The device and cleaning of the cesspool at their summer cottage. Creating a cesspool for a private house with your own hands

If you are engaged in arranging your own site and at home, it is important to consider how a cesspool is created with your own hands. It is a reservoir for waste. There are several varieties, different materials are used. In budget options, long-used car tires are used. Modern septic tanks are also used.

The choice depends on the budget, the characteristics of the soil, the frequency of living in the house. It is much easier if you live in a country house only in the warm season. If this is year-round permanent housing, it is necessary to correctly calculate for large loads.

Types of cesspools and their choice

Cesspools are of the following types:

Which option to choose? For infrequent use, choose a hole from the bottom if the soil permits. Sealed tanks avoid odor and contamination, but they are expensive to maintain and require monthly (or, in the case of dishwashers and hot tubs, weekly) cleanings. The septic tank is environmentally friendly, and has no special contraindications. Having decided, we turn to the study of the technology of creating cesspools.

We take into account the norms and rules of arrangement

To achieve a certain level of security, you need to think through all the nuances. Otherwise, there is a risk of creating a threat to the landscape, the arrangement of a private house, and the health of residents. The following important points are taken into account:

• A well with water should be at least 30 m from the pit. The level of the pit should be lower. This avoids problems with drinking water contamination.
• With a large amount of waste, it is not allowed to make a pit without a bottom. The limit established by the norms is 1 cubic meter of waste per day.
• The pit should be in a place where a sewage truck can easily drive up. The distance should be closer than 4 m. Depth - no more than 3 m, otherwise the hose will not be enough to pick up all the waste.
• It is necessary to achieve the optimal density of closing the lid. Especially important for the winter period. It is recommended to use heaters.

Compliance with state sanitary standards will avoid serious problems. A self-made sewer cesspool should not harm the soil, have leaks in unacceptable places, and have an unpleasant odor.

Eternal cesspool: creation technology

There is a technology of eternal cesspool. Durability of use is achieved by special arrangement of the pit. In accordance with technology, it is made without a bottom. It is sprinkled with medium-sized gravel. The creation of such a hole must be taken care of in advance. The overflow is connected to the sewerage system. The "eternity" of such cesspools is determined by the selected materials. The purified liquid goes into the ground through a filter made of sand from crushed stone. Residues are processed by microorganisms. This is an environmentally friendly and efficient way.

Making blocks from tires - the simplest option

Used car tires are used in the sewer system and the creation of cesspools, and save various kinds of costs. A do-it-yourself cesspool in a private house is done according to the following scheme:

• digging a pit;
• tires are interconnected with waterproof glue;
• joints are completely sealed;
• the bottom is not made, instead the aforementioned filter is created.

Creating a pit with concrete rings

Let's figure out how to make a cesspool in a private house. To create a sewer, efforts will be required, but the option with a simple absorbing pit (with concrete rings) is the easiest and is often used in summer cottages. You can build a cesspool according to this scheme:

• concrete rings are purchased in the amount of 3 pieces;
• a pit breaks out with a depth not exceeding 3 m, a diameter of 80 cm more than that of reinforced concrete rings;
• the central axis must remain free, a concrete screed is made around the perimeter (the base for the rings);
• holes are drilled in the lower ring: each 5 cm in diameter, made 10 cm apart;
• the bottom is covered with a filter composition of crushed stone, sand, gravel, broken bricks - about 1 meter;
• outside the pit is filled with the same composition;
• a plate with two holes is installed - for a pipe and a hatch, pumping will be carried out through it.

There is another scheme: the creation of tank walls from bricks or gas silicate blocks. But this will take a lot of effort. A sewer pit made of concrete requires a crane to install concrete rings. You choose. Another option: a cesspool in the country is made using metal barrels. Service life reaches 60 years.

How to create a hermetic structure?

To create airtight conditions, the same actions are performed, but no holes need to be made at the bottom. On the contrary, it needs to be concreted and strengthened. A concrete mesh is laid on the bottom in advance. The walls inside are sealed with bitumen, and outside they are coated with clay. The same is done in the case when the walls are made of bricks. They can be plastered.

