Perhaps the most poignant question on account 03 " Profitable investments in material values" for this year - to include or not to include it in the calculation of property tax? This is not directly stated in the Tax Code, when determining the object of taxation, it refers to accounting rules.
O.Yu. Meshcheryakova, expert "UNP"
Accounts are different, but the essence is one
In order to decide whether this year the values recorded on account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" are subject to property tax, we first determine what property is listed on this account. According to the Chart of Accounts, account 03 reflects the property acquired by the organization for temporary use (temporary possession and use) in order to generate income. Simply put, it lists property acquired for rent, leasing, rental.Now let's turn to the definition of the object of taxation for property tax, which is given by Article 374 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. It states that property tax is levied on movable and immovable property, including those transferred for temporary possession, use and disposal, which are accounted for on the balance sheet as fixed assets according to accounting rules. The accounting rules provide for the accounting of fixed assets not only on account 01 "Fixed assets", but also on account 03. Paragraph 2 of PBU 6/01 "Accounting for fixed assets" directly says that its provisions apply to profitable investments in material assets. Therefore, if the property recorded on account 03 satisfies the criteria for fixed assets listed in paragraph 4 of PBU 6/01 (used for more than 12 months or the normal operating cycle if it exceeds 12 months, etc.), the organization must include it in respect of property tax.
Specialists of the Department of Property Taxes of the Ministry of Taxation of Russia share this point of view. And as it became known to the correspondent of "UNP", they plan to register it in the upcoming guidelines on property tax.
Accounting first and foremost
The correctness of the calculation of property tax will ultimately depend on whether the organization correctly reflects the movement of property on account 03.Example.In January, the organization purchased commercial equipment for leasing for 106,200 rubles, including VAT - 16,200 rubles. For its delivery, 2,360 rubles were paid to the transport organization, including VAT - 360 rubles. In the same month, the equipment was put into operation (for demonstration to potential tenants).
In February, the equipment was leased. The amount of rent per month is 3540 rubles, including VAT - 540 rubles.
We will reflect these operations on the accounts.
January. Acquired property is recorded at historical cost. All costs directly related to the acquisition of property are collected on account 08 "Investments in non-current assets". Postings made in accounting:
Debit 08 Credit 60
90 000 rub. - purchased commercial equipment for rent;
Debit 19 Credit 60
16 200 rub. - VAT included;
Debit 60 Credit 51
RUB 106,200 - paid the cost of the property;
Debit 08 Credit 60
2000 rub. - reflected the cost of delivery of equipment;
Debit 19 Credit 60
360 rub. - reflected the amount of VAT;
Debit 60 Credit 51
2360 rub. - paid expenses;
Debit 68 Credit 19
360 rub. - VAT credited.
At the time of putting the object into operation, a record is made:
Debit 03 Credit 08
RUB 92,000 (90,000 + 2000) - commercial equipment was put into operation;
Debit 68 Credit 19
16 200 rub. - VAT credited.
February. Depreciation on property accounted for on account 03, the accountant calculates on account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" separately (Instructions for the application of the Chart of Accounts). Term beneficial use object in accounting, the organization establishes independently. In tax accounting, the useful life of commercial equipment according to the Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups is over 5 to 7 years. The organization has established the same useful life in both types of accounting - 6 years. The following entries are made monthly during the useful life:
Debit 26 Credit 02 subaccount
"Amortization of profitable investments in material assets"
1278 rub. (92,000 rubles: 6 years / 12 months) - depreciation was charged for February.
The same amount of depreciation is reflected in tax accounting.
For clarity, the property transferred for temporary use is recorded by some accountants on a separate sub-account to account 03. In this case, when transferring property for rent, rental of fixed assets is transferred from one sub-account to another within account 03. If separate sub-accounts are not provided, no entries should be made need.
Income from the rental of equipment is recognized in the usual way:
Debit 62 Credit 90-1
3540 rub. - reflected income from the lease of commercial equipment for February;
Debit 90-3 Credit 68
540 rub. - VAT charged.
In tax accounting, 3,000 rubles are included in income.
The disposal of an object of profitable investments in material values is reflected in the same order as the disposal of fixed assets.
To profitable investments in material assets belong exclusively to be provided by the organization for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use in order to generate income (clause 5 of PBU 6/01), i.e. fixed assets provided for rent, rental (Chapter 34 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Reflection of profitable investments in material assets in accounting and financial statements
Profitable investments in tangible assets are accounted for on the account of the same name (Instruction for the application of the Chart of Accounts) at the initial cost, formed according to the general rules applied when accounting for fixed assets (clause 8 PBU 6/01). Analytical accounting on account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" is carried out by types of material assets, tenants and individual objects material values.
Depreciation of profitable investments in material assets is charged in the general manner established for fixed assets (section III PBU 6/01) and is reflected in a separate sub-account of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).
Special accounting rules are established for profitable investments in tangible assets that are the subject of a leasing agreement (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 13.04.2015 N 07-01-06 / 20755; Instructions on the reflection in accounting of transactions under a leasing agreement, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 17.02 .1997 N 15).
Profitable investments in tangible assets are reflected in the balance sheet at their residual (book) value as part of non-current assets in line 1160 “Profitable investments in tangible assets”. Information on profitable investments in tangible assets is also subject to disclosure in the explanatory notes to balance sheet and the statement of financial results (clause 32 PBU 6/01; table 2 of Appendix No. 3 to the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.07.2010 N 66n).
Write-off of profitable investments in material assets
Profitable investments in material values are debited from the balance sheet in cases common to all fixed assets, i.e. when such property retires from the ownership of the company or the property loses its ability to bring economic benefits (income) to the organization in the future (clause 29 PBU 6/01).
Income and expenses from writing off profitable investments in material assets from accounting are subject to crediting to the profit and loss account as other income and expenses (clause 31 PBU 6/01).
To account for the disposal of profitable investments in material assets, a sub-account “Disposal of material assets” can be opened to the account. The cost of the retiring object is transferred to the debit of this sub-account, and the amount of accumulated depreciation is transferred to the credit. At the end of the disposal procedure, the object is debited from the account to account 91 “Other income and expenses” (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).
A specific method for accounting for the disposal of profitable investments in material assets (using the sub-account "Disposal of material assets" to the account or without using such a sub-account) is established in the accounting policy of the organization for accounting purposes (clause 7 PBU 1/2008).
Still have questions about accounting and taxes? Ask them on the accounting forum.
