Meaning OF SIMPLE A STEAM TURNIP (colloquial JOKE) in the Phraseology Reference

Group Study Topic

Problem question (research question)

Research objectives

Research results

Applications

What are phraseological units?

word game

What are phraseological units?

The main feature of phraseological units

Phraseologisms for all occasions

word game

Kvass

Why borscht?

Why cook porridge

cabbage soup

Dumplings

pea jester

How old are pancakes?

Not salty slurping

Who ate the eggs?

This expression is used with the following meaning:

29.09.201927.05.2017

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Relevance of the implemented project:

At present, the problem of lack of knowledge about phraseological units has arisen, and now it is especially acute, because graduates of the 9th and 11th grades pass the GIA and the Unified State Examination, in the control and measuring materials of which there are tasks that require knowledge of phraseological units. It turned out that many of the high school students with great difficulty find phraseological units in the text, do not understand their meaning, do not know how to use them in speech. Phraseological phrases - a special layer of the Russian language, part of the culture of our people - must return to our speech and enrich it.

The main question of the project: Why are phraseological units needed in the language?

The purpose of our project: by conducting certain research in the field of linguistics, to study the nature of phraseological units and learn from the example of Russian folk tales and works of Russian classic writers to use phraseological units in their speech

Project objectives:

to search for the necessary language information about phraseological units;
find out the sources of the origin of phraseological units;
get acquainted with phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language;
compose your own illustrated dictionary of phraseological units;

To achieve the goal of the project, it was decided to investigate the data of the science of phraseological units, to study the history of the appearance of phraseological units in the language, into which groups the phraseological units of the language are divided by origin. It was also necessary to get acquainted with the dictionaries of phraseological units. The content of the project included acquaintance with synonyms, antonyms, homonyms of phraseological units. You can learn to use phraseological units in your speech only on the example of Russian folk tales and works of Russian classics, so it was decided to turn to the work of I.A. Krylova, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, N. Nosova. To get an objective picture of the use of phraseological units in our speech, a sociological survey of adults and peers was conducted. All students took part in the creation of an illustrated dictionary of phraseological units.

To achieve the goal, we used the methods of research, observation, comparison, sociological survey, analysis, generalization.

Stages of preparation and implementation of the project:

STAGE 1. Development of a project assignment

1. The class is divided into 4 groups that receive tasks

Group 1 - to explore the data of the science of phraseological units; study the sources of phraseological units;

group 2 - a sociological survey of students, teachers, parents;

group 3 - research work; object of study: Russian folk tales, works by I.A. Krylova, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, N. Nosova;

Group 4 - the study of dictionaries of phraseological units; selection of phraseological units-synonyms, antonyms, homonyms.

2. Discussing the work plan of students individually or in a group, identifying sources (find on the Internet, ask at home, use encyclopedias, think well for yourself).

STEP 2. Collection and clarification of information, questioning.

Discussing with schoolchildren possible sources of information,
Independent work groups
Teacher consultations.

STEP 3. Implementation of the results.

Students preparing a presentation on the progress report

Teacher consultations.

STAGE 4. Evaluation of the results (analysis of the implementation of project assignments )

Students participate in the preparation for the presentation of the material at the presentation lesson.

STAGE 5. Conducting the lesson "The role of phraseological units in our speech."

Outcomes of the project:

Students learned the meaning of the concept of "phraseology", got acquainted with the sources of phraseological units of the Russian language, with phraseological dictionaries.

Created a presentation on phraseological units.
We have compiled a dictionary of phraseological units and continue to work on it.
Worked with phraseological units-homonyms, synonyms, antonyms. diversity.
We learned the history of the origin of many phraseological units.

As a result of the project, we organized an exhibition of drawings "Phraseological units in drawings"

All project participants came to the conclusion that it is necessary to constantly get acquainted with phraseological units in order to make speech more accurate and richer. To do this, it is necessary to read more, refer to various dictionaries, conduct search work, referring to the work of writers, the works of Russian scientists.

