According to Life, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree establishing the International Bureau of Investigation of Air Accidents and Serious Incidents. The new structure is designed to fulfill the functions of the IAC, created back in 1991. The new structure will include specialists from Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, which are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The doors to the new international organization are also open to other CIS countries.
Part of the functions of the IAC for the certification of aircraft, engines and airfields is planned to be transferred to the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Federal Air Transport Agency.
Thus, according to the instructions of the Prime Minister, the functions of the IAC for certification of types of aircraft will be transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency, airfields - to the Ministry of Transport, and engines and propellers - to the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Previously, these functions were delegated to the MAC, in fact, on a voluntary basis.
The government believes that, unlike the MAC, the new Bureau will investigate not only accidents, but also serious incidents that differ not only in consequences, but also in circumstances.
The main function of the new structure is an expert investigation into the circumstances of aviation accidents, says a Life source in the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation notes that after the formation of national air legislation in Russia and other CIS countries, the 1991 agreement on the creation of the IAC "has largely lost its functions."
The new structure will include Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan - members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Negotiations with the countries belonging to the EurAsEC took place throughout 2018. It was about their entry into the International Bureau of Investigation of Air Accidents and Serious Incidents.
According to Oleg Panteleyev, executive director of the Aviaport company, if the creation of a new investigation body is not hastily, the new bureau will have time to prepare personnel, scientific, technical and material base for its work. At the same time, maintaining cooperation with the IAC in this area will make it possible to use the achievements of highly qualified specialists and international contacts.
Life's sources in the aviation industry express another version of the creation of the International Bureau of Investigation of Air Accidents and Serious Incidents in the Eurasian economic union(EAEU). In their opinion, this is how the Federal Air Transport Agency is trying to take control of the system of independent investigations that the IAC has been conducting for 27 years.
Honored Pilot of the Russian Federation, Hero of Russia Magomed Tolboev says that he does not understand why create a new structure for the investigation of aviation accidents in the CIS countries and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), if competent specialists worked in the IAC.
Experts associate the problems of the IAC in Russia with its legal status in the country.
On the one hand, the IAC is the federal executive body of the Russian Federation responsible for investigating aircraft accidents, and on the other hand, it is an interstate structure that is not accountable to Russia. This is the legal conflict.
The MAK, its officials, as well as the decisions they make are not under the control of the administrative and judicial system Russian Federation. Consequently, the IAC is a supranational body, absolutely free to make any decisions, which excludes legal mechanisms for holding its officials accountable, and also does not allow using the means of judicial and administrative protection of the violated rights of aviation entities provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, - lawyer Alexander Ostrovsky explained to Life .
Now the IAC is investigating all aviation accidents with aircraft of the states parties to the agreement, both on their territories and outside them, as well as within the framework of agreements concluded with other states. The main principle of the IAC investigation system is independence, which is in line with the recommendations of the International Organization civil aviation(ICAO), International Association Air Transport (IATA) and the Directive of the European Community regarding the independent investigation of aircraft accidents.
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) was established on December 30, 1991. The parties to this agreement to date are the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, the Republic of Uzbekistan and Ukraine.
The IAC itself refused to tell Life the details about the creation of a new structure.
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) does not comment on the decisions of the state bodies of the Russian Federation, the IAC told Life.
According to Life, Russia may announce its withdrawal from the IAC at the next meeting of the executive committee, which will lead to a chain reaction.
It cannot be ruled out that, following Russia, representatives of other participating countries will also announce their withdrawal from the founders of the IAC. Then the organization will simply cease to exist, - said the interlocutor of Life, who is familiar with the situation.
Almost a detective story! And, it seems, with the continuation ... In November 2015, the government of the Russian Federation decided to redistribute the functions of the Interstate aviation committee(MAK) between the Ministry of Transport, the Federal Air Transport Agency and the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
According to this decision, the functions of determining the procedure for certification of international and commercial airports, types of aircraft and a number of other important aviation systems were transferred to the Ministry of Transport. The process of certification and verification of certification requirements should be carried out by specialists from the Federal Air Transport Agency. The Ministry of Industry and Trade received the authority to certify enterprises related to the production of aircraft. And an incomprehensible fuss began.