Please note: before you build a pit, do not forget about the hole that serves to bring the sewer pipe. It is done below the freezing level, which is determined by the weather service. To do this, you need to make references. The incoming pipeline must be sloped so that the waste moves towards the built pit in a natural way.

Finished tanks

Does the arrangement of a cesspool in a private house seem like a difficult task for you? It can be simplified by using conventional wastewater tanks. Then it remains only to arrange the pipeline at an angle, to dig a foundation pit. Order a ready-made tank, it is buried in the ground. If necessary, it is strengthened, a concrete base is used at the cesspools.

A few words about the features of the process

Cesspools dig for about a week if you do it yourself. Earthworks can take longer. The walls must be even, the pit itself is made square or rectangular. The space around the tank helps provide additional protection from groundwater. Before you properly make a cesspool, it is important to take care of the pipeline. You can't let the trees get in the way.

Summing up

We considered several options for a sewerage device for a private house. There are many options for arranging a cesspool; there are expensive multi-chamber septic tanks with a powerful cleaning system. There is only one basic scheme: you need to prepare for heavy earthworks and dig a foundation pit - then half the battle is done. You need to be patient, and then you will understand that you can make a hole on your own!

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Modern urbanization has spoiled city dwellers with all sorts of amenities - gas pipeline, central heating, cold and hot water in the apartment and, of course, sewerage. But these circumstances do not mean at all that one cannot use these amenities in the countryside or at the dacha.

A well-equipped sewer system and a cesspool in a private house or country house will help create conditions for comfortable living far from the city.

In Russia, to determine the status of cesspools, regulations. They regulate the location of the cesspool on the site. According to SNiP, the cesspool should be:

1. At a distance of 20 m from residential buildings.
2. From the cesspool to any fence, the distance should be more than 1 m.

According to SNiP, the optimal place for the pit is selected. Also, when arranging a pit without a bottom, the distance to the source of drinking water should be more than 30 meters.

The dimensions of the cesspool are calculated based on the following parameters:

How many tenants live in the house permanently. The average daily rate of water consumption per person is 150-180 liters. For 30 days, a family of 2-4 people consumes up to 12 m 3 of water, which enters the cesspool.

Taking into account the reserve, a cesspool for 3 people should have a volume of about 18m 3.

Influence of soil behavior on the site. This factor is used as follows: if the soil contains porous rocks, then the volume of the cesspool can be reduced to 40% of the monthly water consumption.

If the soil mostly consists of rocks that do not pass water well, then the volume of the pit should exceed the runoff rate by 20-30%.

The depth of the cesspool should ideally be more than 3 meters. The cesspool requires periodic cleaning, and the help of a sewage service cannot be avoided, but you can make the pit deeper, and then it will be possible to pump out the drain water once a year, or even less often.

If the design of the cesspool is sealed, then you will have to pump out water 1-2 times a month.

If you are not confident in your ability to build, then we recommend using construction services in Yekaterinburg, they build houses, gazebos and much more, everything is turnkey.

Budget cesspool of tires

Car tires - what could be easier and more economical for building a cesspool?

Since the disposal of automobile rubber is an expensive pleasure, it will not be difficult to get such tires, and many service stations will also pay extra if you ask them for 8-12 pieces.

That's how much you need to build a cesspool of tires.

How to make a cesspool with your own hands using tires?

1. Choose tires of the same thickness and diameter. Calculate how many tires you need, with a well depth of 2.5-3 meters.

Along the contour of the tire, you need to mark the contour of the pit. This should be done at a distance of at least 5 m from the house. Add another 10-20 cm to the diameter of the hole so that the tires pass freely into the hole, and start digging with an ordinary bayonet shovel. It is more convenient to throw out the earth with a shovel.

When going deeper into the ground, change the shovel to another one with a longer handle so as not to sink into the hole, as it will be too narrow for you. The edges of the shovel must be bent so that it is more convenient to take the earth at great depths.

2. After preparing the pit in its center, you need to drill a drainage well. This can be done with a regular garden drill. Drainage is needed so that water goes into the ground better and faster, so you need to drill all waterproof layers - loam, etc.
3. A drainage pipe is inserted into the well - its end must be brought out 1-1.5 meters above the pit. The upper part of the pipe must be covered with a mesh. The bottom of the pit should be covered with a layer of rubble of 10-20 cm.
4. Tires are laid on rubble. Previously, one inner side is cut off from each tire. Now the water will not linger in the recesses.
5. In the last or penultimate tire, you need to make a hole for the gutter with a jigsaw.

