Article + presentation
2004 standards and GEF second generation
Changes in the content of education and in approaches to teaching
(elementary School)
Tsepeleva Evgeniya Viktorovna
Teacher primary school MBOU "Secondary School No. 61"
Vladivostok
“If we teach today like this,
as we learned yesterday
we will steal from children tomorrow.”
John Dewey
October 6, 2009 in development educational system Russia begins new stage. The essence of this stage is expressed in the reorientation of the education system to new approaches to the design and evaluation of educational results. , which are based on the process of personality development as the goal and meaning of education.
( GEF primary general education approved by order of October 6, 2009 No. 373 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 22, 2009 No. 15785))
What is the difference between the 2004 standard and the second generation GEF?
The fundamental difference between the new standards is that the main goal is not a substantive, but a personal result. The personality of the child is put at the head, and not just a set of information that is mandatory for study.
The federal state educational standard is a combination of three systems of requirements:
Requirements for the result of mastering the main educational program basic general education,
requirements for the structure of the main educational programs (how the school builds its educational activities),
· requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the standard (personnel, finance, material and technical base, information support, etc.).
1. The 2004 Standard describes in detail the content of education - topics, didactic units. In the new standard a general framework has been set for resolving issues related to the education, upbringing and development of schoolchildren, the requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program of basic general education by students are clearly indicated:
· personal
· metasubject
· subject
The main result of education is the mastery of a set of universal educational activities that allow setting and solving the most important life and professional tasks. Universal learning activities- the ability of the subject to self-development and self-improvement through the conscious and active appropriation of new social experience
UUD- a set of ways of action of the student (as well as the skills of educational work associated with them), which ensure the independent assimilation of new knowledge, the formation of skills, including the organization of this process
First of all, the new educational standard was developed depending on the tasks that the student and graduate will face directly in adulthood.
2.
The 2004 standard was based on the selection of a new content of education; there was not a word about education in it.
new standard aimed at reviving educational work.
The new standards contain clearly formulated state and public guidelines for the development of the education system. Main educational goal new standards - formation of an active citizenship in order to strengthen the Russian statehood
. The school should form in its students a sense of civic identity, educate patriots of Russia, form learning motivation, the desire for knowledge, the ability to communicate, a sense of responsibility for their decisions and actions, critical thinking, tolerance and much more.
3.difference standards is the ability to implement it only in cooperation with the family, the media, institutions of culture, religion
, which will allow developing the personality of the student emotional, spiritual, moral, intellectual, socialized, will reveal the talents of children in various areas of life and creativity.
The 2004 standards did not take into account the desires and preferences of the population to receive general education. new standard implies a focus on the desires and needs of students and their parents, implies avoiding the overload of students through a reasonable choice of the necessary subjects, courses and circles.
I would like to draw attention to the fact that the center of gravity of responsibility for the result of education is shifting from the student to the municipality, educational institution and in equally for a family.
The Federal State Educational Standard is based on a system-activity approach that provides
* formation of readiness for self-development and continuous education;
*design and construction of the social environment for the development of students in the education system;
*active educational and cognitive activity of students;
*construction of the educational process, taking into account the individual age, psychological and physiological characteristics of students
I have been working under the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standard for the first year. And, of course, I try to work in a new way. The beginning of the new was laid at the courses on the new standards of PIPKRO. A lot has been read, seen less, but also seen (from colleagues in the school of others, on the Internet ( in Electronic journal External study. RF, social network for teachers, guide to educational institutions, education news,) video tutorials) spurred on to work completely different from the work that I have been doing for the past 28 years. But of course, the main thing is self-education and a great desire to help my children, my students learn. Make process learnability for them more accessible, more understandable. Help them comprehend and design the sequence of work in the lesson on mastering the topic from the goal to the final result; to distinguish the new from the already known and from this to teach to give a name to the lesson; find answers to questions using the textbook, information obtained in the lesson; pronounce the sequence of actions in the lesson; to distinguish between the correct task and the incorrect one. And, of course, teaching project activities. All this became possible during the implementation of the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standard . My activity is also changing - the activity of a teacher working according to the Federal State Educational Standard in comparison with my activity according to the first generation standard.
