Tanzania is a country in East Africa. It consists of the mainland (tanganyika), washed by the Indian Ocean from the east, and the large coastal islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia. Tanzania is part of the British Commonwealth.
Most of the country is located on the East African Plateau. The territory of Tanzania captures part of the largest lakes in Africa - Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called Baikal's twin) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania. The highest mountains in Africa, Kilimanjaro (5895 m). The total length of land borders is 3,402 km, of which with Burundi - 451 km, with Kenya - 769 km, Malawi - 475 km, with Mozambique - 756 km, with Rwanda - 217 km, with Uganda - 396 km and with Zambia - 338 km.
Area of Tanzania: total - 945,087 km2. Coastline: 1424 km. The island territories consist of the Zanzibar archipelago (the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, etc.).
Tanzania has two capitals: the historical capital Dar es Salaam serves as the administrative center, and Dodoma, where the government moved the main organs in the 1970s, serves as the legislative center.
Tanzania is a republic. The head of state and head of government is the president, elected by the people for a 5-year term, with the possibility of a second term in a row. On December 14, 2005, the candidate from the ruling Revolutionary Party, Tanzanian Foreign Minister Jakaya Kikwete, won the presidential election, gaining more than 80% of the vote. His main rival was Ibrahim Lipumba, the candidate of the opposition Civic United Front. The Parliament is a unicameral State Assembly (Bunge), with 274 deputies, of which 232 are elected by the people for a 5-year term, 37 women deputies are personally appointed by the president, and 5 deputies are appointed by the autonomous parliament of Zanzibar.
Relief of Tanzania
Most of Tanzania is located on the East African Plateau. Along the western and southwestern borders there are deep tectonic valleys and highlands of Giant craters (Meru volcanoes, Africa's highest mountain Kilimanjaro (5895 m) and others. The coast of the Indian Ocean is a narrow strip of lowlands.
The lower and drier part of the plateau occupies all of southern Tanzania. The soils here are of a lighter composition, are prone to erosion and are rapidly depleted. Precipitation is scarce and unevenly distributed over the seasons. The tsetse fly is found here - a carrier of sleeping sickness among people and revolver disease among domestic animals.
The central and northern parts of the plateau rise to 1200-1500 m. In some places there is a moderate amount of precipitation, fertile soils are common.
The territory of the country includes part of the largest lakes in Africa - Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called Baikal's twin) in the west, Lake Nyasa in southern Tanzania, as well as drainless salt lakes Rukva, Natron, Eyasi. The main rivers of the country - Pangani, Rufiji (the only navigable river in the lower reaches) and Ruvuma flow into the Indian Ocean.
Climate of Tanzania
The climate is subequatorial monsoon, hot, seasonally humid. Average monthly temperatures from 12-15 to 25-27 degrees C. There are two rainy seasons in the north (March - May and September - November), in the south - one (November - April).
The greatest amount of precipitation falls on the western coast of Lake Victoria (up to 2000 mm per year), the least - on the internal plateaus (about 250 mm). In most of Tanzania, the dry season lasts 5-7 months. The change of dry and wet seasons is especially noticeable in the mountainous northeast and on the Masai plateau.
There are drought problems forest fires. It happened that the drought led to a decrease in the water level in the reservoirs that feed the hydroelectric power stations to a critical level, as a result, strict rationing of the supply of electricity was introduced throughout the country. Heavy rains also cause significant damage. So, as a result of heavy rains in late 1997 - early 1998. agricultural objects were destroyed, roads were washed out, bridges were demolished.
The climate on the islands is humid, the average daily temperature is plus 28-30 degrees, sea breezes make the weather very pleasant. The water temperature in the Indian Ocean is 24-26 degrees. In the central part (1200-1700 m above sea level) average temperature- plus 22-25 degrees, nights can be cool.
