Preview:
Lesson in the senior group
« Military equipment Russian Army"
Educational areas: « cognitive development”, “Artistic and aesthetic development”, “Speech development»
Program tasks: Expand children's ideas about the Russian army, about their native country, about public holidays (Defender of the Fatherland Day, Victory Day). Develop curiosity, expand the horizons of children,
To cultivate love for the motherland, respect for the defenders of the fatherland. Introduce children to military equipment: tank, plane, ship and military professions: tanker, pilot, sailor; help children use words in speech in strict accordance with the meaning.
Encourage the creation of plot compositions, supplement them with details that enrich the images.
To form the ability to responsibly treat the task assigned (the ability and desire to bring the matter to the end, the desire to do it well).
Materials for the lesson: paintings, reproductions, albums with a military theme, paintings about the war, a music center for listening to the song "Solar Circle", templates for creating an application.
Course progress.
Motivational-orienting stage.
Children enter the group, the teacher offers to listen to the song "Solar Circle". Children stand near the teacher and listen to the song.
Educator: Guys, what is the song about, why did the boy write these words: “May there always be sun, may there always be sky, may there always be mom, may there always be me.”
Children: Because the boy wants peace on earth.
Search stage
Educator: The boy wrote these words for a reason, because in the history of people there were such moments when children suffered the most, lost their mothers, did not see a peaceful sky above their heads ... There were such moments in the history of our Motherland. We see them in these pictures. (Children approach an easel on which illustrations of military operations are attached).
Practical stage
Examination of the illustration "Children of War"
Teacher: What do you think is shown in the pictures?
Children: War.
Educator: Today we are not just looking at these illustrations. Soon our country will celebrate the holiday. Who knows what holiday this is?
Educator: Right! This is Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War, which lasted for many days and nights and ended with the victory of our people. Let's remember once again what kind of victory it was, over whom?
Children: Victory over the Nazi troops.
Educator: Yes, our soldiers defeated the fascist troops, it was a very terrible war. For a long time, day after day, our people fought against the fascist army. What troops are in the Russian Army?
Children: Ground Forces, air Force, naval.
Educator: Guys, what helped our soldiers win?
Children: Courage, Courage, Courage.
Educator: Yes, you are right, but military equipment also helped our soldiers. But what, you will find out if you guess the riddles:
Two caterpillars crawl, they carry a tower with a cannon. (Tank)
(Consideration of the layout of the T - 34 tank)
Guys, what does the tank have?
Children: hull, turret with cannon, caterpillars……
Educator: Why do you think the tank is on tracks and not on wheels?
(children's answers)
Educator: A tank needs caterpillars in order to move not along roads, but through fields, forests, swamps.Why does a tank need a cabin?
Children: The cabin is needed so that the tanker can shoot in different directions.
Educator: Tanks first appeared on the battlefield. These were large military vehicles that were made of strong iron so that the enemy could not penetrate the armor of the tank. (Armor is the basis of the tank). Tanks protect our country on the ground.
Guys, what do you think, who controls the tank?
Children: The tanker is driving the tank.
Educator: Guys, in order for a tanker to drive a tank, he must be accurate. I suggest you be tankers and check how accurate you are.
Hit the target game.
Educator: Next riddle.
A bird flies across the sky, a man sits inside. (Consideration of the aircraft).
Educator: What does the plane have?
Children: body, wings, chassis
Educator: Guys, the plane is made of durable metal, but in war time the planes were made of thick cardboard, when an enemy projectile hit such an aircraft, it quickly caught fire, and the pilot had to jump out of the cockpit (eject). And in order not to crash when jumping, each pilot had a parachute
Educator: What is the landing gear for?
Children: In order to take off.
Educator: What else does the plane need to take off?
Children: Wings
Educator: To take off, the plane needs wings of a special design and a motor that transfers energy to the wheels. After turning on the engine, the aircraft picks up speed, accelerating on the runway.
