Sequoia is a monotypic genus of woody plants of the Cypress family. The natural range of the genus is the Pacific coast North America. Individual specimens of sequoia reach a height of more than 110 m - these are among the tallest trees on Earth.
The only species is Sequoia evergreen, or Red Sequoia.
History of origin
Today, scientists have concluded that sequoia appeared on Earth 140 million years ago. This is proven by the found and studied fossils and other geological deposits, on the basis of which it is possible to calculate the approximate period of the appearance of a huge natural creature on Earth.
In ancient times, sequoia spread to territories that are today known as France, Japan and even the New Siberian Islands. The giant tree existed already in the Jurassic period, when the planet was inhabited by dinosaurs, and even then forests occupied vast areas in the northern hemisphere. According to experts, 50 million years ago, due to the fact that the temperature on Earth dropped significantly, glacial period. The giant sequoia has stopped spreading across the planet and its range has greatly decreased. After warming, these trees remained at the same stage of development and remained growing in only one region.
The first to discover giant sequoias were the Spaniards, who in 1769 sent an expedition to the area of present-day San Francisco. Mammoth trees got their name - sequoia - from the linguist and botanist S. Endlifer, who was the first to call them “red trees”. Initially, no one knew what to do with these huge centenarians. They were practically not used, this is due to the fact that strong trunks were almost impossible to fell, since neither an ax nor a saw could take them. On top of that, the wood turned out to be absolutely unsuitable for construction, such as pine or other conifers. The giant sequoia forests were even destroyed in 1848. By the time more than half of the trees had already been destroyed, the US authorities decided to begin protecting the amazing creatures of nature.
Description of sequoia
Sequoia is an evergreen coniferous tree from the cypress family. It grows in height 90 meters (35-story building) and higher, and in width (measured as the diameter of the trunk at the base) up to 7 meters, weighing more than 1000 tons. To transport one such felled tree you will need a train of 60 cars. Sequoias live 2-2.5 thousand years or longer.
The trunk is straight and even, rising like a giant column. The crown has the shape of a wide cone, the branches grow horizontally to the ground or with a slight downward slope. The red rust-colored bark (for this reason, sequoia is sometimes called mahogany) is very thick - up to 30 cm, but light, fibrous, porous, so it absorbs moisture well. The needles grow in bunches, are up to 2.5-3 cm long, and can be of different colors - dark green, with a blue or silver tint. The cones are small, up to 3 cm long, oval in shape. Sequoia is a monoecious plant, which means that male and female cones grow on the same tree.
Sequoia only tolerates cold poorly; at -20°C it can die, although it once survived the ice age...
Sequoia propagation
A mature sequoia tree produces a huge number of seeds, but only a tiny fraction of them germinate successfully, and even those that make it through the ground are forced to fight for their lives. The fact is that young shoots branch along their entire length, but the older they become, the more lower branches they lose. Thus, the tree forms a strong dome that absolutely does not allow daylight to pass through. The giant sequoia forests do not allow anything to grow under this green canopy. Therefore, young shoots have to struggle with low light.
Use of sequoia
High performance and beautiful appearance make it possible to use this wood anywhere: for external and internal work, in construction, furniture, turning industry, for the manufacture of facing and decorative cladding. In the USA, it is used to make poles and sleepers, various supporting parts, street benches, stairs, finishing panels, window frames, jambs, doors, interior lining of trailers, carriages, yacht cabins, wooden shingles, and paper.
Together with the giant sequoiadendron, it is one of the tallest trees on the planet (reaching a height of over 100 m and a trunk diameter of 8.5-9 m. An evergreen coniferous tree of the Taxodiaceae family. A monotypic genus represented by a single species. Named in honor of Sequoia (1770 - 1843) - an Indian leader Cherokee tribe, inventor of the Cherokee syllabary.
The fossil evidence suggests that giant sequoias existed during the Jurassic period and were widespread throughout the northern hemisphere during the late Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. The remnants of forests with their participation, which once occupied vast spaces, are now preserved only in a limited area of western North America. One hundred and fifty million years ago, these trees grew throughout the continent.