|
Subject of change |
Traditional activities of a teacher |
The activities of a teacher working according to the Federal State Educational Standard |
|
Preparing for the lesson |
The teacher uses a rigidly structured lesson plan |
The main thing: I (the teacher) give knowledge and organize actions. The teacher uses the scenario plan of the lesson, which gives him freedom in choosing the forms, methods and methods of teaching. |
|
In preparing for the lesson, the teacher uses the textbook and guidelines |
In preparing for the lesson, the teacher uses a textbook and methodological recommendations, Internet resources, and an electronic supplement to the lesson. |
|
|
The main goal of the teacher in the lesson |
To be able to complete everything that is planned |
Organize activities for children:
|
|
Formulation of tasks for students (definition of children's activities) |
Formulations: solve, write down, compare, find, write out, do, etc. |
Formulations: analyze, prove (explain, justify your choice), compare, express with a symbol, create a diagram or model, continue, generalize (draw a conclusion), choose a solution or a solution, explore, evaluate, change, invent, etc. |
|
Lesson Form |
Predominantly frontal |
Frontal, in pairs, group individual |
|
Non-standard lessons |
Project activity lesson |
|
|
Interaction with parents of students |
Occurs in the form of lectures, parents are not included in the educational process |
Awareness of parents of students. They have the opportunity to participate in the educational process. Communication between the teacher and the parents of schoolchildren is carried out using the Internet Mandatory - keeping electronic diaries. |
|
Educational environment |
Created by the teacher. Exhibitions of students' works |
It is created by students (children make educational material, conduct presentations). Zoning of classrooms, halls |
|
Learning Outcomes |
Subject Results |
Not only subject results, but also personal, meta-subject ones; definition of universal learning activities that are formed in the process of studying a specific topic, the entire training course; |
|
No student portfolio |
Building a Study Portfolio student; teacher e-portfolio |
|
|
Main assessment - teacher assessment |
Focus on the self-esteem of the student, the formation of adequate self-esteem |
|
|
Positive assessments of students on the results of examinations are important |
Accounting for the dynamics of children's learning outcomes relative to themselves. Assessment of intermediate learning outcomes The teacher always remembers that the child (student) should feel successful |
In the course of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in the 1st grade, the monitoring system is being built in a new way.
- Subject universal learning activities - underlie the study of the subject itself.
- Metasubject universal actions. Their central component is the formation of the ability of students to work with information (to extract it, analyze, perceive).
- Personal universal educational actions are emotionality and morality in the study of the subject, the development of tolerance, a healthy lifestyle.
In addition to the usual subject tests, I now conduct meta-subject diagnostic work, made up of competency-based tasks that require the student to display not only cognitive, but also regulatory and communicative actions.
Completely new for the mass school is the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard diagnostics of the results of personal
development. The usual form of written control work is now supplemented by such new forms of results control as: purposeful observation (fixation of the actions and qualities shown by the student according to the given parameters), self-assessment of the student according to the accepted forms (for example, a sheet with questions on self-reflection of a specific activity), the results of educational projects, the results of a variety of extracurricular and extracurricular activities, the achievements of students.
The results of the teacher's diagnostics are an integral part of the student's portfolio.
For each student, I filled out an observation map for the process of adaptation of students in my class according to the results:
Starting diagnostics (September), which allows to determine the initial level of formation of students' organizational, intellectual and communicative skills and abilities;
According to the method of E.A. Nezhnova:
- intermediate diagnostics (December), which determines the general educational and organizational skills of students;
His psychological portrait;
The outcome of the monitoring will be
Final diagnostics (May), revealing the formation of universal learning activities of students.
Carried out these diagnostics in order to find out the level of readiness of each child for schooling, his individual characteristics; advised parents; carried out corrective action as necessary.
When analyzing the results of completing tasks, the relationship between the level of formation of universal educational activities (UUD) and the following indicators was taken into account:
Children's health status;
Progress in the main subjects;
The level of development of speech;
Degree of proficiency in Russian;
Ability to listen and hear the teacher, ask questions;
The desire to accept and solve a learning problem;
Communication skills with peers;
The ability to control their actions in the classroom.
When implementing the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standard, I use an unmarked method in my work (without a mark - showing the result of ZAR and ZBR)
Systematic assessment of personal, meta-subject and subject results is implemented within the framework of an accumulative system - a working portfolio.
During the academic year, I conducted a study of the level of mastery of students in my class with universal learning activities (UUD). Special attention was given to the control of learning to read and write, because the children came to grade 1 without any reading and writing skills. All the results of the control of mathematical skills, reading and writing skills are accumulated in the educational portfolio of each student. Showing the result of ZAR and ZPD is brought to the parents and the students themselves, as already mentioned, it is accumulated in the student's portfolio and in the form of statements from the teacher in a special storage folder.
By the end of the academic year, students should achieve certain personal, subject and metasubject results. The final comprehensive work will show what universal learning activities students have mastered by the end of the academic year. This will also be the result of my teacher's work on the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard.
The school ensures the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education: the requirements for the structure of the BEP, for the results of mastering the BEP and for the conditions for the implementation of the BEP. The accumulated experience of integrating basic education, the high level of pedagogical skills allows us to hope for the successful implementation of the federal state educational standard. All this and much more will create conditions for the implementation of GEF IEO. The standards of the new generation should fix not so much the subject content of training as teaching methods. The formation of such relevant cognitive, organizational and communicative competencies directly depends on them.
Documentation:
1. The Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education was approved by Order No. 373 of October 6, 2009 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 22, 2009 No. 15785)
2. The Federal State Educational Standard of basic general education was approved by order of December 17, 2010 No. 1897 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 01, 2011 No. 19644)
3. GEF of secondary (complete) general education - approved by order of May 17, 2012 No. 413 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 07.06. 2012, reg. No. 24480)
Information for parents onthe new Federal State Educational Standards for Primary General Education
(FGOS NOO)
Dear parents!