The finished pit is covered with earth and compacted.

So that the cesspool is not filled with groundwater, it is possible to lay a layer of roofing material or plastic film with the walls of the pit and automobile tires.

6. The lid for such a cesspool must be made of a very stable material. Thick plastic is best for this. On top of the lid, you need to pour a layer of earth in the form of a hill so that the water flows from it. The tire pit is ready.

Pit made of concrete rings - a reliable design

After making all the calculations and determining the place for the cesspool, you can start preparing: purchase Construction Materials, prepare the tools that will be needed for the construction of a cesspool. Pay attention to the following points:

1. The bottom of the pit must be concreted. Such a hole will create fewer problems for you when cleaning.
2. The walls are also concreted. An overlap is made above the cesspool, it is necessary to make a ventilation hatch in it, through which gases will be removed. Another hatch is needed for pumping out Wastewater vacuum equipment or manually. Overlapping is best done from a concrete slab that has a hole.

If the hatch cover is not insulated, then it is necessary to calculate the depth of the pit so that the hatch is 20-30 cm below the ground surface. Having installed the floor slab, it must be covered with soil. This measure will prevent the pit from freezing in winter.

1. Concrete is calculated according to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe bottom of the pit, and, if necessary, the floor. Concrete is made like this: 6 parts of crushed stone of small or medium fraction, 1 part of cement and 4 parts of sand. Water is added until a thick solution is obtained that does not flow from the shovel.

Reinforcement with a diameter of 8-12 mm or steel wire with a diameter of 6-8 mm is laid in the bottom of the pit and poured with concrete. The reinforcement is laid in increments of 30-40 cm. After the bottom has hardened (2-3 days), concrete rings can be installed.

For a cesspool with a volume of 5-6 m 3, 4-5 rings will be needed. Ring diameters can be from 800 to 1500 mm.

2. The seams between the rings must be concreted, and after the mortar has completely hardened, the top slab can be laid. While the concrete dries, you can connect the sewer pipes.

from brick

The bottom of the cesspool is done in exactly the same way as in the first case. The floor slab can be made of wood by impregnating the boards with creosote or bitumen.

Do not forget about the hole for ventilation and pumping.

It is undesirable to use a concrete slab for a brick pit, since it can crush the edges of the brick pit with its large weight.

The number of bricks for the cesspool is calculated as follows: the height of the walls must be divided by the height of the 1st brick and add 6-10 mm of joint thickness (cement mortar). The result will be the number of rows of bricks.

The use of cinder block, foam block or similar building materials is not recommended. Under the influence of moisture, the cinder block quickly collapses. Such a cesspool will last a very short time. The only plus of this material is fast and low-cost construction.

Multiple cleaning methods

There are at least four effective methods cleaning the cesspool with their own hands and with the help of specialists. Manual cleaning, pumping, assistance with sewage equipment and biological products. Let's consider each separately.

The work of biological products will bear fruit - the effluents will begin to be more actively absorbed into the soil and, perhaps, the pit will not even have to be pumped out. Chemical preparations are also produced, but they must be chosen very carefully.

Now you know about all the ways to clean the cesspool on your site. By doing everything according to the rules, you will clean the pit efficiently and quickly.

If there is no centralized sewage system near the house, then the arrangement of a cesspool can be considered as a solution to the problem. In any house where there is a supply of hot and cold water supply, there is a problem of collecting and discharging sewage.

A cesspool is the easiest sewer option in a private or country house, which you can do with your own hands.

Where should the cesspool be located?

To start, need to decide on a location on which the cesspool system will be equipped.

• directly on the site adjacent to a private or country house;
• arrangement is possible at a distance of at least 10 meters from the foundation of a residential building and other buildings on the backyard territory and to structures located in the neighborhood;

Important! This requirement is based on the fact that with a closer installation of an unsealed pit without pumping out, the foundations of nearby buildings can be destroyed, as well as their flooding.

