If you have already built a two-story house or are the owner of a two-level apartment, then the topic of constructing a second floor staircase will be of interest to you.
In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality ladder system, you have only three ways: buy a ready-made structure in a specialized store, order the necessary model from a carpenter, or make a ladder with your own hands.
For those who chose the third option, this article is devoted. In it you will learn a lot useful information about the staircase structure, as well as get acquainted with the step-by-step detailed instructions for the manufacture of stairs in photo and video.
For owners of a two-level dwelling, the staircase of the second floor is a necessary attribute of the interior
What are the stairs - a little theory
Before you start building stairs with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of construction that will be most suitable for your home.
Types of stairs by design type
We will choose a system from three types:
- Marching.
- Screw.
- Combined.
Let's take a look at each of them a little.
Marching
This type is the easiest to manufacture and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.
Single-march designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and spectacular. Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:
- single-march;
- two-march;
- multi-march.
Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in the greatest demand.
screw
Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive in production.
The spiral staircase is original and beautiful, but it is better to entrust its production to professionals. Combined
These systems combine the two previous types. Their manufacture is the most difficult and therefore not suitable for independent construction.
Combined systems are more complex in production and it will be quite difficult for a beginner to mount them. We make a ladder with our own hands - instructions for making
First, we will determine the material of manufacture and prepare the tool necessary for the job.
Material selection
For the production of a ladder structure, you can choose:
- wood;
- stone;
- concrete;
- metal;
- plastic.
For the manufacture of stairs, you can use a variety of materials The most suitable material for self-manufacturing stairs is, of course, natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:
- environmental friendliness and safety;
- non-toxicity;
- ease of processing;
- relatively economical price;
- long service life.
Therefore, for the construction of our stairs, we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.
Natural wood is the best choice for making stairs with your own hands So, we have decided on the type of construction being erected - this is a mid-flight staircase. They also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material - natural wood. next moment you should prepare the necessary tool.
Cooking tool
To make a wooden staircase with your own hands, we need:
- Measuring devices - tape measure, ruler, level.
- Electric drill of manual type.
- Hacksaw for woodworking.
- Screwdriver.
- A hammer.
- Electroplaner.
- Sandpaper.
The optimal set of necessary tools Preparing the basic elements
Before installing the ladder system, it is necessary to prepare the following details:
- Processed boards of the required dimensions (according to the drawing).
- Bars for the production of steps.
- Step boards.
- Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
- Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be bought ready-made.
- Fasteners - screws, screws, bolts.
This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure. The main stages of installation
In order to make a high-quality staircase with your own hands, use the following manufacturing instructions in photos and videos.
Stage 1. Schematic drawing
Let's draw a drawing on which we denote the main elements of the future design.
Stage 2. We perform the necessary calculations
Performing design calculations is probably the most exhausting process, but it still needs to be done. You can do this in a few steps:
- determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the floor plane of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
- we determine the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height is 17 centimeters;
- we calculate how many steps and risers are needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);
Before making a ladder, it must be calculated - step width - for convenience when walking, the smallest value of this parameter should be 22 cm, and the largest - 40 cm.
Stage 3. Making a kosour
We cut the beam prepared for this part to the desired size and cut out the notches of the desired size to install the steps.
Stage 4. Checking the kosour
To do this, we attach it to the place where the stairs will be located, if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.
This diagram shows detailed calculations of the kosour Stage 5. We fasten the stringers
We attach the stringers and fasten them together to the upper beam using anchor bolts.
We securely fasten the stringers with anchor bolts Stage 6. Installation of risers
Attaching the risers to the stringer is carried out using self-tapping screws.
If there is more than one floor in a private house, you cannot do without stairs. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, it is necessary to pay attention not only not to the dimensions and how much space it takes in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then the staircase to the second floor, made with your own hands, will be not only a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but it can be done.
Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house
All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and others. decorative stones, and combinations of these materials are often used. But most often the staircase to the second floor is made of wood with your own hands, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.
In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. In open stairs there is only a horizontally located part - the step itself, in closed ones - there is also a vertical part - risers.
Design codes
When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of ascent:
The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the chosen height of the riser. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the angle of elevation 40°. According to the table, we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. We divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.
If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.
When choosing the size of steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and the riser is optimally 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.
All these parameters should be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from the fact that there is and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.
Spiral staircase
As already said, spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least space. But she has a serious drawback: it is inconvenient to walk on it, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.