From September 1, 2011, all educational institutions in Russia are switching to the new Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES IEO).
What is the Federal State Standard of Primary General Education?
Federal state standards are set in Russian Federation in accordance with the requirement of Article 7 of the "Law on Education" and represent "a set of requirements that are mandatory for the implementation of basic educational programs of primary general education (BEP IEO) by educational institutions with state accreditation." The official order on the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO and the text of the Standard can be found on the website of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science:http://www.edu.ru/db-mon/mo/Data/d_09/m373.html . Materials on the GEF IEO are posted on the websitehttp://standart.edu.ru/catalog.aspx?CatalogId=223 .
What are the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO?
The standard puts forward three groups of requirements:
- Requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program of primary general education.
- Requirements for the structure of the basic educational program of primary general education.
- Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the main educational program of primary general education.
What is the distinguishing feature of the new Standard?
A distinctive feature of the new standard is its active nature, which sets the main goal of developing the student's personality. The education system refuses the traditional presentation of learning outcomes in the form of knowledge, skills and abilities, the wording of the standard indicates the real types of activities that the student must master by the end primary education. Requirements for learning outcomes are formulated in the form of personal, meta-subject and subject results.
An integral part of the core of the new standard are universal learning activities (UUD). UUD is understood as “general educational skills”, “general methods of activity”, “above-subject actions”, etc. For UUD, a separate program is provided - the program for the formation of universal educational activities (UUD). All types of UUD are considered in the context of the content of specific academic subjects. The presence of this program in the complex of the Basic Educational Program of Primary General Education sets the activity approach in the educational process elementary school.
An important element in the formation of universal educational activities of students at the stage of primary general education, which ensures its effectiveness, is the orientation of younger students in information and communication technologies (ICT) and the formation of the ability to correctly apply them (ICT competence). The use of modern digital tools and communication environments is indicated as the most natural way to form UUD (the subprogram "Formation of students' ICT competence" is included). The implementation of the program for the formation of UUD in elementary school is the key task of introducing a new educational standard.
What are the requirements for the results of training Xia sets the Standard?
The standard establishes requirements for the results of students who have mastered the basic educational program of primary general education:
- personal, including the readiness and ability of students for self-development, the formation of motivation for learning and cognition, value-semantic attitudes of students, reflecting their individual-personal positions, social competencies, personal qualities; the formation of the foundations of civic identity;
- meta-subject, including the development by students of universal learning activities (cognitive, regulatory and communicative), ensuring the mastery of key competencies that form the basis of the ability to learn, and interdisciplinary concepts.
- subject-based, including the experience, mastered by students in the course of studying the subject area, of activity specific to this subject area in obtaining new knowledge, its transformation and application, as well as the system of fundamental elements of scientific knowledge that underlie the modern scientific picture of the world.
Subject results are grouped by subject areas within which subjects are indicated. They are formulated in terms of "the graduate will learn ...", which is a group of mandatory requirements, and "the graduate will have the opportunity to learn ...". Failure to achieve these requirements by a graduate cannot serve as an obstacle to transferring him to the next level of education.
What is learned using ICT?
A distinctive feature of the beginning of learning is that, along with traditional writing, the child immediately begins to master keyboard typing. Today, many parents who constantly use a computer in professional and personal life understand its capabilities for creating and editing texts, so they should understand the importance of including this component in the educational process on an equal basis with traditional writing.
The study of the surrounding world involves not only the study of textbook materials, but also observations and experiments carried out using digital measuring instruments, a digital microscope, a digital camera and a video camera. Observations and experiments are recorded, their results are summarized and presented in digital form.
The study of art involves the study modern species art along with the traditional. In particular, digital photography, video film, animation.
In the context of the study of all subjects, various sources of information should be widely used, including the accessible Internet.
The project method is widely used in modern schools. ICT tools are the most promising means of implementing project-based teaching methods. There is a cycle of projects, participating in which children get to know each other, exchange information about themselves, about the school, about their interests and hobbies. These are the projects “Me and my name”, “My family”, the joint publication of the ABC and much more. Parents should encourage their children to do this in every possible way.
The integrated approach to learning used to create a new standard involves the active use of knowledge gained in the study of one subject in lessons in other subjects. For example, at the Russian language lesson, work is underway on descriptive texts, the same work continues at the lesson of the world around, for example, in connection with the study of the seasons. The result of this activity is, for example, a video report describing pictures of nature, natural phenomena etc.
What is an information and educational environment?
The requirements for the information and educational environment (IS) are integral part Standard. IS should provide opportunities for informatization of the work of any teacher and student. Through IP, students have controlled access to educational resources and the Internet, they can interact remotely, including after school hours. Parents should see in IS the qualitative results of their children's education and the assessment of the teacher.
What is extracurricular activity, what are its features?
The standard assumes the implementation in an educational institution of both lesson and extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities are organized in the areas of personal development (sports and recreation, spiritual and moral, social, general intellectual, general cultural).
