ETYMOLOGY OF THE NAMES OF MILITARY UNITS IN THE MODERN ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Voronoi Vsevolod Viktorovich
National Research Tomsk State University
faculty student foreign languages

annotation
The paper discusses the origin of the terms denoting the main types of military units (formations) in the structure of the modern Armed Forces Russian Federation. The etymology of the names of military units, the sources of borrowings, in some cases, the historical circumstances of the occurrence of the term in use in the Russian (Russian) army are established. The conclusion is made about the ways and reasons for the appearance of terms for the designation of military units.

THE ORIGINS OF MILITARY ELEMENTS NAMES IN THE MODERN ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Voronoy Vsevolod Viktorovich
National Research Tomsk State University
Student at the Faculty of Foreign Languages

Abstract
This article considers the origins of terms denoting the main military elements of the Russian Armed Forces. It shows the etymology and historical sources of linguistic borrowing and circumstances that caused these borrowings. It concludes with the ways and reasons of introducing new terms of military elements.

Bibliographic link to the article:
Voronoi V.V. Etymology of the names of military units in the modern Armed Forces of the Russian Federation // Humanitarian scientific research. 2016. No. 4 [Electronic resource]..03.2019).

Throughout its history, the Russian army has undergone many reforms, during which its structure and the hierarchy of military formations have changed. Among the most significant domestic historians are the military reforms of Ivan IV (1550-1571), Peter I (1698-1721), D.A. Milyutin (1862-1874), reforms of 1905-1912, military reform in the USSR (1924-1925). The reform of the army took place under the influence of changing historical, political, economic, social conditions, as well as progressive foreign models. All these circumstances left their mark on the formation, change and development of military terminology. Modern terms denoting military units have a different origin and history of functioning in modern Russian.

This article discusses the origin of terms denoting only specific units (formations) in the structure (or hierarchy) of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In order of growth in the number of personnel, these are: squad, platoon, company, battalion, regiment, brigade, division, corps, army, front. Thus, special names of units in aviation and navy (for example, a flight, squadron, crew, fleet) and some types of troops (for example, a battery in artillery), grouping concepts (for example, a unit, a formation), which have fallen out of use, remain outside the scope of the study. or rarely used terms (eg team, detachment), names of special types of formations (training, disciplinary, etc.).

The subject of the study is the origin of the names of military units in the modern Russian army. The object of the study is a group of words that, in military terminology, designate the main specific military formations in the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation: squad, platoon, company, battalion, regiment, brigade, division, corps, army, front. The purpose of the study is to consider the etymology of this group of words, to establish the main sources of origin of military terms of a particular lexical group (names of military units).

We will consider the origin of the names in order of increasing the number of personnel of the units - from the smallest to the largest.

Branch - the lowest military unit of 6-12 people. It is available in the armed forces of most states, is part of a platoon - motorized rifle (infantry), reconnaissance, sapper, communications, etc. The verb "separate" (hereinafter from the Proto-Slavic deliti) comes from.

A platoon is a combat and administrative unit of a company, squadron or battery. In the etymological dictionaries of M. Fasmer and P.Ya. Chernykh's dictionary entries "platoon" are missing. The word comes from the verb cock. The National Corpus of the Russian Language (NKRYA) records the first use of the word platoon by A. Radishchev in 1773-1774 (the term plutong is also used at the same time). The last use of the word plutong was recorded by the NKR in 1817. Therefore, it can be assumed that for some time the names of the units platoon and plutong functioned in parallel, and then a more understandable term of Slavic origin replaced the foreign name. According to some reports, this happened after 1815 (see Kersnovsky A.A. "History of the Russian Army").

A company is a military unit, consisting of two or three platoons, which is part of a battalion. In Russian, the word company has been known since the first half of the 17th century, since 1632, when the organization of the "regiments of the new system" began. Borrowed from German language. Modern German Rotte - row, crowd, military unit, military detachment. Rotte was borrowed in the Middle Ages from Old French (rote, route - crowd, detachment).

