What does the abbreviation PSD mean? Its decoding is incomprehensible to people far from construction. In our article, we will talk about design and estimate documentation, analyze the meaning of this concept and the composition of the documents included there. This topic will be of interest to those who are planning the construction of individual housing or are simply interested in construction topics.
What is PSD. Decryption
Any construction requires a lot of paper for industrial purposes. Under (this is the decoding of the design and estimate documentation) is understood the list of those documents that are established in the regulatory order to ensure the implementation of the project and the disclosure of its essence.
All of it consists of materials that have a textual form or exist in the form of diagrams (drawings). Its task is to determine all types of solutions - architectural, functional-technological, constructive, engineering - in order to ensure the process of construction (reconstruction) of objects or their parts, as well as for the purpose of carrying out major repairs.
This definition is contained in the provisions of the Town Planning Code (CC) of the Russian Federation. Throughout the life cycle of a facility being built or being repaired, design and estimate documentation is the most important moment that a construction organization deals with. The beginning of any process of construction, reconstruction or repair is the development, coordination and examination of design and estimate documentation.
When is it required and when is it not?
Its presence is absolutely necessary in the case of construction, reconstruction or repair. Exceptions include IZHS objects (residential buildings, standing separately, having no more than three floors, the purpose of which is the residence of one family). In this case, it is not required by law to draw up a design and estimate documentation, but at the initiative of the developer, it can be prepared.
For reference: according to the definition of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, buildings (structures), as well as structures at the stage of construction in progress, are considered capital construction objects, excluding temporary buildings, kiosks, sheds, etc.
What is included in these concepts
Buildings include building systems that have volume, consisting of above-ground and (or) underground parts, which include premises, engineering networks and systems. Their purpose is the residence and activities of people, the location of production, the storage of products or the maintenance of animals.
Construction - a system of volumetric, planar or linear type. It can also consist of ground, above ground, as well as underground parts. It consists of load-bearing and enclosing building structures designed to perform various types of production processes, store goods or products, and temporarily stay.
As a general concept for buildings and structures, a term such as a structure is used. Sometimes it is of secondary importance. This refers to outbuildings located mainly in summer cottages or intended for keeping pets or for auxiliary purposes.
Design and estimate documentation for construction: legislative framework
A contract (in other words, a work contract) is that important document that regulates the relationship between the customer and the contractor (construction organization). It determines the required scope of work and the conditions for their production, including the cost of design and estimate documentation. In the contract (its appendices) there is usually a link to the list of project documentation available for this object. It also defines liability for non-compliance with the conditions.
Even in the absence of such references, the contractor must clearly understand that he is legally bound to comply with any design decisions during construction. Article 743 of the Civil Code unequivocally instructs him to strictly adhere to the technical documentation that determines the content and scope of work, as well as other requirements, including estimates for repairs or construction.
If there are no other indications in the contract, it is assumed that absolutely all the work specified in and estimates will be performed. According to the law, the contractor is liable for deviations from the requirements provided for in the design and estimate documentation. If during construction additional unaccounted for work is found, the need for their implementation is negotiated separately with the preparation of the appropriate estimate documentation.
Deviation from the parameters of the construction or repair object specified in the project documentation is allowed only on the basis of a newly approved version with changes made in the proper order (Article 52 of the Town Planning Code).
Composition of the PSD - decoding of the mandatory list
The requirements for what should be contained in each section of the design and estimate documentation are determined at the legislative level. This is also regulated by the Town Planning Code. All major activities (construction, reconstruction, repair work) must be accompanied by a strictly standardized type and number of technical documents, the list of which is determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, adopted in February 2008.
Also, this information contains. The said Regulation applies to both industrial and non-industrial facilities, and also applies to linear facilities (pipelines, railways and roads, power lines, etc.)
The above provision subdivides all design and estimate documentation into design and working. It does not mean separate design stages, but various types of technical documents. According to accepted standards, the design is carried out in one or two stages. The meaning of the second option is in the phased preparation of the documents necessary for the construction.
What are these stages
The first stage consists of choosing the type of object, working out its main decisions, both architectural and planning, and constructive. Also, the method of construction and the schematic diagrams of all the main technological processes are selected, decisions regarding engineering equipment are being worked out, a summary estimate is being carried out, and the main issues regarding the organization of construction production are being resolved.