Sequoia sempervirens general form mature tree
Sequoia forests were first discovered by Europeans on the coast Pacific Ocean in 1769. By the time the loggers arrived in the 19th century, they occupied an area of 8,000 sq. km. By the early 20th century, most of these forests had been cleared. Now they can only be found in California and Southern Oregon.
Description: The sequoia is probably the tallest tree on earth, with the exception of references to the unusually tall eucalyptus trees in Western Australia, and references to Douglas flea (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in historical times, reaching more than 120 m, which were higher than any redwood trees. It is likely that the tallest coast redwoods were the first victims of the axe, so it is difficult to say what the tallest tree of this species was in early historical times.
Sequoia sempervirens "Hyperion"
Today's tallest sequoia, named Hyperion, was discovered in the summer of 2006 in Redwood National Park north of San Francisco. The tree reached a height of 115.5 meters. Most trees are over 60 m in height, many are over 90 m with a trunk diameter of 3-4.6 m (maximum 9 m).
It ranks second in height after sequoia. Douglassia or Menzies's Pseudo-tsuga . The tallest living Pseudohemlock of Menzies reaches 99.4 m in height. A related species does not reach a height of more than 100 m, it is somewhat shorter and has a thicker trunk than the sequoia.
Sequoia sempervirens - young tree
The crown of the sequoia is dense and wide at a young age, later open, irregular, narrow-conical, formed by branches growing horizontally or with a slight downward slope. Root system consists of shallow, widely spreading lateral roots. The trunk is encased in a thick, fibrous, relatively soft, fire-resistant bark. When you touch it, your palm seems to sink into the wood, creating unusual sensations. The bark is hard-fibrous, deeply furrowed, red-brown in color, about 35 cm thick.
Young shoots grow slightly to the sides and upwards. The branches are thin, dark green. The leaves are biseriate, they are flat, strongly appressed, linear or linear-lanceolate, with obvious annual growth constrictions. The leaves are 15-25 mm long, elongated in young trees in the shady lower part of the crown, or scale-like 5-10 mm long in the upper crown of old trees.
Sequoia sempervirens - flowering cone
It becomes dusty at the end of winter, the seeds ripen after 8-9 months. Anthers almost spherical to ovoid, 2-5 mm are located singly on short terminal or axillary stems. Female cones are ovoid, oblong to spherical, 12-35 mm long, reddish-brown in color, composed of 15-25 spirally twisted woody scales, with many flat, are located singly at the ends of leaf branches. They are light brown, 3-6 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, flat, lens-shaped, with two narrow leathery wings, spilling out when the cone dries and opens. Shoots with 2 (rarely 4) cotyledons.
Sequoia sempervirens - young female cones
Ecology: It forms fairly extensive forest areas on a narrow strip of the Pacific coast in the United States, from Southwestern Oregon to the Santa Lucia Range in California (at an altitude of 600-900 m), on a strip about 750 km long and 8 to 75 km wide. Sometimes the trees grow close to the shore, sometimes they climb to a height of up to 920 m. Sequoia loves the humidity that sea air brings with it, so its distribution is limited to coastal areas (within 60 km from the sea) in a zone of heavy fog.
Sequoia sempervirens - male cones
The breed has an increased ability to absorb moisture from the air. The tallest and oldest trees grow in gorges and deep ravines, where all year round streams can reach humid air. Trees growing above the fog layer (above 700 m) are shorter and smaller in size due to drier, windier and cooler growing conditions. Prefers well-drained, fresh alluvial soils, where it forms pure stands or grows with Pseudotsuga menziesii,sitka spruce And (R. sitchensis And Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ).
Redwoods have impressive height growth, with young trees sometimes growing at a rate of more than 1 m per year. This property places strong competitive pressure on associated conifers. To keep up with growth, some of the tallest and narrowest individuals have formed in the redwood grove. Pseudotsuga menziesii And Sitka spruce (P.itchensis) , reaching heights of over 90 m. Per unit area, redwood forests have the highest biomass loads of any ecosystem on Earth.
