Master Class. Painting of a cutting board using the traditional "Gorodets" technique.
Author of the work: Kondratyeva Alla Alekseevna, primary school teacher, MBOU "Zolotukhinskaya secondary school" in the village of Zolotukhino, Kursk region.Topic: "Painted board in the technique of the traditional "Gorodets"
Description of work: the master class is intended for children of preschool, primary school age. The material will be useful to educators, primary school teachers and teachers of additional education.Purpose: interior decoration, gift, work for an exhibition, competition.
Target: painting objects in the Gorodets technique.
Tasks:
Tutorials: introduce Gorodets painting, teach the basic painting techniques, teach how to paint objects using this technique, activate and interest children, seek to include everyone in the work, form brush painting techniques for floral elements of pattern painting.
Developing: develop cognitive interest, creative activity and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice.
Educators: to cultivate the ability to see beauty in the world around us, to feel the beauty of the word, to arouse children's interest in national culture by means of arts and crafts, to cultivate industriousness.
Lesson type: combined.
Class type: theoretical and practical work.
Method: information-receptive, reproductive.
Equipment and materials: cutting boards, gouache, brushes, jars for water, oilcloths on the table, napkins, acrylic varnish.
Visual aids: tables with products, products.
“Creativity opens in the child's soul those innermost corners in which the sources of good feelings lie dormant” V.A. Sukhomlinsky.
Working process.
I. Actualization of knowledge. Psychological mood.Teacher(reads by heart)
The farther into the future we look
The more we value the past.
And in the old we find beauty,
At least we belong to a new one.
Russia is mother! Praise to you!
You've seen a lot over the centuries.
Whenever you could speak
That would tell a lot.
Today, guys, I invite you to look into the past of our vast Russia and find out Are the traditions of our ancestors still alive today? and what is preserved for today's generations from the cultural heritage!
We are surrounded by a variety of objects, we meet with them both at home and on the street. Among this variety there are such items that the artist skillfully decorated, they are elegant and unique in their own way.
See an exhibition of objects artfully decorated with artisans' hands, brushes and paints. These art objects belong to the arts and crafts. Patterns for painting craftsmen peeped in the world around us, and also invented them themselves. Each pattern had its own meaning. I invite you to touch with your heart the different types of folk crafts of our Motherland.
Guess the riddle:
Growth different girlfriends
But they look alike
They all sit next to each other
Is it just one toy?(matryoshkas)
(Girls come out - nesting dolls in Russian sundresses)
1 matryoshka:
Our Russia is great,
And our people are talented.
About Russia native craftsmen
The whole world is talking.
2 nesting dolls:
Our Russian matryoshka
Does not age a hundred years.
In beauty, in Russian talent
Everything is a secret.
1 Matryoshka- a real Russian beauty doll with a secret inside! There, inside, near a wooden, brightly painted matryoshka, cheerful little sisters are hiding, little by little. Usually one toy consists of 3 - 24 dolls. The doll was named Matryoshka in honor of the Russian female name Matryona, which was often called girls in peasant families.
2 Matryoshka- one of the most popular Russian souvenirs. It has become a symbol of our country, because it personifies friendship and love, the wish of happiness and prosperity. Matryoshka appeared in the 90s of the XIX century in Sergiev Posad (Moscow region).
(The buffoon boys come out)
1 boy: Admire these wonderful spoons, cups and barrels, sugar bowls and glasses, vases and trays, wide dishes and ducks. All these household utensils were made by craftsmen from the large trading village of Khokhloma, which is located near Nizhny Novgorod.
Dishes carved from wood are covered with linseed oil, rubbed with aluminum powder, painted and fired, after which its sides will sparkle with golden light. And the patterns of the master in the meadows and in the forests were spied on - these are grass and leaves, flowers and berries. Just! And admiration and delight - there is no end!
2 boy:
Golden Khokhloma,
Everyone admires her.
And in Paris, and everywhere
Khokhloma is adorned.