• the distance from the pit to the fence is also regulated and must be at least one meter;
• depth should not be more than 3 meters. When choosing, you need to consider the depth of passage groundwater;
• the pit must be at a certain distance (25 meters) from drinking wells.

Given distance depends on the type of soil in the backyard:

• With clay soil - no closer than 20 meters;
• With loamy soil - no closer than 30 meters;
• With sandy and sandy soil - a cesspool cannot be installed closer than 50 meters from the well.

Do-it-yourself cesspool device

There are two main types of pit arrangement:

• sealed;
• plain without a bottom.

The option of arranging sewage in a country or private house is determined by the location of the territory, the daily amount of wastewater and the material capabilities of the owner of the site:

• if the daily amount of sewage is not more than one cubic meter, it is possible to build a simple system without a bottom and without pumping. In a pit of this type, effluents partially go into the ground, in which they are cleaned by anaerobic bacteria. An example of this cesspool is the classic rural toilet;
• with a large amount of wastewater (more than a cubic meter), the construction of a sealed structure is required, which needs to be pumped out from time to time.

This requirement is explained by the fact that in the absence of a bottom in the pit, waste water passes into the ground and cleaning is carried out by microorganisms located in the depths of the earth. But their cleaning capabilities are not unlimited.

With large amounts of wastewater, microorganisms cannot cope with water purification. In this case, wastewater will begin to pollute the adjacent area and it is possible that they will pass into the water-bearing soil layers with further contamination of the drinking well.

If you need to dispose of a large amount of wastewater, you can consider the arrangement of a septic tank with filtration fields.

Do-it-yourself ordinary sewer

The simplest waste system is done like this:

• digging a pit up to two meters deep, two meters wide and up to three meters long;
• the walls of the earth are laid or fixed;
• a layer of crushed stone is poured down;
• a protective cover with a cover is installed on top.

The main advantages of a pit without a bottom:

• ease of operation;
• low cost of construction and operation;
• simple and quick DIY construction.

Disadvantages of a pit without a bottom:

• groundwater level must be below the level of the sewage system;
• not suitable for sewerage of a large amount of sewage water;
• environmentally unsafe;
• possible unscheduled filling due to rainwater;
• has an unpleasant odor.

Sealed waste pit

A sealed sewage system is a sealed container where sewer water is pumped out through pipes. As the tank fills, sewage water must be pumped out with a special machine.

The main advantages of a sealed system:

• the installation site does not depend on the type of soil on the site;
• does not depend on the passage of groundwater;
• environmentally safe, sewer water does not enter the environment.

Cons of sealed design:

• there is a smell if the drive is made in the form of a well;
• monthly costs (you need to periodically call a sewage truck for pumping);
• relatively high construction cost.

What to build a drain pit with your own hands

Consider different types and ways to design drain systems that you can do yourself. They are conditionally divided into permanent and temporary.

From car tires

If you need a drain system for a toilet in a country house at minimal cost, you can make it yourself using old car tires.

This is a quick and budget option for the construction of a sewer pit. The design is pretty simple. A pit is being made, where old tires are stacked one on top of the other. A layer of crushed stone is poured on the bottom of the pit, if desired, the tires are sealed with a clay lock.

Advantages:

• if necessary, easily restored;
• durability;
• speed, simplicity and low cost of construction.

Disadvantages:

• tires rot over time;
• possibility negative impact on the environment with a high load on the structure;
• rapid siltation with insufficient cleaning and pumping out, as a result, useful area is lost.

From concrete rings

This is another way to quickly build drain system. Its design is similar to a well. Rings are stacked on top of each other. The connections between them, if desired, are sealed with a cement screed.

By its design, a sewer pit made of concrete rings refers more to hermetic structures. That's why you need to pump it regularly. Although there is an option to install a septic tank from concrete rings.

Main advantages:

• convenience of the device of a protective cover with the hatch;
• durability;
• the possibility of building with your own hands;
• relatively low cost.

Disadvantages:

• the possibility of an unpleasant odor from the ventilation pipes;
• the need for periodic pumping;
• laborious installation.