Prospects for further development of the project. This project can be used in their work by other teachers. to form the competence of students in the field of independent cognitive activity, the skills of independent work with large amounts of information; to assist in understanding the meaning of phraseological units, to form the ability to apply them in a speech situation; to teach a summary of their thoughts orally and in writing.

Resources involved in the implementation of the project.

1. V.P. Zhukova, A.V. Zhukov. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. M.: "Enlightenment". 1983.

2. Rosenthal D.E. and others. Russian language for schoolchildren in grades 5-9. Journey to the land of words. Tutorial. M.: Bustard, 1995.

4. Fedorov A.I. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language: approx. 13,000 phraseological units. M.: Astrel: AST, 2008.

5. Encyclopedic dictionary of a young philologist (linguistics) / Comp. M. V. Panov. Moscow: Pedagogy, 1984.

Goals:

sum up the results of the research work on the project;
show the nature of phraseological units and learn from the example of Russian folk tales and works of Russian classic writers to use phraseological units in their speech, to present the sources of the origin of phraseological units;
get acquainted with phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language; present your illustrated dictionary of phraseological units;

During the classes

1. Teacher's word:

We present the research project "The role of phraseological units in our speech". Put sticks in wheels, drive by the nose, the cat cried ... How often do we use these expressions in our speech? Do we understand their meaning?

"Phraseological units make up the national physiognomy of the language, its original means and its ... wealth," wrote the great Russian critic V.G. Belinsky Therefore, we decided to learn everything about phraseological units and joined the project "The role of phraseological units in our speech".

To work on the project, we have created working groups. Each group had its own task.

2. The word is given to students of group 1:

Exploring various information sources, we got acquainted with the concept of "phraseologism". We learned that phraseological units are stable combinations of words that are close in lexical meaning to one word. Therefore, phraseological units can often be replaced with one word, less expressive. Let's compare: at the end of the world (earth) - far away; lather your neck - teach a lesson, punish; walks under the table - small; a tooth does not fall on a tooth - it is frozen; hack on the nose - remember; how to look into the water - to foresee, etc. There are phraseological units throughout the history of the language. Already from the end of the 18th century, they were explained in special collections and explanatory dictionaries under various names: idioms, aphorisms, idioms, proverbs and sayings.

Even M. V. Lomonosov, drawing up a plan for a dictionary of the Russian literary language, indicated that it should include "phrases", "idioms", "sayings", that is, turns, expressions. However, the phraseological composition of the Russian language began to be studied relatively recently.

We got acquainted with the sources of phraseological units:

1) native Russians ( clumsy work, green street);

2) Old Church Slavonic ( seek and find);

3) Latin and Greek ( Augean stables, contribute);

4) Western European ( blue stocking, throw down the glove)

Most of the phraseological units reflect the deeply folk, original nature of the Russian language. The direct (original) meaning of many phraseological units is connected with the history of our Motherland, with some of the customs of the ancestors, their work. So expression beat the buckets(to idle) arose on the basis of the direct meaning "to split a block of wood into buckwheat (chocks) to make spoons, ladles, etc. from them", that is, to do a simple, easy task.

Phraseologisms that came from myths seemed very interesting to us:

Augean stables- a heavily littered, polluted or cluttered room.
Ariadne's thread- that helps to find a way out of a predicament.
Achilles' heel- vulnerable spot.
Sword of Damocles- looming, threatening danger.
Two-faced Janus- Two-faced person.
The Golden Fleece - gold, wealth, which they seek to master.
Sink into oblivion- to disappear forever, to be forgotten.
Olympian calm- calmness, unperturbed by anything.

We got acquainted with phraseological units that came from the Bible:

To participate- about a person who took his feasible part in some business.
Voice in the wilderness- vain appeals that remain unanswered.
Antediluvian times- prehistoric times.
Bury talent in the ground- about a person who does not develop his natural abilities.
Manna from heaven- unexpected luck, wonderful help.

3. The word is given to students of the 2nd group:

We conducted a sociological survey of adults (parents and school teachers) and children. Respondents were asked the following questions:

4. Your favorite phraseological unit.

93% of teachers know what phraseology is, 7% do not know; 65% of parents know, and 35% do not know, of children - 83% know, 17% do not know.