Calculation features
When designing a spiral staircase, one must take into account that in some positions, there are other steps above the head. Therefore, making small risers will not work.
The next feature is that the steps all have an unequal width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part they are attached to the central support (pillar), the wide part - to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide one should not be more than 40 cm.
The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. Double the distance goes to the entire structure - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.
Construction on a prefabricated column
This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements are put on - steps, intermediate cylinders, etc.
If you look in more detail, then in addition to the metal pipe (in this case, 40 mm in diameter), steps and balusters (available in any design), there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.
On the other hand, the distance between the steps is kept with the help of cuts on the balusters. Steps are attached to these grooves (on glue + fasteners).
Do-it-yourself installation of stairs to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. In the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second, a hole is made equal to the diameter of the pillar. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on an enlarged washer, tighten the nut. Further, the assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, in parallel with the installation of the step, the baluster is placed and fixed. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.
Steps are cut from glued board or furniture board. You can use an array, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a moisture content of not more than 8-12%. Although glued wood is considered more reliable: it definitely will not lead and it will not crack during shrinkage.
An example of an assembly of such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated post, but you can also use a solid one, although it will be inconvenient to assemble the steps - you will have to climb the stairs every time.
The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are friends with welding, this option will be easier.
Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options
With railings or without railings, the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to perform Forged spiral staircases are a classic of the genre
Staircase to the second floor
Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology of their construction has long been worked out. There are few features of the calculation. It is important to determine the number of marches. In one section there should be from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient have 11-13 pieces. If, according to the calculation, it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are a multiple of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.
Kinds
Ladders with platforms take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, add turns. The most common option is to place the stairs along two adjacent walls at the corners. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Only one point: the section with winder steps is the most traumatic. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.
As mentioned earlier, mid-flight stairs are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terraces (just an inclined beam). Fastening steps to bowstring beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are still nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but rather controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the whole staircase is made of wood, the metal parts are very "cut" the look. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, with sufficient thickness of the boards for the steps and the width of the bowstring, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may pop out of the grooves.
The assembly of steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports, to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut out the stringers.
This is a ladder on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly
Installation of a marching staircase with step by step photos
Stringers are made from a wide board 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no massive dry board, glued boards can be used. How to calculate the kosour is described in the form, but it is possible to assemble a staircase to the second floor not only as a separate one.
An example of assembling a ladder on the stringers next to the wall. First, we fix the support pillars on which the winder steps will rest. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.
Then we put the bottom. We fasten the kosour near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to wash it and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.
We fasten the lower stringers - one to the pole, the second to the finishing board
Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.
The steps are being installed. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put in place, drill a hole for a self-tapping screw, then twist it.
The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case, they are made of stainless steel pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster, into which a tube is inserted, it is fixed on a hairpin or in any other available way.
Photos of interesting mid-flight stairs to the 2nd floor
Metal and glass - an interesting combination An interesting idea, and from the end - a pantry
Any staircase design performs not only an aesthetic function, it must be comfortable and multifunctional. It is difficult to imagine that a spiral staircase or another version of the lifting system will not be installed in a two-story house.
There are many options for designing stairwells, decorating steps. And there are quite a lot of staircase structures with unusual design solutions.
A do-it-yourself wooden spiral staircase should harmoniously fit the overall interior of the house, and also fully comply with all safety rules, especially if there are small children and the elderly in the house.
Choosing a staircase
In order to choose the right ladder system, you need to know about their varieties.
There is a division of ladder structures according to the following parameters:
- the material used to build the system;
- aesthetic characteristics;
- form;
- installation site;
- railing designs;
- sizes;
- style design.
According to their intended purpose, there are ladder systems:
- input;
- interfloor;
- auxiliary;
- basement;
- attic.
Among the common options for ladder systems used in private homes, we highlight:
You can make spiral staircases to the second floor of the economy class on your own, having drawings, tools, and a desire.
TIPS! A beautiful do-it-yourself spiral staircase to the second floor should be, first of all, safe, made from non-toxic materials.
Wooden march structures
The marching system is the simplest and most popular, similar do-it-yourself spiral staircases with drawings can be found on many construction company websites or ordered at a design studio.
Such a design involves the manufacture of two or more marches, separated by turntables or steps.
ADVICE! Such systems are complex engineering structures that require preliminary calculation. The ideal option is to seek professional help.