Flora of Tanzania
Tropical dry deciduous woodlands are located in the west and south of the country, park savannahs in the coastal lowland, and grassy savannahs in the central and northeastern regions. Moist evergreen forests and shrubs grow on the slopes of the mountains. Despite the proximity to the equator, various types of savannas are characteristic of Tanzania: shrub, park, mountain park, grassy. Along with the forests of "miombo" (light rainforests from deciduous trees) savannas occupy most of the territory. On the coast of the ocean and in the mouths of the rivers there are mangroves. Dense tropical forests have survived only around the lakes in the west of the country and in the floodplains of some rivers. Even conifers grow on the slopes of high mountains, for example, cedar and foot-bearing. Angolan pterocarpus is found in the park forests, the valuable wood of which is used for the manufacture of high-quality furniture and wall cladding.
Fauna of Tanzania
Tanzania is one of the few countries on the African continent where representatives of a rich tropical fauna have been preserved in natural conditions. Several species of antelopes live in the savannas (wildbeest, kongoni, topi, stenbok, springbok and others), as well as lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, elephants and giraffes.
An abundance of monkeys is characteristic, from monkeys in the extreme northwest there are chimpanzees, and in the Kilimanjaro region - gorillas. There are hippos and crocodiles along the rivers.
The world of birds is unusually rich and diverse. Especially a lot of waterfowl. In the elevated regions of the country, ostriches can occasionally be observed. From poisonous snakes the black mamba and the African viper stand out.
However animal world significantly impoverished as a result of prolonged extermination. Large animals are preserved mainly in reserves and national parks, the largest of which are Ngorongoro, Serengeti, Ruaha, Arusha, Manyama, Mikumi, Kilimanjaro, Rungwa. Particularly famous national park Serengeti (15.5 thousand sq. km), the only one in the world where natural seasonal migrations of wild animals take place. Ngorongoro is located in the region of a huge volcanic crater, its caldera, the largest in the world, is distinguished by an extraordinary wealth of fauna.
National parks of Tanzania
There are 15 national parks in Tanzania, which are managed by the Tanzania National Parks Authority or TANAPA, based in the city of Arusha. According to international studies, the service is one of the most productive in Africa - it employs 1650 people who serve 15 existing and one planned national park (Saanane). The main task of the service is to preserve the existing biodiversity and rich natural heritage of the country. The national park system has UNESCO World Heritage Sites (4 sites out of 7 in Tanzania) and Biosphere Reserves (2 sites out of 3 in the country).
In the north of the country in the center there are national parks Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Mkomazi, Lake Manyana, Rubondo Island, Serengeti, Tarangir. Arusha Park is located in close proximity to the city of Arusha - the northern center of safari in the country. The park has recently been expanded to include the Mount Meru Forest Reserve. Kilimanjaro Park, which has also recently received additional space, is designed to protect the highest point in Africa. Lake Manyara includes Lake Manyara, located along the rift wall. Mkomazi Park, located on the border with Kenya, is the youngest park in the country, founded in 2008. Rubondo Island in the southwestern part of Lake Victoria is home to the Rubondo Island National Park. The Serengeti National Park includes the Ngorongoro Crater. In the future, it is planned to increase the area of the park. Tarangire National Park is located on the Tarangire River.
Saadini Park is located in the northeast of the country on the coast of the Indian Ocean between the cities of Tanga and Dar es Salaam. To the east in the Udzungwa Mountains is the Udzungwa Mountains Park. On the northern coast of Lake Tanganyika in the western part of the country is the Gombe Stream National Park. Mahali Mountains Park is also located on the shore of the lake in the Mahali Mountains. Ruaha Park is located in the center of the country. After a recent increase in size, the park has become the largest in Tanzania. Katavi Park is located in the southwest of the country near Lake Rukva at the end of the rift valley. In the south of the country is Kitulo Park, also known as the Garden of the Gods. The issue of increasing the area of the park at the expense of the forests of Mount Rungwe is currently being considered. To the southeast are the Selous Nature Reserve and Mikumi Park.
Population of Tanzania
Population 38.860 million (October 2009 est.). In the country, only the city of Dar es Salaam has a population of more than 1 million people. Annual growth - 2%. Fertility - 4.5 births per woman. Infant mortality - 69 per 1000 births. Average duration life - 50 years for men, 53 years for women. Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - 6.2% (2007 estimate).
Ethnic composition - in the mainland - 99% blacks, mostly Bantu peoples (hehe, shamballa, sukuma, curia, ha, etc.), 1% - Asians (mostly Indians), whites, Arabs. In Zanzibar - mostly Arabs, Negroes and mestizos of Arab-Negro origin.