Most often, adults meet with phraseological units in fairy tales and oral colloquial speech, children - in works of art and in fables.

Of all the richness of phraseological units, phraseological units most often sounded in the speech of our respondents beat the buckets, break into a cake, chop on the nose.

Respondents-adults first heard phraseological units at school, respondents-children - in kindergarten and at school.

Among adult respondents, 58% do not use phraseological units in their speech, although they know them; among children, 44% do not use phraseological units in their speech.

The origin of phraseological units turned out to be unknown for many adults and children (83% and 78%, respectively), and only 17% of adults named the Bible and myths as the source of origin, and 22% of children named ancient Russia.

Favorite phraseology of teachers - neither light nor dawn, students - like water off a duck's back, parents - Nick down.

4. The word is given to students of the 3rd group:

We have carried out some research work, as a result of which we found out whether our writers in their works phraseological units.

To obtain the result, the fables of I. A. Krylov were studied. In them we found 9 phraseological units:

- "Donkey and Nightingale": in a thousand ways, far away

- "Trishkin caftan": Trishkin caftan;

- "Two dogs": walk on hind legs;

- "Monkey": monkey labor;

- "The cat and the cook": and Vaska listens and eats;

- "Demyanov's ear": Demyanov's ear;

- "Squirrel": like a squirrel in a wheel;

- "Cabin": and the chest just opened;

- "Wolf in the kennel": and I have long known your wolf nature;

In the stories of Nikolai Nosov, 20 phraseological units were found:

run at full speed
beat the buckets
run away
in two counts
lost in three pines,
take in tow
bring to clean water
look into all eyes
roll up your sleeves
and deal with the end.
how to look into the water
as if plunged into water,
how it fell from the moon
you can’t lure with a roll,
pinch on the neck
lather your neck
not see how their ears
neither alive nor dead
go to the end of the world
fall off your feet

Getting acquainted with the fairy tales of Saltykov-Shchedrin and Russian folk tales, we found phraseological units.

Phraseologisms from the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin

phraseological unit	The lexical meaning of a phraseological unit	Name of the fairy tale
keep a stone in one's bosom	bear a grudge	"Wild Landlord"
don't give up an inch	give nothing away	"Wild Landlord"
stand one's ground	pursue their demands	"Wild Landlord"
nowhere to stick your nose	nowhere to go	"Wise Gudgeon"
mad chamber	have a lot of mind	"Wise Gudgeon"
look at both	be vigilant	"Wise Gudgeon"
dream in hand	prophetic dream	"Wise Gudgeon"
go for seven miles of jelly slurp	go far for something	"Wise Gudgeon"
us to the yard	in place	"Karas-idealist"
hold your pocket wider	hope for something that can't be	"Karas-idealist"

Phraseologisms came from folk tales:

and I was there, drinking honey-beer
a hut on chicken legs
Koschei the Deathless
Lisa Patrikeevna
neither in a fairy tale to tell, nor to describe with a pen
under King Peas
no sooner said than done,
a fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it
megillah,
three days and three nights.

Such research allowed us to conclude: our writers very often use phraseological phrases in their works, which help them vividly, figuratively characterize the hero, logically, consistently express their thoughts, make speech rich, emotional, rich. What should we strive for. And you need to learn from our classics.

5. The word is given to students of the 4th group:

We learned that there are phraseological dictionaries in which the sources of the origin of phraseological units and their meaning are presented. Authors of dictionaries: V.P. Zhukov and A.V. Zhukov "School Phraseological Dictionary", A.I. Fedorov "Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language", A.I. Molotkov "Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language", E.A. Bystrova, A.P. Okuneva, N.M. Shansky "Educational Phraseological Dictionary" and others.

We learned that phraseological units have homonyms, synonyms and antonyms.

In dictionaries, we found examples of homonymous phraseological units: To let a rooster in means to produce a melody falsely. Letting a rooster go is setting something on fire.

And here are examples of phraseological units-synonyms: Mind chamber - seven spans in the forehead

The head on the shoulders is a bright head. Two pair of boots - one field of berries.

To reforge swords into plowshares - to sheathe a sword.