Profitable investments in material assets: details for an accountant
- The procedure for filling out the balance sheet in a general form. Example
And write down the named expenses. Profitable investments in material values. Line 1160 corresponds to data on profitable investments in material values ... construction in progress). Line 1160 "Profitable investments in material assets" = Dt 03 - Kt 02 ...
- About the accounting of apartments for accommodation of employees of the organization
Accounting for the debit of account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets." Depreciation for the apartment in the accounting ... receipt of income, account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" is intended. Intended to be leased ... of the fund, which are accounted for as part of profitable investments in material assets, depreciation is accrued in general in due course...
- The procedure for completing the balance sheet in a simplified form. Example
Research and development, exploration assets, income-generating investments in tangible assets, deferred tax assets and other...
- Transferring cases to the chief accountant: step by step instructions
The procedure for accounting for financial investments, profitable investments in tangible assets, loans and credits, settlements for ...
- Is it possible to transfer fixed assets with a residual value of less than 40 thousand rubles. in the MPZ?
...; Fixed assets", 03 "Profitable investments in material assets", 08 "Investments in ...
- Depreciation of leased property on the balance sheet of the lessor
And financial statements as part of profitable investments in tangible assets on account 03, sub-account "Property ...). Accounting. To account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" the organization opened sub-accounts: 03-1 ... The subject of leasing is reflected in the composition of profitable investments in material assets 03-1 08 1 008 ...
- Statistical forms for fixed assets: what has changed?
Accounting for fixed assets and profitable investments in material assets. Assets in progress and objects related to...
- On the moment of presentation for deduction of VAT from the value of fixed assets
To account 01 or 03 "Profitable investments in material assets." However, this position was based exclusively ...
Introduction
accounting income material value
As a result of its economic activity enterprises and organizations make a profit, and also incur certain losses. For a more complete picture of the results of economic activity, the current financial position and development prospects of an enterprise or organization, along with reporting prepared in accordance with the requirements of the law, accounting staff for internal use can prepare reports in accordance with the generally accepted international approach - standards. Formation financial reporting a legal entity in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards is a serious competitive advantage and allows you to provide users with an objective and full information regarding the results of the financial activity of the enterprise or organization for the reporting period.
Socio-economic transformations contribute to the emergence of new accounting objects, which makes it necessary to study their economic essence and develop certain accounting methods. Recently, there has been an active reform of the domestic accounting system, which, of course, should put accounting on a higher level. However, it should be noted that a variety of issues related to the existence of certain problems still remain quite a few. An example of such can be the accounting of profitable investments in material assets, which appeared relatively recently, approximately since 2004. Taking into account that at present the activities of organizations related to the acquisition or creation of real estate objects with a view to their subsequent transfer to an operating lease are widespread, it becomes necessary to consider issues related to these operations.
1 Theoretical substantiation of profitable investments in material values
1.1 Accounting for profitable investments in material assets
Account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" is used to account for the presence and movement of an enterprise's investments in assets intended specifically for provision for temporary use (rent, rental, leasing) in order to generate income.
Depreciation on profitable investments is carried out similarly to depreciation of fixed assets, i.e. accounted for on account 02 separately.
Disposal of income investments is accounted for in the same way as the disposal of property, plant and equipment.
Account 03 in relation to the balance is ACTIVE.
By debit reflects the actual cost of profitable investments.
By loan disposal (sale, write-off, partial liquidation, transfer free of charge, etc.) of material assets is reflected.
03.1 "Property transferred for rent"
03.2 "Property leased out"
03.3 "Property leased"
03.9 "Disposal of objects of profitable investments".
Profitable investments in material assets are investments in the acquisition of property intended for rental and rental. Property can be leased and leased with the right to purchase after the expiration of the lease term (rental contract) or on the terms of return to the owner of the property.
Investments in the acquisition of property intended for lease and rent are accounted for on account 03 “Profitable investments in material assets”. This account is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of the organization's investments in part of the property, buildings, premises, equipment and other valuables that have a material form, provided by the organization for a fee for temporary use in order to generate income.
Material assets intended for leasing and renting are accepted to accounting to account 03 from the credit of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" at the initial cost, based on the actual costs incurred for their acquisition, including the costs of delivery, installation, installation.
The transfer of property for rent (subject to accounting for the leased property on the balance sheet of the owner organization) and rental are reflected in entries on account 03.
For leased and leased property, depreciation is charged, reflected in the debit of cost accounting accounts (20 “Main production”, 26 “General expenses”, etc.) and the credit of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”. The accrued depreciation amount for the specified objects is accounted separately from the depreciation amount for other fixed assets.
Upon disposal of property leased and rented (sale, write-off, partial liquidation, gratuitous transfer, etc.), it is written off from accounts 03 and 02 with the same accounting entries as fixed assets.
To account for the disposal of property recorded on account 03, a subaccount “Disposal of material assets” can be opened for it. The debit of this sub-account is transferred to the initial cost of the retiring object, and to the credit - the amount of accumulated depreciation. The residual value of the object is written off from account 03 to account 91 "Other income and expenses".
Accounting records for the disposal of property, intended for leasing, and rental items when using the sub-account "Disposal of material assets":
When writing off property disposed of as a result of natural disasters, the residual value of the property is written off to the debit of account 99 “Profit and Loss”. Missing and damaged objects are written off to account 84 “Shortages and losses of material assets”.
Analytical accounting on account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" is carried out by types of material assets, tenants and individual objects of material assets.
Account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" corresponds with the accounts:
1.2 Legal regulation of profitable investments in material assets
Order No. 147n made a number of changes to section I " General provisions» PBU 6/01. Recall that this section describes the characteristics of fixed assets and provides the mandatory conditions that must be met by assets included in fixed assets.
Paragraph 2 was excluded from PBU 6/01. It stated that this Accounting Regulation also applies to profitable investments in material assets. The presence of this norm led to the fact that profitable investments were perceived as a separate category of property, different from fixed assets.
But do not rush to conclude that profitable investments in material values are now completely separated from fixed assets. On the contrary, this category of assets was put on a par with other fixed assets. This is evidenced by the amendments to paragraph 4 of PBU 6/01. So, now the composition of fixed assets also includes those assets that are intended to be provided for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use. Other mandatory criteria for the acceptance of assets for accounting as fixed assets remained the same. Thus, profitable investments in material assets have become full-fledged "brothers" of fixed assets.