The official languages are Swahili and English, Arabic is widely spoken in Zanzibar, and there are many local Bantu languages in the mainland. Religions - in the mainland - Christians 30%, Muslims 35%, aboriginal cults 35%; Zanzibar is over 99% Muslim.
Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/
http://www.afri.su/countries/tanzania/
Before starting the story of my trip to the national parks of Tanzania, I want to say that based on my experiences, I came to the conclusion that everyone should visit the national parks of Tanzania at least twice - once as a child with their parents, and the second time as parent with their children.
So, let's start in order:
In Tanzania, I stopped in Moshi (Kilimanjaro Airport). This city is located right at the foot of the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro (5895 m). Therefore, if your plans, in addition to visiting parks, are to conquer the top of this mountain, then Moshi is the city from where you can optimally start your journey.
Tarangire National Park.
The first point of my trip was the Tarangire National Park, which is located in the north of the country, about 120 km from the city of Arusha. This park makes an indelible impression not only with rich flora, but also with a variety of animals and birds. The first thing that meets on the way of tourists is the huge baobabs towering above the tall grass.
Here you can see wildebeest, zebras, Thomson's gazelles, buffaloes, elands and cow antelope. This park has one of the largest elephant populations in Tanzania - about 6000. By the way, elephants make a very vivid impression, because you can watch them from a very short distance (from about 3 - 5 meters). Tarangire is home to about 300 species of birds. This is one of the few places in Africa where the tsetse fly is found. They survived after many years of man's struggle against them. By the way, tsetse flies are like our gadflies and also bite unpleasantly, but I will say that meeting her or being bitten by her is more an exception than a rule ...
After visiting Tarangire Park, my driver-guide brought me to the lodge for the night. Lodges are an exclusively African invention for travelers. Lodges are usually located in the territories of national parks and reserves in Africa, where safaris and trekking are traditionally held. Lodges are special places for tourists to stay, equipped on the bosom wildlife. Sometimes they are called ethno-hotels.
The conditions in the lodge are usually comfortable, food is provided on the spot. From an architectural point of view, this is a capital building, where all services, bars, restaurants, and a veranda for watching animals are concentrated. Guest rooms are usually located in separate bungalows. Lodges have been created specifically for travelers to enjoy the magnificent scenery and wildlife. Upon arrival, I was met by a whole delegation, consisting of managers and staff of this lodge. At the entrance I was offered a wet towel and a soft drink... To be honest, it's nice when you are expected and kindly greeted like a good old friend... I later said jokingly that everything was fine, but there weren't enough singing gypsies...)) In order not to dwell on loggia theme, I want to say that these are very comfortable hotel rooms and, depending on the cost of living, you can have not only a toilet and a shower, but also a jacuzzi ... I also stayed in such rooms. The cost of such a room is about $500 per day (an average room costs about $200). But I confess, when you go on a safari, this extra comfort makes the trip more enjoyable…
"Buffet" is fully adapted to European cuisine. In the evening, I was accompanied by an armed ranger from my room to the restaurant and back. This element of security is not selective, but mandatory for each visitor and is aimed at protecting visitors from wild animals ... Moreover, in Africa, the Sun rises around 6.00 in the morning, and at 18.30 it is already so dark, even gouge out your eye, and take into account. that all the lighting in the lodge and the heating of the water are realized through solar panels, the bulbs along the paths are very dim and illuminate only a small section of the path under your feet ... Therefore, an attendant with a flashlight is definitely not superfluous here ...)) And in conclusion, I want to warn you that safaris in the parks are not only an unforgettable experience, but also a good layer of dust after each day of the safari. Therefore, depending on the number of safari days, an additional 2-5 sets of outerwear (t-shirts, shirts) will definitely not interfere. If you are lucky with a travel company like me, then I had a refrigerator in the car, in which there was always chilled drinking water and a lunch box not tired by the Sun. And one more thing, some tourists, in order to save their money, stop for the night in specially designated places in tents. If in Russia it’s even exciting, then in Africa it can be the reason for a spoiled vacation ... I’ll explain why ... Firstly, you will have to carry all these tents on the roof of your jeep, which, by the way, opens and provides an opportunity for a better view of the area. But if there are things, then the view will be only through the windows of the car. Secondly, you will have to carry with you a specially trained Tanzanian chef who will prepare breakfasts, lunches and dinners for you, and this is at least the time that you take away from yourself, as well as additional luggage space for groceries for the duration of the safari …
Lake Manyara National Park.