Drainage pit made of bricks

This is the most successful and optimal option if you need a drain system for a toilet or bath in a country house.

Advantages:

• ease of construction - almost any summer resident can handle bricklaying for a drain pit;
• environmental friendliness - the contents of the drain structure are periodically pumped out by a sewage machine.

Disadvantages:

• siltation. It is possible to prevent silting with the help of constant pumping out of the liquid in the storage tank;
• relatively short service life (up to 20 years), as a result of the destruction of bricks in adverse conditions drain system;
• Periodically, an unpleasant odor is likely to form. The use of various preparations that accelerate the processes of waste decomposition and timely pumping out of the drive can help to cope with this.

Construction of a brick pit

First you need to decide on the installation site of the drain pit, observing all the rules and taking into account ease of use.

We choose a design. Given the purpose, a drain brick pit can be rectangular, square or round.

We calculate the required volume, dimensions and prepare the pit for the pit.

With a rectangular design, we tilt the bottom towards the installation of the hatch. We pour a sand cushion at the bottom of the pit, with a layer of 20 cm and fill it with cement mortar. You can take a finished reinforced concrete slab of the required size. A cement screed is made on top.

We do wall laying. The optimal thickness of the walls is 30 cm. It is advisable to lay the walls in a checkerboard pattern in half a brick. Laying in a quarter of a brick is possible.

Then, when the walls are ready, you need to process them with bituminous mastic or make a clay castle from the outside for better sealing. If necessary, then plaster the inner surface.

Installation of the hatch and ceiling

Then, when the base of the drain pit is ready, we install a ceiling with a hatch. Overlap is required not less than 50 cm close the hole around the perimeter.

In the role of overlap, concrete slabs are chosen or logs are carefully laid. When arranging the cesspool floor, it is necessary to provide a location for the hatch. The hatch is made in the size of 70 cm.

On top of the stele overlap, waterproofing from a film or roofing felt. We cover the waterproofing with a layer of slag or soil measuring 0.5 m.

Attention! To protect against the appearance of a smell from the drain pit and its freezing, the hatch into the pit is installed double. The top cover is located on the surface of the earth, and the other at the level of the ceiling. The space that has appeared in the bow is filled with heat-insulating materials (slag, expanded clay, polystyrene, etc.).

Sewer pit from a barrel

This is an excellent option for arranging do-it-yourself water runoff with natural cleaning of the cesspool with small amounts of runoff (up to 1 cubic meter).

Barrel preparation:

• we use a 200 liter barrel, best of all from a material that does not corrode, we make holes in the wall in a checkerboard pattern for drainage with a drill or grinder. It is desirable to make holes with a distance of 15-25 centimeters;
• we tightly fasten a pipe to the bottom of the barrel for connecting a drain pipe. To ensure sealing, you can use silicone sealants. We process the connection area of ​​the pipe with mastic;
• we wrap the barrel with geotextile and firmly fasten it with twine. This is necessary to ensure that the tank is protected from soil and other foreign particles entering its structure while maintaining normal drainage.

Installation of a cesspool sewer system:

• we make a trench and lay sewer pipes, certainly with a slope;
• we prepare a pit with a depth and size slightly higher than the depth of the barrel;
• down the pit we fall asleep gravel or gravel with a layer of 20 cm;
• we put a barrel on this pillow and connect the drain pipe;
• the resulting space between the walls of the pit and the container is filled with gravel or gravel;
• We connect the sewer pipe to the installed pipe.

Now the sewer pit for your bath is ready. You can also make a drain hole for the toilet with your own hands.

As an option for arranging a home sewer system, you can consider the installation of a cesspool concrete drain pit.

Stages of construction of a concrete pit:

Using this technology, you can also make a drain hole for the toilet with your own hands.

Summarizing

There are quite a few options to build a drain cesspool yourself. Choosing a specific solution, taking into account specific conditions and material possibilities. You can also consider installing a septic tank or buying a ready-made kit for arranging a drain pit.

And we want life in the house or in the country to be just as comfortable. A properly arranged cesspool in a private house will help you create much-needed conditions away from civilization.

A do-it-yourself cesspool for a toilet will perfectly cope with its sanitary function, and will not require huge funds for its construction.