In accounting and financial statements, profitable investments in material assets should still be reflected separately. Now this requirement is enshrined in paragraph 5 of PBU 6/01. True, only those profitable investments that are intended solely for providing for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use are taken into account separately. We would like to remind you that the Chart of Accounts provides for account 03 “Profitable Investments in Material Assets” to account for these assets. And in the balance sheet they are reflected in line 135 of the same name.
We are talking about property acquired by an organization specifically for leasing, renting or renting. But if the property is leased only from time to time or not the entire object is leased (for example, only part of the building), then it must be accounted for as a regular fixed asset - on account 01 and on line 120 of the balance sheet.
An organization that has fixed assets accounted for as profitable investments in material assets is obliged to disclose material information about such property in the financial statements. Paragraph 32 of PBU 6/01 was supplemented with such a norm. But this amendment is of a clarifying nature. Disclosure of such information in the financial statements was required before. Line 135 is provided for this in the balance sheet, and in form No. 5 “Appendix to the balance sheet” there is a separate table for deciphering information about profitable investments in material assets.
Corporate property tax
According to the amendments made to PBU 6/01 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 12.12.2005 No. 147n, profitable investments in material assets have been classified as fixed assets since 2006. In this regard, the procedure for forming the tax base for corporate property tax is changing. From now on, fixed assets accounted for as part of profitable investments in tangible assets on account 03, that is, objects purchased for rent and lease, become the object of taxation for corporate property tax.
The new rules for accounting for low-cost items of fixed assets apply only to property that is accepted for accounting after January 1, 2006.
Depreciation of fixed assets
By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 147n, a number of changes were made to Section III PBU 6/01, which regulates the procedure for calculating depreciation on fixed assets.
Objects subject to depreciation
Since 2006, the list of fixed assets not subject to depreciation has excluded housing facilities (residential houses, dormitories, apartments, etc.), external improvement facilities and other similar facilities (forestry, roads, specialized facilities for navigation, etc.). etc.), as well as productive livestock, buffaloes, oxen and deer, perennial plantations that have not reached operational age.
This amendment is due to established practice. Thus, industrial, administrative and office buildings cannot be put into operation until the adjacent territory is landscaped. Therefore, such costs for external improvement facilities can rightly be attributed to depreciable fixed assets.
With regard to housing stock items listed as income-generating investments in tangible assets (on account 03), a special clause is made in paragraph 17 of PBU 6/01: depreciation for them should be charged in the general manner. Note that this rule applies not only to the housing stock recorded on account 03. All housing stock objects that are used in the commercial activities of the organization and are capable of bringing economic benefits (income) are subject to depreciation.
In conclusion, let's pay attention to such a moment. In connection with the introduction of amendments to PBU 6/01, accountants should be careful when working with the Guidelines for accounting for fixed assets. Since 2006 and until the relevant amendments are made, this document has been applied to the extent that it does not contradict the new rules of PBU 6/01.
Thus, in order to organize the correct accounting of material assets at the enterprise, it is necessary to follow the legal regulation. Accounting for material assets is carried out in accordance with normative documents with different status. Some of them are mandatory (the Law "On Accounting", accounting regulations), others are advisory in nature (Chart of Accounts, guidelines, comments).
2. Organizational, legal and economic characteristics of the enterprise SPK "Krasny Ural" of the Kiginsky district
2.1 Organizational and legal characteristics of the SEC "Krasny Ural" of the Kiginsky district
SPK "Krasny Ural" - the main purpose of which is to make a profit. As an economic entity, this enterprise is a producer of goods and services. The company also contributes to solving the problem of employment.
SEC "Krasny Ural" in its activities is guided by the current legislation and bears full responsibility for the observance of the interests of the state, citizens, fulfillment of the obligations assumed.
The organizational and legal form of the enterprise SPK Krasny Ural is a production cooperative, i.e. This is a voluntary association of citizens for joint production activities. Form of ownership - private, grain and livestock type of activity. The main part of the territory of the region is located in the aisles of the Priaiskaya undulating plain, the southeastern part is occupied by the front ranges of the western slope of the Urals. The area is included in a moderately cool, humid agro-climatic region with a short frost-free period.
2.2 Economic characteristics of the SPK "Red Ural" Kiginsky district
SPK "Red Ural" Kiginsky district is located in the sandy part of the Kiginsky district in the village of Elanlino. The direction of specialization of the economy is cattle-breeding and grain.
Kiginsky district is located in the north-east of the republic, bordering on the Chelyabinsk region. Formed in 1930. The area of the region is 1685 km2. The regional center is the village of Upper Kigi, located 294 km from Ufa. The population is 20 thousand people. The average population density is 12 people. per km2. There are 41 rural locality. The largest of them are Upper Kigi, Lower Kigi, Leuza, Elanlino. Bashkirs and Tatars predominate.
The main part of the territory of the region is located within the Priaiskaya undulating plain, the southeastern part is occupied by the front ranges of the western slope of the Urals. The area is included in a moderately cool, humid agro-climatic region with a short frost-free period. On the southwestern and northwestern outskirts of the region flow the rivers Ai with a tributary of Alla-Elga, Kigi - with tributaries of Leuza and Kese-Ik. Chernozems and dark gray forest slightly podzolized soils are widespread. Mineral resources are represented by deposits of clay and loam, lean sand, sand and gravel mixture, limestone, building stone, grinding sandstone. There are peat bogs. Forest covers 43 thousand hectares (22.5% of the district). Agricultural land occupies 93.7 thousand hectares, including arable land - 67.7 thousand hectares, pastures - 15.2 thousand hectares, hayfields - 10.4 thousand hectares. The main industry of the district is agriculture. The highways Birsk-Mesyagutovo-Satka, Upper Kigi-Novobelokatai pass through the territory of the district. Around 31 comprehensive school, including 16 medium; vocational school, 22 mass libraries, 30 club institutions, central district and 2 rural district hospitals.
The village of Elanlino was founded in 1756, the distance from the regional center is 25 km, there are 854 people, 316 households, there is a farm Krasny Ural, which is engaged in crop production, animal husbandry, where 60 people work. The village has six retail shops with 11 employees. In the private sector, there are cattle - 590 heads, sheep of all breeds - 465, horses - 48, birds - 1269 and bee colonies - 78.
AT agriculture land is the main and main source of production. Therefore, the rational use of land resources is of vital importance for the economy. Consider the structure of land for the last three years.