After development, the documentation is sent for state expertise with an overall assessment and the necessary comments. Then the designer eliminates the identified shortcomings and submits the project for consideration or approval to the customer (investor).
The second design stage consists of the development of working documentation (RD). It is here that decisions made previously are clarified and detailed. All necessary working drawings, estimates of a local nature and other documents necessary for direct production are drawn up.
Which method is better
Working documentation (RD) refers directly to drawings, as well as textual material, the use of which is provided for in the conditions of the construction site. As a rule, the documentation developed at the first stage is not transferred to the direct executor.
The advantage of two-stage design lies in the minimum costs in case of need to rework the design documentation (if the overall solution turned out to be unsuccessful). Currently, this design method is the main one.
In contrast, in the case of one-stage design, it is customary to prepare the entire volume of design and estimate documentation immediately. It contains all questions, both general and specific. This option is convenient in the case of a small amount of design work, for simple objects or as a standard project for mass and repeated use.
The role of working documentation
The task of the working documentation as part of the design and estimate documentation is to provide the developed technical, architectural and technological solutions in the construction process. The sequence of development is not strictly regulated by the Regulations. That is, it is possible to execute it either simultaneously with the preparation of the entire design and estimate documentation, or after that.
The composition, volume and content are determined by the customer (developer), depending on what degree of detail he needs. A complete set of design and estimate documentation for major repairs or construction consists of design and working documentation that complement one another. Consider what is included in each of them.
Main sections of project documentation
It consists of an explanatory note, a construction organization project, fire prevention measures, estimates for repairs or construction, and other main sections of the organization of the construction process. As part of the DD - drawings necessary for work with documents and specifications. Based on it, the adopted design decisions are implemented.
The above Regulation establishes the mandatory composition of the design and estimate documentation in the form of 12 sections - an explanatory note, a land plot planning scheme, architectural solutions, as well as structural and space-planning, information about engineering equipment and engineering networks with a list of relevant measures and necessary solutions for power supply, water supply and sewerage, heating networks, heating, ventilation with air conditioning, as well as communication networks, gas supply systems and a subsection concerning technological solutions.
The remaining sections of the project documentation relate to the content of the construction organization project (demolition, dismantling), the list of measures for the preservation of the environment and fire prevention measures. Below we provide a sample design and estimate documentation - an agreement for the development of documentation (1 sheet).
Minor sections
Additional sections provide for measures to ensure access for disabled people and compliance with the necessary requirements for equipping facilities under construction with devices for metering the consumption of energy resources.
One of the most important sections (number 11) is the estimate documentation for the facility under construction. The final section includes everything else that is not included in the main list and provided for by law.
If we are talking about construction, then 10 similar sections can be found in the design documentation. Their content - from the design of the right of way, technological and design solutions of the linear facility, together with the buildings and structures included in its infrastructure, to the project for the organization of construction work with the need for demolition (dismantling) of existing structures.
Similarly, measures related to environmental protection and fire safety are envisaged. Of course, among the final and most important sections there is an estimate for construction work.
About the cost of PSD
The cost of construction and installation work is influenced by a huge number of various factors - from the region of construction, the size of the facility being built to the specific rates of the contractor. Before drawing up an estimate, a list of works is determined and the required volumes are calculated. To do this, it is desirable to have the most calculated specification, which is not always completed in full and on time.
Having such a document, the specialist will make an estimate without much difficulty. In the most general case (for any estimated volume), the cost of work according to the calculation of design and estimate estimates in terms of price will be 10% of the total cost of all work. At the same time, the minimum amount that the development of any document will cost starts from 3000 rubles.
Drawing up an estimate can go according to the items listed in the specification or based on a certain amount of construction. In the latter case, the approximate cost of OCI can be presented in the form of the table below.
This option is also possible: there are necessary design solutions, but there is no certainty on the number of proposed positions. In this case, budgeting services may be specified in the following form:
If the construction is carried out in stages
If necessary, in the case of the initiative of the customer, project documentation can be developed for each of the individual stages of the construction or reconstruction process (Article 48 of the Town Planning Code). This should be specified in the design brief.
The volume of project documentation for each stage of construction is developed taking into account the need for its implementation. The entire composition and content of its sections must meet the requirements established by the main Regulations.