Action algorithm
First you need to select a variant of the ladder structure in order to carry out calculations. For the option with a side support, you will need a “well”, steps are built into its walls. It is theoretically possible to make a “well” on your own, but it is better to choose spiral staircases to the second floor with a main beam on a casing support.
Calculations
We will calculate a spiral staircase, in which a steel tube 5 mm thick and 6-8 cm in diameter will be supported.
You must understand that the spiral staircase to the second floor is a regular circle, its diameter corresponds to the size of the opening.
R is the outer radius of the console (circle).
R1 is the inner radius of the opening (diameter and thickness of the support pipe).
γ is the turn of the structure, an angular value demonstrating the difference in height between the steps.
L is the circumference.
Formula for calculating the circumference:
L=2πR*n or L=2πR* (γ/360).
In practice, this is not enough for normal movement along the steps, and therefore 2R / 3 is taken as the radius of movement. As a result, the formula takes the following form:
l=2π*2R/3*n=4πR/3*n
We calculate the steps
The main difference is that the spiral staircases in Leroy Merlin have a specific form of steps. The console of such a system is a petal with a rounded edge. The console has the following options:
- h is the length of the step. It is the difference between the opening radius and the outer radius of the support pipe. When choosing a step length of up to a meter, the console can be made of solid wood, a frame is not required;
- W1 - tread width;
- W2-blank width;
- α-angle of the step.
To determine the number of steps, divide the height of the opening by the rise of the step. Convenient for movement will be spiral staircases, the dimensions of the steps, which are 15-20 cm.
We calculate the step angle using the formula:
α= γ: number of steps.
Knowing the width and angle of the step, we calculate the maximum width of the tread:
The width of the tread is calculated by the formula:
w= r*sinα= (2R*sinα)/3
Convenient are wooden spiral staircases, in which the width of the tread is in the range of 20-30 cm.
TIPS! Make drawings in horizontal and vertical projection, best of all in two sweeps: along the path line and the outer edge. The wooden spiral staircase in the photo looks more interesting on the stringers, but the choice is up to the owner of the country mansion.
Varieties of screw structures
With insufficient area to accommodate marches, installation of spiral structures is carried out. Forged spiral staircase will fit into any interior, if the finish is made with natural materials. Spiral systems are used to climb to the attic, that is, in the form of auxiliary structures.
On the disadvantages of screw systems.
- It is inconvenient to climb along the spiral design, there is a high risk of injury to children and the elderly.
- Difficulty lifting furniture.
- The trapezoidal shape of the steps makes it difficult to move normally, the steps for the right and left legs are different in size.
Aesthetically, a do-it-yourself wooden spiral staircase looks very beautiful, seems “airy”, brings additional charm to the design of the house.
Wooden swivel structures
Such systems are a kind of stair screw structures. They partially or completely consist of winder steps. There are the following modifications:
- curvilinear;
- semi-turn;
- quarter negotiable;
- curved.
The installation of rotary wooden structures is often performed along the load-bearing wall, the handrail is placed on the outside. In some houses you can see standing separately (without fastening to the wall) stair structures. The disadvantage of manufacturing spiral staircases of this kind is the inconvenience of moving up the stairs, while the system itself looks quite original and aesthetically pleasing.
Installation of a spiral staircase system
There is a certain sequence for assembling a staircase spiral structure:
- first you need to calculate the spiral staircase, make sure that it is “viable” under the given conditions;
- the location of the main rod is selected, the lower support flange is attached;
- the first stage is attached to the floor, it enters the flange;
- the building level checks the verticality of the fastening of the support rod;
- bushings, steps are superimposed on the central rack from above, they are attached according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer;
- a comfortable do-it-yourself wooden spiral staircase on the second floor is attached to the walls of the opening or with the help of the upper step;
- a support rod is fixed at the top;
- select and install handrails and protective fences.
Attention! For each specific case, wooden spiral staircases to the second floor are mounted taking into account various nuances.
Installation nuances
Remember that in order to obtain the desired result, it is important to fully comply with the instructions offered by the manufacturer.
Washers are made of durable materials to protect the structure from mechanical deformations, for example, cast-iron spiral staircases can be made according to individual sizes:
Often wooden structures are combined with other materials, so a prefabricated spiral staircase can consist of stone, wood, metal. For many centuries, it was wood that was considered the main material for the construction of flights of stairs, and they have not lost their relevance at the present time. Gradually, the original finished spiral staircases made of cast iron and steel are replacing the classic wooden systems. Thinking about installing a screw structure? Consult with professionals, study the features of the assembly, do not forget about the calculations. Only observance of all the nuances will allow you to create a real masterpiece in your home.