And finally, examples of phraseological units-antonyms:

Though a dime a dozen - the cat cried.
Roll up your sleeves - after your sleeves.
Brew porridge - disentangle porridge.
Heavy on the rise - easy on the rise

View a presentation prepared by students.

W: Now let's sum up our work. What is the result of our work? What new things have we learned while working on the project?

Questionnaire.

1. Do you know what phraseologism is?

2. Where do you most often meet phraseological units?

3. Give examples of phraseological units.

4. Your favorite phraseological unit.

5. Do you use phraseological units in your speech?

6. Where did phraseological units come from?

Questionnaire for students and teachers

Questionnaire of parents, grandparents.

	mother	dad	grandmother	Grandpa
№1
№2
№3
№4
№5
№6

How phraseologisms decorate our speech?

Find catchphrases used in colloquial speech

study dictionaries of phraseological units

Once, in a Russian language lesson, I heard a phrase from a teacher: “Language proficiency will be incomplete if you are not familiar with phraseology.” This statement made us think: what are phraseological units and why are they needed in speech? In Russian, phraseological units serve for the expressiveness of speech, its figurativeness, brightness and accuracy. Using such combinations, we give our story emotionality, aphorism and even metaphor. Suppose I say that the girl was crying. It will sound normal. And if we imagine that she roared like a beluga, then we immediately see a sad picture. Suppose I need to write a bright, emotional essay. I will definitely use phraseological units: golden hands, jack of all trades. Thus, we were convinced that phraseological units make our Russian language. The Russian language is very rich in phraseological units. So, for example, with only one word hand there are more than fifty phraseological turns. To phraseological expressions, most scientists include proverbs, sayings, well-aimed and vivid expressions of writers, scientists, public figures, which have become winged. Some of them are used in a figurative sense, others - in direct meaning. Phraseologisms make our speech more vivid and expressive and therefore are widely used in the literary language. Most of the phraseological units reflect the deeply folk, original nature of the Russian language. A significant part of phraseological turns refers to the colloquial style, often has a pronounced coloration (blood with milk - healthy, blooming). Many phraseological units are characteristic of book styles and can be characterized by shades of solemnity, formality, sometimes irony, jokes (smoking fiam - flatteringly praise). To make speech bright, figurative, and sometimes accessible, a person uses catchwords and expressions. This speaks of knowledge of the language, its history, the ability to use speech capabilities, emphasizes its originality, individuality. The speech of a person, in which phraseological units are found, is brighter, more emotional, reveals the character of the interlocutor, attracts listeners, makes communication more interesting, lively. Dictionary of colloquial phraseological units Buckwheat to beat the Bath set White crow Henbane to overeat Flea shoeing Throw the glove Storm in a teacup Lead by the nose Wolf in sheep's clothing Pull bagpipes (start) The eighth wonder of the world That's where the dog is buried! Lying like a gray gelding The Flood Burn ships (bridges) Siamese twins A tablecloth road How much water has flowed under the bridge Blind happiness The word knows! With a shield or on a shield To eat a dog Ivan, who does not remember kinship Go uphill From pig to crucian From Saul Pavel (become) Italian strike

Essay Samples

The role of phraseological units in speech

Option 1.

Once, in a Russian language lesson, I heard a phrase from a teacher: “Language proficiency will be incomplete if you are not familiar with phraseology.” This statement made me think: what are phraseological units and why are they needed in speech?

Option 2.

In Russian, phraseological units serve for the expressiveness of speech, its figurativeness, brightness and accuracy. Using such combinations, we give our story emotionality, aphorism and even metaphor.

Suppose I say that the girl was crying. It will sound normal. And if we imagine that she roared like a beluga, then we will immediately see a sad picture.

Suppose I need to write a bright, emotional essay. I will definitely use phraseological units: golden hands, jack of all trades. It is clear that my essay will be highly appreciated.

Thus, we were convinced that phraseological units make our Russian language.

Option 3.

The Russian language is very rich in phraseological units. So, for example, with only one word hand there are more than fifty phraseological turns.