The park is located 125 km west of the city of Arusha. The height of the park above sea level ranges from 960 to 1478 meters. The park is a narrow strip between the alkaline Lake Manyara in the east and the Gregory Rift in the west.
The main attraction of the park is Lake Manyara, the coastal zone of which is literally teeming with pink flamingos and other birds. This satiety is formed not only by the birds themselves, but also by their reflections from the surface of the water. The spectacle seen cannot be expressed in words, and the proverb about “it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times” refers precisely to this case ...
Almost all parks are dotted with termite mounds from one to three meters high.
The animal world is also rich and varied. The park is inhabited by numerous herds of elephants, giraffes, hippos, buffaloes and many other animals. Another attraction of the park are the hot springs… I checked with my own hand - hot water flows directly from the underground bins ...
I haven't experimented myself, but I think what to cook egg, putting it in this source will not take much time ... By the way, looking ahead, I will say after visiting the parks I was lucky to visit one of the lakes, which is heated by underground hot springs. Not only is the water very clear with a turquoise hue, but it also has comfortable temperature+27 - +29 degrees. This suggests that although the volcanoes in Tanzania are silent, their breath is everywhere here.
One more thing I would like to dwell on... For some reason, it is generally accepted that it is better not to visit parks during the rainy season... I will put it another way, the best time to visit parks is during the rainy season... Firstly, such rains as we used to see in Russia, which can pour for weeks like a bucket is not here. I saw rain twice in two weeks, the duration of which was about 10-15 minutes. The rest of the time the sun was shining. But meanwhile, in the parks, instead of burnt yellow grass, fresh greens of various shades appear, and numerous shrubs and trees begin to bloom.
Secondly, during the rainy season there are not so many tourists, therefore, the animals come closer to the roads that the safari cars can drive on, and there are also no problems with cheaper lodge rooms…
Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve.
Ngorongoro is a huge crater in Tanzania on the edge of the Serengeti savannah, which arose as a caldera as a result of the collapse of a large volcano about 2.5 million years ago. It is located northeast of Lake Eyasi and northwest of Lake Manyara.
The depth of the crater is 610 m. Its edges rise to 2286 m above sea level. The diameter of the Ngorongoro crater is from 17 to 21 km, its total area is approximately 265 km². At the bottom of the crater is Lake Magadi, famous for its flamingo population. The Ngorongoro Crater is unique in that over the years it has developed its own habitat for many species of animals that are unable to get out.
About 25 thousand animals live in the crater, it has the highest density of predators in all of Africa. Especially common in Ngorongoro are zebras, buffaloes and various types of antelopes such as wildebeest, eland and gazelles. They are hunted by lions and leopards living in the crater. In addition to them, black rhinos, elephants and, which is unusual for these latitudes, hippos also live in Ngorongoro.
Large migratory streams of animals from the Serengeti often pass through the Ngorongoro Crater.
The mountain range encircling this park reminded me very much of the motives of Vladimir Obruchev's book "Sannikov Land". This is one of the few places on the planet where you can see a live rhino. I must say right away that this is a rarity, but there are always chances, because. rhinoceroses try to stay away from people and often just sleep. Ngorongoro is perhaps one of the few parks where animals are not afraid of humans at all and come so close that in some cases the photographer can do without a telephoto.
This is the place where you can see with your own eyes the direct process of lions hunting for buffaloes, zebras or antelopes.
The relief of the crater is one large steppe, along which whirlwinds of tornadoes glide. The wetland is constantly floating and this floating is visible even to the naked eye. A very strong impression is left by huge rounded stone boulders, which are scattered not only along the crater itself, but also throughout the Serengeti Park. Looking at them, you understand what power the volcano had, throwing out these multi-ton boulders from its bowels over great distances.
Serengeti National Park.