Screw design gives can have a very original design
Spiral staircases, which are also called rotary, round and radial, are an elegant interior detail that will give the room a special charm and flavor. Airy and monumental, modern and classic, laconic and laconic, wooden and forged… The choice depends only on your desire and possibilities.
And, most importantly, that spiral staircases, solving the issue of moving in multi-level houses, make it possible to significantly save usable space. A do-it-yourself spiral staircase is a reality that can decorate a room and an excellent solution for creating home comfort.
The main types of radial structures
Let's get acquainted with the main types of round stairs, their features and disadvantages. This will help answer the question: how to make a spiral staircase with your own hands, will allow you to decide on the choice of its shape and design features, as well as independently develop a design.
Spiral staircases are distinguished by the shape and technique of fastening the steps, located radially, with a slight turn of each subsequent step. Thus, the ladder visually resembles the shape of a screw thread, which gave the name to such devices.
Steps of the "classic" spiral staircase
According to the method of fixing the steps, the technology of manufacturing and installation of the structure is determined. Turning stairs can be divided into the following types:
Such designs can be very original.
...and truly fabulous
And, of course, designers do not deprive this type of stairs of attention.
Pros and cons
Radial stairs have their own strengths and weaknesses, which must be familiar with before proceeding with the design and manufacture of this structure.
Advantages:
Flaws:
- One of the main disadvantages is the impossibility or extreme difficulty of moving large items, such as furniture, along the rotary structure.
- It should be borne in mind that such models are not very convenient for people of solid build, small children and the elderly.
Accurate calculation - accurate installation
A do-it-yourself spiral staircase must be, first of all, reliable and safe. It is also necessary to create the most comfortable conditions for ascent and descent. Therefore, it is important to perform all stages of work responsibly and strictly adhere to the rules recommended by professionals.
This applies to the exact execution of calculations, the manufacture of all parts and installation. All materials and components for such a product must be of high quality.
In pursuit of originality, designers often forget about the safety of the stairs.
Advice!
Studies have shown that over 70% take the first step on a step when ascending or descending with their right foot. Therefore, the spiral staircase should preferably be twisted counterclockwise.
To create the most convenient and safe stairs, you need to consider the following nuances:
- The height of the turns is recommended to be calculated taking into account the growth of the tallest tenant of the house. Calculations are carried out with a margin of 10-20 cm. This is necessary for safety and convenience: so that in some areas you do not have to bend over.
Support leg
Do-it-yourself spiral staircase involves the manufacture of all structural details. The support post provides stability and reliability of the structure, especially in models where it accounts for almost the entire load. It must be firmly fixed at the bottom and top of the stairs.
The support post can be strengthened with a small concrete "pedestal", which will become a kind of foundation for the stairs.
The rack is made of metal, concrete, wood, brick. Steps are attached to the support with bolts, couplings. The easiest way is to fasten to a wooden support.
The diameter of a metal rack should be at least 5 cm, supports made of other materials - 15-50 cm.
steps
For the manufacture of wedge-shaped steps, dense wood is chosen. The best option is oak, beech, ash. Spruce and pine are not suitable for such crimes, this material is quite fragile for those loads that fall on the steps of spiral staircases.
Wood for steps should be sufficiently dried, free of defects, so it is more practical to buy already processed boards.
Quality wood for steps looks like this
Experienced craftsmen recommend glued wood for steps. You can make it yourself. To do this, you need bars. Of these, a panel is assembled along the length of the step. In width, the panel should accommodate two steps laid with a “jack”. In order to avoid mistakes, it is better to prepare a step template (pattern).The bars are selected in such a way that the fiber structure of adjacent fragments has opposite directions.The bars are glued together with high-quality carpentry glue, tightened with a clamp, left to dry completely.
Benefits of glued timber
Two steps are cut out of the finished panel according to the template, adding an allowance (at least 5 mm) around the perimeter of the product for further finishing.It is important to accurately transfer all dimensions of the step and the hole for the stand, if any. The ease and quality of installation work depends on the correctly maintained parameters of all parts and elements. The upper step is a platform connecting the stairs and the floor of the upper level, its size is much larger than the steps on the turns.
The top step can be twice as large as the rest
Advice!