(Two more girls in Gzhel costumes come out)
1 girl: (Gzhel)
In Gzhel they make dishes -
What a joy for the eyes!
Craftsmen grow up
Maybe among us.
2 girl:
Porcelain teapots, candlesticks, clocks,
Animals and birds of unprecedented beauty.
In Gzhel, the inhabitants of heavenly blue are proud,
You will not meet such beauty in the world.
1 girl: Gzhel painting is an ancient, traditionally Russian art, the origins of which originated in the Russian outback more than 670 years ago. "A gentle blue miracle - a fabulous Gzhel" - so affectionately called people in Russia - everyone loved, surprisingly decorated ceramics made of snow-white clay.
2 girl: Gzhel motifs can be seen not only on porcelain, but also on paintings, embroidered and painted, and on clothes, on bed linen. The center of folk ceramic art Gzhel is located near Moscow.
1 girl:
It's hard to believe, is it
Just two colors? Wonders!..
That's how artists from Gzhel
Heaven is applied to the snow!
(Two boys run out with whistles)
1 boy:
I'll buy myself a whistle
I will trill out
Masters from Glorious Haze
We will never forget.
2 boy:
Why is Dymkovo famous?
With my toy.
There is no smoky light in it,
And there is the love of people.
There is something of a rainbow in her,
From a drop of dew.
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like a bass
1 boy: The Dymkovo toy was born in the settlement of Dymkovo, not far from the city of Vyatka. In the old days, the inhabitants organized festivities and fairs. Clay toys have always been the decoration of these holidays. Whistles-ducks whistle for all voices, shimmer with nightingale trills. Horses, strange animals, different birds. Everyone whistles - both adults and children. This holiday was called Whistle Dance.
(Two girls exit)
1 girl:
The guests admired the miracle
Loudly admired -
Gorodets beauty
The slain remained.
2 girl:
There is an ancient city on the Volga,
By name - Gorodets.
Famous throughout Russia
The creator of his painting.
Bouquets open up
Bright colors of grief,
Miracle birds flutter there,
As if in a fairy tale calling us.
If you look at the boards
You will see miracles!
Gorodets patterns
Subtly withdrew hand!
2 girl: This master is Gorodets! The secret of this master is in a magic brush that revives animals, birds, draws marvelous flowers, which are called rosans and kupavki. They are in the form of a circle and are decorated with arcs and drops of spring rain.
Teacher: Many, many years ago in the city that stands on the Volga, folk craftsmen began to make toys, dishes, spinning wheels from wood and painted them very beautifully: bright flowers, firebirds, miracle horses decorated these items. Now, in our days, tea is drunk from different dishes, children play with different toys, and spinning wheels are not spun. But the beauty of the Gorodets masters did not disappear. And now it pleases us: unprecedented birds, horses, fabulous flowers are painted on lacquered wooden products. Painted plates, salt shakers, ladles, rocking horses, caskets - this is an incomplete list of Gorodets artists. All these products can be both a home decoration and an everyday part of a kitchen or room. Traditional colors in Gorodets painting: red, blue, green, yellow, black, white.
There are three types of composition in the Gorodets painting:
- flower painting;
- flower painting with the inclusion of the motif "horse" and "bird";
- plot painting.
The easiest painting is considered to be flower.
Today we will play the role of Gorodets masters and try to depict flower painting.
II. Practical part: the procedure for performing Gorodets painting:
Task: decorate the cutting board with elements of Gorodets painting.
1. I suggest you make such a cutting board.
The wooden surface must be clean and dry.
Safety precautions: Now I will tell you a little secret of real masters: when working with paints, you need to be careful not to stain yourself, clothes and work. Please note that the brush is a sharp object. The brush must not be swung during operation, it must not be turned towards each other. We open jars of gouache, dip the brush into a glass and take the paint, a little at the tip, remove the excess on the edge of the jar of paint. The magic brush is ready to go.
2. The painting is done directly on a wooden base, which is primed with yellow, red, black colors. The primed surface needs to dry within an hour, so yesterday you primed the surfaces of your boards with yellow gouache paint.