The pressure on the IAC began when, as part of the development of the Federal Law-253 of July 21, 2014, amendments were made to Art. 8 of the Air Code of the Russian Federation in terms of empowering the Federal Air Transport Agency to issue permits to developers and manufacturers of civil aircraft.
Without logic
Since the initiators of the changes did not imagine how the “innovations” would start working in practice, with the adoption of this law, the previously existing government documents, according to which the MAK performed the functions of an authorized body for certification of developers and manufacturers in the Russian Federation, were not canceled or changed. And the Aviation Register of the IAC continued to work in all directions. The final start to the previously adopted decisions was given in November 2015.
According to aviation experts, the situation unfolding around the IAC has no logic. After all, the entire contractual base with EASA, FAA and ICAO hangs on it. When transferring the functions of the Federal Air Transport Agency, all of it "flies", not only in Russia, but throughout the entire aviation space former USSR. MAC is the regulator of everything post-Soviet space and speaks on behalf of all the former pieces of the Union in the external aviation field. Even Ukraine, which, in defiance of Russia (by the way, it was under Viktor Yanukovych) introduced its own register system, then, having come to its senses, did not begin to break ties with the IAC. Having started the process of creating a national register, she ran into the impossibility of creating an external contractual and legal base in the global aviation space, which the IAC has.
Drawn certificates
At the end of 2015, the head of the government of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev, made the final decision on the actual liquidation of this institution. It should be noted that Mr. Medvedev has long disliked MAK. After the crash of the Yak-42 aircraft in Yaroslavl, it can be said that Medvedev stopped the operation of this type of aircraft. POPPY considers: the equipment was in order, but there are questions about the work of the Federal Air Transport Agency. I remember that then the testing of flight schools began, they caught someone on fictitious diplomas and false certificates. But the matter was hushed up.
In connection with this disaster, Alexander Neradko, head of the Federal Air Transport Agency, supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, launched an attack on the MAK. Minister Denis Manturov has his own interest. He repeatedly tried to push through the IAC the issuance of a developer and manufacturer certificate for the Russian Helicopters JSC (VR) he created. And I regularly received an answer: for certification in accordance with AP-21, it is required to prepare the necessary documents (including actual material production). But BP is a bureaucratic superstructure of about 800 people. She is an ordinary shareholder of a number of helicopter assets, each of which has its own production certificates.
and / or the development of aviation technology, does not have on its balance sheet. After several attempts to persuade the leadership of the MAC, Manturov, apparently, began to “draw” certificates from the Ministry of Industry and Trade himself. But it’s just that no one outside of Russia still recognizes them. However, this does not prevent companies from selling them at a reasonable price, receiving fees for "certification".
What will destruction lead to?
The Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSVTS), which, together with BP, came up with its own system of external “military certification” of repair enterprises, also had its own interest in “overclocking” the MAC. Although it seems that this is a completely illegal act, since in other countries military trade and repair services are regulated in the same way as in the Russian Federation, at the level of special national regulators.
Thus, it turns out that the group of persons interested in the liquidation of the IAC is Denis Manturov (Minister of Industry and Trade), the leadership of the FSMTC and Alexander Neradko (Rosaviatsiya), and headed it on behalf of Dmitry Medvedev Arkady Dvorkovich. This group organized the “collision” with the MAK.
Undoubtedly, in many areas there are questions about the activities of the IAC and its leader, Tatyana Anodina. But this cannot be the reason for the destruction of an entire interstate institution on which the entire contractual base on aviation issues rests. The destruction of the IAC will entail the collapse of the entire external contractual base, not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the countries of the former USSR.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade switched the arrows
Against the background of the desire of the Russian authorities to integrate the states of the former Soviet Union into a single system, the collapse of the IAC (a ready-made integrator of the aviation space) looks like the absence of any elementary state logic.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade, having faced big problems in matters of reorganization, has already switched the arrows to the Federal Air Transport Agency. And Russia sent out official notification notes that the functions of the IAC are being transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency. But not a single one received a positive response.