Extracurricular activities may include: doing homework (starting from the second half of the year), individual lessons of a teacher with children who require psychological, pedagogical and correctional support (including individual lessons in the formulation of oral speech, handwriting and writing, etc. ), individual and group consultations (including remote ones) for children of various categories, excursions, circles, sections, round tables, conferences, debates, school scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, search and scientific research, etc.
The time allotted for extracurricular activities is not included in the maximum allowable workload of students. The alternation of classroom and extracurricular activities is determined by the educational institution.
When do educational institutions switch to the new Primary Education Standard?
From September 1, 2011, the introduction of the Standard is mandatory in all educational institutions of the Russian Federation (grade 1).
Hello, friends! Evgenia Klimkovich is in touch! Agree, everything that concerns our children also concerns us. Including how and what they are taught in school. Have you ever heard the abbreviation GEF? I'm sure you had to. Do you know what GEF NOU is? To be honest, until recently, I only knew the decoding. Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education.
I decided to dig deeper and understand what the essence of the standard is. In the process, I learned that it was approved in 2009 and replaced the old educational standard, which is why it is called the “second generation” standard. And since September 2011, according to this standard, schools in the country began to teach children. For five years of application, changes and additions were made to it. And as a result, we have what we have. What exactly?
But this is a difficult question for parents, who for the most part are not certified teachers. There is a lot of information on the Internet. But this information leads to a stupor with phrases like: “Subject results are grouped by subject areas, within which subjects are indicated ...”
One would like to ask: “Is it possible to do something simpler?”
Now I'll try it, it's easier)
Lesson plan:
What is GEF and what is it like?
So my short definition! GEF is the standard!
GOST is also a standard. GOSTs establish certain requirements for products or groups of goods.
And the Federal State Educational Standard sets requirements for education. Moreover, each level of education has its own standard:
- GEF DO - preschool education;
- GEF IEO - primary general education;
- GEF LLC - basic general education;
- GEF SOO - secondary general education;
All must comply with the GEF.
The standards ensure the continuity of the main training programs. That is, preschoolers are ready for learning in the first grade. Primary school graduates are ready for high school. Ninth-graders to further education in the 10th grade, etc.
Standard requirements for primary general education
There are only three items on the list of requirements:
- Requirements for the results of mastering the program by students. That is, children at the end of the fourth grade must show the results determined by the standard.
- Requirements for the structure of the educational program. Apparently, we are talking about who, how and in what ways should teach children so that they achieve the results from point number one.
- Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the educational program. Professional training of teachers, availability of methodological materials, computer equipment of schools, sanitary and hygienic conditions, etc.
Well, now about the first two points in more detail.
Requirements for the results of mastering the educational program
How was it before? At the end of elementary school, the student had to show certain results. These results were a certain set of knowledge and skills in school subjects. If, for example, we take mathematics, then the child had to know the multiplication table and be able to solve problems in three steps.
Now everything is different. The standard took and divided these requirements into three more groups:
- personal results;
- metasubject results;
- subject results.
Personal results
They can be judged by the portrait of an elementary school graduate, which is described in the GEF:
- the student is ready and capable of self-development;
- the student understands why he studies and strives for knowledge, is able to organize his activities;
- the student is friendly, knows how to hear someone else's opinion and express his own;
- the student has developed his own system of values (family, homeland, sports, friendship, etc.), which corresponds to the personal qualities of the child and his individual position;
- the student understands that he is a citizen of his country and a patriot of his homeland.
In the previous standard, there was not a word about this.
Metasubject Results
These results include the mastery of universal educational activities by the student. Or UUD. Remember these three funny letters. They will be discussed below.
Subject Results
School subjects have not been canceled. Mathematics, Russian language, literary reading and other lessons are present in the life of a student. And he has to learn the basics. That is, to get a substantive foundation, a solid support, so that there is something to push off from and “fly up”.
Only the teachers are smarter now. They do not give their knowledge to children ready-made, as before. They teach children to extract, find, process and then apply this knowledge.
Subject results of students are evaluated. I mean, they're rated. The lower limit of subject results is established by the standard. It is expressed in the phrase:
"The graduate will learn..."
Failure to reach this lower limit prevents a child from being promoted to fifth grade. The upper limit of subject results is expressed by the phrase:
“The graduate will have the opportunity to learn…”
That is, if a child wants to know more, then the school has no right to refuse him this.
Requirements for the structure of the educational program
Use your imagination, friends. Now we will present. Imagine an educational program in the form of a kind of solar system, where there is a huge star and planets that revolve around the star.
The big star is UUD. Yes, yes, those same three funny letters! Universal learning activities. In essence, UUD is the ability to learn, obtain the necessary information and apply it. It is impossible to know everything, and it is hardly necessary. The main thing is to know where and how to get information. That is, to put it figuratively, the school does not provide the child with a limited amount of "fish", but gives the child a "fishing rod" and teaches how to use it.