The ancient predecessor of such a pit was a pit dug in the ground, the walls of which were covered with clay and reinforced with boards. Such a cesspool for a toilet will fully satisfy the needs of summer residents who come to the site two days a week in the summer. But her device can ban SES.

The simplest design of a cesspool

If the owner of a private house has a certain amount of old tires, they can be used for this purpose. You just need to lay them in a dug pit, fastening them with bolts. On the side of the top tire, you just need to cut a hole for connecting a sewer pipe. Then the pit around the pit is covered with earth, and covered with a slab with a hole for and a hatch for pumping out.

All cesspools can be divided into three types:

Bottomless pits (absorbing)

Due to the lack of a bottom, liquid runoff, having passed through a layer of sand and gravel, passes into the ground. This option is the most economical, besides, the construction of such a pit can be carried out by an absolutely inexperienced performer. Absorbing pits are chosen for a country house, when there is no need to remove a large amount of waste. With significant volumes, runoff enters and pollutes the soil.

Sealed storage systems

These are closed containers made of plastic or. Such a pit will get rid of the problems associated with an unpleasant odor and soil pollution, but will force the owners to call a sewage truck several times a month to pump out accumulations. The easiest solution is to install a store-bought plastic container. It does not need to be sealed, but it is necessary to fill the bottom of the pit with cement and strengthen the walls. Such a plastic pit can be installed regardless of the level of groundwater.

Septic tanks

Are the best type of pits that produces mechanical cleaning drains. are single-chamber and multi-chamber.

Single-chamber is a well, the bottom of which is lined with rubble and broken bricks. Water, seeping into the ground after cleaning, is cleaned in the soil with the help of bacteria, and the earth is less polluted.

Multi-chamber is a system of several cameras. In the first, collection and rough cleaning takes place, while in others, special bacteria process polluting inclusions. The water can then be used for technical purposes. It is not easy to make such a septic tank.

To, you can again resort to worn out. For its installation, a pillow of crushed stone with sand and a small screed is enough.

• A concrete pipe with a diameter two times smaller than the size of the tires becomes vertically in the pit. Its top should be 10 cm below the height of the well.
• The bottom of the pipe is poured with concrete to form a concrete cylinder. At the top, holes are made for infiltration and for installing drain pipes that provide overflow.
• The drain pipe is inserted into this concrete container, and the entry points are sealed.

Making an absorbing hole

Residents of small country houses most often make this option with their own hands. The walls are laid out from or gas silicate blocks, but it is better to build them from concrete rings.

Hermetically sealed device

The principle of arrangement is similar, but it is not necessary to make holes for infiltration of drains and the bottom is completely concreted and reinforced. Walls are recommended to be sealed.

Brickwork will take much longer, while a concrete screed is also made at the bottom, and walls can be laid both in a circle and in the form of a square. The concrete platform needs to stand before the start of the masonry for a week.

Ready-made sets of cesspools

The arrangement of such a pit occurs extremely quickly.

• We swarm the pit according to the standard scheme.
• we make a pillow at the bottom of concrete and gravel. We give it a week to get stronger, slightly irrigating with water. We order a set with delivery by car with a manipulator. Inside, you can make an additional jumper to separate the polluted drain from the purified water.

Pumping and cleaning cesspools

Regardless of the type of cesspool, someday you will have to clean it. You can do this yourself with a fecal pump, but it's easier and more efficient to call the vacuum trucks.

Pumping out the cesspool with vacuum cleaners or a fecal pump will not completely solve the cleaning problem, as the sediment remains at the bottom. To solve this problem, special tools for cesspools are used.

In summer, biopreparations consisting of living microorganisms are effective and environmentally friendly, which accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. Bacteria minimize waste and eliminate bad odor. They begin to work two hours after entering the water, and in four they eliminate the unpleasant odor.

But these biological products function only in the warm period. In winter, you need to use chemicals. The best choice are nitrate oxidizers that are safe for humans and plants.