Table 2.1 Composition and structure of land
| Indicator | Area, ha | |||
| Total land area | ||||
| Incl. agricultural land | ||||
| of which arable land | ||||
| hayfields | ||||
| pastures | ||||
| Other lands | ||||
Conclusion: the total land area increased in 2009 compared to 2007 by 1417.1 hectares due to the increase in pastures, which amounted to 1.45%
Compared to 2007. Agricultural land accounts for 15.81%, of which arable land - 204.09%. This is a very good indicator, since it means that most of the land resources are used more efficiently, i.e. serves for cultivation of grain, leguminous and other cultures. Tvkzhe increased hayfields, pastures by 1.00%.
The main source of the wealth of society and the main factor in the creation of the material and spiritual benefits of mankind is labor. It is a purposeful human activity aimed at modifying and adapting natural objects to meet their needs.
Labor resources are an important factor, the rational use of which ensures an increase in the level of agricultural production and its economic efficiency. Consider the composition and structure of the use of labor resources
Table 2.2 Number and composition of labor resources
| Number, persons | 2009 compared to 2007, % |
|||||
| For organizing everything | ||||||
| including employed in agricultural production | ||||||
| including working constants | ||||||
| of which: tractor drivers - machinists | ||||||
| machine milking operators | ||||||
| Employees | ||||||
| of which: managers | ||||||
| specialists | ||||||
Conclusion: you can see that the number of workers in 2007 decreased compared to 2009 by 66.25%, of which managers by 33.33%, and specialists by 81.81%
Working capital, serving the process of circulation of products, are circulation funds. These include products ready for sale, located in the warehouses of the enterprise; products shipped, but not paid for by consumers; enterprise cash; funds in the accounts.
Let's consider the composition and structure of the use of working capital in the Krasny Ural SEC.
Table 2.3 Composition and structure of working capital
| Name | Growth rate of indicators in 2009 compared to 2007, % |
|||
| Including: raw materials, materials, etc. | ||||
| animals for growing and fattening | ||||
| work in progress costs | ||||
| Receivables | ||||
| Cash | ||||
Conclusion: most indicators of working capital increased. In 2009, compared to 2007, the number of inventories increased by 119.41%, accounts receivable decreased by 73.07%.
Fixed assets – these are means of labor that repeatedly participate in the production process, while maintaining their natural form, and their value is transferred to the manufactured products in parts, as they wear out. These include tools with a service life of more than a year.
Table 2.4 Composition and structure of fixed assets
| Type of fixed assets | Average annual cost, thousand rubles | 2009 to 2007, % |
||
| Structures, transmission devices | ||||
| Machinery, equipment | ||||
| Vehicles | ||||
| working cattle | ||||
| productive livestock | ||||
| Other types of fixed assets | ||||
Conclusion: in comparison with 2009 with 2007, the following can be seen that buildings decreased by 2.2%, structures decreased by 3.3%, equipment increased by 18.2%, vehicles increased by 27.4%.
3. Accounting for profitable investments in material assets
3.1 The state of accounting and analytical work of the SEC Krasny Ural
In SEC "Krasny Ural" the head of the enterprise is responsible for the organization of accounting in the organization, compliance with the law when performing business operations. In our enterprise, the director established an accounting service as structural subdivision headed by the chief accountant. In this connection, our company has five accounting employees, including the chief accountant.
Accounting responsibilities include:
Ensuring the correct organization of accounting in accordance with the instructions and separate instructions;
Exercising preliminary control over the timely and correct execution of documents and the legality of transactions;
control over the correct and economical use of funds in accordance with their intended purpose according to the approved cost estimates, as well as the safety of funds and material assets;
Calculation and payment of wages to workers and employees on time;
timely carrying out of settlements arising in the process of execution of estimates with enterprises, institutions and individuals;
Participation in the inventory of funds, settlements and material assets, timely and correct determination of the results of the inventory and their reflection in accounting;
· instructing financially responsible persons on the issues of accounting and safety of valuables in custody;
preparation and submission of financial statements in a timely manner;
preparation and coordination with the head of the enterprise of cost estimates and calculations for them;
· storage of accounting documents, accounting registers, machinograms, cost estimates, calculations for them, other documents, as well as their submission to the archive in the prescribed manner.
The chief accountant reports directly to the head of the organization and is responsible for the formation of accounting policies, accounting, timely submission of complete and reliable financial statements.
The chief accountant must:
ensure that accounting is maintained in full compliance with the "Regulations on Accounting and Reporting in the Russian Federation", the chart of accounts of accounting and the Instructions for its application (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the USSR dated November 1, 1991 No. 56) and other applicable regulatory acts in the field accounting methodology;
ensure timely and complete submission of the necessary reporting to interested users in accordance with applicable law;
· Guided by the established Chart of Accounts, develop a Working Chart of Accounts to reflect the necessary commercial and financial and business operations;
establish the necessary system of accounting registers to determine their list;
· carry out an analysis of financial and economic activities in order to identify and mobilize on-farm reserves;
· evaluate the actual use of the identified reserves.
With the chief accountant, it is advisable to coordinate the appointment, dismissal and relocation of financially responsible persons (cashiers, etc.).
The chief accountant of SEC "Krasny Ural" is prohibited from accepting for execution and execution documents on transactions that are contrary to the law and violate contractual and financial discipline. About such documents Chief Accountant informs the head of the organization in writing and, upon receipt of a written order from him about the acceptance of these documents for accounting, executes it. The full responsibility for the illegality of the transactions carried out is borne by the head of the organization.
For non-fulfillment or dishonest fulfillment of his duties, the chief accountant is liable in accordance with applicable law.
The chief accountant is given the right to sign documents that serve as the basis for the acceptance and issuance of inventory items and cash, as well as settlement, credit and monetary obligations. These documents without the signature of the chief accountant are considered invalid and are not accepted for execution.
The requirements of the chief accountant for documenting business transactions and submitting the necessary documents and information to the accounting department are mandatory for all employees of the SEC.
In case of disagreement between the director and the chief accountant on the implementation of certain business operations, documents on them can be accepted for execution with a written order from the head, who bears full responsibility for the consequences of such operations.
3.2 Primary accounting of profitable investments in material assets
Primary accounting document- a written certificate of a business transaction, which has legal effect and does not require further explanation and detail.
Business transactions that are not formalized by the primary accounting document are not accepted for accounting and are not subject to reflection in accounting registers.