The Serengeti ecosystem is one of the oldest and best preserved on Earth. More than 80 percent of the Serengeti is occupied by protected areas - the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Reserve in Tanzania, the Masai Mara Reserve in Kenya, and others. The Serengeti is located at an altitude of 920 to 1850 m above sea level and its landscape varies from a grassy plain in the south to center and extensive woodland to the west.
More than 4.5 million wild ungulates live in the Serengeti (antelopes, zebras, buffaloes, rhinos, giraffes, hippos), as well as elephants, lions, cheetahs, leopards, hyenas, etc.
The great animal migration made the strongest impression on me. In particular, I observed the migration of wildebeests. You can imagine how from horizon to horizon a column of thousands of herds of these animals makes the transition from the Serengeti Park (Tanzania) to Kenya.
They are looking for new pastures and places for watering during the dry season, for this they travel long distances, risking their lives. For myself, I called the Serengeti park an animal kindergarten ... Apparently, this place is very favorable for feeding the cubs of various animals. Entire colonies of hippos, lions and wild boar(pumba).
This is a place where giraffes and elephants are in great abundance, not to mention monkeys, antelopes and zebras, of which there are simply a huge number in every park. Of all the parks, this is perhaps the only one in which yellow is replaced by green. At the same time, various shades of green give the landscapes unusually beautiful views.
Stratovolcano Oldoinyo-Lengai.
Oldoinyo Lengai is a stratovolcano in northern Tanzania. One of the youngest and possibly the most active volcano in East Africa. It has a unique composition of lava. In the language of the local Maasai tribe, the name of the volcano means "mountain of God."
It is located near Lake Natron and is part of the volcanic system of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa. Height above sea level - 2962m.
Already at the entrance to this volcano, the terrain is changing right before our eyes. Steppe straight roads are replaced by mountain serpentines.
The air temperature due to the proximity of the volcano begins to rise. I want to note that the extreme activity of this volcano was recorded in 2013. In the foothills of this volcano lies a valley with Lake Natron, which is also a habitat for pink flamingos. Despite the activity of this volcano, a large number of Masai people live in this valley. The Masai are a semi-nomadic African indigenous people who have almost completely preserved their traditional way of life. Due to the popularity of ethnic tourism, the Maasai have become one of the attractions of Tanzania.
Many tourists get acquainted with the life of these tribes with great interest. Maasai, spoiled by the attention of strangers, also enjoy this and if you want to photograph them, then get ready to pay $ 1 for photographing one Masai. The number of shots is unlimited. In the Oldoinyo-Lengai region, everything is much simpler. The local manager of the lodge negotiates with the head of the Masai tribe, pays him $ 15-20 and you are brought to one of the settlements (30 people) you can take pictures of anyone and as much as you like. These are not decorative settlements, but real ones. As you leave the valley, there will be three checkpoints on your way where you will need to pay government tax. It is $15, but if your driver-guide knows how to bargain, then there is a chance to save and pay a smaller amount. In Tanzania, this is par for the course.
In conclusion of my story, I cannot keep silent about tanzanites. The mineral is mined only in the province of Arusha in northern Tanzania. Tanzanite is found in blue, purple and yellow-brown colors, the latter, after heat treatment, also become blue-violet and are used in jewelry.
At the stones good quality color ultramarine or sapphire blue. Under electric light, it acquires an amethyst-violet hue. When heated to 400-500 C, brownish and yellowish hues disappear and the blueness of the stone deepens.
And finally, I will say that tanzanites have not only a very beautiful dark blue color, but also the same beautiful price ...)) average cost One carat of tanzanite ranges from $400 to $500. Here the price depends on the color, size and cut of the stone, as well as on your ability to bargain. And it is necessary to bargain ...)) Stones are approximately one to four carats in size. If you want to buy a nugget, the price varies from $25 to $100.
If you do decide to shoot people in Tanzania, it's best to ask them about it. Their native language is Swahili, but many speak English well. In Swahili, "I want to take a picture of you" will sound like this: "Mimi naOmba kupIga piche." The staff at the lodge is interested in Russian words with pleasure. That's how I taught them a new word "crackers", which is very appropriate for their very tasty mashed soups. Of course, some Russian-speaking tourists also leave their language mark in Tanzania, so “moving your rolls” is one of the “masterpieces” of the Russian language manifestation heard by my sons ...))
