From the page of E. Kukui
His heroic biography would be enough for several lives, but he lived only one. But what! Leader of a sabotage detachment in Poland, participant in the Spanish Civil War, Soviet intelligence officer in China, commander of a partisan detachment during the Great Patriotic War. Having lost both arms, he did not lose heart and in 1945 headed a collective farm, which was the first in the USSR to receive a million net profit.
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky - Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor, holder of five Orders of Lenin and many other awards served as the prototype for the main characters for two world-famous writers - Ernest Hemingway ("For Whom the Bell Tolls") and Yuri Nagibin (script of the film "The Chairman" with Mikhail Ulyanov).
SABOTEUR
Orlovsky began his military career in the tsarist army as a non-commissioned officer, participated in the First World War, and rose to the rank of commander of a sapper platoon. He accepted the creation of the world's first state of workers and peasants with all his heart. In June 1918, on instructions from the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that operated against German troops. Then he worked in the Cheka.
Under the terms of the peace treaty in 1921, Western Belarus and Western Ukraine were transferred to Poland. Orlovsky soon ended up there at the head of a sabotage detachment. It was assumed that the armed detachments would become the core of a nationwide partisan movement in the occupied Belarusian and Ukrainian lands, which would lead to their reunification with the USSR.
Trains flew downhill, bridges exploded, landowners' estates, railway stations and towns were captured... The Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs gave 10 billion marks for the head of the Red saboteur, who operated under the pseudonym Mucha-Michalski!
In 1925, the Soviet leadership decided that sabotage methods of struggle had exhausted themselves, and gave instructions to “concentrate all efforts on organizational mass work among the peasants.” But the vast experience gained in Poland could not be wasted. Therefore, the leadership recruited Kirill to work in a special department of the NKVD for the selection and training of partisan personnel for wartime.
Then there was Spain, unprecedented 500- and 750-kilometer reconnaissance and sabotage raids along the rear of the Francoists.
In Madrid, he lived in the same hotel with Hemingway for a week and talked with him. The writer was fascinated by the great saboteur, listened to his stories, and asked endless questions. The result of these conversations was the novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” where Orlovsky was based on the prototype of the main character Robert Jordan.
Meanwhile, Kirill himself received a severe spinal contusion from a nearby grenade explosion. The doctors' verdict was merciless - he should be given a commission and not fit to work in the special services.
However, scouts are not former. In March 1941, under the guise of an employee of the People's Commissariat of Flowers, he went to Alma-Ata to organize a base for our agents in China. Later, in the Middle Kingdom, he carries out a textbook operation to save our resident, stealing him from under the nose of Chinese counterintelligence and taking him to the USSR in a bale of cotton wool.
With the beginning of the war, events developed rapidly: already on the sixth day, Nazi troops occupied Minsk, Kirill Prokofievich was eager to return to his native Belarus, demanding to be sent to the front. The command is adamant - Orlovsky is needed here. And then the famous saboteur writes a report addressed to Stalin. The reaction was immediate - Orlovsky was recalled and appointed to command the special-purpose partisan detachment "Falcons", operating on the territory of Belarus.
In February 1943, intelligence information was received that high-ranking Germans with numerous guards would be passing along one of the roads in the Baranovichi region. Even before dawn, the commander brought 12 of his soldiers in camouflage suits to the road. We had to wait 12 hours in the snow pits! Only at six in the evening did the transport appear. When the carts caught up with the disguised partisans, they opened heavy fire. As a result, the Sokolov fighters destroyed the General Commissioner of the city of Baranovichi Friedrich French, the Gebiets Commissioner of the Baranovichi region Friedrich Stür and the SS Obergruppenführer Ferdinand Zasornas, 8 officers and more than 30 guards, capturing important documents and weapons.
