1. Continue filling in the pivot table on p. thirteen
2. Argue the statement: "Among the various worms, annelids are the most highly organized"
Annelids for the first time have a secondary body cavity and a cellular structure of the skin. In internal structure appears circulatory system. excretory system represented by more developed metanephridia. Most of the rings are free-living, some have a semblance of legs - parapodia. All are bilaterally symmetrical. Have sense organs
3. Prove that the partitions in the body of an annelids perform a protective function
Each segment of annelids is separated by a septum and has a complete set of nerve nodes, nephridia, annular vessels and gonads. If the integrity of one segment is violated, this affects the vital activity of the worm to a small extent.
4. List the structural features that help the rings move well in various environments habitat
Some types of rings have parapodia and setae for locomotion. Those species that do not have parapodia have bristles or their body is covered with mucus for better gliding. Muscular system of all rings is represented by annular and longitudinal muscles
5. After studying the text of the paragraph, complete the diagrams
a) Digestive system of the rings
b) Nervous system of rings
c) Sense organs of rings
6. What happens if the body of the ring is divided into several parts?
Regeneration can occur and the worm will restore the lost parts. That is, it will happen asexual reproduction
7. Is it possible sexual reproduction rings without the formation of a girdle?
Maybe. In some polychaete worms living in the seas and belonging to the type Annelids, reproduction occurs in water, fertilization is external. But in most rings, reproduction occurs with the help of a girdle.
8. How are the number of eggs laid in caring for offspring related?
There is a direct relationship between the number of eggs laid and the care of offspring. Some polychaetes lay few eggs, and the female guards them. This means that the annelids are more advanced than the previous types of worms.
9. Name it all possible ways polychaete nutrition
Among the polychaete worms there are predators that feed on small marine animals. There are omnivores that filter water and feed on plants.
10. Complete the sentences
The development of polychaetes occurs with the alternation of life forms. Their larvae do not look like adults. Each life form performs various functions: reproduction, resettlement, self-preservation. Some polychaetes have care of offspring
11. Finish the scheme
The value of polychaetes in nature
1. Filter water
2. They are fish food
3. They feed on the remains of dead animals
12. What are the differences in the nutrition of polychaete and oligochaete worms?
Small-bristle worms feed on organic matter from the plant remains of the soil, and among the polychaetes there are predators, omnivores, and herbivores
13. What do protozoa and oligochaetes have in common in adaptations to endure adverse conditions?
To endure unfavorable conditions, many protozoa form a cyst, and oligochaetes form a protective capsule, and fall into diapause. These formations are similar in their functions.
14. Using the text and drawings of the textbook, study the structure earthworm and then do laboratory work No. 3 " External structure earthworm." Make a drawing of an earthworm, marking the anterior and posterior ends of the body, segments, girdle, bristles.
Draw a conclusion about what structural features allow worms to lead an underground lifestyle
Conclusion: The primary cavity of the body is the supporting one. It contains a liquid that gives the body of the worm elasticity.
15. List character traits leeches:
1) Constant number of body segments
2) The presence of suction cups for attaching to the body of the victim or the substrate
3) Absence of bristles on the body
4) All leeches live in aquatic environment
16. Name 2 types of food for leeches
17. Look at the pictures. Sign what type and class these worms belong to
18. After studying the text of the paragraph, explain why leeches are more sensitive than other worms to changes in the environment.
Leeches nervous system better developed
19. Is the statement true: “It is difficult for oligochaetes to breathe in dirty water, but leeches feel good”?
The statement is not correct. Leeches are very sensitive to the purity of water and die when it is contaminated. Oligochaetes, on the other hand, endure water pollution and can live in such reservoirs for a long time.