To phraseological expressions, most scientists include proverbs, sayings, well-aimed and vivid expressions of writers, scientists, public figures, which have become winged. Some of them are used figuratively, others are used literally.

Phraseologisms make our speech more vivid and expressive and therefore are widely used in the literary language. Most of the phraseological units reflect the deeply folk, original nature of the Russian language.

A significant part of phraseological turns refers to the colloquial style, often has a pronounced expressive coloring ( blood with milk - healthy, blooming).

Many phraseological units are characteristic of book styles and can be characterized by shades of solemnity, formality, sometimes irony, jokes ( smoke fiam- flattering praise).

Phraseological units are characterized by emotional expressiveness. They not only name the phenomena of reality (they call them through comparison, figuratively), but also convey the attitude of the speaker to the named phenomenon. The emotionality and imagery of phraseological units are not always noticed by speakers, but the comparison of phraseological units with words and phrases enlivens their emotionality and imagery.

To make speech bright, figurative, and sometimes accessible, a person uses catchwords and expressions. This speaks of knowledge of the language, its history, the ability to use speech capabilities, emphasizes its originality, individuality. The speech of a person, in which phraseological units are found, is brighter, more emotional, reveals the character of the interlocutor, attracts listeners, makes communication more interesting, lively.

Phraseologism "(indicate)", found in the sentence (indicate the number), performs the following function: (indicate the function).

All of the above confirms that. .

Option 4.

Phraseological turns are stable combinations that are an inexhaustible source of speech expression. The aesthetic role of phraseological means is determined by the author's ability to select the necessary material and introduce it into the text. Such use of phraseological units enriches speech, serves as an "antidote" against speech clichés. We will find an example of this in the sentence of the read text.

At the same time, writers are attracted by the accuracy with which a phraseological unit can characterize a phenomenon. For example,

Phraseological riches of the language come to life under the pen of talented writers, publicists and become a source of new artistic images, jokes, unexpected puns.

The picturesqueness and figurativeness of speech acts with poetic phraseological units on the listener's imagination, forcing him to experience what was said more strongly than if the speaker had turned to him with an ugly, purely logical speech.

Let me remind you that phraseological units- set expressions, which for centuries have been painstakingly selected as the most memorable and most vivid. We can see this if we compare the following phrases:

Hence the conclusion:

or make a giraffe out of a fly.

"Everyone gave up on him"

Thus

Finding a person who would not know and would not use a single phraseological unit is not only difficult, but in principle impossible. Phraseological units are used by us daily, but few people know why we need phraseological units.

Let me remind you that phraseological units- stable expressions that have been painstakingly selected for centuries as the most memorable and most vivid. We can see this if we compare the following phrases:

The professors listened very carefully. The professors listened with bated breath.

This is worth thinking about. - You need to brainstorm over this.

They were talking. - They sharpened their laces.

The second sentences in these pairs provide more information, namely:

we understand that the professor's lecture was really interesting;
the problem facing those who are going to brainstorm is really worth it;
conversations that can be called whittling are empty and meaningless.

Hence the conclusion: phraseological units are needed not only to enrich and decorate our speech, but also to express an idea more accurately, which ultimately allows us to better understand the interlocutor.

In terms of their properties, phraseological units are not similar to simple phrases. All words in set expressions depend on each other, they cannot be changed, rearranged to another place or supplemented with other arbitrary words. For example, we cannot say everyone waved their left hand at him or make a giraffe out of a fly.

On the one hand, it turns out that phraseological units limit the creative possibilities of the language, and on the other hand, they allow replacing a verbose sentence with one capacious phrase. It's one thing to say: "Everyone gave up on him". And it’s quite another thing to explain for a long time that everyone stopped paying attention to the words and deeds of a certain person.

Phraseological units also perform the function of evaluation. And, as you know, do not feed a person with bread - give someone or something to discuss and evaluate. So we tell all the parasites that they beat their thumbs and work through their sleeves, and we cheer ourselves up with proverbs like "To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest." By the way, proverbs, sayings, phrases from books and films are also phraseological units. So the dictionary of phraseological units is not carved on granite, but is constantly replenished and enriched.