“There were no casualties on our side,” Kirill Prokofievich will write first. And only then will he point out: “In this battle I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked.” This is all Orlovsky. The matter was complicated by the fact that there was no doctor in the detachment, and the doctor of the neighboring detachment did not have anesthesia or a surgical saw. Then they got a hacksaw, sharpened it, cleaned it with emery, boiled it in boiling water and performed the operation without anesthesia. The commander was amputated right hand on the shoulder, and on the left - four fingers. Due to concussion, he lost 50% of his hearing. Who would be able to fight with such an injury? But... “Three months later I got up. The partisans did not let me become a cripple. I was in command of my squad again." Only in the fall of 1943 Orlovsky was recalled to Moscow, where he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Still from the film "The Chairman". The hero's biography inspired the writer Nagibin and director Saltykov
CHAIRMAN
It would seem that the honored hero, according to all conceivable laws and concepts, received the right to a comfortable rest for life. And the restless Orlovsky again writes a letter to Stalin: “Materially, I live very well... Morally, it’s bad.” A disabled person of the first group - without both arms, who can hardly take care of himself independently, cannot dress and put on shoes, wash and eat, is almost deaf... Do you think this is what the letter is talking about? “I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful work.”
In the letter, Kirill Prokofievich clearly and convincingly explains what and how he could do to restore the economy destroyed by the war. “If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved would be the following indicators... I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles. According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.”
It is striking not only that Orlovsky takes on such an overwhelming task, but also that Stalin allocates the requested funds, although the war is not over yet.
In the village of Myshkovichi at that time, collective farmers lived in dugouts; there was almost not a single hut left standing. But Kirill Prokofievich began not with the construction of housing, but with the introduction of almost military discipline, establishing strict accounting, control and responsibility for everyone material assets and organization of work. And he established the law of life in the household: do not be idle, do not steal, do not get drunk, do not waste words. Gradually the economy began to revive.
The Orlovsky collective farm is still operating
Kirill Prokofievich fulfilled all his promises. Under the leadership of Orlovsky, the Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the Soviet Union and grew into a large diversified enterprise. Villages of urban-type houses were built here; the collective farm had a machine yard, a vegetable plant, a sewing, dairy and sausage shop, carpentry and plumbing workshops, a mill, and a bottling shop. mineral water, high school, shopping mall, a nursery-kindergarten, a restaurant, a hotel, a stadium, a library, a post office, a public bathhouse, a first aid station, a comprehensive reception center for consumer services, an automatic telephone exchange, a Palace of Culture, a children's music school, shops and the first own sanatorium in the republic. Paved roads were built to fields, farms and villages.
Eyewitnesses describe it this way: “The bins in the collective farmers’ yards were bursting with goodness. He rebuilt the village, paved the road to the regional center and the village street, built a club and a ten-year school. I didn’t have enough money - I took all my savings (200 thousand) from the book and invested it in school. I paid stipends to students, preparing a personnel reserve.”
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was called as many names as - the wolf man, the legend man, the plow man. This cool, straightforward and honest man infected everyone with his irrepressible energy and never complained about his lot. His wife recalled: “I always went with him, he couldn’t do it alone. He was very worried about being crippled.” Only once, according to his wife, the chairman was glad that he had no hands. It was in Moscow at the next session. Nikita Khrushchev, whom Orlovsky did not like, spoke. He performed, everyone clapped and clapped for him, and there was a standing ovation. And Kirill Prokofievich whispers to his wife: “It’s good that I have no arms. Don’t clap for this tourist.”
In the center of the village of Myshkovichi, a bust was erected to Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, at the foot of which there are two symbols of his fate - a rifle and a plow. Two symbols that define his human essence are a fighter and a worker.
Alexey Maksimov
Thanks to To the People's Commissar State Security Comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate Comrade Sudoplatov, I live very well financially. Morally - bad.
The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; My physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the Lenin-Stalin party?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.
Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted as much time as possible to working on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main work, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a closer look at this business and fell in love with it.
I used my stay at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, to the fullest in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that could ensure the organization of an exemplary collective farm.
If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:
1. From one hundred forage cows (in 1950), I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of the dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the fat content of milk.