Battalion - part of a regiment of several companies, containing up to 1000 soldiers. It has been known in Russia since 1702. Borrowed directly from French. bataillon, it. battaglione or through it. Bataillon.

Regiment - the formation of armed forces numbering from 900 to 2000 people, including headquarters of several battalions or divisions. According to M. Vasmer, it comes from the Proto-Slavic language, from which, among other things, the Old Slavonic pulk and Old Russian pulk originated. It is also indicated that “loans. from other German. *fulkaz and “primordially Slavic. the origin of the word rъlkъ is less likely. There are other versions of the origin of the word. For example, S. Kolibaba in the article “Regiment - Etymology” indicates that the term regiment appears in the “Tale of Bygone Years” - in 946, when Princess Olga began a war with the Drevlyans, and “in the plot of the chronicler of the XII century, regiments mean Drevlyansk and Kiev militia; those. militia territorial, regional”. Consequently, the term regiment, in the opinion of this author, should have the meaning of "fellowship, district, region, district" in its content. The author connects the origin of the word regiment with the biblical pelakh (district, region, district), analyzing the content of concepts, the graphic and phonetic design of words, the rules for transliterating Jewish names into Russian. Nevertheless, most of the sources we used indicate the Slavic origin of the word "regiment", and we will adhere to this version.

A brigade is a military unit consisting of two or three regiments. As a military term, the word brigade is known in Russian from early XVIII century. Borrowed from French. Fr. brigade - from the Italian brigata (team, crowd, company, society).

A division is a large tactical unit in the army, which is a combination of several regiments in the ground forces. In Russian, the word division has been known since the beginning of the 18th century, when a division consisted of several infantry brigades. The word comes from lat. divisio - division, separation. In many European languages ​​there are similar words: fr. division, German die Division division. It is possible that the word division appeared as a military term earlier than in the West.

A corps is a large military formation, consisting of other formations (divisions, brigades), as well as units and subunits of various branches of the military. In Russian, the word corpus has been found since 1705, borrowed through Polish. corpus or German. das Korps (XVII century). Comes from lat. corpus - "body, organism".

Army - an operational military formation of several corps or divisions of various branches of the armed forces for conducting combat operations during the war. It was recorded in Russian in 1705 by Prince Kurakin; also met in 1704 in the form of an army. Borrowed directly from French or through German die Armee. In this case, the ending -iya may be an erroneous regularization instead of the old -ey, which is perceived as vulgar.

The front is a large operational-strategic association of troops of the armed forces of the state in the conditions of continental hostilities. Russian front (also front and folk front) has been known since 1703. Borrowed from the German language: die Front - “front, system”. Derived from the Latin frons "forehead".

Of the ten names of military units whose origin was considered in this study, seven are borrowed from foreign languages: four from French, three from German. At the same time, six of the seven borrowed terms came into use in the 18th century. Thus, the most active military terms and designations of military units, in particular, were borrowed during the period of military reforms of Peter I (1698-1721). The strongest and most effective European armies were taken as samples, in addition, Peter I invited many foreign military leaders to serve - F. Lefort, P. Gordon, A. Weide, G. Ogilvy and others, who introduced not only new principles for the organization of troops and conduct of hostilities, but also the corresponding military terms. Also extremely conducive to lexical borrowing circumstances are long fighting. Close interaction between military personnel has created favorable conditions for the adoption of a certain layer of vocabulary. The terms borrowed in this era, naming military units (battalion, brigade, division, corps, army, front), to one degree or another, have retained their meaning to this day.

Three of the ten names considered are of Slavic origin. At the same time, two of them (squad, platoon) are relatively new and designate grassroots, the smallest, military units. These terms, as a rule, are used to designate units in the Ground Forces; in different branches of the military, they may have other or parallel names (crew, calculation, etc.). The most interesting of this group is the word regiment - the oldest of all ten terms considered, used as far back as the 10th century. Compared with modern meaning term, in the early period the word regiment actually called any more or less large military formation, most often an association formed on the basis of belonging to one territory or under the command of one military leader. The modern term has a narrower and more specific meaning, although it has retained its universality and is used in all military branches. Accordingly, the knowledge of these terms is an important component of the professional competence of a military translator.