Phraseologisms are somewhat reminiscent of an entertaining word game. Modern man it is very difficult sometimes to understand why they say it this way and not otherwise. Many words are now used only as part of phraseological units. And in general, many stable expressions captured the history of a particular country and language.

Thus, phraseological units are needed in speech in order to

express your thoughts and emotions with the greatest accuracy;
decorate our speech and make it more figurative;
play with words and learn the history of the language and the whole people.

I spend my evenings here reading Shansky's Linguistic Detectives.
Maybe someone else will be entertained. Then I might post something else from there. It seems that the community does not contradict the rules, and amateur amateurs like me are happy.

There are expressions that, like in a bread and butter sandwich, are closely related to our ever-changing cuisine, and hence the changing topic of the day, the daily life of our people. Because of this, they are quite simple in their pedigree, but it is sometimes quite difficult to establish it. Let's start with the most, perhaps, the simplest turnover in this respect.

Easier steamed turnip

turnover easier than a steamed turnip“very simply” arose by contamination (combining elements) of revolutions as easy as pie"very easy" and cheaper than steamed turnip"very cheap". Connecting and "seductive" was the meaning of "very", present in both expressions. Older - even very old - is phraseological unit cheaper than steamed turnip dating back to the ancient Russian period. It is associated with the food realities of the “pre-potato” era, when turnips were the most common vegetable and were everyday peasant food. In the old days, turnip was not garden, but field, which determined its cheapness. It was harvested for the future in the same way as rye, oats, cabbage and onions. Turnip was one of the main agricultural crops. Its crop failure and, consequently, its high cost were noted as an important event. So, in the First Novgorod Chronicle under 1215, we read: “Novegorod was evil for Velma: buy rye for ten hryvnias, and oats for three hryvnias, and turnips for two hryvnias”

It is these extralinguistic circumstances - along with the convergence of turnover cheaper than steamed turnip with a tautological expression as easy as pie- gave rise to easier than a steamed turnip.

Tenth water on jelly

Phraseologism tenth water on jelly"very distant relative" relatively recently arose as a derivative of turnover seventh water on jelly, as an even greater gradational hyperbolization, reflecting real culinary actions in the process of making jelly. Word tenth on the spot seventh is a reflection of the modern international decimal count. Word seventh in circulation seventh water on jelly appeared not as a direct reflection in it of the details of a real process, but as one of the frequency designations of a magical nature (cf .: slurp for seven miles of jelly, seven Fridays a week, seven troubles - one answer, seven do not wait for one, measure seven times, seven spans in the forehead, seven miles to heaven, too many cooks spoil the broth etc.). After all, the main thing in circulation is not the designation of a close relationship, but a distant one, like the first number from the seventh. Basically, one can say thirtieth water on jelly, where remoteness in kinship will be expressed even more strongly, but this will already be an individual author's use.

“It's all good,” you say. “But what does water, jelly and the cooking process have to do with it?” Moreover, the expression seventh water on jelly is, in its pedigree, a figuratively metaphorical derivative - in a hyperbolic form - of a free combination of words denoting old Russian culinary realities. The point is that and kissel here is a third sweet dish that is not familiar to us (it came to us from Europe), and water very appropriate. Previously, jelly was not made fruity and not with the help of potato starch. It was flour jelly, made primarily from oatmeal, a gelatinous dish of semi-fermented bran, which was repeatedly (certainly not seven times) washed with water and filtered. It is clear that the seventh water on the jelly was very far from the first, when the bran was just beginning to be washed. This was the basis for the metaphor.

What could be "easier than a steamed turnip"? Turnip is the most ancient vegetable in Russia. Our ancestors ate both raw, and boiled, and steamed turnips. It was steamed turnips that were prepared in an elementary way, when turnips in pots were put in the oven and languished. You do not need to stir the dish during cooking, nor monitor it. Since then, the expression “simpler than a steamed turnip” has gone.

Did you know that in Russian cuisine there are more than 500 varieties of kvass: sweet, sour, mint, raisin, lemon, okroshochny, with horseradish ... It is considered the oldest Russian drink whose recipe was known Eastern Slavs even before the formation of Kievan Rus.