Airplane is the fastest mode of transport. All planes arrive and depart from the airport. The plane is fighting machine, protecting our country in the air.
Who is flying the plane? (Pilots.)
- Physical education "Airplane":
We put our hands apart: (Hands to the sides.)
An airplane appeared. ("They flew" like planes.)
Wing back and forth, (Tilts left and right.)
Do one, do two. (Turns left and right.)
One and two, one and two! (We clap our hands.)
Hold your hands to the sides, (Hands to the sides.)
Look at each other. (Turns left and right.)
One and two, one and two! (Jumping in place.)
Hands down (Hands down)
And stop right there! (Standing in place.)
Educator: Now guess another riddle about military equipment
You can be a sailor
To protect the border
And serve not on earth,
And on the military ... (Ship)
Educator: Tell me, who serves on the ship?
Children: Sailors
Educator: Why does the ship have an anchor?
Children: To stop
Educator: Why does a sailor need binoculars?
Children: To look into the distance.
Educator: Right. Ships protect our Motherland at sea. The main task of a warship is to destroy enemy ships. Cannons are placed on the deck of a warship. (Look at the illustration of the ship).
Educator: Guys, I suggest you create a collective application "Military equipment in the sky, at sea, on land."
Children sit at the tables, finger gymnastics is carried out:
Aty-baty, aty-baty,
The soldiers are on the parade.
Here come the tankers
Then the gunners
And then - the infantry,
Company after company. (children walk their fingers on their knees)
Independent work of children;
reflective
Summary of the lesson. The teacher invites the children to stand in a circle.
Guys, what are you talking about today?
What military equipment did you learn about today?
What were you interested in?
What seemed difficult?
What else would you like to know about?
Some samples and characteristics of Russian military equipment.
Title: Perspective aviation complex front-line aviation PAK-FA: T-50
Type: fifth generation multirole fighter
Developer: Sukhoi Design Bureau, Russia
Crew: 1
Length, m: 19.7
Height, m: 4.7
Wingspan, m: 14
Wing area, m2: 79
Masses, kg:
Empty: 18500
Normal takeoff: 26000
Maximum takeoff: 36000
Fuel in internal tanks: 10400
Speed, km/h:
At altitude: 2440 (M=2.3)
Near the ground: 1700
Practical ceiling, m: 20000
Rate of climb, m/s: 330
Maximum operating overload: 10.5
Takeoff / run length, m: 350/350
Practical range, km:
4300 without PTB,
5500 with 2 PTB
Range, km: 1500…1800
Flight duration: up to 5.8 hours
Engine: 2 TRDDF Saturn "Product 117S" AL-41F1 (flight at supersonic speed without afterburner and resource increased to 4000 hours, in 2016 it is planned to install a promising engine "Product 129", which has flat nozzles to reduce radar visibility).
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x8800
Afterburner: 2x14500
Name: Tank T-14 "Armata"
Type: main tank
Manufacturer: KB UralVagonZavod, Russia
Crew, people: 3
Length, body m: 8.35
Length with gun forward, m: 10.40
Width, m: 4
Height, m: 2.80 on the roof of the tower
Combat weight, kg: 57000
Engine: 12 - cylinder, X-shaped diesel turbo piston engine A-85-3A (aka 12N360 and 2V12-3)
Power, hp: lowered from 1500 to 1200 to save engine life
Dry engine weight, kg: 1550
Speed, km/h:
Highway: 70
Power reserve, km: 520
Armament:
1 x 125mm 2A82 smoothbore gun capable of firing guided missiles
1 x 7.62 mm tank modernized Kalashnikov machine gun
1x12.7 mm machine gun "Kord" (6P49) is mounted synchronously with the commander's panorama
Like a tank gun, machine gun control is remote-digital
Ammunition, pcs:
Shots to the gun: 45 (of which 32 in the automatic loader)
Cartridges for machine guns: caliber 7.62 - 2000 pcs. Ammunition ready for battle - 1000 rounds. Another 1000 rounds in the belts at the rear of the turret.