Veremeev Yu.G. Army anatomy/ http://army.armor.kiev.ua/

Fasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language: Per. with him. - M .: Progress, 1984. Part 1-2.

National Corpus of the Russian Language / http://www.ruscorpora.ru

Kersnovsky A.A. History of the Russian army. - M .: Voice, 1994.

Chernykh P.Ya. Historical and etymological dictionary of the modern Russian language. - M .: Russian language, 1994.Ch. 1-2.

Kolibaba S. Polk - etymology / http://www.proza.ru/2014/07/29/1656

Mitchell P.D., Akhtambaev R.P., Ignatov A.A. The influence of military contacts on French borrowings in English language. // Language and culture. 2014. No. 2 (26). pp. 69-73.

Tikhonova E.V., Belov D.N. Professional Competence of a Military Interpreter (Based on Chinese) // Young scientist. 2015. No. 14. S. 525-528.

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Aviation, Air Force - a type of armed forces for fighting in the air and attacking ground and sea targets, equipped with aircraft and helicopters. Performs as independent tasks, and support for other types of troops.
Automatic - weapon. Effective fire up to 400 m, rate of fire up to 100 rounds per minute. One of the best in the world is the Kalashnikov assault rifle.
Army - a set of armed forces; military association of formations and units.
Artillery is a branch of the armed forces, the main striking firepower is guns, mortars, rockets, etc.
An attack is a decisive moment in the offensive actions of troops - fire and forward movement.
A battalion is a subdivision of a regiment or a separate unit. Consists of 3-4 companies and special platoons.
Biological weapons - pathogenic bacteria, viruses, toxins. Forbidden.
BMP - fighting machine infantry. Armored, allows you to fight without leaving it.
A platoon is a unit within a company. Consists of 2-4 departments.

Rifle - small arms with a rifled barrel.
The navy, the navy is a branch of the armed forces. Designed for operations at sea and on land. Includes ships, marines, aviation,
Coastal artillery.
War is a large-scale armed conflict, the achievement of political goals by violent means.
Air defense troops - designed to repel enemy air strikes.
The guard is a select, privileged part of the troops.
Grenade - ammunition for defeating enemy personnel and equipment at a distance of up to 100 m. Designed for firing from grenade launchers and throwing (hand grenades).
Landing troops - designed to land on enemy territory.
The division is the main tactical formation. It consists of regiments, separate 6 tadions, etc.
Military doctrine is an accepted system of views on the goals and methods of warfare.
Military rank - is assigned personally to each serviceman and conscript. Determines seniority in the armed forces.
Caliber - one of the main characteristics of weapons, barrel diameter firearms in millimeters or the mass of the bomb in kilograms.
Surrender - the cessation of armed struggle and the surrender of the troops of one state to another.
A corps is the highest combined-arms formation or operational-tactical association, consisting of several divisions, separate regiments, etc.
A sailor is a private in the navy.
Mina - explosive ammunition for firing mortars; military means for the device of explosive obstacles.
A mortar is a smooth-bore gun for mounted firing at covered targets.
Offensive - a type of conducting military operations with the aim of defeating the enemy and capturing important lines or areas.
Defense - a type of military action used to disrupt the enemy's offensive.
Weapon- common name devices and means used to destroy manpower, equipment and structures of the enemy.
Branch - a military unit of 6-12 people as part of a platoon.
Retreat - the withdrawal of troops from their positions for tactical purposes or under pressure from the enemy.
A truce is a temporary cessation of hostilities by agreement of the belligerents.
Infantry - motorized rifle units, formerly - oldest species ground forces.
Regiment - military unit, organizationally independent combat unit.
A submarine is a ship capable of navigating and performing combat missions both above and below water. Can carry intercontinental missiles.
An order is a written or oral order from a superior to a subordinate, which is law for him.
A cannon is an artillery gun with a firing range of up to 30 km, caliber 20-100 mm.