Sequoia sempervirens - young shoots
In nature, this breed creates unique forest biocenoses with rather complex animal and plant communities. Young trees branch in all directions, but with age the lower branches fall off and a closed canopy forms at the top. It practically does not allow light to reach the ground; as a result, the undergrowth in the sequoia forest is rather poorly developed. Only ferns and other shade-loving plants can grow here, along with rare young sequoias.
Sequoia sempervirens - immature cones
A mature tree produces many seeds, but only a small portion of them germinate successfully, and those that do germinate must struggle with low light. Under natural conditions, such slow reproduction would be quite sufficient, since trees can live for 3,000 years, but with more active exploitation of the forest, young trees do not appear quickly enough to compensate for the felling. In such a forest 60 m from the ground, life is relatively impoverished.
Sequoia sempervirens - old bud
This is largely a consequence of vegetative self-reproduction after fire damage. The tree can be completely destroyed by fire, after which it quickly regenerates from a clump of clonal stems. In some cases, a single tree can have more than a hundred of these stems, essentially creating a forest of one tree. The surfaces of the forks and pockets within this structure create water storage tanks and promote increased biological activity in the soil, as well as providing habitat for a variety of mammals, birds, amphibians and a huge variety of arthropods.
Among the list of “fun facts” is that young growth after a fire receives carbohydrates, water and nutrients from a common network of fused roots from trees not damaged by the fire, which allows the redwood to displace other conifers and regenerate even in deep shade under its own canopy. This also explains the appearance of so-called "white sequoias", which have no chlorophyll in their leaves and rely entirely on root connections to photosynthetic trees.
Sequoia trees have a unique combination of age, size and weight that makes these trees the largest and longest-lived creatures present on planet Earth today. The giant sequoia is second in life expectancy only to bristlecone pines, which are found in the arid Sierra Nevada mountains. Many trees live up to 2000 years - this is a long time. The oldest known tree cut has 2,267 growth rings.
The question arises: can redwood trees live forever? I guess, yes. There is little evidence to support the existence of senescence in these conifers, and all very old trees can live many times longer. In fact, there are factors that determine longevity environment, which age and kill trees. When a tree has resistance to these factors, or when the factors are weakly expressed, the tree can reach a venerable age of 3000 years or more. Environmental factors represent a statistical inevitability.
Sequoia sempervirens - old tree trunk
Old trees die mainly from the combined adverse effects of certain fungi, wind, fire or floods. The most common mortality in redwoods is due to stem or root rot, which leaves the tree vulnerable. Trees are susceptible to windfall due to the large windage of the crown with poorly developed or rot-damaged roots. The health of such trees never improves and, as a rule, worsens. The wind eventually breaks or uproots the tree during a big storm. This happens especially often in swampy soils, when, due to flooding, the friction between the roots and the soil decreases.
This is one of the few trees adapted to forest fires. A tree is not afraid of fire, but frequent fires can kill with repetition: one fire leaves a scar in the thick bark, the next one widens the opening, where fungi will subsequently settle, attacking the core, so that ultimately the tree will fall. In culture, as a result of artificial plantings of the 19th and 20th centuries, there are small groves of Sequoia evergreen and its single specimens in Europe and Asia, usually in special botanical gardens and arboretums (for example in Belgium).
In Russia it is found in Western Transcaucasia, in Ukraine in South Coast Crimea. Three fruit-bearing trees at the limit of the cultural area grow in Transcarpathia (Mukachevo, Berezinka arboretum). Can be grown in USDA zones 7-10 (Freeze hardiness between -17.7°C and -12.1°C) Winter hardiness increases with age. Thus, the experiment of introduction into forest crops in Ukraine in Transcarpathia) showed the result of tolerance of lower winter temperatures. Mature 30 m trees in zone 6b/7a in forest conditions tolerate periodic short drops to -23.2°C without damage.
Sequoia sempervirens - underside of leaves
In BS im. Fomina in Kyiv grows as a wide, squat bush, periodically it freezes heavily but grows back. For successful introduction to more northern regions, it requires lateral lighting, the most protected locations with a favorable microclimate, moderately moist, well-drained, permeable soils and high air humidity. In general, it is not picky about soils; it does not tolerate soaking soils or dry calcareous soils. Dwarf varieties of this species with slow growth can be tested in amateur collections in zone 6 - in the Carpathian and Transcarpathian regions, in southwest Belarus, in Kaliningrad, on the coast of the Baltic countries.