2. Sow at least seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 obtain at least 20 centners of flax fiber per hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June - July of this year there is no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. In 1950, collective farm forces will plant an orchard on one hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that have been developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. The following buildings will be built before 1950:
1) barn for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) barn for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) barn for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) stable barn for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machinery, equipment and mineral fertilizer - 950 sq. m;
8) power station, with a mill and sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage facility for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) house for kindergarten- 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick-lined walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the efforts of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a restroom and a small barn for the collective farmer’s livestock and poultry. The village will be a type of well-maintained, cultural village, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.
I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.
According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.
Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will have time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members in such a way that will allow me to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultural and loyal people to the Lenin-Stalin party.
Before writing this statement to you and taking on these obligations, I have thoroughly considered it many times, carefully weighed every step, every detail of this work, and have come to the deep conviction that I will carry out the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be exemplary. farming for collective farmers of Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, to send me to this work and to provide the loan I requested.
If any questions arise regarding this application, please call me for an explanation.
Application:
1. Description of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map indicating the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the purchased loan.
Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944 Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, building No. 10a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46"
Russian Empire
Russian Empire
USSR USSR
Partisan detachment "Falcons"
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky(January 18 (), Myshkovichi village (now Kirov district, Mogilev region) - January 13, ibid.) - employee of the USSR state security agencies, one of the leaders of the partisan movement in Belarus. Hero of the Soviet Union (1943). Hero of Socialist Labor ().
Biography
Born in peasant family. He participated in the First World War with the rank of non-commissioned officer.
In 1938, he was dismissed from military service in the state security agencies due to health reasons.
In 1939-1940 he worked as vice-rector for economic affairs at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute (Orenburg) and at the same time studied there as a student.
On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of K.P. Orlovsky (12 fighters) attacked the convoy of the General Commissioner of Belarus Vilighelm Kube on one of the roads in the Baranovichi region; As a result of the raid, Hauptkommissar Friedrich Fenz, SS-Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed.
Orlovsky’s detachment did not suffer any losses; Orlovsky himself was seriously wounded. His right arm was amputated at the shoulder, 3 fingers on his left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%.
Having lost the ability to pass military service in the state security authorities in connection with disability, Orlovsky K.P. addressed a personal letter to Stalin I.V. , in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Belarusian SSR and promised to revive it and make it a millionaire collective farm. K.P. Orlovsky’s request was granted by the USSR Government. Since January, K.P. Orlovsky has been elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region. Under the leadership of Orlovsky, the Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.
In 1956-1961 he was a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee.
Memory
Awards
- Gold Star Medal No. 1720 (September 20, 1943).
- Medals.
See also
Write a review of the article "Orlovsky, Kirill Prokofievich"
Notes
Literature
- Borisov I. The Man from the Legend: A Documentary Story / I. Borisov. - Minsk: Mastatskaya Literature, 1991. - 335 p. ISBN 5-340-00231-4.
- Ponomarev, V. G. Rebellious heart / V. G. Ponomarev. - Moscow: Politizdat, 1970. - 159 p.
- Tsvetov Ya. The story of Kirill Orlovsky. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1976. - 304 p. - 100,000 copies.
Links
Website "Heroes of the Country".
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An excerpt characterizing Orlovsky, Kirill Prokofievich
- Mitinka! And Mitinka! “Ride off, Mitinka, to the Moscow region,” he turned to the manager who came in at his call, “jump off to the Moscow region and now tell Maximka to dress up the corvée for the gardener. Tell them to drag all the greenhouses here and wrap them in felt. Yes, so that I have two hundred pots here by Friday.Having given more and more different orders, he went out to rest with the countess, but remembered something else he needed, returned himself, brought back the cook and the housekeeper, and again began to give orders. A light, masculine gait and the clanking of spurs were heard at the door, and a handsome, ruddy, with a black mustache, apparently rested and well-groomed from his quiet life in Moscow, entered the young count.
- Oh, my brother! “My head is spinning,” the old man said, as if ashamed, smiling in front of his son. - At least you could help! We need more songwriters. I have music, but should I invite the gypsies? Your military brethren love this.