Rocket troops - a type of armed forces armed with missiles capable of hitting targets in any region of the globe.
Type of army - component type of armed forces, distinguished by its inherent weapons, military equipment and characteristic combat properties.
A company is a unit of several platoons as part of a battalion or a separate one.
Connection - the general name of a brigade, division, corps in various branches of the military.
A soldier is a soldier. In a narrower sense - the military rank of private.
Spetsnaz - units and subunits trained and equipped to perform especially important tasks.
Strategy is the highest field of military art. 06ensures the fulfillment of the tasks set by the policy.
Tactics is an integral part of the art of war, subordinate to strategy. Includes theory and practice of combat.
A tank is an armored tracked fighting vehicle. The main weapon is a cannon with a caliber of up to 152 mm, a machine gun. Crew - 3-4 people. Speed ​​up to 70 km/h.
The rear is the entire territory of a belligerent country, except for the area of ​​military operations.
Charter- official document governing all aspects of life in the armed forces.
The front is the line of deployment of the armed forces and their contact with the enemy.
Chemical weapons - poisonous substances and means of their use (shells, bombs).
Part - a military formation as part of a formation; it includes divisions.
Nuclear weapon - view weapons mass destruction; operating factors: shock wave, light radiation, penetrating radiation and radioactive contamination.

Main external military dangers:

a) the desire to endow the power potential of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with global functions implemented in violation of international law, to bring the military infrastructure of NATO member countries closer to the borders of the Russian Federation, including by expanding the bloc;

b) attempts to destabilize the situation in individual states and regions and undermine strategic stability;

c) deployment (build-up) of military contingents of foreign states (groups of states) in the territories adjacent to the Russian Federation and its allies, as well as in adjacent water areas;

d) the creation and deployment of strategic anti-missile defense systems that undermine global stability and disrupt the existing balance of forces in the nuclear-missile sphere, as well as the militarization of outer space, the deployment of strategic non-nuclear systems of high-precision weapons;

e) territorial claims against the Russian Federation and its allies, interference in their internal affairs;

f) proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, missiles and missile technologies, an increase in the number of states possessing nuclear weapons;

g) violation by individual states of international agreements, as well as non-compliance with previously concluded international treaties in the field of arms limitation and reduction;

h) application military force in the territories of states adjacent to the Russian Federation in violation of the UN Charter and other norms of international law;

i) the presence (emergence) of outbreaks and escalation of armed conflicts in the territories adjacent to the Russian Federation and its allies;

j) the spread of international terrorism;

k) the emergence of hotbeds of interethnic (inter-confessional) tension, the activities of international armed radical groups in areas adjacent to the state border of the Russian Federation and the borders of its allies, as well as the presence of territorial contradictions, the growth of separatism and violent (religious) extremism in certain regions of the world.

Main internal military dangers:

a) attempts to forcibly change the constitutional order of the Russian Federation;

b) undermining the sovereignty, violating the unity and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation;

c) disorganization of the functioning of state authorities, important state, military facilities and information infrastructure of the Russian Federation.

Main military threats:

a) a sharp aggravation of the military-political situation (interstate relations) and the creation of conditions for the use of military force;

b) obstructing the operation of the state and military control systems of the Russian Federation, disrupting the functioning of its strategic nuclear forces, missile attack warning systems, space control, nuclear weapons storage facilities, nuclear energy, nuclear, chemical industries and other potentially dangerous facilities;

c) the creation and training of illegal armed formations, their activities on the territory of the Russian Federation or on the territories of its allies;

d) demonstration of military force during exercises in the territories of states adjacent to the Russian Federation or its allies for provocative purposes;

e) revitalization of the activities of the armed forces of individual states (groups of states) with partial or complete mobilization, transfer of state and military control bodies of these states to work in wartime conditions.

source of potential regional military danger Russia and other CIS countries are states bordering the territory of the former USSR in the south, which are capable of individually creating quite powerful groupings of troops against their northern neighbors. At the same time, regional military threats of a different nature have been smoothed out to a certain extent by bilateral agreements (economic, border, military, cultural, etc.) and have practically not grown into a military threat to Russia, although they have a great explosive potential.