- the country is not very big: in the world it ranks 30th, and in Africa - 13th. However, here, perhaps, as nowhere else, much attention is paid to ecology and the preservation of nature in its original form. National parks Tanzania - and there are as many as 15 of them! - attract the largest number of tourists to the country - the state is considered one of the best for ecotourism in the world. They are operated by the Tanzania National Park Service, which employs over 1,600 people.
The oldest parksIn 1960, it was discovered, famous for its crater lakes, large forests and alpine meadows. More than 200 species of mammals, about 120 reptiles and more than four hundred species of birds live here. The same year was the year of foundation and one of the most famous reserves in the world -, most of which, especially during the rainy period, is occupied by the same name. This park is famous for its abundance of birds, including pink flamingos, as well as unique lions that climb trees.
B can also be attributed to the oldest - it received the status of a national park in 1964. Its main attraction is the flooded meadows of Mkata, vegetable world which is very rich and interesting. Cannes live here - the largest antelopes in the world. In the same year, it began its work and, which is a transit territory through which representatives of the fauna of the southern and eastern parts countries. It is home to the largest population of elephants in East Africa. In 1968, it opened, which is by far the smallest in the country (its area is only 52 sq. Km). The park is home to a large number of different primate species; about a hundred chimpanzees alone live here. The park is running a project to research these primates.
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In the next 30 years, such Tanzania parks as, and Rubondo Island were created. Katavi Park occupies the third place in terms of area (it is 4471 sq. km); swamps, seasonal lakes, as well as meadows and forests are located in this territory. Tarangire attracts visitors not only great variety animals and birds, but also ancient rock paintings. The snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro, the heart of the reserve, is calling card Tanzania; about 10 thousand tourists annually strive to conquer the top of this highest mountain in Africa.
Mahali Mountains, like Gombe Stream, is home to a large number of chimpanzees, colobus and other primates that live in humid forests; antelopes live in the dry forests of miombo, which occupy about 75% of the park's area. Rubondo Island National Park occupies Rubondo Island and several other smaller islands; This is a favorite vacation spot for lovers of fishing. Most of the reserve is occupied moist forests where many orchids grow. The most exotic inhabitants of the reserve are the sitatunga water antelope. The Udzungwa Mountains are home to rare birds, many of which are endangered, and six varieties of primates, two of which are endemic.
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In the 21st century, several national parks were also opened in Tanzania: in 2002, Kitulo Park began its work, bearing the title of "Garden of God" due to the wide variety of plant life: more than 30 species of endemic Tanzanian plants grow here and several species of endemics of the local area, as well as 45 species of orchids and many other plants. Saadani Park, opened in 2005, is the only park on the coast. It is famous for its mangroves. In 2008, on the border with Kenya, a
Description of the presentation
Project On the topic “Creating a National Park in Tanzania” Completed by: Student 7 “b” class Prasolov Alexander MAOU secondary school “school number 8”.
1) Purpose: creation of a park for the protection of animals, plants, their habitat, creation of a place for recreation and education of people.
2) Location: The park is located in the city of Kilwa Masoko on the coast of the Indian Ocean. This location allows us to organize the most interesting sea excursions for tourists from all over the world. Guides speak 8 languages of the world: Arabic, English, French, Russian, German, Chinese, Italian, Suhaili. For those visitors who do not speak any of these languages, universal audio guides are provided.
Peculiarities geographical location Tanzania is a country in East Africa. It consists of the mainland (tanganyika), washed by the Indian Ocean from the east, and the large coastal islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia. Tanzania is part of the British Commonwealth. Most of the country is located on the East African Plateau. The territory of Tanzania captures part of the largest lakes in Africa - Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called Baikal's twin) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania. The highest mountains in Africa, Kilimanjaro (5895 m). The total length of land borders is 3,402 km, of which with Burundi - 451 km, with Kenya - 769 km, Malawi - 475 km, with Mozambique - 756 km, with Rwanda - 217 km, with Uganda - 396 km and with Zambia - 338 km. Equatorial monsoon. The mountainous regions and the southeastern part of the country have all the signs tropical climate, which is determined by the features of the relief. Temperature regime on the territory of Tanzania is quite homogeneous - medium winter temperature stays around the mark +22 C (in mountainous areas - +12 -20 C), the average monthly summer temperature ranges from +25 C in the south of the country to +27 C in the north to +24 in mountainous areas. The best time to visit the country is from June to September, but you should carefully choose the time of arrival depending on the areas you plan to visit. When choosing the time of the trip, you should be guided by information about the migration of animals, as well as the hunting season, which is usually closed from April 1 to June 30. .