20. What happens if leeches stop producing hirudia?
Hirudin is necessary to prevent blood clotting on the wound of the victim and in the stomach of the leech itself. If it is not produced, the leech will not be able to feed, as the blood will clot
21. What is the purpose of buying leeches in a pharmacy?
Leeches are used in medicine to reduce blood pressure in hypertension and the threat of hemorrhage, stroke
22. Specify the characteristics corresponding to each class of annelids
A - 1, 2, 8, 10, 16
B - 4, 6, 11, 12, 17
B - 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 15
Crossword #1. "Worms"
1. Capsule
3. Polychaetes
4. Cavity
5. Chain
6. Oligochetes
8. Breath
Keyword: rings
Hirudotherapy is a treatment with leeches. The method in medicine is far from new, but how much do we know about it? In particular - how can it be dangerous for patients?
What is the method of hirudotherapy?
The essence of the method of hirudotherapy is that the patient is surrounded by leeches. Although there are about 400 species of these blood-sucking worms in nature, only three of them are used for treatment: pharmaceutical, medicinal and oriental leeches, united under the name "medical leech".
When bitten by leeches, their saliva enters the blood, which contains more than 150 types of various enzymes and useful substances, the main of which is hirudin. They thin the blood, dissolve existing cholesterol plaques and blood clots and prevent the formation of new ones, stop inflammatory processes, restore proper blood and lymph circulation.
What diseases are treated with leeches?
The properties of leeches make it possible to actively use hirudotherapy for the treatment of a number of diseases. These are cardiovascular, gynecological and urological ailments; diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland, spine and joints; problems in terms of otolaryngology, dermatology, metabolism, eye pathologies. Also, this technique acts as a sedative for various diseases of the nervous system, stress and insomnia. A couple of centuries ago, when medicine was not yet so developed, most diseases were treated with leeches, especially those associated with blood stasis.
Hirudotherapy can also be used for preventive purposes: to normalize the work of the whole organism as a whole, to increase immunity. It often speeds up the recovery process after severe illnesses. Hirudotherapy is also used in the field of cosmetology, to combat overweight and cellulite. Many people claim that after hirudotherapy sessions they feel more alert, more energetic and even younger.
What harm can hirudotherapy cause?
Meanwhile, this method of treatment is by no means safe. First of all, you risk if you decide to conduct hirudotherapy sessions at home. Today, leeches are even sold in pharmacies, but they do not always have the appropriate certificate. The fact is that these may turn out to be wild leeches, caught in an unknown place and given out as medical ones grown in special biofactories.
Wild leeches can carry serious diseases. It is better not to engage in such therapy at home at all, since there may be many nuances known only to physicians. And, of course, before using hirudotherapy, you must carefully consult with your doctor.
You can not put leeches with poor blood clotting, anemia, a tendency to bleeding, malignant tumors, with damage to the skin. Also, some people may be allergic to leeches. Some experts believe that hirudotherapy is contraindicated during pregnancy.
In addition, as a result of hirudotherapy, patients may experience consequences in the form of bleeding, dermatitis, ulceration and suppuration. You may also experience pain during and after procedures.
There are also fundamental opponents of such treatment, who argue that hirudotherapy only removes the symptoms, and does not treat the causes of ailments.
To reduce the likelihood negative consequences at a minimum, you need to contact an experienced hirudotherapist who has official documents confirming his qualifications.
Message Hirudotherapy: what is the danger of treatment with leeches? first appeared on Umnaya.
10. Classes of rings
1. Continue filling in the pivot table on p. thirteen
2. Argue the statement: "Among the various worms, annelids are the most highly organized."
Annelids for the first time have a secondary body cavity and a cellular structure of the skin. The circulatory system appears in the internal structure. The excretory system is represented by more developed metanephridia. Most of the rings are free-living, some have a semblance of legs - parapodia. All are bilaterally symmetrical. There are sense organs.
3. Prove that the partitions present in the body of an annelids perform a protective function.
Each segment of annelids is separated by a septum and has a complete set of nerve nodes, nephridia, annular vessels and gonads. If the integrity of one segment is broken, this affects the vital activity of the worm to a small extent.