“Really, daddy, I think Prince Bagration, when he was preparing for the Battle of Shengraben, bothered less than you do now,” said the son, smiling.
The old count pretended to be angry. - Yes, you interpret it, you try it!
And the count turned to the cook, who, with an intelligent and respectable face, looked observantly and affectionately at father and son.
- What are young people like, eh, Feoktist? - he said, - the old people are laughing at our brother.
“Well, Your Excellency, they just want to eat well, but how to assemble and serve everything is not their business.”
“Well, well,” the count shouted, and cheerfully grabbing his son by both hands, he shouted: “So that’s it, I got you!” Now take the pair of sleighs and go to Bezukhov, and say that the count, they say, Ilya Andreich sent to ask you for fresh strawberries and pineapples. You won't get it from anyone else. It’s not there, so you go in, tell the princesses, and from there, that’s what, go to Razgulay - Ipatka the coachman knows - find Ilyushka the gypsy there, that’s what Count Orlov was dancing with, remember, in a white Cossack, and bring him back here to me.
- And bring him here with the gypsies? – Nikolai asked laughing. - Well, well!...
At this time, with silent steps, with a businesslike, preoccupied and at the same time Christianly meek look that never left her, Anna Mikhailovna entered the room. Despite the fact that every day Anna Mikhailovna found the count in a dressing gown, every time he was embarrassed in front of her and asked to apologize for his suit.
“Nothing, Count, my dear,” she said, meekly closing her eyes. “And I’ll go to Bezukhoy,” she said. “Pierre has arrived, and now we’ll get everything, Count, from his greenhouses.” I needed to see him. He sent me a letter from Boris. Thank God, Borya is now at headquarters.
The Count was glad that Anna Mikhailovna took part of his instructions, and ordered her to pawn a small carriage.
– You tell Bezukhov to come. I'll write it down. How is he and his wife? – he asked.
Anna Mikhailovna rolled her eyes, and deep sorrow was expressed on her face...
“Ah, my friend, he is very unhappy,” she said. “If what we heard is true, it’s terrible.” And did we think when we rejoiced so much at his happiness! And such a lofty, heavenly soul, this young Bezukhov! Yes, I feel sorry for him from the bottom of my heart and will try to give him the consolation that will depend on me.
- What is it? - asked both Rostov, the elder and the younger.
Anna Mikhailovna took a deep breath: “Dolokhov, Marya Ivanovna’s son,” she said in a mysterious whisper, “they say he has completely compromised her.” He took him out, invited him to his house in St. Petersburg, and so... She came here, and this head-off man followed her,” said Anna Mikhailovna, wanting to express her sympathy for Pierre, but in involuntary intonations and a half-smile, showing sympathy for the head-off man, like she named Dolokhov. “They say that Pierre himself is completely overwhelmed by his grief.”
“Well, just tell him to come to the club and everything will go away.” The feast will be a mountain.
The next day, March 3, at 2 o’clock in the afternoon, 250 members of the English Club and 50 guests were expecting their dear guest and hero of the Austrian campaign, Prince Bagration, for dinner. At first, upon receiving news of the Battle of Austerlitz, Moscow was perplexed. At that time, the Russians were so accustomed to victories that, having received the news of defeat, some simply did not believe it, while others sought explanations for such a strange event in some unusual reasons. IN English club, where everything that was noble, with correct information and weight gathered, in the month of December, when news began to arrive, nothing was said about the war and about the last battle, as if everyone had agreed to remain silent about it. People who gave direction to the conversations, such as: Count Rostopchin, Prince Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky, Valuev, gr. Markov, book. Vyazemsky, did not show up at the club, but gathered at home, in their intimate circles, and Muscovites, speaking from other people’s voices (to which Ilya Andreich Rostov belonged), were left for a short time without a definite judgment about the cause of war and without leaders. Muscovites felt that something was wrong and that it was difficult to discuss this bad news, and therefore it was better to remain silent. But after a while, as the jury left the deliberation room, the aces who gave their opinions in the club appeared, and everything began to speak clearly and definitely. The reasons for this incredible, unheard of and impossible event that the Russians were beaten, and everything became clear, and in all corners of Moscow they began to say the same thing. These reasons were: the betrayal of the Austrians, the poor food supply of the army, the betrayal of the Pole Pshebyshevsky and the Frenchman Langeron, the inability of Kutuzov, and (they said on the sly) the youth and inexperience of the sovereign, who entrusted himself to bad and insignificant people. But the troops, the Russian troops, everyone said, were extraordinary and performed miracles of courage. Soldiers, officers, generals were heroes. But the hero of heroes was Prince Bagration, famous for his Shengraben affair and his retreat from Austerlitz, where he alone led his column undisturbed and spent the whole day repelling an enemy twice as strong. The fact that Bagration was chosen as a hero in Moscow was also facilitated by the fact that he had no connections in Moscow and was a stranger. In his person due honor was given to a fighting, simple, without connections and intrigues, Russian soldier, still associated with the memories of the Italian campaign with the name of Suvorov. In addition, in bestowing such honors on him, the dislike and disapproval of Kutuzov was best shown.
