Normative documents of housing and communal services. Public administration system

22.09.202027.05.2017

The housing and communal services system is one of the key economic sectors in the country. It covers a large industrial and technical complex. The demand for his services and products is always high. Let's take a closer look at the features Housing and communal services. Decryption abbreviations will also be indicated in the article.

General information

The housing and communal services system includes public, residential buildings, transport, operational and other facilities. All of them form a complex socio-economic complex. The state of infrastructure facilities and directly the living environment of citizens depends on the effectiveness of its activities. Utilities - what is it? It is primarily an independent economic sphere. Its key task is to meet the needs of citizens and organizations in services through which normal working and living conditions are provided.

Problems

Housing and communal services (HCS)- an area in which many topical issues are being addressed. Many of them worsen with the onset of cold weather. In what directions does it work Housing and communal services? Decryption This acronym speaks for itself. The key directions of this sphere is the provision of the main resources of the population and organizations - electricity, water, heat. In some regions, the situation is rather complicated. The most acute supply problems are in the Koryak Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region, Kamchatka, and Primorye. Only 60% of the fuel was delivered to some regions. Aging funds - another one actual problem in housing and communal services. What is physical wear and tear is known in every region. All these problems require immediate solutions.

Housing and communal services of the city of Moscow

Despite the fact that the capital region is considered the most prosperous in the country, there are also key issues related to the financing of housing and communal services. What is the lack of money for the industry? This is primarily a lack of operational equipment, overalls for workers, low wages. Nobody wants to work for little pay. Accordingly, the industry employs predominantly unskilled workers. According to officials, the constant shortage of this moment about 700 million rubles. Funds that citizens transfer in the form of rent can only cover cost of utility services. At the same time, this amount does not include the costs of maintaining and maintaining engineering and communication networks. That is why the industry operates only in emergency mode. There is simply no money for preventive measures.

Financial problems of housing and communal services

What is indebtedness for the sector in question? It represents the source of a chain of non-payments that are present in almost all industries. The key reasons for the difficult situation with debt are:

Effects

Territorial authorities are not always able to fulfill their obligations. This has led to widespread administrative coercion of performers and contractors in violation of applicable law. The control over the production and provision of quality services to citizens, the validity of the established tariffs, has significantly decreased. Insufficient funding explains the lack of interest in the formation of homeowners associations. The inability to fulfill budgetary obligations, the lack of transparent and effective procedures for setting and adjusting tariffs make the sector unattractive for private investors. This indicates the presence of a systemic crisis both in the industry itself as a whole and separately in the regions. The solution of the problems that have arisen is possible by applying the program-target method.

Ways out of the crisis

The main work on the formation of a problem-solving program falls on Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services RF. First of all, it is necessary to improve the composition and structure of financial relations within the industry with the requirements of a market economy. It should be said that some of the activities began back in 1997. So, in the late 90s, the process of transition from free or almost free provision of housing and communal services and the provision of housing to paid by citizens, in accordance with the quality, was launched. The main objectives of the events are:

Sector conversion

Having outlined the directions for reforming the housing and communal services, the government has developed the following ways to achieve its goals:

Improving the structures of management, control and operation.
The transition to contractual relations, the development of competition, providing the end user with the opportunity to influence the quality and volume of services, the introduction of a system of competitive selection of service organizations.
Improving calculation schemes, establishing increased rates for excess living space, differentiation of payment in accordance with the location of the object and the quality of housing.
Decrease with the subsequent termination of appropriations from the budget, elimination of cross-subsidization.
Improving the system of social protection of citizens. It involves the streamlining of existing benefits, strengthening the individual focus of allocated funds.
up to economically justified indicators determined through the competitive selection of service organizations.

Social protection of the population

It consists in preventing regional bodies and structures of territorial self-government from:

Restraining the improvement of the subsidy program for low-income families.
Unreasonable deterioration in the quality of services in comparison with those provided for in the contract of employment.
Imposition of unreasonably high tariffs.

Billing

Housing and communal services is considered one of the most costly economic sectors. Heat and electricity, water, and other resources are wastefully consumed here. farms are often unable to cover the costs with established tariffs and norms. At the same time, the pricing policy in the sector under consideration acts as a regulatory mechanism between producers, users and the municipal budget. The latter provides financing for the most costly areas of the industry. The basis of pricing policy should be a set of measures aimed at stimulating producers to reduce losses, and consumers, in turn, to the rational use of resources. today is carried out in accordance with the tariffs. The standards are calculated at cost and established profitability. The general rules for determining these indicators are subject to the corporate interest of the manufacturer. Tariffs are set by the local administration. housing and communal services however, it does not provide adequate control over the actual consumption of resources and cannot issue invoices for excess use. The consumer, in turn, cannot refuse to pay and allocate volumes that really should be included in the tariff and cost. The existing payment scheme, therefore, does not allow taking into account the costs that the manufacturer actually bears, the volume of actual consumption and the loss of the product during its transportation and receipt.