In accordance with the Decree of the State Statistics Committee Russian Federation dated March 24, 1999 No. 20 "On approval of the procedure for the use of unified forms of primary accounting documentation" in the unified forms of primary accounting documentation, in addition to the forms for accounting for cash transactions, the organization, if necessary, can enter additional details. At the same time, all the details of the approved unified forms of primary accounting documentation must remain unchanged, including the code, form number, document name. Removal of individual details from unified forms is not allowed.
The changes introduced must be formalized by the relevant organizational and administrative document of the organization.
The formats of the forms indicated in the albums of unified forms of primary accounting documentation are recommended and can be changed in terms of expanding and narrowing the columns and lines, taking into account the significance of the indicators, including additional lines and loose sheets for ease of placement and processing of the necessary information.
If the form of the document to reflect any facts of economic activity is not provided for by the album of unified forms, the primary accounting document can be developed by the organization independently. When developing a document, it is necessary to take into account the requirement of paragraph 13 of Regulation No. 34n, as well as Article 9 of the Law "On Accounting", which establish certain requirements for the preparation of the document. In particular, the primary accounting document will be accepted for accounting only if it contains the following mandatory details:
· Title of the document. The name contains the content of the business transaction to be reflected in the accounting and the accountant of the organization should not take into account documents with a fuzzy name or no name at all, and also draw up such documents himself. Uniform forms primary accounting documents contain the “Form Code”, which is a seven-digit document number according to the All-Russian Classifier of Management Activities, which is printed in the upper right corner of the document. A self-developed document may not contain the “Form Code” attribute, however, in the case of document processing using computer technology, this attribute is necessary and the coding system is developed by the organization independently;
the date of the business transaction indicated in the name of the document or in the document itself. The date is written in Arabic numerals as follows: first, the day and month are indicated, represented by two pairs of digits separated by a dot, then the year is indicated with four digits, for example, the date August 4, 2005 will be written as follows: 08/04/2005;
the name of the organization on behalf of which the document was drawn up, which allows you to determine whether the document belongs to a particular organization;
· Measuring instruments of business transactions in physical and monetary terms. In general, natural, labor and monetary meters are used in accounting. With the help of natural meters, information is obtained about accounting objects in physical terms, such as measures of length, weight, area, volume, and others. With the help of labor meters, used in combination with natural ones, the amount of labor spent on the production of products, works and services is established, such indicators as labor productivity, compliance with production standards are determined, with the help of labor meters it is calculated wage. The monetary meter is general and it expresses all indicators of the financial and economic activities of the organization;
the names of the positions of persons responsible for the business transaction and the correctness of its execution. As a rule, a specific employee of an organization performs one or another type of business operations on the basis of an established job description, and an indication of the position of the person who performed the operation serves to control the legality of the operation;
personal signatures of the indicated persons and their decryption (including cases of creating documents using computer technology). In deciphering the signature, initials should be put first, and only then the surname, for example: I.S. Petrov. If there is no person whose signature should be in the document, instead of him the document can be signed by his deputy or the person acting as the absent person, while you cannot sign documents with a slash in front of the name of the position.
In addition to the mandatory details, additional details that are not mandatory, such as the document number, the address of the organization, the basis for the business transaction, and others, can be entered into the document.
Self-created documents should accurately describe business transactions, provide users with the necessary and reliable information, should be convenient for processing and storage, and should not duplicate other primary documents.
The head of the organization, in agreement with the chief accountant, must approve a list of persons who have the right to sign primary accounting documents, while documents that process business transactions with in cash, are signed by the head of the organization and the chief accountant or persons authorized by them.
The requirements of the chief accountant for documenting business transactions and submitting the necessary documents and information to the accounting department are mandatory for all employees of the organization. Without the signature of the chief accountant or a person authorized by him, monetary and settlement documents, financial and credit obligations are considered invalid and should not be accepted for execution.
Primary accounting documents should be drawn up at the time of the business transaction, and if this is not possible, then immediately after its completion.
When selling goods, products, works and services using cash registers, it is allowed to draw up a primary accounting document at the end of the working day on the basis of cash receipts.
In accordance with paragraph 2.8 of the Regulations on documents and workflow in accounting, approved by the USSR Ministry of Finance dated July 29, 1983 No. 105 (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations on documents and workflow No. 105), entries in primary accounting documents must be made in ink, chemical pencil, paste ballpoint pens , with the help of typewriters, mechanization and other means that ensure the safety of these records during the time set for their storage in the archive.
It is forbidden to use a simple pencil for writing. The reliability of the information contained in the documents, their timely and high-quality execution, transfer for reflection in accounting, is ensured by the officials who compiled and signed these documents.
The primary accounting document is considered to be finalized if it is drawn up in the prescribed form, all its details are filled in, blank lines are crossed out, the document is checked by employees of the accounting department of the organization.
Consider the main operations for accounting for profitable investments in material assets:
1. Equipment purchased for leasing was credited at the original cost.
2. Increased initial cost of fixed assets leased as a result of revaluation.
3. The initial cost of the property returned from leasing was written off in connection with the termination of its use for these purposes.
4. Retired equipment used for leasing:
a) the initial cost of the equipment is written off;
b) the amount of accrued depreciation is written off;
c) the residual value is written off;
5. A fully depreciated object of fixed assets of their composition of material assets was written off as a result of the impossibility of further use.
For the above operations, primary documents such as:
1) Act (invoice) of acceptance of the transfer of fixed assets (form OS-1);
2) Act of revaluation of fixed assets, order of the head;
3) Act (invoice) of acceptance of the transfer of fixed assets (OS-1 form);
4) Act (invoice) of acceptance of the transfer of fixed assets (form OS-1);
5) Act on the write-off of fixed assets (OS-4 form).
3.3 Synthetic and analytical accounting
Synthetic accounting is a generalized accounting of the facts of economic activity in monetary terms. Synthetic accounting is carried out on synthetic accounts (main accounts of the first order). The list of synthetic accounting accounts is in the chart of accounts. Synthetic accounting is necessary to obtain information that allows you to have a general idea about the availability and movement of funds and their sources - about the financial and economic activities of the organization.
Synthetic accounting is maintained in accounting registers (Main book, journals, warrants, etc.). Synthetic accounting data are detailed in analytical accounting.
Analytical accounting - accounting, which is maintained in personal, material and other analytical accounting accounts, grouping detailed information about property, liabilities and business transactions within each synthetic account.