3. Now on the cutting board with thin lines with a pencil we outline the composition of the future pattern: the main thing is to outline the location and size of the main, brightest spots - flowers, the middle details are unblown buds. They will connect large parts with each other, and small ones - twigs, leaves - will complement our composition. We will apply large details with a wide brush - these are spots of the correct round shape - the base of the flower.
4. Now, between the large elements, let's depict the leaves
5. On top of the light spots, apply thin strokes with a second, darker color scheme of the same shade, for example, blue on blue - a stroke. The stroke outline is the petals of the flower. .
The whole painting consists of elements: circles - underpaintings, brackets, drops, dots, arcs, spirals, strokes.
6. The final stage of painting - we apply strokes and dots with black and white paint. This technique is called "animation" and gives the work a finished look. We perform the “revival” with the thinnest brush.
7. We make the outline of the frame. We cover the surface with acrylic varnish. Let dry for 2 hours.
III. Summarizing. Reflection.
Today you tried yourself in the role of masters of arts and crafts. You have learned how to paint objects using the traditional Gorodets technique. Let's see what wonderful work you have done.
Gorodets painting is one of the oldest Russian art crafts. These flower stencils coloring pages allow you to create incredibly beautiful patterns and ornaments. Thanks to decorative drawing, you can create flowers, a peacock, a horse, a bird, a rose, a cockerel and much more.
Gorodets painting is one of the oldest Russian art crafts.
The beginning of Gorodets painting takes cutting-off spinning wheels. Various figures were cut out of wood and inserted into the recesses according to the appropriate shape. Later, craftsmen began to paint wooden figurines, gradually adding more new colors.
In the 19th century, the craftsmen produced beautiful wooden figures in green, red, blue and other colors. They decorated houses and yards. The figurines were pleasing to the eye, they were loved to make, children admired them. The painted rooster turned out to be very beautiful.
What could Gorodets spinning wheels decorate?
- Sled.
- Chests.
- Caskets.
- Furniture.
- Household items, etc.
Usually, the painting was symbolic. Genre drawings were valued. For example, a merchant and his horse or cockerel were depicted on the board. Elements of such painting have survived to this day.
Floral motifs in this craft were given special preference. Animals were also drawn, such as lions or bulls.
Favorite backgrounds in Gorodets painting for masters of the 19th century were blue, green, in a word, bright and multicolored. A black background was rarely used.
How is painting done? And then and now the work is gradually painted with a brush. A phased craft does not involve drawing from a finished layout. The blow of the brush on the board should be tight and strong. All the work of the master is quite painstaking, but at the same time, and fast. By the nature of the reception, the work is simple.
For children in the garden, the preparatory group and preschoolers, there are many ways to start with simple schemes for Gorodets painting, which you can print on the Internet, for example, depict it on asphalt.
Gallery: Gorodets painting (25 photos)
Gorodets painting: lesson (video)
Gorodets painting: the main elements step by step
For such a painting, special paints are needed. They are called "tempera". Tempera paints are made from dry powders or from their analogues. An alternative to such paints can be ordinary gouache, to which PVA glue was added. If the choice of the master fell on gouache, then he should know that when painting Gorodets, before smearing the second layer of the drawing, you need to wait for the first layer to dry completely, otherwise the work will have a whitish tint.
All brushes must be dry, otherwise they will deteriorate after work.
The specificity of Gorodets painting is drawing without a layout, that is, the artist smoothly guides the brush over the surface. What can be artistic techniques for painting? There are many, for example:
- Broad brush strokes.
- Thin lines with a horse-drawn brush.
- Virtuoso strokes with a medium brush.
For such a painting, special paints are needed.
On what surface is Gorodets painting performed? Usually a tree is taken as the basis. If desired, you can create a colored background on it by painting the surface in red, yellow or another color.
The scheme of work is as follows:
- To begin with, the master marks the approximate dimensions of the composition on the surface. You can use a pencil for this. However, he does not draw the layout! This is necessary in order to outline the future size of all mural patterns.