Why is borscht called "borscht"? Previously, the main ingredient of this soup was the plant "hogweed" or simply "borscht", the young greens of which were eaten. According to one version, this name was given to the plant for the shape of the leaves. If our countrymen, who lived like this 200 years ago, tried modern borscht, they would not have recognized the taste of this dish at all. Modern housewives flaunt the composition of the borscht ingredient - the more the better.

Where did the expression “You can’t cook porridge with him” come from? Anyone who believes that porridge is an ordinary dish is deeply mistaken. In ancient times, the Slavs even had a custom when concluding a peace treaty, together with enemies, cook porridge and eat it as a sign of reconciliation. Without porridge, the truce was considered invalid. This is where the proverb comes from: “You can’t cook porridge with him.”

But the word cabbage soup in the original version was “siti” going back to the old Russian “sto” - food. Apparently, the prototype of modern cabbage soup arose no earlier than the 9th century, that is, when cabbage began to be grown by peasants. The great importance of cabbage soup in Russian nutrition is also evidenced by an innumerable number of proverbs and sayings that mention the dish: “Schi and porridge are our food”, “Where cabbage soup is, look for us there”, “The same cabbage soup, but pour it in thinner”, “This you can’t slurp cabbage soup”, “Teach your wife how to cook cabbage soup”, etc.

Did you know that the word "dumpling" means "bread ear"? Etymological dictionaries indicate that the Russian word dumpling is a borrowing from the Finno-Ugric languages, raising it to the word "pelnyan": pel - ear + nyan - bread.

Why if a jester, then “pea”? Everyone knows that the “pea jester” is an eccentric who has exposed himself to the general ridicule. But why peas, and not some other cereal? Because during Christmas ceremonies, on Maslenitsa and other festivities in Russia, mummers and buffoons wrapped themselves in pea straws.

Did you know that Russian pancakes have a thousand-year history? The forerunner of the modern pancake, oddly enough, was oatmeal jelly, which once someone decided to warm up on fire. This man, apparently, gaped and the jelly thick fried, browned, and this is how the first ready-made pancake turned out.

Where did the expression "unsalted slurp" come from? Without salty slurping, those who did not get what they wanted, as well as those who were not expected, leave. catchphrase flew in from the distant past. In Russia, salt was an expensive and hard-to-find product. The owner put the salt shaker on the table only for the invited guest, who is welcome.

"Not worth a damn". We eat egg white and yolk - raw, boiled or fried. If the egg is boiled, then you can simply peel it, or you can use a spoon to carefully eat out all the internal contents of the egg. There will be one shell left, which can be thrown away as completely useless. The expression “not worth a damn” implies that the subject or some event in relation to which the expression is applied does not deserve attention at all and certainly you should not worry about it.

Turnip is such a root crop that was the basis of the nutrition of our ancestors until the moment when Peter I brought potatoes.

In the meantime, let's go back to the days when potatoes were never heard of. The peasants ate porridge and turnips. They grew it not in the garden (as such, these very gardens also appeared thanks to the efforts of Peter I), but in the field. It was sown along with wheat. Prepared for the winter.

People were afraid of a turnip crop failure, because it was almost a famine. Therefore, this root crop was chosen as the key symbol in the well-known fairy tale about the Turnip.

Turnips were boiled all year round (more precisely, steamed). And in this form they were eaten.

Such food was very simple, not refined, but at the same time affordable and satisfying. Besides, it's inexpensive. Therefore, initially the expression sounded like "no more expensive than a steamed turnip."

Very simple.
Too easy.
A problem that is easily resolvable.

Turnips are difficult to find on the menu these days, but the idiom has not lost its relevance. It is used with pleasure in colloquial speech. I think that even after centuries this expression will be relevant. They may forget about the turnip, but the life situation is unlikely to change.

Question. No.

Easier than a steamed turnip (colloquial joke.)

very simple. Actually Russian turnover associated with peasant life. Before the advent of potatoes, turnip was the most common vegetable in Russia and was part of the daily diet of the population. Turnips were eaten raw, but more often steamed in a clay pot.

Handbook of Phraseology. 2012