Local military danger at present, it has a more mobile character, more pronounced and specific symptoms of contradictions and a shorter process in time of transition to an immediate threat or to an armed conflict. Local military danger to Russia practically exists around the perimeter borders Russia with far-abroad countries. It is fed by existing purely military and territorial contradictions, which, under certain conditions, can escalate into armed conflicts.

At present, tendencies of increasing military danger within the CIS and Russia, which can develop into armed conflicts, play an increasingly important role. different scale and intensity caused by the following reasons: first- non-coincidence of ethnic and administrative borders of a number of states of the CIS and Russia. The same problem takes place within the Russian Federation between its subjects. The desire of some republics to revise and clarify borders can lead to armed conflict; second- political and economic contradictions both within Russia and with the CIS states can provoke armed conflicts that cause instability and pose a threat to the statehood of Russia; third- the desire of power nationalist structures of some autonomies for complete sovereignty and the creation of their own national formations.

Based on military threats, dangers and measures to ensure the security of Russia, the alignment of military and political forces in the world and states adjacent to Russia, as well as the possible geopolitical goals of the aggressor, military conflicts at the beginning of the 21st century will be characterized as: - frontier wars where the aggressor will pursue goals: breaking through the state border to allow smugglers, terrorists or refugee flows to pass; implementation of territorial claims against Russia; -local wars, which can be unleashed with the following goals: implementation of territorial claims against the Russian Federation; support for armed separatist movements on the territory of Russia with the task of separating certain regions from it, as well as ousting Russian peacekeeping contingents and Russian military bases in other states;

-regional wars- these are wars of a larger scale that will be carried out with the aims of: defeating the main military forces of the Russian Federation in the theater of operations (theater of operations), seizing a significant part of the territory, weakening the military-political leadership of the state and promoting the territorial disintegration of the Russian Federation, weakening Russia's international positions;

-large-scale (world) war, where the aggressor - a state, a coalition of states or their block, will pursue the goals of the military and economic defeat of the Russian Federation and its allies, the dismemberment and liquidation of Russia as a state - a subject of international relations. All this puts forward new requirements for the structure of the military organization of the state, including the system of medical support for the population in war time. It becomes obvious the need to maintain the structures of the medical service of civil defense in high combat and mobilization readiness. Even in a border armed conflict, a local war, one cannot do without civil defense activities with partial mobilization, especially in regions where such aggression has been committed, and in other regions in order to make up for losses in personnel, equipment, materiel, etc.

Shoulder straps and ranks Russian army created in order to clearly delineate duties between the military. The higher the status, the more responsibility is assigned to the soldier who was awarded the rank. Shoulder straps play an identification role, that is, they create a visual representation of a military man, namely: what position he holds, as well as his military rank.

Shoulder straps and ranks in the army play a very important role, and for different troops they have different external characteristics, as well as names. The reason here is that each type of troops has its own characteristics. For comparison, let's go over the land and sea shoulder straps and ranks of the Russian army.

Shoulder straps and ranks in the ground forces of the Russian army

Observance of subordination and knowledge of one's function in the general formation are the basis of military discipline. This is also said to ordinary soldiers who are just beginning to get acquainted in practice with military service. In the ground forces, military personnel are divided by composition.

The following military personnel are included in the number of draft and contact staff:

1. Private. This is the lowest rank of a soldier, from which all conscripts begin their military career. This rank can be considered higher, perhaps, than a cadet, since the latter only theoretically studies all the basics of military art, and the private is already being tested in practice. The shoulder straps of an ordinary soldier are clean, that is, they do not have any identification marks (as the conscripts themselves say, “clean shoulder straps - a clear conscience”).
2. Corporal. As a rule, the most distinguished privates can later be promoted to . It is received by the very best or senior privates, that is, obvious leaders in their environment. The epaulettes of the Russian Federation at the corporal already take on one thin strip as a distinctive sign. It is this symbol that gives other military personnel an idea of ​​​​the role of this soldier in the overall military structure. If the commander is absent for some reason, then he is replaced by a corporal.