Sequoia sempervirens - upper side of leaves
Reproduction and agricultural technology: This is one of the few vegetatively reproducing conifers that easily regenerates stump shoots after damage from fires. A peculiar consequence of this is the emergence of “white sequoias”, which are non-photosynthetic coppice trees that take carbohydrates from the photosynthetic associated roots with which the “white trees” are fused. White sequoias are found only in old-growth forests, where the amount of biomass of photosynthetic sequoias is colossal; they usually do not exceed 3 meters in height. However, there are rare white sequoias up to 20 m in height, dressed in fresh, snow-white needles. Propagation by cuttings and seeds is similar to that of and.
Application: Biostability and durability make sequoia wood an ideal material for the manufacture of wooden pipes, gutters and trays, tanks, vats, roofing shingles, and for the external cladding of buildings. Also used on racks and profile products for interior decoration premises. The wood is used in the production of plywood. The thick bark serves as raw material for fiber boards and filter materials. The wood is valued for its beauty, strength, light weight and resistance to decay.
Commercial lumber plantings now cover large areas of private land in northern California. Such plantings are especially economical because the tree is easily propagated vegetatively and immediately regenerates with roots after cutting. As recently as the beginning of the century before last, redwoods were the largest trees on earth, and almost all of them (more than 90% of the largest trees) were cut down in a frenzy of logging activity in just over a century. It all ended in the 1990s. The wood was used for construction, underwater structures, etc.
The most difficult times began in 1850 with commercial demand for construction timber mines, and continued into the 20th century. The cutting down of redwood forests was caused by the boom created by the California gold rush. Today, redwoods are among the most symbolically important tree species. They are revered by millions of people as an aesthetic symbol of intangible values of greatness and power wildlife. Sequoia and ( Sequoia Sempervirens and Sequoiadendron giganteum ) is the state tree of California.
Today the species is well protected in nature and can be easily seen in several National Parks in California: national park Redwood (Red Forest) and National Nature Reserve Muir Forest. If you have never seen a grove of ancient redwoods, you should do it at least once in your life. This view is one of the most beautiful sights anywhere on the planet.
Ld: The breed is suitable only for large parks and parks in warm-temperate humid climates. An excellent accent of the first order, planted singly or in small groups at the end of an alley or as a silhouette dominant in the background.
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SEQUOIA
(Sequoia), genus of evergreens coniferous trees Taxodiaceae family (Taxodiaceae). The only species - evergreen sequoia (S. sempervirens) - is considered a symbol of California. These are the tallest trees in the world and are also famous for their beautiful, straight-grained, rot-resistant wood. Evergreen sequoia forests stretch in a narrow strip approx. 720 km along the Pacific coast of the United States from Monterey County in northern California to the Chetco River in southern Oregon. Evergreen sequoia needs a very humid climate, so it does not go further than 32-48 km from the coast, remaining in the zone influenced by sea fog. Sequoias, along with other representatives of taxodiaceae, were once common in many areas of the Northern Hemisphere, but the last glaciation preserved them only on the west coast of North America, along with the closely related species Sequoiadendron giganteum, also the only representative of its genus, called sometimes giant sequoia (S. gigantea). Sequoia evergreen is grown as an ornamental plant in the southeastern United States and in temperate European regions. The average height of the evergreen sequoia is about 90 m, and the record height is 117 m. It was recorded in the Redwood Creek tract in California. The diameter of the trunk often reaches 6-7.6 m and can increase by 2.5 cm per year. The maturity of the evergreen sequoia occurs at 400-500 years, and specimens over 1500 years old are not uncommon (the oldest known is about 2200 years old). The tree reproduces well by root suckers, stump shoots and seeds, which after germination produce rapidly growing seedlings. The crown is narrow, starting above the lower third of the trunk. Oval cones and short shoots with flat bluish-gray needles give it beauty and lushness. The bark is thick, reddish, deeply furrowed. Sapwood is pale yellow or white, and the heartwood is of various shades of red. The root system is formed by lateral roots that go shallow into the soil. Metasequoia glyptostroboides, which is found in a very limited area in China, is close to the evergreen sequoia and the mammoth tree. There are two varieties of evergreen sequoia - pressed (var. adpressa), characterized by smaller sizes, and gray (var. glauca) - with bluish needles.