If you need a hole for the rack, you can use the "batch" method: connect and securely fix several steps, drill a hole. This approach will allow you to get the most accurate parameters and greatly facilitate the assembly.
Fencing: balusters and railings
Most screw structures are equipped with a fence, which is made of wood, glass, metal. It is the fence that turns such a staircase into a real work of art. Artistic forging products are especially impressive.
Forged railings are installed on metal spiral staircases
Minimalist glass panel railings can look just as impressive as sophisticated wrought iron railings.
And sometimes, designers create completely unimaginable designs, where the staircase and the fence are one.
Since we make a spiral staircase with our own hands, the best option is a wooden fence. It is not an easy task to create exquisite forged railings with your own hands.
Balusters (racks) can be machined on your own or purchased ready-made; there is a very large selection of such parts on the market.
Balusters can be very different: from such simple ...
…to extraordinary handicrafts
Advice!
For rigidity and reliability of the structure, the extreme posts of the fence must connect two steps at once. This will prevent the step from turning on the support pipe.
You can use different methods to fasten baluster racks:
- glue into the holes drilled in the steps;
- fix on the steps with special fasteners;
- put on and glue on the steps using cuts at the bottom of the balusters.
Railings can also be bought ready-made. Curved wooden railings look great on such stairs. It is very difficult to make such complex elements on your own. Solving the problem is difficult in several ways:
- cut out individual parts of the railing from pieces of wood, and then assemble:
- cut railings from glued bars;
- glue a piece of thin veneer.
Manufacturing of curved railings
Primary processing of curved railings
Important!
Whichever method you choose, prepare very high-quality patterns for the job.
It is worth recognizing that curved handrails require not only appropriate carpentry skills, but also special tool. Therefore, it is better to order these elements in a specialized store or workshop.
A qualified craftsman will take all dimensions on the spot, determine the diameters of the bends and perform the work with high quality. You will only have to assemble the railing during installation. Installing the railing is the last step in assembling the stairs. You can order handrails made of plastic with wood imitation. This will save a significant amount.
You can use PVC railings stylized as a tree. It is much easier to give them the necessary shape than wooden ones.
Now you can imagine how to make a spiral staircase with your own hands. Observing all technological standards, following the recommendations and adhering to the instructions for assembling the stairs, you can make a real masterpiece. But if there is not enough experience, you doubt that you will be able to cope with the work on your own, it is better to contact specialists.
If you are going to equip a spiral staircase with your own hands, the drawing must first be prepared, this will allow you to carry out the work, avoiding errors. The peculiarity of this design is that the steps are strengthened radially. It concerns the real or imaginary center. If you project the stairs onto the floor surface, you can get a polygon or a circle. A spiral staircase can be made of metal with your own hands, the drawings should definitely be considered before that. Choosing such designs, you can prefer one of the varieties of the system. Thus, the steps can rest on the central pillar and on the surface of the walls around the perimeter. They can be mounted in other versions only on the support post, which is located in the center. Steps in some cases rest on a fence or bent bowstrings, among other things, they can be pinched in the support post.
Manufacturing features
If a spiral staircase is being built with your own hands, the drawing will allow you to do the work correctly. You can borrow one or another option from this article. Such structures take up little space, for example, with a step width of 1 meter, the diameter of the structure will be 2.2 meters, this includes the central support. In fact, the design will occupy less than 2 square meters on the floor surface. When designing a product, you can give it a different angle of inclination, most often it does not exceed 45 degrees.
What you need to know before starting work
If you are going to make a spiral staircase with your own hands, you must prepare a drawing even before the start of work. However, it is important to consider that such structures do not have very wide steps, this indicates that movement along them will be difficult, it is important to be careful. It will be quite problematic for two people who meet on the spiral staircase to pass each other. It is also very difficult to move large objects along it. This suggests that it is more rational to use screw structures in those rooms in which there is no heavy traffic. A lot of effort will have to be put into manufacturing, since the elements and assemblies are more complex when compared with conventional ones.
Preparation of materials
If a spiral staircase will be made with your own hands, you can consider a drawing for it by reading this article. However, it is equally important to familiarize yourself with the technology of the process and prepare all necessary materials. You should not be limited in the choice of material: suitable among which are maple, beech, and oak. You can stock up on profiled or sheet metal.