Analytical accounting is a system of accounting records that gives detailed information about the movement of economic assets; is built separately for each synthetic account. Unlike synthetic accounting, it is carried out not only in value terms, but also in physical terms.
Data analytical accounting must correspond to the turnover and balances of synthetic accounting accounts.
According to analytical accounting, it is possible to monitor the status of stocks of each type of inventory, settlements with each supplier, contractor, worker, debtor, creditor, accountable person, etc.
Analytical accounting on account 03 is carried out by types of material assets, tenants and individual objects of material assets.
Synthetic accounting is maintained in J.-O. No. 13.
Table 3.1 Correspondence of accounts on account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets"
| Business operations | Account correspondence |
|||
| | Capitalized items of fixed assets intended for leasing or renting | | | |
| | The transfer of objects of profitable investments is reflected in the accounting: a) for rent b) under a leasing agreement | | | |
| | Objects from tenants and lessees accepted for accounting | |||
| | Transfer of leased property to the balance of the lessee: - write-off of the object from the register: - depreciation write-off: - write-off of residual value: | | | |
| | Write-off of the object of profitable investments: - deregistration of an object - write off depreciation – write-off of residual value | | | |
| | A shortage of fixed assets intended for leasing was revealed | | | |
| | Written off the cost of fixed assets purchased for lease, lost as a result of extraordinary circumstances | | | |
3.4 Ways to improve the accounting of profitable investments in material assets
Accounting at the enterprise must be constantly improved in accordance with the changing economic environment.
One of the most important parts of the information support of the activity modern organization is the use of computers to automate accounting. Accounting consists of labor-intensive operations that take up the time of an accountant, preparation of various reporting and payment documents, transferring the same data from one document to another, etc.
The computer program allows the accountant to save time and effort through automation, find arithmetic errors in accounting and reporting, evaluate the current financial condition enterprise and its prospects. In addition, automated accounting systems can help prepare and save in electronic form primary and reporting documents, as well as forms of frequently repeated forms of reports and documents with already formed company details.
As an improvement in the accounting of material assets, we propose to automate the accounting of material assets using the program "1C: Enterprise 7.7" for the rational organization of accounting of material assets.
The program "1C: Enterprise" version 7.7 is a powerful universal accounting program of the new generation. It can support various accounting systems, various accounting methodologies, and be used in enterprises of various types of activities. This program implements a certain concept of accounting in the enterprise. The chart of accounts, the set of constants, the structures of directories and documents, as well as the algorithms for constructing reports, are a well-developed system in terms of accounting. This system is distinguished, on the one hand, by its integrity, and on the other hand, by its versatility, which allows it to be used after a certain adjustment in almost any enterprise.
The program supports efficient work with various amounts of information, number of jobs, using a variety of computer technology and computer network topologies.
Thus, "1C: Enterprise 7.7" is the tool system on the basis of which the concept of flexible automation of all accounting as a whole, as well as accounting for material values, can be successfully implemented.
Conclusion
The study of the theory and practice of the theory of accounting for profitable investments in material assets based on the requirements of international financial reporting standards made it possible to substantiate the main directions for improving the accounting of profitable investments in material assets and determining their economic essence.
The concept of profitable investments in material assets appeared relatively recently in modern accounting methods. From a historical point of view, the concept of profitable investments in material values can be characterized from various angles. Profitable investments in material assets are investments in various objects or property that have a material form, provided by an organization or enterprise for temporary use under lease (leasing), hire or hire agreements in order to generate income or make profit. This definition supported by various economic sources and regulations of the Russian Federation. Profitable investments in tangible assets are recorded on account 03 "Profitable investments in tangible assets". In the Russian Federation, there is a display and concept of profitable investments in material values in relation to accounting.
Based on a comparison of the concepts of profitable investments in material values and investment property, it can be concluded that, in general, these concepts have many similar properties. But the essential difference is that investment property is considered as an investment vehicle, the potential income from which consists of two components: rental payments from the possible rental of the property and the change in its initial value over time. Taking into account that at present the activities of organizations related to the acquisition or creation of real estate objects with a view to their subsequent transfer to operating leases are widespread, it is necessary to consider topical issues of reflecting the said property in the financial statements, which are regulated by IFRS 40 Investment Property. Owner-occupied property is property in the form of land plots and (or) buildings (part of buildings - premises) that the organization disposes of on the basis of ownership or a financial lease (leasing) agreement and which is intended solely for the intended use in the production process and (or) supply of products or for administrative purposes. This property must be reported in accordance with IFRS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment.
Organizations in the process of carrying out economic activities constantly independently create, acquire from third parties or alienate in favor of third parties a variety of property that can be classified for various reasons. Each type of this property has its own characteristics associated with its reflection in the financial statements of the organization. In order to be able to accurately reflect transactions with property in the financial statements, it is necessary to have reliable criteria for classifying the organization's property and to know and successfully apply the features of reporting transactions with each type of property.
Bibliographic list
1. the federal law"On Accounting" No. 129-FZ of November 21, 1996
2. " Civil Code of the Russian Federation” (Civil Code of the Russian Federation) Part 1 of November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ (adopted by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on October 21, 1994)
3. " tax code Russian Federation” (TC RF) Part 1 dated July 31, 1998 No. 146-FZ (adopted by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on July 16, 1998)
4. Accounting [Text]: Textbook / A.S. Bakaev, P.S. Armless. – 5th ed.
5. Regulations on accounting [Text] - M .: Eksmo, 2009. - 240 p.
6. New chart of accounts, in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation [Text] dated October 31, 2000 No. 94N
7. Source documents- the basis of financial statements [Text]: textbook / V.M. Vlasov - 3rd ed., revised. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2007. - 416 p.
8. Kondrakov, I.P. Accounting: textbook [Text] / I.P. Kondrakov - M.: INFRA-M, 2006.-640 p.
9. E. Petrov. One-day business trip [Text] // Practical accounting. - 2006. - No. 8. - with. 17 - 19.
10. E.F. Feshchenko. Business trips [Text] // Accounting in agriculture. - 2006. - No. 5. - with. 84 - 85.
11. Kerimov, V.E. Accounting for manufacturing enterprises[Text]: Textbook. - 4th ed., rev. And extra. - M .: Publishing and Trade Corporation "Dashkov and Co", 2004. - 100 - 130 p.
12. Kondrakov, N.P., Kondrakov, I.N. Plan and correspondence of accounting accounts [Text]. Second edition, revised and enlarged. - M.: LLC "VITREM", 2002. - 186 - 192 p.