SEQUOIA EVERGREEN
MAMMOTH TREE
Collier's Encyclopedia. - Open Society. 2000 .
Synonyms:See what "SEQUOIA" is in other dictionaries:
- (Sequoia), a genus of evergreen coniferous trees of the family. taxodiaceae. Unity, species S. evergreen (S. sempervirens). It is one of the tallest trees (reaches a height of 110-112 m and a diameter of 6-10 m). St. lives 3000 years. Grows in the mountains of California and South. Oregon... ... Biological encyclopedic Dictionary
Or WELLINGTONIA tree from this family. cypress, grows in the north. America: some reach 300 feet. height, trunk circumference 94 feet. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. sequoia (named after the Indian leader... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
A genus of coniferous trees in the Taxodiaceae family. The only species of sequoia is evergreen, height St. 100 m, diameter 6 11 m. Natural plantings only in the mountains of California and the South. Oregon (USA). Cultivated for light and durable wood (used... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Sequoiadendron, Wellingtonia Dictionary of Russian synonyms. sequoia noun, number of synonyms: 3 wellingtonia (5) ... Synonym dictionary
SEQUOIA, and, female. A giant relict coniferous tree native to California. Dictionary Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
A genus of coniferous plants from the family. Taxodiaceae. It is known in fossil form from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous; It develops widely in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Nowadays it is preserved only in California. Geological Dictionary: in 2 volumes. M.: Nedra. Under … Geological encyclopedia
Sequoia- (Sequoyah) (1760(70?) 1843), educator of the Cherokee people, who created an alphabet of 85 characters for the language of his tribe. The alphabet is also known as talking leaves. The date of its adoption is considered to be 1821. Later he took the name George Gist,... ... The World History
This term has other meanings, see Sequoia (meanings). ? Sequoia ... Wikipedia
Sequoia- Giant sequoia. National Park Yosemite, California, USA. SEQUOIA, a genus of coniferous trees (family Taxodiaceae). The only type of sequoia is evergreen, height over 100 m, diameter 6 11 m. It grows in the mountains along the west coast of the USA... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Sequoia), national park in California (USA). Created in 1890 on the square. 163.1 thousand hectares for the protection of the unique landscapes of the Sierra Nevada mountains, incl. 32 groves of giant sequoia. More than 70 species of mammals and 120 birds live here. Forms a single protected... ... Geographical encyclopedia
Books
- Book: manual / operating instructions for the TOYOTA SEQUOIA navigation system (TOYOTA SEQUOIA) from 2008 release. Detailed description navigation system for Toyota Sequoia cars, production began in 2008...
- Book: manual/instructions for operation and maintenance of TOYOTA SEQUOIA (TOYOTA SEQUOIA) petrol from 2008 release. This manual has already become a handy book for many Toyota Sequoia owners, since it is addressed specifically to car enthusiasts. The publication does not contain repair instructions, but contains high-quality…
Syn: mahogany.
Sequoia is a monotypic genus of woody plants in the Cypress family, represented by a single species, Sequoia evergreen (or red). The sequoia is considered one of the tallest trees on the planet, some specimens can be higher than 110 meters, and the maximum age of the sequoia is 2000 years. The plant is used as construction material and is part of a dietary supplement for strengthening bones.
Ask the experts a question
In medicine
Sequoia is not used in official medicine. However, sequoia extract is present in some dietary supplements.
Contraindications and side effects
Since sequoia is not used in official medicine, no contraindications have been identified. Any use of the plant in medicinal purposes contraindicated.