Our "UUDash" star has a complex structure, so I propose to consider it in more detail, but for now let's take care of the planets.
lesson activity
Everything seems to be clear here. This is the activity of students during the lessons. It is aimed at achieving substantive results, which we have already discussed above. Only now, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO, class activities are supplemented by extracurricular activities.
Extracurricular activities
Extracurricular activities are as important part of the structure of the educational program as the lessons. It is aimed at achieving personal and metasubject results.
Extracurricular activities - this is a visit by schoolchildren to institutions of additional education, school sections, and extracurricular activities organized by teachers.
And what is important, the school is interested in what the child does outside its walls. At the beginning of each school year, parents are asked to fill out a questionnaire, where one of the questions is: “What extra classes does the child attend?”
Activity method of teaching
The explanatory method of teaching is a thing of the past. “They chewed it and put it in their mouths” - this is not about a modern school.
Miners in the mines extract coal!
And children in schools acquire knowledge!
They are getting it!
How is it shown? In the active use of design and research activities from the first grade. I don’t understand parents who complain that their children are constantly given some kind of projects. After all, first of all, it is very interesting. And secondly, it's useful. In life, the skill of finding the right information and processing it will definitely come in handy.
Also, often the work on these projects is not carried out individually, but in pairs or even in groups. It is also very useful, because in order to get a result, children first need to figure out who will do what, that is, to agree.
I think it makes learning so much more interesting.
ICT
Information and communication technologies. Nowadays, the school can no longer turn a blind eye to the fact that even first-graders know perfectly well what a computer is, what the Internet is. And so the Federal State Educational Standard determined that students should become competent in this area.
Along with writing at school, they begin to study the computer. Informatics lessons are introduced in schools from the second grade. But it's not just about computers. For example, when studying the surrounding world, such devices as video cameras, microscopes, digital cameras, etc. are used.
In our school, electronic boards are placed in the classrooms of primary classes. And they are actively used in every lesson. If a project is assigned to the house, then based on the results, you need to make a presentation on the computer and then present it to the class using an electronic board.
Electronic diaries. Also new in schools. This is a modern version of the good old paper diaries, which, by the way, have not been canceled yet. In these diaries, you can find not only information about academic performance, but also various messages of an organizational nature. About parent meetings, for example. As well as homework in all subjects.
educational activity
In the previous standard of education, this issue was not considered at all. Teachers, on their own initiative, conducted classes on topics such as: health, active lifestyle, patriotism, etc.
And now it's a must!
What does it look like in practice? In the first grade, my daughter was introduced to the subject "Nutrition Rules". There was even a textbook workbook. The name of the item speaks for itself. Questions about a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition were considered.
And last year the subject of ORC and SE was introduced. Fundamentals of religious culture and secular ethics. This is in order to get to know the culture of your country better, to feel like a part of it.
Here you can also mention the portfolio of the student. This is a student's personal document. It is needed to record his individual achievements. Rigid portfolio requirements this moment does not exist. So you can apply a creative approach to its creation.
So, friends, the school is not what it used to be! In my opinion, learning has become more interesting. Of course, a lot depends on the teacher.
Do you remember your first teacher? I remember. Her name was Elizaveta Khristianovna. Honored teacher of the Komi Republic, super teacher! We went along with her, and once again we were afraid to open our mouths. Of course, she drove knowledge into our heads, for which many thanks to her. But we never dreamed of such lessons as in the video.
That's all) Please share your opinions about what you read in the comments.
I wish you all the very best!
As always, say hello to the kids)
See you on the blog pages!
Municipal budgetary educational institution
“Secondary school No. 1 p.g.t. Aktobe"
Aznakaevsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan
Pedagogical Council
"Key features and differences of federal state educational standards(FSES) from state educational standards (SES) of general education"
Prepared by:
primary school teacher
L.N. Khadeeva
p.g.t. Aktobe
2014 -2015 academic year year
Key features and differences between federal state educational standards (FSES) and state educational standards (SES) of general education
Slide 2. Russia is part of the global space. Recently, the education of Russia has not corresponded to the world fundamental values of education, which were formulated by UNESCO.
Slide 3. UNESCO. UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Currently, 191 states are members of the Organization.
The USSR joined UNESCO on April 21, 1954. Since December 1991, Russia has taken the place of the USSR in UNESCO as a “successor state” The main goal of UNESCO is to promote the strengthening of peace and security by expanding cooperation between peoples in the field of education, science and culture respect, justice, respect for the rule of law and human rights, as well as the fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, for all peoples, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
slide 4.
World Fundamental Values of Education (UNESCO).
Learn to teach yourself in any situation and at any time; learn to work and earn decently; learn to live in a modern, rapidly developing world; learn to live together.
Slide 5. THE SCHOOL OF RUSSIA HAS ALWAYS BEEN FAMOUS FOR QUALITY EDUCATION (the criterion of quality has changed). The Russian school provided fundamental knowledge of various sciences. It has been good for many years. International Olympiads (Now - not only knowledge, but also the ability to apply this knowledge in a changed situation - the last places). (Different subjects, different levels) Socio-economic, scientific, technical, cultural changes taking place in our country inevitably led to changes in education. It is impossible to include in textbooks everything that happens and accumulates at an incredible rate. The whole model of the education system has become obsolete……..
slide 6. The work between the ellipsis should be done by the Federal State Educational Standard of the new generation. The 2nd generation FSES is a fundamentally new document for the national school.