4. List structural features that help rings move well in various habitats.
Some types of rings have parapodia and setae for locomotion. Those species that do not have parapodia have bristles or their body is covered with mucus for better gliding. Developed vision, touch, balance, hearing
5. After studying the text of the paragraph, complete the diagrams
BUT) Digestive system of the annulus- genus, pharynx, esophagus, midgut, hindgut, anus
B) Nervous system of rings- peripharyngeal ring, ventral nerve cord
AT) Sense organs of rings- sight, touch, taste, smell, hearing, balance
6. What happens if the body of the ring is divided into several parts?
Regeneration can take place, and the lost parts will be restored.
7. Is sexual reproduction of rings possible without the formation of a girdle?
Impossible, eggs are coming into the girdle.
8. How are the number of eggs laid in caring for offspring related?
The fewer eggs, the more actively the female guards them.
9. Name all possible ways of feeding polychaetes.
Among the polychaete worms there are predators that feed on small marine animals. There are omnivores that filter water and feed on plants.
10. Complete the sentences.
The development of polychaetes occurs with alternationlife forms . Their larvae not alike on adults. Each life form has a different function: care of offspring .
11. Complete the diagram "The Importance of Polychaetes in Nature"
The value of polychaetes in nature:
- water filtration
- food for fish and aquatic animals
- destruction of decaying residues in water bodies
12. What are the differences in the nutrition of polychaete and oligochaete worms?
The oligochaete worms feed on organic matter from the plant residues of the soil, while among the polychaetes there are predators, omnivores, and herbivores.
13. What do protozoa and oligochaetes have in common in adaptations to endure adverse conditions?
Oligochaetes and protozoa are undemanding to the oxygen content and are resistant to adverse conditions. To endure unfavorable conditions, many protozoa form a cyst, and oligochaetes form a protective capsule, and fall into diapause. These formations are similar in their functions.
14. Using the text and drawings of the textbook, study the structure of the earthworm, and then do laboratory work No. 3 "The external structure of the earthworm." Make a drawing of an earthworm, marking the anterior and posterior ends of the body, segments, girdle, bristles.
Draw a conclusion about what structural features allow worms to lead an underground lifestyle.
Conclusion:
The body of the earthworm has a streamlined shape, which allows it to move freely underground. On the sides of each body segment there are two pairs of short bristles that help the worm move in the soil.
The longitudinal and annular muscles are well developed, the worm constantly reduces and compresses them, which helps it not only move underground, but also expand its passage.
15. List the characteristic features of leeches:
16. Name 2 types of food for leeches.
17. Look at the pictures. Sign what type and class these worms belong to.
Type annelids
Class Tubifex
Type Round
Ascaris class
Leech Type
Class Snail
Type Annelids
Nemertin class
Type Flatworms
Class Ciliary worms
Type Flatworms
Class Tapeworm
18. Having studied the text of the paragraph, explain why leeches are more sensitive than other worms to changes in the environment.
Leeches are very sensitive to the purity of the water in which they live, therefore, if it is contaminated, they die.
19. Is the statement true: “It is difficult for oligochaetes to breathe in dirty water, but leeches feel good”?
Not true. Oligochetes are unpretentious to the purity of water and the absence of oxygen, therefore they can live in polluted water bodies, but there are no leeches.
20. What happens if leeches stop producing hirudia?
Hirudin is necessary to prevent blood clotting on the wound of the victim and in the stomach of the leech itself. If it is not produced, the leech will not be able to feed, as the blood will clot.
21. What is the purpose of buying leeches in a pharmacy?
Leeches are used in medicine to reduce blood pressure in hypertension and the threat of hemorrhage, stroke.
22. Specify the characteristics corresponding to each class of annelids.
Annelids type classes:
A - Class Polychaete worms
B - Class Small-bristle worms
B - Class Leeches
A - 2, 9, 16, 7, 17, 6
B - 10, 1, 12, 14, 15, 5
B - 13, 3, 8, 11, 15, 4
1. Continue filling in the pivot table on p. thirteen
2. Argue the statement: "Among the various worms, annelids are the most highly organized"
Annelids for the first time have a secondary body cavity and a cellular structure of the skin. The circulatory system appears in the internal structure. The excretory system is represented by more developed metanephridia. Most of the rings are free-living, some have a semblance of legs - parapodia. All are bilaterally symmetrical. Have sense organs
3. Prove that the partitions in the body of an annelids perform a protective function
Each segment of annelids is separated by a septum and has a complete set of nerve nodes, nephridia, annular vessels and gonads. If the integrity of one segment is violated, this affects the vital activity of the worm to a small extent.