“If there were no Bagration, il faudrait l"inventer, [it would be necessary to invent him.] - said the joker Shinshin, parodying the words of Voltaire. No one spoke about Kutuzov, and some scolded him in a whisper, calling him a court turntable and an old satyr. Throughout Moscow repeated the words of Prince Dolgorukov: “sculpt, sculpt and stick around,” who was consoled in our defeat by the memory of previous victories, and Rostopchin’s words were repeated about the fact that French soldiers must be excited to fight with pompous phrases, that we must reason logically with the Germans, convincing them that It is more dangerous to run than to go forward; but the Russian soldiers just need to be held back and be quiet! From all sides new and new stories were heard about individual examples of courage shown by our soldiers and officers at Austerlitz. He saved the banner, he killed 5 French. , he alone loaded 5 guns. They also said about Berg, who did not know him, that he, wounded in his right hand, took the sword in his left and went forward, they did not say anything about Bolkonsky, and only those who knew him closely regretted that he was early. died, leaving a pregnant wife and an eccentric father.
Born into a peasant family. Participated in the First World War as a non-commissioned officer.
In June 1918, on instructions from the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that operated against German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he worked in the Bobruisk Cheka, then completed courses for command personnel. In 1920-1925 led partisan detachments in Western Belarus, which was part of Poland, through “active intelligence” of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army. Under his leadership, dozens of military operations were carried out, as a result of which over 100 gendarmes and landowners were killed.
Later he graduated from the Communist University of National Minorities of the West named after Markhlevsky (1930).
In 1925-1937 he worked in the GPU (then NKVD) of Belarus, as head of the GULAG section for the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal, head of the section. In 1937-1938 he carried out combat missions during the Spanish Civil War, then worked in the NKVD of the USSR. In 1939-1940 he studied at the Agricultural Institute.
From October 1942 to August 1943 he successfully led a large partisan detachment “Falcons” operating in the Baranovichi region.
On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of K.P. Orlovsky (12 fighters) on one of the roads in the Baranovichi region made a daring raid on the convoy of the fascist General Commissioner of Belarus Vilighelm Kube; As a result of the raid, the fascist commissar of three regions of Belarus Friedrich Fens, SS Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed. Detachment of Orlovsky K.P. suffered no losses; Orlovsky himself K.P. was wounded and as a result lost both hands and lost 3/4 of his hearing. Orlovsky K.P. continued to lead the detachment until it was withdrawn to a safe place.
Hero of the Soviet Union (September 20, 1943). Having lost the ability to personally actively participate in the work of state security bodies due to disability, Orlovsky K.P. addressed a personal letter to I.V. Stalin, in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and promised to revive it and make it a millionaire collective farm. In a letter to Orlovsky K.V. wrote:
Thanks to the People's Commissar of State Security, Comrade Merkulov, and the Head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I live very well financially. Morally - bad.
The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; My physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the Lenin-Stalin party?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.
Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted as much time as possible to working on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main work, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a closer look at this business and fell in love with it.
I used my stay at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, to the fullest in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that could ensure the organization of an exemplary collective farm.
If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:
1. From one hundred forage cows (in 1950), I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of the dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the fat content of milk.
2. Sow at least seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 obtain at least 20 centners of flax fiber per hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June - July of this year there is no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. In 1950, collective farm forces will plant an orchard on one hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that have been developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. The following buildings will be built before 1950:
1) barn for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) barn for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) barn for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) stable barn for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machinery, equipment and mineral fertilizer - 950 sq. m;
8) power station, with a mill and sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage facility for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) house for kindergarten - 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick-lined walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the efforts of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a restroom and a small barn for the collective farmer’s livestock and poultry. The village will be a type of well-maintained, cultural village, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.
I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.
According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.
Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will have time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members in such a way that will allow me to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultural and loyal people to the Lenin-Stalin party.
Before writing this statement to you and taking on these obligations, I have thoroughly considered it many times, carefully weighed every step, every detail of this work, and have come to the deep conviction that I will carry out the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be exemplary. farming for collective farmers of Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, to send me to this work and to provide the loan I requested.
If any questions arise regarding this application, please call me for an explanation.
Application:
1. Description of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map indicating the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the purchased loan.
Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944 Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, building No. 10a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46"
Request from K.P. Orlovsky was satisfied by the Government of the USSR. Since January 1945 Orlovsky K.P. elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
Under the leadership of Orlovsky K.P. The Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.
Died January 13, 1968. He was buried in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirov district, Mogilev region of Belarus.
Memory
- He is the prototype of the main character of the film “The Chairman” and E. Hemingway’s story “For Whom the Bell Tolls” - Robert Jordan.
- In his homeland, a bronze bust of the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor was installed and a museum was opened.
- The streets of Belarusian cities are named after him - in Mogilev, Bobruisk and Kletsk.
- The Rassvet collective farm and a school in Kirovsk are named after him.
Awards
- By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 20, 1943, for the courage and bravery shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and medal “ Gold Star"(No. 1720).
- By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 18, 1958, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
- Five Orders of Lenin.
- Order of the Red Banner.
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
- Medals.
Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich - commander of the partisan detachment "Falcons" of the Baranovichi region of the Belarusian SSR, lieutenant colonel of state security;
Chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR.Born on January 18 (30), 1895 in the village of Myshkovichi, now the Kirov district of the Mogilev region (Belarus) in the family of a middle peasant. Russian. In 1910 he graduated from parochial school. He worked on his father's farm.
In 1915 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army. He served as a private in the 251st reserve infantry regiment (Moscow), in 1917 - in the sapper platoon of the 65th infantry regiment at Western Front. After February Revolution was elected by the soldiers as a platoon commander. Participant of the First World War, junior non-commissioned officer. After demobilization at the end of 1917, he returned to his homeland.
Participant Civil War from June 1918: fighter of the Krasnokocherichsky partisan detachment in Bobruisk province, fought against the German occupiers. From December 1918 to May 1919 - employee of the Orsha district and Bobruisk provincial Cheka. In 1920 he graduated from the Moscow Infantry Command Course.
In 1920-1935 he served in the GPU-NKVD of the USSR. In May 1920, the detachment crossed the line of the Soviet-Polish front and until 1925 continuously participated in the so-called “active combat operations” on the territory of Lithuania and Poland as part of combat detachments formed on the territory of the RSFSR, thrown into the territory of these countries in order to deploy a massive partisan movements. Despite a number of successes, by the mid-1920s it became clear that the population was increasingly moving away from cooperation with the Soviet partisans, and it was decided to curtail combat work; in 1925, all units were returned to the territory of the USSR. In May 1925, K.P. also crossed the border. Orlovsky.