Giraffe is the most tall mammal in the world. Individual males grow to a height of 5.7 meters, of which 2.4 meters falls on the neck. At the same time, their weight reaches almost 2 tons. Females are somewhat smaller - up to 4 meters in height and weighing around 1200 kg. Zebra is a large animal of the horse family, common on the slopes and plateaus of South Africa and Namibia at an altitude of up to 2000 meters above sea level. There are two subspecies, the range of which is highly fragmented.
The lion is one of the four representatives of the panther genus, which belongs to the subfamily of big cats. The lion is the second largest living big cat, second only to the tiger. The weight of male lions sometimes reaches 250 kg. The impala antelope is an inhabitant of the southeastern part of the African continent. Because of the graceful camp, for a long time she was ranked among the gazelles, but studies have shown that she is much more closely related to the bubals.
The leopard is one of the largest predatory mammals family of cats belonging to the genus Panthera. The leopard is a large animal with a muscular body, a rounded head, thick short hair and a long tail. All species of leopards have a characteristic coloration consisting of a dirty yellow background and black solid or ring-shaped spots distributed throughout the body.
The cheetah is the fastest land mammal. It develops a speed equal to 112 -120 kilometers per hour (almost 75 miles per hour) in a minimum period of time. The cheetah has the ability to develop a speed of 100 kilometers per hour in 3 seconds. This feline is one of the few that have semi-retractable claws. Vervetki - separate view monkeys of the genus green monkeys, the monkey family. Vervets live in East Africa south of the Sahara Desert. In addition, they are found in the southern part of the African continent.
8) Protection of the project 1) Significance of the project for society: viewing various animals and plants that people did not know about or did not see live, and would like to see. 2) 2) The main problem solved by me: what animals and plants will be protected in the park. 3) 3) I was looking for those animals that live only in Tanzania 4) 4) What result I got: various animals and plants now live in my park, are studied and protected. 5) 5) Having done this project, I can do subsequent, various projects related to animals and plants.Parks of Tanzania: national parks, reserves, protected areas of Tanzania, natural parks.
Any unesco
The national parks of Tanzania - Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, Ruaha, Tarangire and others - are world-renowned centers of eco-tourism. Numerous reserves, the most famous of which are Selous, Ngorongoro and Rungwa, preserve unique species of flora and fauna of equatorial Africa. The Selous Reserve, Ruaa and Mikumi parks make Tanzania the center of numerous safaris and air tours, as well as the film set for hundreds of films. In total, Tanzania has 12 national parks, the Ngorongoro Reserve, 13 wildlife reserves, 38 protected areas and about 120 national cultural sites.
Arusha National Park, one of the smallest in Tanzania, is located only 32 km from the city. Its main "must sees" are Momela Lake, Mount Meru and Ngurdoto Crater. About 400 species of birds nest in the park - both local and migratory, and from the animals here you can meet baboons, elephants, buffaloes, giraffes, hippos, leopards, hyenas, zebras and many species of antelopes.
In the Serengeti, you can see 35 species of large mammals, including the so-called "big five" - elephant, rhinoceros, lion, leopard and buffalo. The Ngorongoro Wildlife Sanctuary is a UNESCO World Heritage Site natural heritage peace." In the southwest it is bounded by Lake Eyasi and in the north by the Gol Mountains. The park is home to gazelles, buffaloes, elands, warthogs, lions, hyenas, cheetahs and leopards. Even in the reserve you can observe more than 100 species of birds that do not live in the Serengeti.