After the fundamental ranks, sergeants and foremen follow. Further, it is they who follow in order of the hierarchy of shoulder straps and military ranks:

1. Lance Sergeant. This rank is an intermediate step between the corporal and the foreman. As a rule, promotion in rank means acceptance of a new position. upon receiving his new rank, he is appointed as a squad leader, or as a tank or vehicle. Another narrow stripe is added to the shoulder straps of Russia of a junior sergeant. This rank can also be obtained in exceptional cases if the soldier is sent to the reserve and at the time of sending he had the rank of corporal. However, this corporal should distinguish himself by merit and be one of the best.
2. Sergeant. This is the next link, to which the soldier passes after overcoming the rank of junior sergeant. Upon receipt of this title, shoulder straps are supplemented with another narrow strip. By this time, the soldier has three of them. It is referred to differently as "non-commissioned officer", and in many countries, especially in Germany, where the term comes from, it sounds the same.
3. Staff Sergeant. A soldier awarded this title receives one wide instead of three narrow stripes on the shoulder straps of the Russian army. occupies an intermediate step between foreman and sergeant.
4. Sergeant major. If before this rank the defining lines were located across the shoulder strap, then the wide line already goes along the shoulder strap. Among the military personnel of its composition, this rank is the most senior. As a rule, foremen are also an official and command an entire company. In relation to sergeants and soldiers who stand at the very first steps of military ranks, he is a commander. His job responsibilities include monitoring the observance of discipline among subordinates, suggesting to juniors what to do in a given situation, and ensuring that all subordinates fulfill their duties.

Find out: What shoulder straps does the lieutenant colonel wear, how many stars are on them

After that, the composition of the ranks of the RF Armed Forces goes into the category of ensigns:

1. Ensign. The shoulder straps of the military in this rank somewhat change their appearance, since instead of stripes, starting with the ensign, stars are used. At the ensign they are small and are available in the amount of two pieces. This is another level military service, respectively, the requirements are tougher in relation to the soldier who was awarded this rank.
2. Senior Warrant Officer. It is also an intermediate link between the ensign and officer ranks. Another small star is added to the shoulder straps. Just like on the shoulder straps of an ensign, red lines run along both sides. This rank of military personnel is used not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also in many other states.

The officer corps comes immediately after the composition of warrant officers, it includes the following ranks of military personnel:

1. Ensign. The first level of junior officers. Appearance The shoulder strap also changes, as the two longitudinal strips are replaced by one that runs from one edge to the other in the middle of the shoulder strap. When a soldier is promoted to the rank of junior lieutenant, three small stars are replaced by one larger one. The star is clearly on the red line. This title is used in the power structures of our country, as well as in the military hierarchy abroad.
2. Lieutenant. This title is used not only in the army, but also in such structures of our state as, for example, the police. It is the middle link between junior lieutenant and senior. On shoulder straps, instead of one star of medium size, there are two. However, not along the red line, but on its sides.
3. Senior lieutenant. A third star of medium size is added to the shoulder straps, which is located just above the two side ones, on the red center line. This military rank also applies to junior officers, it is used both in law enforcement agencies and the armed forces both in our country and on the territory of foreign states.
4. Captain. On the captain's shoulder straps, one more, fourth star of medium size is added, which is located just above the third and also on the red center line. This rank is available both in the ground forces of our country and in the navy. Initially, the chiefs of the military maritime districts were called captains, and later it acquired a modern meaning.

Find out: What is the procedure for conferring military ranks on military personnel

1. Major. The rank has one star, an order of magnitude more than the stars of a captain or lieutenant. Shoulder strap has two longitudinal red stripes. This rank is the first step in the senior officer corps.
2. Lieutenant colonel. Shoulder straps have two stars located on two red lines. It is the middle step between major and colonel. Used in the national army, as well as in law enforcement structures of many European countries, as well as Russia.
3. Colonel. A third star is added to the shoulder straps, located just above the other two. This step is the final one in the senior officer corps. The name comes from the ancient concept of "regiment", that is, the head of this same regiment. The rank is used in the armed forces of our country, as well as in law enforcement agencies. The title exists not only in Russia, but also in other states.