- Many masters advise to outline the outline of the pattern not with a pencil, but immediately with paints. In their opinion, it is this technology that is considered correct.
- The knots of the drawing are made with a thin brush and light paint. This makes the job look neater.
- Darker ones are placed on top of light spots. This is the peculiarity of this craft.
- Before starting work, you should collect several different brushes, since it is convenient to draw various details in your own way. For example, thin lines will turn out beautiful only if they are drawn with a thin brush.
- The main elements of Gorodets painting are the so-called "animations". These include points, circles, spirals, strokes and arcs.
Step-by-step decorative drawing based on Gorodets painting for children
- The beginning of the drawing is a life-size sketch of the scheme on the tree. The size of the future work and its main elements should be outlined.
- To simplify the task, you can draw the size of the composition on paper, and only then transfer the image to a wooden surface.
- When the size of the ornament is applied to the wooden surface, you need to highlight the main center of the composition. After that, you can think about the color scheme.
- When the issue of the composition and color scheme of the composition is resolved, you can proceed to a detailed drawing of the ornament.
- For children, it is recommended to choose simple drawings. For example, you can depict the sun. A red circle is drawn in the center, and rays are next to it. Beam stitches should be the same size.
- At the end of the work, the wooden surface is varnished. A cutting board is perfect for this job.
It will be easier for the child to draw simple elements
Patterns of Gorodets painting for the senior group
In the middle and senior group in kindergarten, you do not need to choose too complex mural elements, because if the child cannot cope with it, then he will be bored. To get started, you can get acquainted with this drawing technique, write down a summary. The presentation will not take much time, but the child will know all the basics. You can opt for a simple ornament and draw a beautiful flower. Thanks to such a mural gorodets, you can create a bookmark for a book. This is a fascinating activity, the application has always quickly interested children.
Drawing way:
- The work will use white, red, brown and green paints. Children should draw either on wooden boards or on wooden shallow plates.
- With a pencil, you should outline the center of the composition and its size.
- Then you can start drawing the flower. A small red circle is drawn in the center. The red paint is then mixed with white to make pink. Another circle is drawn in pink, larger than the first. After that, again a red circle and again pink. Thus, the flower has a multi-colored middle.
- Petals are made in green and brown colors. It is better to alternate them, so the work will be more beautiful.
- You can combine green paint with white to get a lighter greenish color. They can draw the petals from the inside. This drawing is done with a thin brush.
In the middle and senior group in kindergarten, you do not need to choose too complex mural elements
Finishes the work with a varnish coating of the surface.
Gorodets painting: how to draw flowers?
Master Class:
- To begin with, the surface and material with which the work will be performed are selected. The more colorful it is, the better.
- Color centers are marked on the surface with a pencil. A bright circle is drawn. Then petals are drawn in each circle. For this, a color darker than the core of the flower is used.
- Each flower must have a petal. Light green petals can be drawn with a thin brush from the inside. You can also draw the contours of the petals and flowers with a darker paint, but not black.
- Complement the composition of blue berries, painted next to the flowers.
a flower can be both complex and easy - choose the master
Gorodets painting: how to draw a horse?
- To do this, use black or brown paint. But in order for the horse to stand out, the background of the work must be light.
- The body of the horse is drawn with a medium brush. First, you can draw an outline for it, and then paint it. Limbs, tail and neck are drawn with a thinner brush. The hooves of the animal are drawn separately.
- The horse's mane can be drawn in red.
- A beautiful ornament will decorate and complement the composition. You can make them a picture frame. Also, you can draw a horse running towards the sun.
Gorodets painting: how to draw a Kupavka flower (video)
Gorodets painting will be able to give a lot of positive emotions to its creator. The main thing is to draw with soul, because then even a novice craftsman will be able to create a real masterpiece.
Nadezhda Kovalchuk
Hello, dear friends and guests of your favorite site!