Slide 7.
Innovative standards
1. For the first time, standards are a holistic system of requirements for the entire education system of the country, and not just requirements for the subject content of education
2. For the first time standards are considered as the constitution of school life, determines the way of school life.
3.For the first time, the basis for the implementation of standards in real life is a new organizational and economic model of education.
Slide 8 . 4. Separation in the main educational program (including the curriculum) of two components: the mandatory part and the part formed by the participants in the educational process
5. Organization of extracurricular activities in the areas of personality development (sports and recreation, spiritual and moral, social, general intellectual, general cultural)
6. System-activity approach as a methodological basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education
Slide 9 . 7. Increasing the role of parents (legal representatives) of students in the design and implementation of the main educational program
8. Value-normative basis for the development and implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education - the Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of the Personality of a Russian Citizen
Slide 10 . Innovativeness in the system of evaluating the results of achieving the development of the main educational program.
The system-forming component of the standard was the requirements for the results of mastering the main educational programs. The idea of educational results has changed - the standard focuses the teacher not only on the subject, as it was before, but on the meta-subject and personal results of the child.
slide 11,12 . Differences between the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education and the State Educational Standard of General Education
It is a social contract between the individual, family, society and the state.The set of requirements that are mandatory for the implementation of basic educational programs (BEP)
The totality of three components (federal, regional (national-regional), educational institution), which primarily determines the content of the OEP
Structure of the standard
Requirements for the structure of the OOP;
Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the OOP;
requirements for the results of mastering the OOP
(zT+S)
Mandatory minimum content of OOP;
The maximum amount of teaching load of students;
Requirements for the level of training of graduates
slide 13 . Structure of standards (3T + C)
federal law dated December 1, 2007N309-FZ, a new structure of the state educational standard was approved. Now each standard includes 3 types of requirements:
Requirements (T1) requirements for the structure of the main educational programs, including the requirements for the ratio of parts of the main educational program and their volume, as well as the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in the educational process;
Requirements (T2) requirements for the results of mastering the main educational programs.
Requirements (T3) requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;
The system for evaluating the results of achieving the development of the main educational program (C)
Slide 14 . Differences between the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education and the State Educational Standard of General Education
- obligatory part;The part formed by the participants in the educational process, by which we mean students, teachers of a general educational institution, parents of students.
Federal component;
Regional (national-regional) component;
Educational Institution Component
Slide 15. Extracurricular activities
Extracurricular activities are included in the educational program.
The organization of educational activities of students in the classroom and the creation of an appropriate space for the implementation of the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in practical socially and personally significant activities during extracurricular time should ensure the achievement of the results established by the standard
Separate curricular and extracurricular activities
slide 16. Standardized results
personal;
Metasubject;
subject
Students should know;
Students should be able to;
Students must use in practice and Everyday life*
slide 17. Basis of the standard
System-activity approach
The main directions of modernization of Russian education*
Ability to learn
Formation and development of universal educational activities (for the levels of IEO and LLC, respectively)
Formation, improvement and expansion of general educational skills, skills and methods of activity**
Financing the educational process
Lesson and extracurricular activities (main educational program)
Basic Curriculum
* Determined by the Concept of Modernization of Russian Education for the period up to 2010, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1756-r dated December 29, 2001
**Refers to federal component state educational standard
Slide 18 . New skills In the light of the Second Generation Standards, new procedural skills are laid down in the content of education: to independently engage in their own learning and receive the necessary information from various sources;
work in groups and make decisions; use new information and communication technologies.
In scientific terms, there is a formationUniversal Learning Actions (UCA).
Slide 19 UUD . UUD as generalized actions open to students the possibility of a broad orientation both in various subject areas and in the construction of the educational activity itself. Universal learning activities are of an over-subject, meta-subject nature.
An important element in the formation of universal educational activities of students at the stage of primary general education, which ensures its effectiveness, is the orientation of younger students in information and communication technologies (ICT) and the formation of the ability to correctly apply them (ICT competence). The use of modern digital tools and communication environments is indicated as the most natural way to form UUD, the subprogram "Formation of students' ICT competence" is included. The implementation of the program for the formation of UUD in elementary school is the key task of introducing a new educational standard.
Slide 20 . Educational technologies In this regard, educational technologies are being improved, the development of which takes into account the following trends in the development of education:
from rote learning to learning as a process intellectual development;
from the reproduction of knowledge to their productive use and application, depending on the tasks being solved;
from focusing on the average student to differentiated and individualized learning programs;
from external motivation of teaching to internal moral-volitional regulation.
slide 21 . Lesson The current changes in education have a significant impact on the structure of the lesson. The main difference between a modern lesson, regardless of its type (a lesson to consolidate what has been learned, an integrated lesson, a combined lesson, etc.) is the involvement of students in the process of active joint learning activities in different learning situations, i.e. system-activity approach.
slide 22 . Extracurricular activities Fundamentally new is the inclusion in the mandatory part of the curriculum, which is one of the sections of the main educational program of primary general education - extracurricular activities of students.