The organizers of the destruction of the MAK did not attach importance to the fact that aviation security issues are not regulated by notification. There is a bilateral principle of recognition of qualifications and other attributes of this direction.
The US and the EU have aligned their positions for eight years, and this is with a completely favorable attitude. No one knows how many Alexander Neradko will join them in the current conditions of Russia's confrontation with the West.
To create a contractual framework with EASA, it is necessary to sign an intergovernmental agreement with the European Commission. But this is a big problem, because if at least one EU state is against it, then Russia will not see such an agreement.
And before it's too late, this process must be urgently stopped. Since the decision to transfer to the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation the functions previously performed by the IAC, the proper execution of the powers assigned to the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Federal Air Transport Agency in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 28, 2015 No. 1283 has not been organized.
In a high risk area
Russian aviation industry is in a zone of high risk of zeroing the export potential for civil aviation products (programs SSJ, MS-21, helicopters Mi-172, Mi-171A1, Ka-32A11BC, etc.) at least throughout the entire period of work on recognition new system certification. Considering that in modern world Since there is a high level of competition in the aviation sector, it can be assumed that the reformatting of aviation regulation will be used by external competitors both in the global market and to obtain preferences within Russia in exchange for even partial recognition of the new certification system.
To get out of this situation, it would be useful to cancel earlier decisions made and return to the already created system based on the IAC, carry out a change of leadership within the framework of Russian law in this organization. And also to convene the Council on Aviation and the Use of Airspace. Approve a new candidate for the post of chairman. Adopt updated rules of procedure for the work of the Council. But the professional competence of the new leader must be recognized by ICAO and other international aviation structures. Lawyers and "effective managers" will not be accepted there.
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) is the executive body of 11 states of the former USSR (Commonwealth of Independent States) for functions and powers delegated by states in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace.
The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency European Union on the regulation and execution of tasks in the field of civil aviation security.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the central authority government controlled USA in the field of civil aviation.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that establishes international standards for civil aviation and coordinates its development in order to improve safety and efficiency.
The Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSMTC of Russia) is the federal executive body of Russia, exercising control and supervision in the field of military-technical cooperation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
International aviation organizations
transport - are divided into intergovernmental (MMAO) and non-governmental (MNAO). MMAOs are created by states on the basis of international treaties that define the goals and objectives of organizations, membership in them, the rights and obligations of their participants, the structure and competence of working bodies, etc. MMAOs are recognized as subjects international law. They are entitled to conclude international treaties with states and among themselves and are responsible for the observance of treaties, to adopt recommendations and other legal acts.
Depending on the circle of participants, MMAOs are universal, for example (ICAO), or regional (EKAK, Eurocontrol, AFKAK, ASEKNA, KOKESNA, LAKAK, KAKAS). They have a similar structure: the highest governing body is the Assembly, the Plenary session, etc.; The current activities of the MMAO are provided by the executive bodies. Under the executive bodies in some MMAOs, special committees or commissions subordinate to them are created, which develop organizational, technical, administrative, legal issues of civil aviation activities. The supreme governing bodies of the MMAO during the sessions approve the reports of the executive bodies, hear the reports of committees and experts, adopt resolutions and recommendations.
European Civil Aviation Conference(EKAK) was established in 1954, headquartered in Strasbourg, EKAK members are 22 European states. Admission of new members from among European states - only with the general consent of all members of EKAK. The objectives of the EKAK: to promote cooperation between European states in the field of air transport for its more efficient and orderly development, to ensure the systematization and standardization of common technical requirements to new aviation equipment, including air navigation equipment and a communication system, research into flight safety issues, collection of statistical data on flight accidents. The highest governing body is the Plenary Conference, the highest executive bodies are the Coordinating Committee and standing committees. EKAK decisions are advisory in nature. EKAK cooperates with more than 20 MMAOs and MNAOs related to air transport - IATA, EARO, Eurocontrol, ICAA and others - and is obliged to submit annual reports to the Consultative Assembly of the European Union.