Stair design
The design should be devoid of a riser, which is a vertical element located between adjacent steps. This will prevent slipping of the foot when moving. The step in the middle part should be equal to 20 cm or more. Admittedly, quite often today spiral staircases are made by hand. Drawings, photos will help you decide on the choice of design features. In order to ensure the reliability of the step attachment point, the diameter of the middle support column should be five centimeters or more. The height between the branches must exceed the height of a person, this figure is equivalent to two meters or more. In this case, you do not have to bend over when using the lifting mechanism. As for a full turn, it must have at least 12 steps.
Features of the calculation
Before making spiral staircases with your own hands, the drawings are prepared by craftsmen, this allows you to eliminate many errors that can be very difficult to deal with. You can use the parameters below as a basis.
The height of the floor, which is measured from the floor surface of the first floor to the base of the floor of the second floor, is equivalent to 3 meters, while being equal to one meter. The diameter of the rack in this case is equivalent to 20 cm. Now you can determine the diameter of the structure. This figure will be made up of the diameter of the support post and two steps, or rather, their width. Thus, it will be necessary to make the following calculations: 2x1.0 + 0.2. In the end, it will be possible to get a value equal to 2.2 m.
When do-it-yourself spiral staircases are made, the drawings are prepared by home craftsmen, usually on their own. Having determined the diameter of the structure, it is necessary to draw a circle. At the next stage, the radius of the trajectory of movement is calculated. To do this, it is necessary to divide by 2 the diameter of the support post, to which the width of the step should be added. The calculation will look like this: (1+0.2)/2; the required value is equivalent to 0.6 m.
The next step is to calculate the number of steps that will fall on 1 turn. To do this, the length of the trajectory of movement must be divided by the Final value is 18.84, while the calculation is as follows: 2x3.14x0.6 / 0.2.
If you will be making a screw, then it is important to determine the height of the step. The height of the coil must be divided into 19 parts. The step between the first step and the last step of the coil must be greater than the height of the person. You can take into account a figure equal to two meters, you need to add 5 cm to this value, this will allow you to get the height of the coil, the calculation looks like this: 2 + 0.05; the result is a value equal to 2.05 m.
You can determine by the formula below: 2.05 / 19. The figure after calculations is 0.11 m. The final number of steps will be 28 pieces: 3 / 0.11. The result is a figure equal to 27.3. It should be rounded up.
You can take the following parameters of the stairs as the main ones. The lifting height is equivalent to 300 cm, the diameter is 220 cm, the inner diameter is 20 cm, the total rotation angle is 510 degrees, the thickness of each step is 5 cm, the height of the step is 11.1 cm. As for the step angle, this figure is 18.9 degrees, the step length is 100 centimeters.
Installation
If you will be making a spiral staircase to the second floor with your own hands, then it is important to familiarize yourself with the technology of the process. Initially, a rack is installed and fixed, which is located in the middle. In the next step, you can start installing the steps and spacers. The master needs to fix the upper part of the structure, and then strengthen the railings and handrails. If you will be making a ladder that has a cantilevered pinching of the steps, then beech can be used as a material. All blanks can be cut using a lathe designed for woodworking. Hand tools will also come in handy. If you do not have such equipment in your arsenal, then you can order the preparation of parts from the master. A plumb line will allow you to transfer the point of the opening angle to the floor surface. This will be the starting point for determining the position of the support. On the basis of the floor, it is necessary to draw a line that is parallel to the opening cut in the ceiling.
When screw drawings are made, you have to prepare them yourself or order from a professional. At the next stage, you need to put on the steel core cylindrical element and starting step. The rest of the elements are installed according to the same principle. After you managed to assemble the central rack and steps, you should fix the upper platform. Next, the racks for the railing are installed. The steel core bolt passes through two steps and ends slightly above the topmost step.
Final works
You can make a spiral staircase with your own hands from metal, but for this you need to have the skills to work with a welding machine. If you decide to use wood, then at the last stage you can paint. To begin with, the surface of the stairs is cleaned with sandpaper, then it is cleaned of dust and covered with stain.
Features of the manufacture of metal stairs
A spiral staircase can be made of metal with your own hands, drawings of such structures can be drawn up by professionals. The assembly of the system must begin with the installation of the central rack. After that, the bushings are put on, and then the washers and the steps themselves. After this part of the work is completed, the steps should be deployed around the rack to the required distance. Now it's time to mount the brackets. The upper step is fixed on the interfloor ceiling. When a metal spiral staircase is made with your own hands, the drawings will allow you to comply with the technology. At the last stage, railings are mounted, as well as handrails.