In accordance with the Standard, 5 priority areas for the development of the student's personality are identified, according to which extracurricular activities are carried out in elementary school.
slide 23 . This is sports and recreation, spiritual and moral, social, intellectual, general cultural.
slide 24 Extracurricular activities . The content of extracurricular activities should be reflected in the main educational program of the educational institution, in contrast to the content of additional education, which is not included in the main educational program of the educational institution. In each class of the school, an average of up to 10 hours a week is allocated for extracurricular activities. Hours allocated for extracurricular activities are not taken into account when determining the mandatory allowable workload of students. Extracurricular activities can be carried out both in the first half and in the afternoon, as it is an integral part of the entire educational process at school. Extracurricular activities can be conducted by teachers, class teachers, psychologists, teachers of additional education and other pedagogical workers.
(sports and recreation, spiritual and moral, social, general intellectual, general cultural).
Slide 25 . Extracurricular activities Extracurricular activities may include: doing homework (starting from the second half of the year), individual lessons of a teacher with children who require psychological, pedagogical and correctional support (including individual lessons in the formulation of oral speech, handwriting and writing, etc. ), individual and group consultations (including remote ones) for children of various categories, excursions, circles, sections, round tables, conferences, debates, school scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, search and scientific research, etc.
slide 26 . Distinctive feature of the new standard A distinctive feature of the new standard is its active nature, which sets the main goal of developing the student's personality. The education system abandons the traditional presentation of learning outcomes in the form of knowledge, skills and abilities, the wording of the standard indicates the real types of activities that the student must master by the end of primary education. Requirements for learning outcomes are formulated in the form of personal, meta-subject and subject results.
slide 27. CHANGE BASIC MODEL
Slide 28. PURPOSE OF EDUCATION.
Personal Outcome: Personal DevelopmentIn the Standard of the new generation, the content of education is not spelled out in detail, but the requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program of basic general education by students are clearly indicated: personal, meta-subject and subject.
The main result of education is the mastery of a set of universal educational activities that allow setting and solving the most important life and professional tasks.
Slide 29. The purpose of the school.
Equip your child with skills that will help him navigate new situations of his own.
professional, personal and public life, achieving the goal (i.e. equipping with COMPETENCES)
slide30 . I suggest you compare some of the key points of the old and new standards so that you can get an idea of how it was before and how it will be now in the new school.
Slide 32 - 38 (by slides)
slide 39. Methodical literature on FGOST
Slide 40 . Conclusion. So, the second generation GEF is a normative legal act. The standard is intended to play a crucial role in the education of highly moral, creative, competent and successful citizens of Russia. The Standard is based on a system-activity approach aimed at achieving not only subject educational results, but, above all, at shaping the personality of students, mastering by them universal methods of educational activity that ensure success in cognitive activity at all stages of further education.
Slide 41 . Janusz Korczak (Polish educator) wrote: “Respect the ignorance of the child! Respect the work of knowledge! Respect ignorance and tears! Respect the current hour and today! How will a child be able to live tomorrow if we do not let him live a conscious and responsible life today? Let the child learn not because you told him, but because he himself understood; let him not learn science, but invent it. To live is the craft we must teach him.
Slide 42. Thank you for your attention!
Increasingly, it is mentioned in the formation of the Federal State Educational Standard. What are new educational standards and how have they changed the system of national education? We will try to find answers to these important and topical questions.
What are the new educational standards
This abbreviation stands for Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS). Programs, requirements depend not only on the specifics of the academic discipline, but also on the level of education.
Purpose of second generation standards
What is the purpose of the GEF? What is UUD? To begin with, we note that not all developed countries there are uniform educational standards. In the Russian Federation, they are designed to ensure continuity between individual levels of education. After completing one stage, the student must have a certain level of preparation in order to move on to the next educational stage.
The Federal State Educational Standards of general education, intended for pupils with disabilities, are characterized as a system of requirements that are mandatory when implementing an adapted program for children with disabilities.
2nd generation standards requirements
Each class contains certain requirements for the level of education and upbringing according to the standards. GEF implies certain requirements for the structure of programs, the volume of material. They also take into account the conditions for the implementation of educational basic programs, including logistical, financial, and staffing of the process. If the Federal State Educational Standards of the 1st generation were aimed at the assimilation of theoretical material by schoolchildren, then the new standards are intended for the harmonious development of the younger generation.
Components of the new standards
GEF 2nd generation appeared in 2009. They include three main parts.
The first part contains requirements for the results of mastering the educational program by schoolchildren. The emphasis is not on the totality of skills and knowledge, but on universal learning activities that involve the independent acquisition of the necessary information through the use of modern technologies, as well as on communicative qualities.