African Civil Aviation Commission(AFKAK) established in 1969, headquarters in Dakar, members of AFCAK - 41 states; they can be any African states - members of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and interested in the activities of the Economy, the UN Commission for Africa (ECA). Goals of AFKAK: development of a common policy of AFKAK member states in the use of civil aviation, discussion and necessary measures for cooperation and coordination of their activities in the field of civil aviation, promotion of more efficient use and improvement of African air transport. AFKAK is also involved in the study of the standardization of airborne equipment and ground facilities, the consideration of tariffs in Africa and other issues. The supreme body of AFCAK is the Plenary session, the highest executive body is the Bureau. AFKAK decisions are advisory in nature. In carrying out its tasks, AFCAC cooperates closely with the OAU and ICAO, and may also cooperate with any other international organization in the field of civil aviation.
Latin American Civil Aviation Commission(LAKAK) established in 1973, headquarters in Lima, members of LAKAK - 19 states. LACAC members can only be the states of South and Central America, including Panama, Mexico and the states located in the basin caribbean. Objectives of LACAC: collection and publication of statistical data on air traffic by points of departure and destination, study of tariff policy in the field of air transport, development of recommendations on compliance with tariffs in the implementation of international air transport in the region, creation of its own legal mechanism for ensuring tariff compliance and imposition of sanctions, Supreme the governing body is the Assembly, the highest executive body is the Executive Committee. LACAC cooperates with ICAO and other international organizations in the field of civil aviation. LAKAK is an advisory body, therefore its decisions and recommendations require the approval of each of its members.
Arab Civil Aviation Council(KAKAS) was established in 1967, headquarters in Rabat, members - 20 states. Any member state of the League of Arab States can be a member of CACAS. Objectives of CACAS: study international standards and ICAO recommendations of interest to Arab countries, international agreements in the field of civil aviation, management scientific research on various aspects of air transport and air navigation, promotion of information dissemination, settlement of disputes, disagreements between CACAS member states, planning of education and training of specialists from Arab countries in civil aviation services. The activities of CACAS contribute to increasing the efficiency of regular international air transportation performed by the airlines of the Arab States, expanding domestic and international routes, modernizing existing air navigation facilities and using modern equipment for air traffic services in the region. The supreme governing body is the Council, the executive bodies are the Executive Committee and permanent subcommittees. KAKAS cooperates with ICAO, AFKAK, EKAK and other international organizations in the field of civil aviation.
European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation(Eurocontrol) established in 1960, headquartered in Brussels, members - 10 European countries. Membership is open to everyone European countries subject to the consent of all Eurocontrol members. The objectives of Eurocontrol are to ensure air navigation and flight safety, to control and coordinate the movement of civil aviation aircraft and air force in the upper airspace over the territory of the member states of Eurocontrol, the development of unified flight rules and the activities of air navigation services. The supreme governing body is the Permanent Commission, consisting of representatives of states in the rank of ministers of civil aviation and defense, the highest executive bodies are the Air Traffic Services Agency, the Committee of Governors, the Secretariat. Eurocontrol cooperates with ICAO, IATA and other international organizations in the field of civil aviation.
Agency for the Safety of Air Navigation in Africa and Madagascar(ASECNA) established in 1960, headquarters in Dakar, members of ASECNA - 13 African states. Membership is open to African States subject to the consent of all ASECNA members. ASECNA goals: ensuring the regularity and safety of aircraft flights over the territory of ASECNA member states, management, operation and maintenance of airfields, mediation in the provision of financial and technical assistance. The highest governing body is the Administrative Council, the highest executive bodies are the General Directorate, representative offices. Council decisions are binding on member states. ASECNA cooperates with ICAO in the preparation and implementation of the recommendations of the ICAO Assembly.
Central American Air Navigation Services Organization(COQUESNA) established in 1960, headquartered in Tegucigalpa, members of COQUESNA are 5 Central American states. Objectives of COQESNA: provision of air navigation services for flights over the territory of COQESNA member states and other areas specified in international agreements, provided for in the ICAO regional plan, to airports and air navigation equipment of member states. The highest governing body is the Administrative Council, the highest executive bodies are the Technical Commission, the Secretariat. KOKESNA receives technical assistance from ICAO and the Agency international development the United States, which is interested in this organization, since American airlines own a large number of aircraft served by COQUESNA.