In gardening
Sequoia is not used in gardening everywhere for a simple reason: it grows very slowly, and only the great-grandchildren of the person who started growing sequoia will experience the “teenage” period of the tree’s development. However, redwoods are sometimes grown. In Russia, this is done mainly in the Krasnodar Territory, for example, in the Sochi arboretum there is an area with sequoias.
The tree can be grown from seeds or purchased as a seedling. Seeds collected from the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California are considered superior to seed found in European nurseries. The fact is that sequoia was brought to the botanical gardens of Europe a little more than a century ago; for trees this is a small age, they are too young to produce strong seeds. But seedlings, on the contrary, are better to order from nurseries in France and Britain; they may not survive transportation from America.
The seeds need to be prepared before planting; first they are placed in the refrigerator for a week, then soaked in water room temperature for two days. They are planted in sandy-clay moist soil, sprinkled with 1-2 mm of earth, and placed in sunny place. It is recommended to cover the container with cling film. The crops are sprayed and ventilated twice a day; they cannot be watered, because... They can die from waterlogging. Seed germination is low, 15-20 percent. The first shoots may appear in a week or a couple of months.
When sprouts appear, the cling film must be removed. Young shoots need sun, but direct sunlight is harmful, so the plant needs to be shaded. Five months after planting, the sequoia already looks like a small Christmas tree. For up to three years, the plant is grown in a pot and watered regularly. Then it can be transplanted into the ground, but you need to keep in mind that sequoia does not tolerate temperatures below minus 18 degrees.
In other areas
Sequoia wood is widely used as a building and carpentry material; it has high strength, is little susceptible to rotting and damage by insects, and also withstands lateral loads well. Wood is used to make furniture, sleepers, telegraph poles, paper, and tiles; They produce boxes for storing tobacco and cigars, barrels for molasses and honey.
The durability and strength of sequoia make it an excellent material for the manufacture of gutters, tanks, vats, and pipes. It is used for interior decoration and exterior cladding of houses. Thick bark is a raw material for fiber boards and filter materials. Even coffins are made from sequoia.
IN last years The construction of houses from sequoia timber is becoming popular, although this fashion mainly concerns the USA.
Classification
Sequoia (lat. Sequoia) is a monotypic genus of woody plants of the Cypress family (lat. Cupressaceae).
Botanical description
Sequoia is a monoecious evergreen tree. It has a conical crown. The branches grow with a slight downward slope or horizontally. The bark can be up to 30 cm thick, fibrous, soft, red-brown, darkening over time. The root system consists of shallow, widely spreading roots. The leaves of young sequoia are flat and elongated, 15-25 mm long, and on top of the crowns of old trees they are scale-like, 5-10 mm long.
The cones are ovoid in shape, 15-32 mm long, the scales are spirally twisted. Pollination occurs at the end of winter, and ripening occurs after 8-9 months. Each cone contains 3-7 seeds 3-4 mm long. After drying, the cone opens and the seeds spill out.
The sequoia genome (at 31,500 megabases) is one of the largest among conifers and is the only currently known hexaploid among gymnosperms.
Spreading
Sequoia grows in the USA along the Pacific coast, from California to southwestern Oregon, at an average altitude of 30-750 m above sea level. The tree prefers humidity and fog. Redwoods growing above the fog layer are smaller and shorter. Sequoia is grown in British Columbia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Great Britain, Portugal, Italy, Mexico and South Africa. In Russia, sequoia is grown in the Krasnodar region.
Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.
Procurement of raw materials
The plant is not used for medicinal purposes and is not stored for future use.
Chemical composition
Chemical composition Sequoias have been little studied.
Pharmacological properties
The pharmacological properties of sequoia have not been studied.
Use in folk medicine
Sequoia is not used in folk medicine, however, the plant extract is contained in the BIO SEQUOIA dietary supplement, intended to strengthen bones and joints.
Historical reference
The sequoia received its name in the second half of the 19th century, as the tree was named by the Austrian botanist, numismatist and orientalist Stefan Endlicher, an outstanding taxonomist who created the best at that time natural system plants (“Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturalis disposita”, Vienna, 1836-1840; “Enchiridion botanicum”, Leipzig, 1841). It is believed that Endlicher named the tree in honor of the Cherokee Indian chief Sequoia, better known by his English name George Hess. Sequoyah was the founder of the Cherokee writing system, and it was he who came up with the 85-character alphabet after observing how British colonialists wrote down their speech on paper.