Tarangire National Park is located on the eastern shore of Lake Maniara and covers an area of 2600 square meters. km. Tarangire is famous for its abundance of wild animals. Lake Manyara National Park is located between the alkaline lake of the same name and the rocks of the Great African Rift. The most entertaining sight in the park is the lions climbing the trees.
Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest single mountain in the world, which is also a dormant but not extinct volcano. Climbing Kilimanjaro can be done throughout the year, but it is best to do it from August to October and from January to March. The main attractions of this peak are the volcanic centers of the Shire in the west, Mawenzi in the east, and snow-white Kibo in the center.
In total, Tanzania has 12 national parks, the Ngorongoro Reserve, 13 wildlife reserves, 38 protected areas and about 120 national cultural sites.
South of Tanzania
In the south of Tanzania are the most untouched nature reserves and reserves in Africa. The most famous among them are the Selous Reserve and the Ruaha National Park.
The Selous is the largest protected wildlife area in Africa with the largest elephant population in Tanzania. Lions, impalas, giraffes, antelopes, baboons, zebras, buffaloes, hippos and wild dogs are also often found here. The nature in the reserve is very diverse: from savannahs to forests, from meadows to rocks cut through by the Rufizhi River and its tributaries Kilambero and Luwegu. The Kilombero River is home to predatory tiger fish and amazing vanda catfish with primitive lungs that allow them to move from one reservoir to another directly by land. The park organizes walking and car safaris, as well as boat trips. The best time for them is the dry season from June to October, when thirst drives wild animals from secluded places to the rivers.
Ruaha is a relatively inaccessible wild park, which more than compensates for the road difficulties of travelers who have reached it with the amazing diversity of its plant and animal life. big river Ruaha protects and nourishes the evergreen forests and swamps, and it is thanks to her that a huge population of elephants lives in the park.
Mahale Mountains National Park
In Western Tanzania, on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, there are two nature reserves: the Mahale Mountains National Park and the Gombe Park, famous large populations chimpanzees and almost the same number of scientists who study their behavior in the natural environment.
The small Mahale Mountains National Park is 120 kilometers away. south of the city Kigoma, on a peninsula in the eastern part of Lake Tanganyika. In the center of the reserve rises a mountain range, the height of which reaches 2462 m above sea level. Among the representatives of the fauna here, it is worth highlighting a huge population of chimpanzees, about a thousand individuals. In the north, a tourist has every chance to meet elephants, buffaloes and other animals, and in the southern part of the park there are many species of antelopes, lions and giraffes. In the park, you can take a walking safari through the mountains and along the shores of Lake Tanganyika.
northern circle
The northern circle is the most developed, but at the same time the wildest. His route covers many parks and reserves of Northern Tanzania, the most famous of which are the Ngorongoro Reserve, Mount Kilimanjaro, the Serengeti, Tarangire, Arusha and Lake Maniara parks. The Serengeti ecosystem consists of the Masai Mara in Kenya and the western part of the Ngorongoro Park, the Serengeti National Park proper and the Maswa Park in Tanzania. Animal migration goes in a circle, starting in the Masai Mara and then clockwise to the southeast.
A specific route through the objects should be chosen, focusing on the movement of the rainy area: the animals move after the moisture. Wild boars, zebras, gazelles and some species of antelopes migrate over long distances. They are followed by predators - lions and hyenas. Giraffes and elephants travel much shorter distances.
- Is there a safari in Tanzania where you can go off the road to take unusual photos
the very best
kilimanjaro
"Crown of Tanzania" - Mount Kilimanjaro (from Swahili - "mountain that sparkles"). It is impossible not to recognize it - rising directly above the flat plains, covered with a snow cap at the top, it has become a real symbol of the country.
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Ruaha
Ruaha National Park
Today it is one of the most popular and visited nature reserves in the country. In addition, Ruaha is the second largest national park in Tanzania. It got its name from the Great Ruaha River, which flows among the mountain gorges along its eastern border, and flows into the Rufiji River.
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Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika lies within the East African Rift - one of the greatest geological phenomena on Earth. This lake is the second in the world after Baikal in terms of depth (1470 m). And just like Baikal, it is distinguished by exceptionally clear water, which allows you to see the bottom at a depth of up to 33 meters.