The highest officers of our country are represented by generals, who also have their own internal military gradation:

1. Major General. This title is the first step in the so-called elite of our military hierarchy. Shoulder straps at this stage are crowned with large stars, this title has one such star. The red line now wraps around the entire shoulder strap.
2. Lieutenant general. A soldier of this rank was awarded two large stars on shoulder straps. Despite the fact that a major is higher than a lieutenant, a lieutenant general in the highest system of military service will be higher than a major general.
3. Colonel General. It has three large stars on shoulder straps, arranged in a row. Represents the middle link between a lieutenant general and an army general.
4. Army General. A soldier of this rank has four large stars. In the United States or Ukraine, it is the highest military rank. However, in countries where there are such ranks as field marshal or marshal, it is in second place in terms of seniority.
5. Marshal of the Russian Federation. The highest military rank in our country. On shoulder straps is the coat of arms of the Russian Federation and a star in a range of two colors - gold and silver. This title was established in 1993 by a relevant decree.

Find out: Crystal epaulettes for the generals of the National Guard, an interesting story

Military ranks and epaulettes in the naval forces of Russia

Obligations and status in the naval forces are similar to those used in the land, but the names of the sailors are different.

junior ranks:

• foreman 2 articles;
• foreman 1 article;
• chief foreman;
• chief ship foreman;
• midshipman;
• senior midshipman.

The gradation of ranks in the naval forces is as follows (begins with junior officer ranks).

Reference

The art of military affairs has appeared since the formation of states and exists to this day. For the defense and protection of their territories, a permanent composition of physically hardy and professional specialists is needed. Even in peacetime, constant training of the armed forces is carried out. This is not only the construction of military bases and the production of equipment, but also human resources. Special educational institutions have been set up to train highly qualified military personnel.

Demand for the profession

Quite in demand

Representatives of the profession Serviceman are in high demand in the labor market. Despite the fact that universities produce a large number of specialists in this field, many companies and many enterprises require qualified military personnel.

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Description of activity

What knowledge should a soldier have? Not only theory is important here, but also the practice of preparing and conducting military operations on land, sea or in the air. Each soldier adheres to the Charter Armed Forces, the norms of international humanitarian law, as well as the rules for the treatment of the wounded and prisoners. Soldiers have their own special obligations. They are not allowed to engage in business activities, disclose military secret and refuse to complete the task.

Wage

average in Moscow:

The uniqueness of the profession

Pretty common

The majority of respondents believe that the profession Serviceman can not be called rare, in our country it is quite common. For several years, the labor market has seen a demand for representatives of the profession Serviceman despite the fact that a lot of specialists graduate every year.

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What kind of education is needed

Higher professional education

The survey data show that for work in the profession Serviceman you must have a diploma of higher professional education in the relevant specialty or in a specialty that allows you to work military personnel(adjacent or similar specialty). Secondary vocational education is not enough to become military personnel.

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Job responsibilities

The duties of military personnel are determined by the Charter of the Armed Forces, as well as the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation. The soldier protects the territory, equipment and human resources. Depending on the rank, he can lead subordinates, make decisions and give orders. Before that, the serviceman analyzes the available facts, predicts a possible danger. His duties include not only physical training and the study of the charter, but also the preparation of documentation on the operations or activities carried out. A serviceman can also work in educational military institutions and perform the functions of a teacher.

Type of labor

Mostly mental work

Profession Serviceman- this is a profession of predominantly mental work, which is more connected with the reception and processing of information. In work Serviceman the results of his intellectual reflections are important. But, at the same time, physical labor is not excluded.

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Features of career growth

The career growth of a soldier depends on receiving titles and awards. This requires positive feedback from the higher command and a certain service life. Currently, contract service is popular. This has its advantages: it is a high wage, the possible provision of housing and benefits for admission to educational institutions.

Career Opportunities

Opportunities Enough

The vast majority of the profession Serviceman believe that they have enough opportunities to move up the career ladder. If an ordinary specialist has such a goal, then it is quite realistic for him to take a leadership position in this area.

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