Tasks of tariff regulation

An effective analysis of rationing and pricing procedures should be based on the ratio of the established level of producers' costs and the volume of consumption of a particular resource. The existing problems are due to the imperfection of the current regulatory framework. At the same time, gaps are present at the federal, regional and local levels. The tariff regulation scheme is designed to ensure the implementation of investment and production programs approved for the coming period. Its functions include:

Stimulation of housing and communal services enterprises to reduce costs while improving the quality of services.
Creation of conditions for attraction of investments.
Ensuring the formation of the required amount of financial resources.
Accounting for the creation of competitive relations in some sub-sectors of housing and communal services.
Formation of mechanisms to reduce the politicization of pricing processes.

Planning, calculation and accounting methodology

Financial department of housing and communal services should look for a compromise between the terms of reference, the need for money and the solvency of the population. The basis for determining tariffs is the Methodology for planning, calculating and accounting for tariffs. It was developed to ensure the unity of the classification and composition of costs, the calculation of costs at enterprises engaged in various types of activities in the housing and communal services sector. The regulatory framework is the Regulation, approved by government decree No. 522 of 08/05/1992, amendments to it, as well as other legal acts. The methodology is intended for use by organizations different types activities: operation of housing stock, sewerage and water supply, electricity, heat supply, sanitary cleaning of settlements, bath, hotel, laundry services, etc. Services in each area of housing and communal services act as objects of calculation.

Planning

It acts as one of the key stages in determining economically justified prices. Cost planning is necessary both for natural monopolists and for those organizations that get the opportunity to conclude service contracts on a competitive basis. In the latter case, the cost is included in the tariff, which is the starting one during the event. Planned expenses for each item are set in accordance with:

Analysis of actual costs and their dynamics in the coming period.
Using regional and industry norms for types of costs.

The following groups of factors should be taken into account in the planning process:

Reducing the size of the cost: the use of an anti-cost mechanism, resource-saving measures, and so on.
Increasing the cost: determining the degree of inflation, the introduction of technological operations that improve the quality of service.

The planned cost per unit of service is determined by dividing the total estimated costs by the expected volume of services in kind. Loss / profit from sales is determined as the difference between the proceeds in current prices without VAT and costs in accordance with the law (standards).

Additional tasks

To improve the efficiency of the organization of the sector, the LCD provides that the management of an apartment building is designed to provide safe and favorable conditions for citizens, the proper maintenance of common property, the resolution of issues related to its use, as well as high-quality service by housing and communal services organizations. At the address of the location, the owners must choose one of the management methods:

Directly by the owners of the apartments.
HOA, a specialized consumer cooperative.
managing organization.

The corresponding decision is made at the general meeting.

Conclusion

In the 90s in Russia, the population covered about 4% of the operating costs of housing and communal services. The rest of the expenses were compensated by budgetary funds. In the process of transition to market economy it became clear that such a system of financing was ineffective. In this regard, there is an urgent need to reform the sector. By Decree of the President No. 425, the Concept of Transformations was approved. In accordance with it, the following tasks were set:

Ensuring living conditions for citizens that meet standards.
Reducing the costs of service organizations. This, in turn, was supposed to help reduce tariffs while maintaining the quality of services.
Mitigation for citizens of the consequences of the transformation of payment calculation schemes during the transition of the sector to the break-even mode.

As practice has shown, the process of reforming housing and communal services at the territorial level is proceeding rather slowly. Locally, there is a gradual increase in tariffs. By 2007, household payments covered about 80% of the industry's costs. After the transition to full payment for housing and communal services, budget obligations are provided for only a part of the costs related to the provision of benefits and subsidies. Meanwhile, the current state of the communal infrastructure remains unsatisfactory. The industry faces the following challenges:

The development of housing and communal services is slow and difficult. Difficulties are caused primarily by the neglect of the industry, the presence of contradictions in the financial relations of the participants in the process. Experts consider it justified the decision to gradually increase tariffs for the population so that over time they reach the level established for legal entities. However, a clear protection mechanism for low-income families is needed. At the same time, experts note that the originally set deadlines for the transition to 100% payment by citizens of operating costs are not justified. Due to high inflation and the need to strengthen social protection of the population, it is proposed to reduce the maximum allowable share of citizens' own expenses for paying for housing and communal services from 22 to 18%. At all levels of government, it is necessary to be more actively involved in solving the problems of the industry, without shifting them to the population, investors and the market.