Sanitary standards

In order for the use of a cesspool not to cause problems, in the process of its construction, it is necessary to comply with SanPin norms:

• The distance to the well should be 30 m.
• The distance between the drive and the residential building should be 5-7 m.
• If a sealed drive is selected, the distance may be shorter.
• It is forbidden to use absorbent accumulators, with a daily waste volume of more than 1 cubic meter. m.
• For timely pumping of waste, it is necessary to organize the entrance of a sewage truck. The pit should have a depth of no more than 3 m.
• The lid should cover the cesspool tightly and be additionally insulated.

Video about arranging a cesspool with your own hands

Owners of suburban housing do not always manage to take advantage of the benefits of civilization, since in the villages there are rarely centralized systems for supplying water and draining wastewater. To solve the problem of water supply, as a rule, they build a well or a well, but you can organize the collection of wastewater different ways. One of the simplest is the construction of a cesspool - a reservoir into which effluents from the house will flow. Consider, how to make a cesspool in a private house.

Quite often, plots intended for summer cottage construction are at a considerable distance from sewer collectors. Therefore, already when planning the construction of a house, you should think about how wastewater will be disposed of.

Varieties of cesspools

It must be said that there are many options for arranging local sewage. This can be a fairly simple and cheap option, and the purchase of a plant that completely processes wastewater with the formation of technically pure water and sludge.

In the event that it is decided to use a simple option for constructing a local sewer, the owner should learn how to properly make a cesspool. Since this method requires a small investment of funds and labor.

Cesspools can be built using different materials, but these sewer structures are classified not on this basis, but on the principle of operation. There are two varieties:

• Filtering cesspools. In such devices, most of the liquid effluent is filtered into the ground.
• Sealed pits. These devices have waterproof walls, waste is pumped out of them using sewage equipment.

Advantages and disadvantages of filter pits

The main advantage of such a sewage device is the simplicity of its device. It is enough to make a pit of a suitable size, fill its bottom with rubble, and strengthen the walls with some kind of water-permeable material. For example, you can lay out the walls with bricks so that there are gaps in the masonry.

Effluent through the pipe will fall into the prepared container and settle. solid waste will settle to the bottom, the liquid will be filtered into the soil. Thanks to such a device, the pit will have to be cleaned quite rarely, since the main part of the drains is water, and not solid inclusions.

However, the filter pit also has a significant drawback, which crosses out all its advantages - hit dirty water into the ground worsens the ecological situation on the site. In addition, since today a lot of plumbing is being installed in summer cottages, the amount of drains has increased greatly and, often, the liquid does not have time to filter into the ground.

Advice! It is impossible not to mention another significant drawback of this method of wastewater disposal - an unpleasant odor that will spread throughout the site.

The construction of filter pits is prohibited in many densely built-up areas. It is impossible to build such sewer facilities on the territory of sanitary zones. But at dachas in villages remote from the city, filter pits continue to be built quite often. Such a sewer installation can be used if the total volume of wastewater is not more than a cubic meter per day.

Sealed storage

A pit latrine with sealed walls and bottom is an environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional solution. When using this option, runoff does not penetrate into the ground, so there is no threat of soil and water pollution.

However, this option also has its drawbacks, namely, a rather expensive service. The storage tank must be regularly cleaned of accumulated effluents using the services of companies providing sewage services.

Advice! To optimize your costs, you should choose the right drive size. In this case, you do not have to call the cesspools too often.

You can build a sealed storage tank yourself, the most optimal solution is to build a monolithic concrete tank. This design is reliable, in addition, it is completely sealed.

But building tanks from concrete rings or bricks is not the best choice. The fact is that such structures are prefabricated and at the joints do not provide a sufficient level of tightness.

Another option for building a storage tank is to install a finished plastic container. Such a polymer tank, made in the factory, is absolutely impervious to water. Tanks are produced in different sizes, so you can always choose the best option.

Choosing a site for the construction of a cesspool

Before starting construction, you need to determine the construction site, calculate the required volume of the tank and decide what materials will be used.

Where should the pit be placed?

When choosing the location of the pit, it is necessary to take into account the requirements that are formulated in SNiP 30-02-97. Basic moments:

• The pit must be at least 5 meters away from housing.
• You can not place a pit directly at the fence with a neighboring site, you should step back from the fence by at least a meter.
• It is imperative that the pit is located far from drinking water intake points. You need to retreat from the well by at least 30 meters in case of heavy, poorly permeable soils, and by at least 50 meters if the soil is sandy.