The activities of the MNAO, whose members in most cases are legal entities(transport companies), dedicated to special issues international air communications. The statutes of the MNAO determine their goals, objectives, membership, rights and obligations of members of the organization, the structure and competence of the working bodies, and the main areas of activity. MNAO in their activities are guided by domestic legislation and international law. MNAO actively cooperate with ICAO and have observer status in ICAO. MNAO, on assignment from ICAO, prepare expert opinions on issues of their specialization.
International Air Transport Association(IATA) was established in 1945, headquarters in Montreal, full and associate members of IATA - 188 airlines from 117 countries. "" - a member of IATA since 1989. Associate members of IATA are airlines that operate domestic flights, they use an advisory vote in IATA. Since 1980, "partial" membership has been allowed in IATA for those airlines that do not want to participate in the setting of air transport tariffs. Objectives of IATA: to promote the development of safe, regular and economical air transport, to encourage aviation commercial activities and study related problems, to ensure the development of cooperation between airlines involved in air services. IATA generalizes and disseminates experience in the economic and technical operation of airlines, develops standard ones between airlines, organizes the coordination of flight schedules between airlines and their work with agents selling transportation. The supreme body is the General Assembly, the executive body is the Executive Committee (it is appointed CEO). The position of President, elected by the General Assembly, is mostly honorary. The main IATA bodies also include transportation conferences, which develop passenger and freight rates and rules for their application, uniform general conditions of transportation, passenger service standards, samples of transportation documentation, etc. For the tariffs developed by IATA to come into force, it is necessary to approval by the governments concerned. IATA works closely with ICAO and other international organizations.
International Civil Airports Association(ICAA) established in 1962, headquarters in Paris, full members - 113 (208 airports from 65 countries); associated - 19; honorary - 4. Sheremetyevo Airport - a member of ICAA. Main tasks: promoting the development of cooperation between civil airports of all countries, the development of common positions of ICAA members, as well as the development of civil airports in the interests of air transport in general, ICAA has a special UN consultative status on the construction and operation of airports. The supreme body is the General Assembly, the governing body is the Administrative Council, the executive bodies are the Executive Committees and the General Secretariat. The Association cooperates with ICAO, aircraft manufacturers and other international organizations.
International Federation of Airline Pilots' Associations(IFALPA) was established in 1948, headquartered in London, IFALPA members are 66 national associations, including Russian pilots of international airlines. The goals of IFALPA are to protect the interests of pilots and increase their role in the development of a safe and regular system of air communications, cooperation and unity of action of civil aviation pilots. IFALPA promotes the development of aviation technology, strives to ensure that the operation of new types of aircraft at the same time provides safe and comfortable working conditions for pilots. The Federation defends the profession, the interests of pilots, assists its associations in establishing fair and reasonable wages and working hours. The highest governing body is the Conference, the highest executive body is the Bureau. IFALPA actively cooperates with other international aviation organizations.
International Society for Aeronautical Telecommunications(SITA) established in 1949, headquartered in Brussels, members - 206 airlines from 98 countries. Aeroflot has been a member of SITA since 1958. The goals of SITA are: study, creation, acquisition, application and operation in all countries of the means necessary for the transmission and processing of information related to the work of airlines - members of SITA. The highest governing body is the General Assembly, the highest executive body is the Board of Directors, which includes the CEOs of SITA member airlines. From the Board of Directors, the General Assembly appoints the Executive Committee, which manages the day-to-day activities of the company. SITA cooperates with IATA in its activities.
International Federation of Independent Air Transport(FITAP) was established in 1947, headquartered in Paris, full and associate members - 60 airlines from 12 countries. The goals of FITAP are to coordinate the activities of airlines - FITAP members and protect their interests, including private entrepreneurs in the operation of aircraft on international routes, the elimination of restrictions for private non-monopolized airlines and the study of technical, economic and legal issues, commercial activities of civil aviation. The highest governing body is the General Assembly, the highest executive body is the Executive Committee.