It is believed that the tallest sequoia was cut down in 1912 and reached a height of 115.8 m, but there is no documentary evidence of this. So at the moment, the tallest sequoia remains the tree discovered in 2006 by Chris Atkins, named Hyperion, its height is 115.61 meters. Moreover, researchers agree that only the damage caused by the woodpecker prevented the sequoia from growing even larger. And before Hyperion, the record holder was the sequoia Stratospheric Giant from the Humboldt-Redwood Park with a height of 113.11 m.
Literature
1. Trifonova V.I. Family Taxodiaceae // Plant Life. In 6 volumes / Ch. ed. Al. A. Fedorov. - M.: Education, 1978. - T. 4. Mosses. Moss mosses. Horsetails. Ferns. Gymnosperms. Ed. I. V. Grushvitsky and S. G. Zhilin. - pp. 374-383. - 447 p.
But many visitors to Jedediah Smith will never see the cluster of giant sequoias known as the Grove of the Titans. Their locations are kept secret to protect the massive and ancient trees from humans. (40 photos)
These sequoias have a huge trunk diameter and almost unreal height. Like natural skyscrapers, they are taller than the iconic Statue of Liberty from the base of her pedestal to the tip of her torch. Some people who walk among these giants claim that such an adventure is so impressive that it is life-changing. As naturalist John Muir, known as the father of national parks, once said, “The most obvious way into the universe is through the wilderness.” Photo: m24instudio
The photographer wrote: “The morning we visited Muir Woods was rainy and foggy, all the plants and trees were covered in dew. The feeling was like tropical forest, and the height and density of the trees isolated us from the rest of the world.” The trees "range from 400 to 800 years old and reach 250 feet in height." Photo: Justin Brown
James Irvine Trail in Prairie Creek Park. The photographer noted that “like kids in a candy store, we got too excited and bit off more than we could chew; or, more precisely, we went on an excursion that could not fit into one daylight. In old, overgrown, dense forests, twilight falls several hours earlier than along the coast.” Photo: Justin Kern
At the base of a giant sequoia tree in Jedediah Smith. The park was named after the explorer and first American to travel across the country from the Mississippi River to California in 1826. Photo: drainhook
The Last Monarch tree in Grove of the Titans, Jedediah Smith Redwoods Park. It was discovered in 1998. It reaches a diameter of 7.9 m and a height of 98 m. The exact location of the Lost Monarch is kept secret due to fears that its publication will lead to increased traffic and could disrupt the ecosystem or lead to vandalism. Photographer says: "The Last Monarch" is hiding in wet forest, where redwoods and ferns are perfectly combined.” Photo: Yinghai
Andrea T. said: “Exceptional and incredible. If you love trees, if you love solitude. If you like to feel the vibrations of the Earth, then come here.” This park occupies almost 53,000 hectares of land, of which more than 17 thousand are covered with untouched old redwoods. Photo: Steve Dunleavy
IN state park Redwood in March 2014 The park's brochure states: “California redwoods are among the tallest and oldest trees on Earth. Some grow up to 300 feet tall and reach up to 50 feet in circumference. Scientists estimate that their age may vary from 1,000 to 2,000 years.” Photo: Christian Arballo
A dense grove at Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park. According to Redwood Hikes: “Nothing compares to the pure and pristine beauty of this extraordinary grove on a sunny day.” Photo: Steve Dunleavy
Redwood National Park. The photographer writes: "This small pedestrian bridge in the park is over 300 feet in the air." Photo: Steve Dunleavy
Prairie Creek, the James Irwin Trail, a cluster of trees, and a man to help you visualize the size of a redwood tree. Trees of Mystery explains: “A knocked over redwood tree will try to continue to grow through its shoots. If the branches point upward, they can become independent trees. Groups of trees grow from the living remains of a fallen redwood tree stump. If you look at the genetic information in the cell of each of these, you will find that they are identical to each other. These are clones! Photo: rachel_thecat
