a subgroup placed on the starboard seats; the seats are engaged in the same way, starting from the cockpit. The issuer is located on the starboard seat closest to the cargo hatch; assistant - opposite the issuer on the port side seat. After the aircraft takes off at an altitude of 200 m, at the command of the aircraft crew commander, the release and assistant stand up and hook the carabiners of the cameras of the stabilizing systems of the paratroopers onto the PRP cables so that the latches of the carabiners are facing inside the cargo compartment. The issuer engages the carbines of the cameras of the stabilizing systems of paratroopers of the right subgroup, the assistant of the issuer - of the left subgroup. At the end of the engagement, the assistant takes his place, and the issuer checks the correct engagement of the carbines and the filling of the stabilizer feathers under the right valves of the parachute packs. Then he hooks the carbine of the camera of the stabilizing system of the assistant release for the PRP cable, passing along the port side of the aircraft. The assistant hooks on the carbine of the extension cord that releases the ring, fixed on the starboard side of the aircraft at the place of the release.
At the signal “Ready” (a short siren sound and the inclusion of a yellow lampshade), the paratroopers get up, remove the seats, turn towards the cargo hatch, fill the paratroopers in front of the stabilizer feathers under the right valve of the parachute pack and take the ready position to separate from the aircraft. The cargo hatch of the aircraft opens; the starboard paratroopers go to the middle of the cargo compartment, and the paratroopers of the left subgroup are placed along their side, without interfering with the movement of the starboard paratroopers.
At the signal “Go”, the issuer opens the sash of the fence. The starboard paratroopers are the first to leave the aircraft, separating at intervals of 0.6-0.8 seconds. The release of the right subgroup is carried out by the assistant of the issuer; after the separation of the last paratrooper, the assistant himself leaves the plane.
Then the left subgroup is parachuted. The releaser, having finished the release of the paratroopers on the left side, retracts the fence flap and leaves the plane last.
When separating from the aircraft, the parachutist must tilt the body forward, group well, push off from the edge of the cargo hatch with the right or left foot, tighten the legs and take a horizontal position face down in the air stream (Fig. 8-13).
Input-output control tests
Question number 2. What are the requirements for the size of the area for the implementation of descents by parachuteless landing?
Question number 3. Training descents with a descender are allowed to be performed on the site at a wind speed of not more than:
Question number 4. Training descents with a descender in a forest area are allowed to be performed on the site at a wind speed of not more than:
Question number 5. Persons authorized to perform descents are allowed to perform training or educational descents with a descender during a flight shift in the amount of not more than:
Question number 6. Each person descending and releasing when performing descents with a descender must have with him:
Question number 7. Paratroopers trained on one type of helicopter are allowed to descend from other types of helicopters:
Question number 8. The descent of paratroopers and various cargoes using descenders, in the absence of communication between the helicopter commander and the issuers:
Question number 9. Descents into the water are allowed to perform:
Question number 10. Launchings are allowed at any air and water temperature in case of:
Question number 11. In cases where a paratrooper hangs up during descent with a trigger device, he must first of all:
Question number 12. In cases where a paratrooper hangs up during descent with a trigger device, in what way should he report the situation:
Question number 13. In cases where a paratrooper hangs up during descent with a trigger device, by what signal does the paratrooper indicate readiness for evacuation:
Question number 14. In cases where a paratrooper hangs while descending with a trigger device, the helicopter commander makes a decision:
Question number 15. In cases where a paratrooper hangs while descending with a trigger device, when deciding to take the paratrooper to a safe place, the helicopter commander must comply with the following requirements:
Question number 16. The trigger device is:
Question No. 17. In cases of a paratrooper hovering during descent with a trigger device, the helicopter commander, when deciding to lower the paratrooper to the ground by descending the helicopter, releasing notifies the paratrooper about this:
Question number 18. Who decides to cancel an air training session:
Question number 19. The head of air training is obliged:
Question number 20. Who approves the airfield movement scheme?
Question number 21. Which helicopters of the aviation of the internal affairs bodies have a coaxial rotor system?
Question number 22. Length of the fastrope downhill device:
Question #23: A climbing descender is:
Question number 24. Which of the following is not a special case in landing?
Question number 25. Dimensions of the platform during landing by landing method for the Mi-8 helicopter:
Question number 26. Is it allowed to transport troops with weapons and special equipment in combat condition?
Question number 28. The height of the descent from a helicopter with special equipment, weapons (cargo) to an unprepared site using climbing equipment:
Question number 29. The height of the descent from a helicopter with special equipment, weapons (cargo) to an unprepared site using the “fastrope” downhill device:
Question number 30. Approach and departure from helicopters with a tail rotor of the Mi-8, AS-355, R44 type and other aircraft of similar design should be carried out only?