International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations(IFATKA) was established in 1961, headquartered in Amsterdam, members are national associations of 32 countries. The goals of IFATCA are: to improve the safety, efficiency and regularity of international air navigation, to promote the safety and regularity of the air traffic control system, to maintain a high level of knowledge and professional training of air traffic controllers. The highest governing body is the Conference, the highest executive body is the Council.
International Air Carriers Association(IAKA) was established in 1971, headquarters in Strasbourg, members - 17 airlines from 9 countries. Aims of IAKA; development of ways and methods to increase the efficiency of participation in international charter operations, development of air traffic by improving the quality of charter services, strengthening communication and cooperation between international charter companies. The highest governing body is the Assembly, the highest executive body is the Executive Committee. In its activities, IAKA cooperates with ICAO, EKAK, AFKAK, Eurocontrol.
International Council of Aircraft Owners and Pilots Associations(IOAPA) established in 1962, headquarters in Washington, members - national organizations civil aviation 20 countries. Main tasks: ensuring coordination of views and opinions of associate members of the Council, development of standardization in order to improve regulation and flight management; development of recommendations on the use of planning systems in order to improve flight safety and the efficiency of air transportation. The highest governing body is the Council Administration.
Air Transport Institute(ITA) was established in 1944, headquartered in Paris, became an international organization in 1954, 390 members from 63 countries: government agencies, air transport operators, aircraft or aircraft equipment manufacturers, insurance companies, banks, higher educational establishments etc. In addition, private individuals can be members of the ITA. Aims of the ITA: study of economic, technical and other problems in the field of international air transport and tourism. The supreme governing body is the General Assembly, the executive bodies are the Administrative Council and the Directorate. In its activities, ITA maintains relations with ICAO, IATA and other international organizations.
European Bureau of Air Research(EARB) was established in 1952, headquartered in Brussels, members are the 20 largest Western European airlines, carrying out about 95% of all air traffic in Europe. The goals of EARB are to study the problems of improving the development of commercial air transport in Europe by analyzing statistical data, coordinating the work of airlines - members of EARB, helping to counteract competition from other airlines when operating airlines on the European continent. EARB publishes quarterly bulletins, reports and classifications of European air traffic, information on their seasonal fluctuations, as well as data on the development of intra-European passenger traffic, reviews of the world state of air transport and a comparative analysis of its development in Europe and the USA. The highest governing body is the Assembly, the highest executive bodies are the General Secretariat and the Preparatory Committee.
Information about membership in M. a. about. belong to the beginning of 1990.
Aviation: Encyclopedia. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. Chief editor G.P. Svishchev. 1994 .
air law civil aviation
All international civil aviation organizations can be divided into two groups.
The first group includes organizations within which various states are represented by their governments, ministries, aviation departments, etc. These are intergovernmental organizations in the field of civil aviation.
The second group includes international non-governmental organizations in the field of civil aviation. This is a fairly developed form of international cooperation. The subjects of legal relations are airlines, airports and other aviation associations.
The first includes organizations that provide regional international air navigation aimed at providing, planning and organizing international air traffic in a particular region. So, to improve air traffic control (ATC) in Western Europe in 1960, Eurocontrol was created - the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation. In the same 1960, the Agency for the Safety of Air Navigation in Africa and Madagascar, ASECNA, was formed. With the same goals, since 1961, the Central American Organization for the Services of Air Navigation - KOKESNA began to function.
ASECNA has the following main objectives:
- - ensuring the regularity and safety of flights over the territories of the Member States (except France);
- - provision of flight, technical and transportation information;
- - air traffic control;
- - flight control, etc.
ASECNA's highest body is the Administrative Council, which makes binding decisions. The executive functions are carried out by the management, the accounting bureau and the general director. The headquarters of ASEKNA is located in Dakar.
KOKESNA was established for the direct service of air traffic control. KOKESNA provides services to both legal and individuals under specially concluded contracts or under international agreements. The supreme body of KOKESNA is the Administrative Council.