Gorodets painting- this is one of the traditional decorative crafts and is among the highest achievements of Russian folk art.
Oh Russia, you are Russia
Glory has not diminished
You are a city, you are a city
She became famous all over the world.
Today I bring to your attention a master class "Samples of step-by-step execution of painting flowers from Gorodets patterns"
Description: the master class will be of interest to older preschoolers, educators and parents. Children 6-7 years old will be able to do the work with the help of adults, and older children - on their own.
Purpose: master the step-by-step drawing of Gorodets flowers to compose a composition of Gorodets painting for decorating dishes or making a bouquet.
Target: to teach children, educators and parents the phased implementation of the painting of Gorodets flowers.
Tasks:
To consolidate the three main stages in drawing 5 types of Gorodets flowers: bud, cupavka, rosan, chamomile and rose;
Develop a sense of composition and color;
Raise interest and respect for the folk art of Gorodets masters.
Materials: thin and thick brushes, gouache paints - red and pink, blue and light blue, orange, black and white, whole sheets and halves of A3 paper.
Flowers are an indispensable part of any Gorodets work.
Gorodets painting is symbolic. Flowers in it are a symbol of health and prosperity in business.
Flowers of Gorodets painting:
Bud
Chamomile
Rosan
Kupavka
Rose
Gorodets craftsmen love color and shade, and therefore they use red (cherry) and pink paint, blue and cyan, as well as brown, black and white for animation.
The execution of flowers in the technique of Gorodets painting is divided into three stages.
I stage of painting - Underpainting- This is a colored circle that will serve as the basis of any Gorodets flower.
II stage of painting - Tenevka- pointing petals. When we have drawn circles of different colors we need (underpainting), we give the gouache time to dry. Then we begin to draw the petals, depending on the flowers that we want to depict. On a pink underpainting, the petals can be drawn in red, on blue - in blue. In general, the guidance of the petals is always done with a darker contrasting paint.
III stage of painting - Animation- decoration of flowers with white dots and strokes. The pattern is animated. It is carried out with the thinnest brush. To do this, we need art brushes No. 2 or No. 3, as well as white gouache.
Rosan. Step by step drawing.
1. Draw circles on a sheet of paper with a simple pencil.
2. Using a thick brush, draw and paint over an orange circle.
3. Draw a small red circle in the middle of the orange circle.
4. Above and below the large circle, draw a petal.
5. We continue to draw rounded petals along the edge of the circle.
6. Making animation. Carefully dip the tip of the brush in white gouache and decorate the rose with dots. First of all, we put a white dot in the center of the circle, and then in a circle.
Gorodets rose. Step by step drawing.
1. Draw the middle (bud) and petals with a simple pencil.
2. Paint over the middle and rose petals with red.
3. With black paint, add a circle, an arc on top, circle the rose petals with black paint with a thin brush. We begin to direct the arc at first only lightly touching the paper with the tip of the brush, then we make a strong pressure on the brush (the brush leaves a wide smooth mark) and complete the arc again with a thin line.
4-5. Rose revive: dots, petals.
Kupavka. Step by step drawing.
3. At the top of the large pink circle is a small red circle, then draw an arc, and below, in the center, a red petal.
4. Draw red rounded petals to the top with a decrease.
5. Animation of the cup: a dot in the center of a small circle, an arc and petals, dots in the red petals.
Chamomile. Step by step drawing.
1. Draw circles with a simple pencil.
2. Draw and paint over the circle with pink paint.
3. In the center of the pink circle is a small red circle.
4. We draw symmetrically one petal at the top and bottom (the method of sticking.
5. Add petals.
6. Animation with white paint: dot in the center of the chamomile, dots in a circle, white petals between red ones.
Bud. Sample step by step drawing
1. Draw a small circle with blue paint.
2. Add a small blue circle at the top.
3. With a thin brush, draw a blue arc in the form of a month.
4. Draw white arcs - below and above.
5. Draw a blue arc in the middle of the bud.
6. Variants of a bud with a mesh.
Thank you for your attention!
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