In addition, the standard indicates the expected learning outcomes for each educational area, describes the qualities that will be formed in schoolchildren: a healthy lifestyle, tolerance, respect for nature, respect for the native land.
The GEF lesson involves elements of project and research activities. The new standards pay special attention to extracurricular activities in the form of creative studios, circles, and clubs. The requirements for the competence and professionalism of the teaching staff of educational institutions are indicated.
The country's development strategy, developed up to 2020, is aimed at forming a competent citizen who is able to be responsible for his actions, ready for self-development and self-improvement.
Specific features of GEF IEO
Let's continue the consideration of the Federal State Educational Standard. What are the new standards for the school, you found out. Now we will reveal their differences from the traditional educational program. The content of the program is not aimed at obtaining knowledge, but at the formation of spirituality, morality, general culture, social and personal development.
Particular attention is paid to the physical development of the younger generation. Requirements for learning outcomes are indicated in the form of subject and personal results, this distinguishes the new standards from the first generation of the Federal State Educational Standard. What is UUD?
The updated standards require increased attention to extracurricular activities. Its organization is carried out in the following areas: social, sports, moral, spiritual, general cultural development.
How is an additional group formed? GEF involves the holding of disputes, conferences, the organization of scientific school societies, competitions, olympiads. The time that, according to the new standards, is allotted for extracurricular activities is not included in the main workload of schoolchildren. The alternation of extracurricular and educational activities is determined by the educational institution, taking into account the wishes of the parents of students.
Distinctive characteristics of the new standard
What are distinctive features GEF? Grade 5 is considered the beginning of the second stage of education, where the main emphasis is on the formation of meta-subject and personal results.
The main goal of the new standard was an activity approach, which is aimed at developing the student's personality. General educational skills are considered the core of the Federal State Educational Standard, therefore, specific learning activities have been developed for each subject.
An important stage in the formation of UUD at the initial stage of education is the orientation of younger students towards mastering communication and information technologies, as well as the competent use of modern ICT tools.
Modern digital tools and communication environments are indicated in the second generation standards as the best option for the formation of UUD. There is a special subprogram aimed at developing information competencies in the younger generation.
Primary education in new realities
The standard implies certain requirements for the results of schoolchildren who have mastered the primary education program. Personal UUD presupposes the desire and ability of schoolchildren for self-development, the formation of positive motivation for knowledge and learning, the semantic and value attitudes of students, which reflect their individual positions, social competencies.
Primary school graduates must have a civic identity, personal qualities.
In meta-subject competencies, it is implied that the children fully master the educational activities: communicative, regulatory, cognitive, thanks to which they master the basic competencies.
Subject UUD assume obtaining information on certain disciplines, transformation, use of information, formation on the basis of the acquired knowledge of a full-fledged scientific picture of the world.
For example, a child learns to independently select a title for the text, write down the abstracts of the text. A graduate of an elementary school is obliged to draw up a thesis plan according to a ready-made title, to think over a retelling of the material.
The importance of ICT in educational institutions
The realities of our time are such that, in addition to classical writing, a child almost simultaneously masters a computer keyboard. Many parents who use a computer in their professional activity understand the importance of ICT in the modern school. Acquaintance with the outside world, conducting experiments and research today involves the use of digital cameras, microscopes. To summarize the results obtained in the course of practical activities, schoolchildren use digital resources.
Design methodology
For the project method, which is an indispensable element of the modern school according to the standards of the second generation, information technologies are also needed.
The integrated approach to learning used in the second generation standards is associated with the active application of knowledge gained in another lesson. For example, work with texts, descriptions, carried out during the Russian language, is continued when getting acquainted with natural phenomena in the lesson of the world around. The result of such activities will be a video report that describes natural phenomena, pictures of the environment.
Information and educational environment
It should be optimal for the informatization of the student and teacher. It is through the information environment according to the new federal standards that remote interaction of participants in the educational process is ensured, including the extracurricular period. What is included in IS? Multimedia devices, computers, access to the World Wide Web, access to electronic resources.
It is through the information environment that the teacher interacts with children who, for health reasons, cannot attend regular lessons and extracurricular activities.
The standard applies not only to lessons, but also to extracurricular activities. It includes individual lessons, homework, group consultations.
The content of such activities is reflected in the educational main program of the educational institution. GEF allow extracurricular work of younger students in the amount of ten hours a week. At the first stage of education, it contributes to ensuring equal opportunities in obtaining high-quality general primary education, upbringing, moral development of schoolchildren, and the formation of their citizenship.
Conclusion
In connection with the change in the social order in Russian education, there is a need for significant changes. Instead of the classical system, in which the main focus was on obtaining the maximum amount of theoretical knowledge, in Russian schools implement programs aimed at self-development of the younger generation. The second generation GEF provides an opportunity to receive primary education in their native language, to master the cultural and spiritual values of their people.
Thanks to the use of innovative teaching methods by teachers, each child has the opportunity to build their own educational and educational trajectory, gradually move along it, improve their skills and abilities. The standards of the second generation are aimed at satisfying the social order - the education of a citizen and a patriot who loves his country and is proud of it.