13. Kondrakov, N.P. Accounting [Text]: Proc. allowance. – 4th ed., revised. and additional – M.: INFRA-M, 2002. – 78–90 p.
14. L.V. Volkov. Business trips in Russia: travel and accommodation costs for employees [Text] // Glavbukh. - 2004. - No. 25. - with. 60 - 66.
15. Makalskaya, M.L. Correspondence accounts - 6 [Text]: Reference guide. - 6th ed., revised. and additional - M .: Publishing house "Delo and Service", 2004. - 186 - 191 p.
16. Mizikovsky, E.A., Elmanova, E.N., Purekhovskaya, E.V. Laboratory workshop on accounting [Text]: Proc. allowance. - M.: Economist, 2004. - 67 - 70 p.
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18. Nikolaeva, G.A., Blitzau, L.P. Accounting in trade [Text]. - M.: Prior-izdat, 2004. - 205 - 216 p.
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Account 03 is used to record and analyze information about property acquired by an enterprise to generate additional income. In the article, you will learn about the categories of such property and the types of income received from it, as well as the features of accounting for transactions on account 03.
Profitable investments: concept and types
Income investments are understood as funds capitalized in the form of acquired material assets in order to obtain additional benefits from their use. The main types of profitable investments are buildings, premises, production and other equipment, vehicles and other fixed assets.
In order to receive income from investments, organizations, as a rule, transfer valuables for temporary use and possession to other enterprises and organizations on a paid basis. The basis for the transfer of property is an agreement (rent, leasing, etc.), as well as an act of acceptance and transfer, confirming the fact that the tenant received the valuables.
Modern practice shows that the property that acts as a profitable investment is most often cars (car rental services) and premises (residential and industrial).
Account 03: postings
Account 03 is used by enterprises that acquire property in order to receive additional income from it. Purchased equipment, buildings, fixed assets, land plots are accounted for under Dt 03 (written off from Kt 08). When property is disposed of as a result of sale and liquidation, the transaction amount is reflected in the entry under Kt 03. This transaction writes off the book value of tangible assets, the amount of accumulated depreciation, and also reflects expenses in the form of the residual value of the property recorded on the balance sheet.
The table below shows the main accounting entries:
| Debit | Credit | Operation description | A document base |
| 03 | 08 | Accepted for accounting equipment purchased for leasing | Transfer-acceptance act |
| 03 | 80 | The cost of profitable investments accepted as a contribution to the authorized capital is reflected | Minutes of the decision of the board |
| 94 | 03 | The shortage (damage) of the car used for renting was recognized | write-off act |
| 03 | 76 | The tenant returned the premises previously leased. The property is registered with the landlord | Transfer-acceptance act |
| 03 | 83 | Reflected the amount of revaluation of profitable investments | Revaluation sheet |
| 99 | 03 | The cost of profitable investments is included in extraordinary expenses | write-off act |
| 91.2 | 03 | Write-off of the book value of the premises transferred to the tenant | Transfer-acceptance act |
Account 03. Accounting operations on examples
For a detailed consideration of the features of accounting for operations on account 03, we use examples of typical situations.
Account 03. Lease of own equipment
Example #1.
Let's say that Kolosok JSC purchased a machine-tractor unit for pre-sowing tillage from Selkhoztekhnik LLC at a price of 484.620 rubles, VAT 73.925 rubles. On 03/25/2016 Kolosok signed a leasing agreement with Fermer LLC, according to which the tractor was leased. The useful life for the machine-tractor unit is set at 7 years.
The operations to purchase a tractor and lease it out were reflected by the accountant of Koloska as follows:
| Debit | Credit | Operation description | Sum | A document base |
| 08 | 60 | The amount of expenses for a tractor purchased from Selkhoztekhnik LLC for subsequent leasing was taken into account (484.620 rubles - 73.925 rubles) | 410.695 rub. | Sales contract, bill of lading |
| 19 | 60 | The amount of VAT is taken into account from the cost of the purchased machine-tractor unit | 73.925 rub. | Invoice |
| 60 | 51 | Payment was made to “Selkhoztekhniku” for the purchased tractor | 484.620 rubles | Payment order |
| 03 Owned property | 08 | A tractor purchased from Selkhoztekhnik LLC for subsequent leasing was entered into accounting | 410.695 rub. | Transfer-acceptance act |
| 68 VAT | 19 | The amount of VAT on the purchased tractor is accepted for deduction | 73.925 rub. | Invoice |
| 03 Leased property | 03 Owned property | Tractor was handed over to Farmer under a lease agreement | 410.695 rub. | Transfer-acceptance act |
| 20 | 02 | The amount of depreciation accrued on the machine-tractor unit for April 2016 is reflected (410.695 rubles / 7 years / 12 months) | 4.889 rub. | Depreciation sheet |
Example #2.
Consider a situation where, when purchasing property for leasing, an organization incurred additional expenses paid through an accountable person.
The activity of JSC “Kladovshchik” is related to the leasing of warehouse and other utility premises.
In February 2016 “Storekeeper”:
- purchased a premises for a food warehouse from Monolit JSC at a price of 1,240,600 rubles, VAT 189,244 rubles;
- paid the expenses for registration of the premises in the amount of 2,760 rubles, the amount of which was paid through an employee of JSC “Kladovshchik” V.R. Isaev;
- leased the warehouse to Produkty Plus LLC.
It is established that the useful life of the warehouse space is 11 years.
Here is how the above operations were reflected in the accounting of the “Storekeeper”:
| Debit | Credit | Operation description | Sum | A document base |
| 08 | 60 | The amount of expenses for the food warehouse purchased from Monolit for subsequent leasing was taken into account (1.240.600 rubles - 189.244 rubles) | 1.051.356 rub. | Purchase and sale agreement, act of acceptance and transfer, certificate of ownership |
| 19 | 60 | The amount of VAT is taken into account from the cost of the purchased premises for a warehouse | 189.244 rub. | Invoice |
| 60 | 51 | Settlement was made with JSC "Monolit" | 1.240.600 rub. | Payment order |
| 71 | 50 | Isaev was given an advance payment for household needs (calculations for the design of a warehouse) | 2.760 rub. | Account cash warrant |
| 08 | 71 | Savelyev received permits for the premises | 2.760 rub. | Advance report |
| 03 Owned property | 08 | The cost of the premises is reflected in the composition of income investments (1.051.356 rubles + 2.760 rubles) | 1.054.116 rub. | Purchase and sale agreement, act of acceptance and transfer, certificate of ownership, permits |
| 68 VAT | 19 | Accounted for VAT deduction on purchased premises | 189.244 rub. | Invoice |
| 03 Leased property | 03 Owned property | Reflected the transfer of the warehouse to the use of Produkty Plus LLC | 1.054.116 rub. | Transfer-acceptance act |
| 20 | 02 | The amount of accrued depreciation for the leased premises was posted (1.054.116 rubles / 11 years / 12 months) | 7.986 rub. | Depreciation sheet |
Account 03. Realization of profitable investments in material assets
Example #1.