Particularly stringent requirements are imposed on the choice of location for the filter cesspool. If it is planned to install a storage tank, then the likelihood of contaminated water entering the ground is practically excluded. However, an emergency depressurization of the tank cannot be ruled out, so the storage tank must be installed at the maximum distance from the source of water intake.

When choosing a place to build a cesspool in the country, you need to take into account such an indicator as the level of groundwater rise. So, if the water rises high, then the filter pit will be constantly flooded and it will be impossible to use the sewer.

How to choose tank size

The size of the pit should be selected depending on the flow of water in the house. And this indicator, in turn, depends on the number of people in the house and equipping the house with plumbing. It is clear that the greater the flow of water, the larger the volume of the tank will be required.

Advice! To meet the needs of a family of 4, a cesspool with a volume of 12-18 cubic meters is required. In this case, as a rule, a hole 3 meters long and 2 meters wide is dug, the depth of the tank should be 3 meters.

What materials are used for construction

For the construction of the pit, it is required to use a material that is resistant to aggressive environments, which should include sewage. Thus, the use of wood or, for example, metal is unjustified, since these materials are quickly destroyed by moisture.

Most often, the following materials are used:

• Brick.
• Concrete. Concrete mortar is required to fill the bottom, in addition, formwork can be built to make monolithic walls of the tank.
• Finished products made of reinforced concrete - well rings.

Advice! Another option for constructing a cesspool is to install a ready-made plastic tank in a prepared pit. This method of construction requires much less labor and allows you to complete the work as quickly as possible.

Construction of a cesspool

Consider how the construction of a cesspool is made. First follows preparatory stage during which the necessary materials and tools are acquired. In addition, it will be necessary to make a fence around the construction site to eliminate the risk of accidentally falling into the pit.

Pit preparation

This stage is the most time-consuming, so if it is possible to use construction equipment, then it is worth doing. If this is not possible, the work will have to be done manually. After the pit is ready, you will need to prepare its bottom. For this:

• The bottom surface is tamped, making sure that there are no large stones, roots or other irregularities on it.
• Sand filling is carried out, pouring the material with a layer about 20 cm high. A sand cushion is necessary in order to compensate for seasonal soil movements during freezing and thawing.

• In most cases, concreting of the bottom of the tank is required. To perform this work, a concrete solution is used, which is prepared from a mixture of one part of cement, 4 parts of sand and 6 parts of fine gravel. The solution is poured onto the prepared surface and leveled. Then the solution should be allowed to solidify, and in summer heat it is required to cover the surface of the concreted area with a wet cloth so that the mortar dries evenly.

Tank wall construction

After the concrete at the bottom of the pit hardens, it will be possible to start building walls. The easiest way to install a finished container made of plastic. Such tanks, despite their large size, weigh a little, so when installing them, you can do without the use of lifting equipment.

In the event that it is planned to use well rings, it cannot be done without the use of lifting equipment. When constructing a tank from concrete rings, it is possible not to concret the bottom of the pit, since in addition to through rings, they also sell rings that have a bottom.

Most complex options construction - laying out the walls with bricks or building a monolithic tank. Undertaking the construction of such varieties of cesspools is recommended only for craftsmen with relevant experience.

Waterproofing and connection to the sewer

If a sealed tank is being constructed from brick or reinforced concrete rings, waterproofing measures must be taken. First, all joints are treated with mortar, if the walls are brick, then cement mortar has to cover the entire surface of the walls. Then it is required to provide additional protection against moisture.

To do this, you can use sheet materials, such as roofing material, or special mastics, which are applied with a brush or roller. The connection of the sewer pipe to the tank is made using a rubber connecting cuff.

Such a connection is not rigid, so it will not collapse when the soil moves. At the last stage of construction, backfilling of the tank is carried out, for this sand and soil removed from the pit are used.

So, if you want to improve a country house, you should learn how to make a cesspool. It is necessary to decide on the type of structure, decide from what materials the tank will be built, and choose the most suitable place for placement. After such preparation, you can proceed directly to the construction process.