The second subgroup of intergovernmental international organizations includes organizations focused on solving the economic and legal problems of regional air transport.
This is primarily the European Civil Aviation Conference EKAK, which was established in 1954. EKAK adopted recommendations to simplify the procedures for registering passengers, cargo, and baggage. According to Article 1 of the Charter of EKAK, the main tasks of this organization are to consider and resolve problems related to the activities of air transport.
The legal basis for the activities of the African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCC) is the Charter and Rules of Procedure adopted at a special Conference of representatives of 32 African States on January 18, 1969. In accordance with the Charter of AFKAK, this organization undertakes to contribute to the development of a common policy of member states in the field of civil aviation, to promote a more efficient use of African air transport. AFKAK was created to carry out advisory functions. The objectives of its activities are:
- - preparation of regional plans for air navigation services;
- - promoting the integration of Member States' air transport policies;
- - implementation of research on the use of air navigation facilities;
- - promoting the application of standards and recommendations in the region, etc.
The Commission includes:
Plenary session - supreme body AFKAK;
in 1991, such an international intergovernmental organization as the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) was created. The IAC was established on the basis of the intergovernmental Agreement on Civil Aviation and on the Use of Airspace (Agreement), concluded by 12 new independent states, and in accordance with the established rules and procedures, is included in the ICAO register.
The formation of the Interstate Aviation Committee made it possible not only to prevent the destruction of the air transport market and aviation production in the CIS, to protect the political and economic interests of the region, but also to propose new approaches to the governments of the Commonwealth states in the implementation of joint projects of developers, manufacturers and operators of aviation equipment.
The main activities of the Interstate Aviation Committee are:
- - preservation of unified aviation rules and procedures in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace in the Commonwealth region and their harmonization with the aviation rules of other world systems;
- - maintaining a unified certification system for aviation equipment and its production;
- - preservation of a professionally independent body for the investigation of aviation accidents, recognized by similar structures in the world (provides an objective investigation of aviation accidents not only on the territory of the Commonwealth states, but also abroad);
- - preservation of the market of air transport services for the CIS through interstate agreements and agreed regulations;
- - development of constructive cooperation with ICAO, IATA and other international aviation organizations.
The IAC operates on the basis of and in full compliance with international law and the national laws of the member states of the Agreement, having powers delegated from them in accordance with presidential decrees, government decrees and other legislative acts.
The headquarters of the Interstate Aviation Committee is located in Moscow, where its activities are ensured in accordance with the law ratified Federal Assembly Russian Federation, and the Air Code.
Among the non-governmental aviation organizations that currently exist (there are about 200 of them), the undisputed leader is the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the foundations of which were laid on August 28, 1919 in The Hague by a number of private airlines with the aim of "establishing uniformity in the operation of air lines of international importance". This position was formulated in the founding documents of the International Air Transport Association in 1919. The year of formation of IATA, which is the actual successor of this association, is considered to be 1945.
The main objectives of IATA are:
- - promoting the development of safe, regular and economical air transport in the interests of the peoples of the world;
- - encouragement of aviation commercial activities, study of related problems;
- - ensuring the development of cooperation between air transport enterprises;
- - direct cooperation with ICAO and other international aviation organizations.
IATA develops recommendations on the construction and rules for the application of tariffs, establishes uniform standards for passenger service, transportation of goods, baggage, and is working on the standardization and unification of transportation documentation
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO from the English ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that establishes international standards for civil aviation and coordinates its development in order to increase safety and efficiency.
The goals and objectives of ICAO are defined by Article 44 of the Chicago Convention of 1944
They are:
- - ensuring the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world;
- - encouragement of the art of designing and operating aircraft;
- - creation and development of air routes, airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation;
- - meeting the needs of the peoples of the world in safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport;
- - prevention of economic losses caused by unreasonable competition;
- - promotion of flight safety.
The undisputed leader of the first group is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). If the activities of ICAO as a specialized organization of the UN are worldwide in nature, then the activities of other intergovernmental organizations extend, as a rule, to individual regions.