The activity of JSC "Sapphire" is related to the provision of rental and maintenance of equipment for confectionery and bakeries. In November 2015, the management of Sapphire decided to sell the rotary oven, which was previously used for rent, to the Baker bakery at a price of 523.800 rubles, VAT 79.902 rubles.
At the time of the sale, the furnace was accounted for on the balance sheet of Sapphire:
- at a book value of 503,630 rubles;
- depreciation was charged on a rotary kiln in the amount of 41,900 rubles.
“Sapphire” took over the expenses for the delivery of the furnace by paying the transport company “Meteor” the amount of 1.860 rubles. Settlements with "Meteor" were made through an accountable person, an employee of the sales department Solovyov K.D.
The disposal of equipment accountant "Sapphire" took into account in this way:
| Debit | Credit | Operation description | Sum | A document base |
| 76 | 91.1 | Accounted for the amount of debt "Boulochnik" for the purchase of the oven | 523.800 rub. | Purchase and sale agreement, act of acceptance and transfer |
| 91.2 | 68 VAT | The amount of accrued VAT on the equipment being sold | 79.902 rub. | Invoice |
| 03 Disposal of profitable investments | 03.1 | Recorded write-off of a rotary kiln (book value) | 503.630 rub. | OS write-off act |
| 02 | 03 Disposal of profitable investments | Reflected write-off of depreciation accrued on the rotary kiln being sold | 341.900 rub. | OS write-off act |
| 91.2 | 03 Disposal of profitable investments | Expenses are taken into account in connection with the write-off of the residual value of the furnace (503.630 rubles - 341.900 rubles) | 161.730 rub. | OS write-off act |
| 91.2 | 71 | Reflected are the costs of transporting the furnace, paid to the Meteor company through Solovyov | 1.860 rub. | Advance report |
| 51 | 76 | Payment from the “Baker” for the sold oven has been credited | 523.800 rub. | Bank statement |
| 91.9 | 99 | The amount of profit from the sale of a rotary kiln was taken into account (523.800 rubles - 79.902 rubles - 161.730 rubles - 1.860 rubles) | 280.308 rub. | Profit and Loss Statement |
The profitable type of investments of the enterprise belongs to the group of fixed assets. The peculiarity of this type of assets is in their purpose - they are acquired not for participation in the production process, but for transfer to third parties for paid use on a temporary basis (clause 5 of PBU 6/01).
Profitable investments in material assets: the order of reflection in accounting
Accounting for profitable investments is organized on accounting account 03. Capitalization of assets is carried out at their original cost. The rules for determining the initial cost for such objects are similar to the algorithm for actions with other types of fixed assets. The amount at which income investments will be shown in accounting includes:
- costs associated with the purchase of valuables minus VAT;
- payment for services provided by third parties at the stage of preparation for the acquisition of assets (for example, consulting support for a transaction);
- the amount of remuneration paid to intermediaries;
- transportation costs for the delivery of valuables;
- redemption customs fees, mandatory fees.
If profitable investments in material assets increase, then the enterprise has an additional depreciable object. Accrual of depreciation charges on such assets is carried out according to the rules common for fixed assets. The depreciation amounts are shown on account 02. Analytics should be conducted in the context of material assets and by counterparties-tenants, for which analytical sub-accounts are opened for a synthetic account.
All investments in tangible assets received by the enterprise with the condition of their subsequent leasing are reflected in debit turnovers on account 03:
- D 03 - K 08.
When profitable investments in material assets are retired, account 03 is supplemented with a new sub-account “Disposal of material assets”. Wiring:
- D 03 / Disposal - K 03 - in the amount of the initial cost;
- D 02 - K 03 / Disposal - in the amount of accumulated depreciation.
The completion of the transaction and the write-off of the object from the balance sheet is evidenced by the entry:
- D 03 / Disposal - K 91.
The reason for the disposal may be the sale, damage to valuables, transfer to third parties on a gratuitous basis, use of the acquired objects as a contribution to the authorized capital of other companies.
Profitable investments in material assets in the balance sheet are shown in the asset in section 1 on line 1160. The amount to be reflected in the balance sheet must correspond to the residual value of the objects. It is calculated as the difference between the balance of account 03 and the final balance of account 02. If a revaluation was made for the material assets included in this group, it should be taken into account in the amount shown in the balance sheet.
Profitable investments in material assets - an example
In January 2018, Fint LLC acquired commercial real estate in order to lease it to third parties for a long-term lease. The deal amounted to 2.3 million rubles (including VAT 350,847.46 rubles). When selecting a building and checking its legal purity, the company used the paid services of an intermediary - they cost the company 115,000 rubles (including VAT 17,542.37 rubles). Fees in the amount of 8,000 rubles were paid for the execution of the transaction. In February, the asset was put into operation and transferred to the tenant for use.
The accounting entries for the purchased commercial property will be as follows:
- D08 - K60 in the amount of 1,949,152.54 rubles - reflects the value of the asset excluding VAT.
- D19 - K60 for 350,847.46 rubles - the amount of VAT is taken into account.
- D08 - K60 for 97,457.63 rubles - the cost in terms of the costs incurred for the services of an intermediary.
- D19 - K60 - VAT on intermediary services in the amount of 17,542.37 rubles.
- D08 - K68 - 8000 rubles - registration fees have been charged.
- D03 - K08 in the amount of 2,054,610.17 rubles (1,949,152.54 + 97,457.63 + 8000) - the initial cost of the asset for leasing was formed.
- D03/Lease/IP Kukin - K03 the cost of the object 2,054,610.47 rubles is assigned in the analytics to the assets leased to IP Kukin.
- Since March, the company should start accruing depreciation on a new property in tax accounting. In accounting, this operation will be reflected by correspondence between D91.2 and K02.