Orlovsky was sent to study and in 1930 graduated from the Communist University of National Minorities of the West. From May 1930 - in the Directorate of the GPU for the Byelorussian SSR, the authorized representative of the special department of the OGPU/NKVD in the 5th Rifle Corps (Bobruisk), was engaged in the selection of partisan personnel in case of war. Since January 1936 - site manager for the construction of the Volga-Moscow canal.
In January 1937 - January 1938, he participated in the national revolutionary war of the Spanish people of 1936-1939, commander of a sabotage and reconnaissance group. At its head, he made a number of trips behind enemy lines, and also carried out a long 800-kilometer raid behind the rear of the Francoists. Since January 1938, he studied at special courses at the Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR in Moscow. Since February 1939 - assistant to the rector of the Chkalov Agricultural Institute (Chkalov, now Orenburg).
Since July 1940 - in the 5th department of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR. Since March 1941 - on a business trip abroad in China under the cover of the head of the geological department. In March 1942, after repeated requests to his leadership and People's Commissar L.P. Beria was returned to his homeland and enlisted in the apparatus of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.
A participant in the Great Patriotic War since October 1942, when he was thrown behind enemy lines, into Belovezhskaya Pushcha. K.P. Orlovsky was the commander of the special-purpose partisan detachment “Falcons”, which operated in the Baranovichi region of the Byelorussian SSR. The detachment led by him successfully carried out a number of operations to destroy industrial facilities and military echelons of the enemy. The actions of the people's avengers met with the warm support of the population of the temporarily occupied areas, so the ranks of the partisans were constantly replenished, and in 1943 K.P. Orlovsky’s detachment numbered more than 350 fighters.
On February 17, 1943, having skillfully organized an ambush, the soldiers of the Falcons detachment destroyed the General Commissioner of the city of Baranovichi Friedrich Fenz, the Gebietskommissar of the Baranovichi region Friedrich Stür and the Obergruppenführer of the SS troops Ferdinand Zacharius, seizing important documents and weapons. In this battle, K.P. Orlovsky was seriously wounded, losing both hands (the hands were amputated by a partisan doctor without anesthesia with an ordinary saw). After recovery, he continued to command the detachment.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943, for the courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
In August 1943, he was recalled to Moscow and continued to serve in the bodies of the People's Commissariat of State Security of the Belarusian SSR. Unable to fully perform due to severe injuries official duties and not wanting to be a disabled pensioner, in July 1944 he wrote a letter to I.V. Stalin, where he asked to be appointed chairman of a collective farm in the liberated regions of the Belarusian USSR and promised to restore the economy and bring it to the forefront. Since December 1944, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security K.P. Orlovsky is on the reserve list due to disability.
Since January 1945, the former partisan commander has been the chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Mogilev region of the Belarusian SSR. In just a few post-war years he managed to revive the farm. And in the late 1950s - early 1960s, the fame of the collective farm "Rassvet" thundered throughout Soviet Union. Collective farmers of Orlovsky, one of the first in the country, earned a million in net profit. And, as his fellow countrymen recalled, although Kirill Prokofievich could not put on his boots on his own, he had the will to establish iron discipline on the collective farm and turn a lagging collective farm into a leading one.
By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 18, 1958, for outstanding achievements achieved in the development of agriculture for the production of grain, potatoes, flax, meat, milk and other agricultural products, and the introduction of scientific achievements and best practices into production Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee (1956-1961). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 3rd - 7th convocations (since 1950).
Died January 13, 1968. He was buried in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirov district, Mogilev region (Belarus).
Awarded 5 Orders of Lenin (11/13/1937; 09/20/1943; 12/30/1948; 01/18/1958; 03/22/1966), Orders of the Red Banner (04/30/1946), Red Banner of Labor of the Belarusian SSR (1932), medals, including " For labor valor" (12/25/1959), "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree (09/02/1943), honorary firearms from the OGPU USSR (11/6/1923).
A bronze bust of the Hero was installed in his homeland, where a museum was opened in memory of him. The streets of a number of Belarusian cities and collective farms are named after him.
K.P. Orlovsky became the prototype of the main character in the legendary feature film mid-60s of the 20th century “Chairman”.