Expert opinion

Housing and communal services facilities (HCS) are housing stock, also hotels, except for tourists, hostels, houses for visitors, artificial structures, external amenities, swimming pools, equipment and facilities on the beaches, heat, gas, electricity supply facilities for residents states, workshops, sites, workshops, bases, special mechanisms, machines, garages, storage facilities that are designed for repair, maintenance of all housing and communal services, physical education, sports, socio-cultural areas.

Department of Housing and Utilities includes a whole complex of sub-sectors, which ensures the full-fledged operation of various buildings in settlements, engineering infrastructure, creates comfort, convenience for living, being in the premises of citizens, providing them with a wide range of housing and communal services.

Housing and communal services are the following services:

Sewerage where the discharge is carried out Wastewater.
Capital repairs of buildings.
Water supply, where leaks of water pipes are eliminated, a system is drawn up water purification,
Heat supply, within which residents must receive hot water, heating. At the same time, the uninterrupted operation of CHPPs and boiler houses should be ensured. If the functioning of the latter is disrupted, then a fuel and energy crisis may ensue.
Current repair of internal engineering systems and communications of buildings.
Garbage collection, removal and further disposal.
Power supply.
Maintaining house areas clean and tidy.

All these services must be provided to the population uninterruptedly. In order to avoid misunderstandings, there were standards for solving general and particular issues, there are regulatory documents of housing and communal services that indicate how to act correctly in a given situation in order to provide the population with a full range of services.
Housing and communal services are greatly influenced not only by special documentation, but also by building codes and regulations. Even at the construction stage, all engineering systems to provide services to the population. All this is strictly controlled by special regulations, each violation is punishable by law.

The extent to which all norms and rules are observed during construction work, during the connection of a particular system, depends on further work on the provision of services, the quality of the benefits received.

Regulatory documents of housing and communal services are very important, their non-compliance can lead to serious consequences, therefore the state strictly controls the observance of all norms and rules, from the construction stage to the commissioning of the building. In the future, control continues, compliance with regulatory documents of housing and communal services ensures the uninterrupted receipt by the population of all services for a comfortable and convenient life.

Regulatory documents of housing and communal services regulate wide range works, services, rules, with the help of documentation you can find out about the current tariffs, benefits, even the norms for planting trees near an apartment building. Each step and each action is clearly and in detail described in the regulatory documents.

Currently, the housing and communal services reform is underway, the purpose of which is to simplify and facilitate the process of providing services. housing code obliged the owners of residential premises to choose one of three ways to manage an apartment building, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 161 ZhK RF. Owners can choose a management organization, self-government, under which entity, for example, a homeowners association, it will act on behalf of all owners. There is another option - direct management, in which each owner will conclude a separate contract for housing and communal services and will independently pay for them. In the future, laws and by-laws may be modified, corrected, but the essence of providing services to the population will remain unchanged.

The housing stock management system is undergoing a number of serious modifications; a reform is currently being carried out that gives housing and communal services into private hands. The state will only observe what is happening from the outside. But the existing regulatory documents of housing and communal services regulate and will regulate the entire stage of relations between citizens and service providers. In any action related to housing and communal services, one must rely on regulations.

Designation	Name	the date	Type	Status
	Album of technical solutions to improve the thermal protection of buildings, insulation of nodes during the overhaul of the housing stock	01.10.2008		current
	Temporary methodology for assessing residential premises	01.10.2008		current
Instruction	Temporary technological instruction for coating with ABRIS T tape on steel underground pipelines during their construction and repair	01.10.2008	Instruction	current
Temporary rules	Temporary norms for the maximum duration, overhaul of residential and public facilities	17.06.2011	Temporary rules	current
Guidelines	Temporary sectoral guidelines for the calculation of planned indicators of draft state plans for the protection of atmospheric air	01.10.2008	Guidelines	current
Instruction	Instructions for anti-corrosion treatment of water with liquid glass	01.10.2008	Instruction	current

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The objects of housing and communal services include
housing stock, hotels
with the exception of tourist), houses and hostels for visitors,
objects of external improvement, artificial
facilities, pools, facilities and
beach equipment, as well as objects of gas, heat and electricity supply to the population, sites,
workshops, bases, workshops,
garages, special
machines and
mechanisms, warehouses intended for maintenance and repair of housing and communal services, social and cultural sphere, physical culture and sports. Art. 275.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation

Watch value Objects of housing and communal services in other dictionaries

Housing- The first part of compound words. Contributes sign. noun: housing. Housing and construction cooperative.
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov

Archaeological Sites– Archaeological objects are considered to be all remains and objects or any other traces of human existence, which are evidence of epochs and civilizations, the main ........
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Amendments to the Application Documents for Industrial Property Objects– the applicant has the right to make corrections and clarifications in the application documents for industrial property objects without changing the essence of the declared industrial property objects ........
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Public Water Facilities- - water bodies that are in public, open use. Water bodies owned by the state, as well as isolated ........
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Military Objects- - combat positions of troops, command posts, training grounds, communication centers, bases, warehouses and other military facilities. The list approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian ........
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Supreme Council of the National Economy (SUNK)- - 1) the highest central body for managing the national economy, mainly industry, in 1917-1932. Created under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. With the formation of the USSR - united ........
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Geographic Features- existing or existed relatively stable, holistic formations of the Earth characterized by a certain location: continents, oceans, seas, bays, ........
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Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions of Workers of the National Economy of the USSR (etc) — - normative document, designed for billing work, assigning qualification categories to workers. Works are billed according to their complexity.
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Housing and Construction Cooperative- - an organization of citizens-developers created for the purpose of building a residential building (houses) and subsequent operation and management of it (them). Housing and construction cooperatives ........
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Housing and Construction Cooperative (zhsk)- - a type of consumer cooperative, a non-profit organization whose purpose is to meet the needs of its members in housing. In housing cooperatives can be combined ........
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Property of the Peasant (Farm) Economy- is held by its members on the right of joint ownership, unless otherwise provided by law or an agreement between them. (Art. 260 Civil Code The Republic of Belarus)
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Owner of Exclusive Rights to Objects of Scientific and Technical Information- - the state as a subject of legal relations in the field of scientific and technical information, legal and individuals responsible for the disposal and use of documented ........
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Detached Water Features- relate to real estate and are integral part land plot. The provisions of the water legislation of the Russian Federation apply to separate ........
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Common Joint Property of the Members of the Peasant (Farm) Economy- - the legal form of joint possession of property by the right of ownership of members of a peasant (farm) economy. According to civil law (Article 257 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) ........
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Objects of Copyright- copyright extends to works of science, literature and art, which are the result of creative activity, regardless of purpose and dignity ........
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Accounting Objects- Objects accounting are the property of organizations, their obligations and business operations carried out by organizations in the course of their activities .........
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Objects of State Protection- - persons subject to state protection in accordance with this federal law. The objects of state protection include the President of the Russian Federation, ........
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Objects of Civil Rights- - tangible and intangible benefits, about which civil legal relations arise. According to Art. 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to O. g.p. include things, including money and securities, ........
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Objects of Trust Management— securities and means of investing in securities, including: securities and means of investing transferred to trust management at the conclusion of an agreement........
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Objects of the Unified Air Traffic Management System- The objects of the unified air traffic management system are complexes of buildings, structures, communications, as well as ground objects of facilities and service systems ........
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Forest Relations Objects- The objects of forest relations are the forest fund of the Russian Federation ... plots of the forest fund, the rights to use them, forests that are not included in the forest fund, their plots, rights ........
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Objects of Monitoring [social and labor Sphere]– The objects of monitoring are specially selected (basic) enterprises, institutions and other organizations of various forms of ownership and sectors of the economy, regions, ........
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Postal facilities- - according to the definition of the Federal Law "On Postal Communication" of August 9, 1995, "separate divisions of postal organizations (post offices, railway post offices, transportation departments ........
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Objects of Legal Relations of Subsoil Use- - subsoil resources. The type of subsoil resource and its features determine the rights and obligations that arise for the subjects of legal relations of subsoil use.
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Industrial Property Objects- these include inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks and service marks, trade names and appellations of origin........
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Objects of Creative Architectural Activity (Architectural Objects)— Objects of creative architectural activity (architectural objects) are: 1. planning and development of cities, other settlements and territories; 2. buildings, structures........
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Objects of Economic Security of the Russian Federation- Objects economic security The Russian Federation are the individual, society, state and the main elements of the economic system, including the system of institutional ........
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Objects Not Recognized as Patentable Inventions- are not considered inventions, in particular: discoveries, as well as scientific theories and mathematical methods: decisions concerning only appearance products and aimed at ........
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Specially Protected Water Objects- - natural aquatic ecosystems of special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health significance. fully or partially,........
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Specially Protected Objects And Territories- - plots of land and water space that have a special scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health significance and are seized by decisions of the authorities........
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