4. List structural features that help rings move well in various habitats
Some types of rings have parapodia and setae for locomotion. Those species that do not have parapodia have bristles or their body is covered with mucus for better gliding. The muscular system of all rings is represented by annular and longitudinal muscles
5. After studying the text of the paragraph, complete the diagrams
a) Digestive system of the rings
b) Nervous system of rings
c) Sense organs of rings
6. What happens if the body of the ring is divided into several parts?
Regeneration can occur and the worm will restore the lost parts. That is, asexual reproduction occurs.
7. Is sexual reproduction of rings possible without the formation of a girdle?
Maybe. In some polychaete worms living in the seas and belonging to the type Annelids, reproduction occurs in water, fertilization is external. But in most rings, reproduction occurs with the help of a girdle.
8. How are the number of eggs laid in caring for offspring related?
There is a direct relationship between the number of eggs laid and the care of offspring. Some polychaetes lay few eggs, and the female guards them. This means that the annelids are more advanced than the previous types of worms.
9. Name all possible ways of feeding polychaetes
Among the polychaete worms there are predators that feed on small marine animals. There are omnivores that filter water and feed on plants.
10. Complete the sentences
The development of polychaetes occurs with the alternation of life forms. Their larvae do not look like adults. Each life form has a different function: reproduction, resettlement, self-preservation. Some polychaetes have care of offspring
11. Finish the scheme
The value of polychaetes in nature
1. Filter water
2. They are fish food
3. They feed on the remains of dead animals
12. What are the differences in the nutrition of polychaete and oligochaete worms?
Small bristle worms feed on organic matter from plant residues of the soil, and among polychaetes there are predators, omnivores, and herbivores.
13. What do protozoa and oligochaetes have in common in adaptations to endure adverse conditions?
To endure unfavorable conditions, many protozoa form a cyst, and oligochaetes form a protective capsule, and fall into diapause. These formations are similar in their functions.
14. Using the text and drawings of the textbook, study the structure of the earthworm, and then do laboratory work No. 3 "The external structure of the earthworm." Make a drawing of an earthworm, marking the anterior and posterior ends of the body, segments, girdle, bristles.
Draw a conclusion about what structural features allow worms to lead an underground lifestyle
Conclusion: The primary cavity of the body is the supporting one. It contains a liquid that gives the body of the worm elasticity.
15. List the characteristic features of leeches:
1) Constant number of body segments
2) The presence of suction cups for attaching to the body of the victim or the substrate
3) Absence of bristles on the body
4) All leeches live in the aquatic environment
16. Name 2 types of food for leeches
17. Look at the pictures. Sign what type and class these worms belong to
18. After studying the text of the paragraph, explain why leeches are more sensitive than other worms to changes in the environment.
Leeches have a better developed nervous system
19. Is the statement true: “It is difficult for oligochaetes to breathe in dirty water, but leeches feel good”?
The statement is not correct. Leeches are very sensitive to the purity of water and die when it is contaminated. Oligochaetes, on the other hand, endure water pollution and can live in such reservoirs for a long time.
20. What happens if leeches stop producing hirudia?
Hirudin is necessary to prevent blood clotting on the wound of the victim and in the stomach of the leech itself. If it is not produced, the leech will not be able to feed, as the blood will clot
21. What is the purpose of buying leeches in a pharmacy?
Leeches are used in medicine to reduce blood pressure in hypertension and the threat of hemorrhage, stroke
22. Specify the characteristics corresponding to each class of annelids
A - 1, 2, 8, 10, 16
B - 4, 6, 11, 12, 17
B - 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 15
Crossword #1. "Worms"
1. Capsule
3. Polychaetes
4. Cavity
5. Chain
6. Oligochetes
8. Breath
Keyword: rings
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