John Muir once said, “Everyone needs beauty as well as bread, an indoor place to play and pray, and nature to heal and give strength to soul and body.” Photo: Craig Goodwin
A bear in a foggy forest among sequoia trees. Although the giant redwood tree and the giant sequoiadendron appear very similar, they are actually two different types. Sequoiadendron lives up to 3,000 years, has bark up to 3 feet thick, branches grow up to 8 feet in diameter, and can only reproduce by seeds. By comparison, giant sequoias (redwood) grow for up to 2,000 years, have bark up to 12 inches thick, have branches up to 5 feet in diameter, and can reproduce either vegetatively or by seed. Photo: Linda Tanner
Magnificent green growth in the shade under a canopy of redwood trees. John Muir said, “If you pull one thing in nature, you find it attached to the rest of the world.” Photo: Justin Kern
Incredible canopy in Muir Forest. The ancestors of the redwood tree and the giant sequoiadendron grew in the United States 150 million years ago. By the early 20th century, most of these forests had been cleared. North of San Francisco Bay, a forest of old-growth coast redwood trees is known as the Muir Forest Preserve. Photo: Justin Kern
Large maple tree on the Mill Creek Trail in Jedediah Smith Redwood Park. Photo: Miguel Vieira
HDR panoramic shot of a Humboldt County redwood grove. Stout Grove is a majestic example of an ancient coastal redwood forest and is considered the heart of Jedediah Smith Redwood State Park. In 1929, Mrs. Clara Stout donated the 44-acre grove to the Redwood Saving League to preserve it and memorialize her husband, lumber magnate Frank D. Stout. Photo: Michael Holden
Lush redwood forest and ferns in February 2014. “My first visit to Muir Forest,” writes the photographer. “I was hoping for rain, fog, deserted people and got none of it. But this place has a lot of potential.” Photo: Beau Rogers
Alley in Muir Forest. The photographer wrote: “It was very crowded, only great patience helped me with this photo. I was just waiting for a gap between visitors.” Photo: Beau Rogers
There are 10 monstrously huge trees in the Grove of the Titans that were "hidden" until 1998. How could this happen? Partly due to the fact that you need to get to this place through dense bushes taller than a man. "The Old Man of the North (also known as El Viejo del Norte), at 323 feet tall and at least 23 feet in diameter, is the fifth largest coastal redwood tree in the world." The photographer wrote that the Old Man of the North was his favorite tree in Grove of the Titans. It is not just huge, it has a characteristic swell that makes it easy to recognize. Photo: Yinghai
A moss-covered tree trunk in Jedediah Smith Redwoods. The greenery in this place has spread to almost all available surfaces. Photo: Brian Hoffman
The Last Monarch is one of the 10 largest trees in Grove of the Titans, the largest coast redwood by volume with a height of 320 feet and a diameter of at least 26 feet. Photo: Matt Rowe
Walk through a deep ravine (9.1 to 15.2 m) known as Fern Canyon, which is located in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. As described by Michael S: “The unrivaled natural beauty of vertical walls covered in ferns. Unlike any other place on Earth. Imagine walking through a narrow canyon where the walls are completely covered with lush ferns, moss, raindrops and mini waterfalls. An unforgettable natural wonder with five species of giant ferns. Steven Spielberg chose Fern Canyon to star in Jurassic Park: The Lost World. Photo: Alex Green
The Boy Scout Trail at Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park takes you deep into the forest and into old growth trees. Photo: Miguel Vieira
Boy Scout tree on the Boy Scout trail. This double redwood tree was so named because it was discovered by a local Boy Scout troop leader. A 1931 article reported that it was the largest, 31 feet in diameter and 87 feet in circumference, and oval in shape. Apparently, at one time, two separate trees stood side by side, but then merged and grew together until they reached a height of 250 feet above the ground. Photo: NAParish
The sun's rays break through the coastal fog and the dense branches of giant trees. Photo: NPS
Delighted by the beautiful giant sequoias in California. Photo: Margaret Killjoy
Twilight rays of sunlight breaking through the redwoods. Photo: Fovea Centralis