Caliber 12.7 mm - 300 pcs. and 300 cartridges in tapes are stored in a box
Loading: automatic loader
Rate of fire in combat conditions, rds / min: 10
Target detection range, m: up to 5000
Target engagement range, m: up to 7000
Built on the universal tracked platform "Armata", it uses the best developments in projects experimental tanks T-95 and "Black Eagle". The tank is larger and heavier than the T-90 and has seven rollers on board. The crew consists of three people. Among the main features of "Armata" is an uninhabited tower. None of the crew members are stationed in the tower during the battle. Resistant armor is created using a new grade of steel, and the addition of ceramic and composite layers. Steel grade 44S-SV-Sh was created at JSC Research Institute of Steel.
The operation of the tower is fully automated and has a remote control. Emphasis was placed on the comfort and safety of the crew. The crew must be better protected than any other tank in the world. The capsule has active protection.
Name: T-72B
Type: main tank
Developer: Design Bureau of the Ural Carriage Works, Russia
Start of production: 1985
Combat weight, t: 42.5
Crew, people: 3
Dimensions:
Length (with gun forward), m: 9.53
Width, m: 3.46
Height (on the roof of the tower), m: 2.226
Clearance, m: 0.47
Booking: anti-projectile combined with hinged dynamic protection
Armament: 1 x 125 mm 2A46M cannon 1 x 7.62 mm PKT machine gun 1 x 12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun
1 x 9K120 Svir guided weapon system (ATGM 9M112 with radio control and optical feedback)
Cannon firing range, m:
Maximum: 4000
Effective: n/a
Projectile weight: up to 23kg
Beginning projectile speed, m / s: up to 850 (at 23 kg) up to 1700 (at 7.05 kg)
Ammunition for the gun, pcs.: 45
Ammunition for the PKT machine gun, piece: 2000
Ammunition for the NSVT machine gun, pcs.: 300
Ammunition for anti-tank systems, pcs.: 4
Pointing angles:
Horizontally, degrees: 360
Vertical, degrees: -6 to +14
Engine: V-84-1 diesel
Power, l/s: 840
Max, speed, km/h:
Highway: 60
Cross Country: 35
By water: n/a
Power reserve, km: 500 (700 with external tanks)
Overcome obstacles:
Rise at an angle, deg.: 30
Roll, degrees: 25
Wall height, m: 0.85
Ditch width, m: 2.8
Ford depth, m: 1.2 (with OPVT - 5)
Equipment:
R-173 radio station, R-174 intercom, GPK-59 navigation equipment, TDA smoke screen installation, 8 x 902B, commander's sighting system TKN-ZV, fire extinguishing equipment ZETS13 "Hoarfrost" with freon cylinders.
The adoption by the Soviet Army in 1985 of tanks of the new modification T-72B was a kind of response to the appearance in the armed forces of NATO of the third post-war generation tanks: "Leopard-2", Ml "Abrams" and "Challenger". The design of the T-72B implemented the latest achievements of the then Soviet defense industry - a dynamic protection system and a complex of tank guided weapons.
Armor protection:
The armor of the T-72 is rolled and cast steel, the VLD of the hull (on all models) and the frontal armor of the turret (most models) are combined. The hull of the tank is welded, made of rolled armor parts of various thicknesses and designs. VLD combined, inclined at an angle of 68° from the vertical. NLD made of homogeneous steel, its thickness is 80 mm (on the T-72A it was increased to 100 mm). The steel sheets of the side armor are 70-80 mm thick.
Name: Tu-160 "Blackjack"
Type: Strategic supersonic missile bomber
Crew: 4
Length, m: 54.1
Height, m: 13.1
Wingspan, m: 55.7/35.6
Wing area, m2: 360
Masses, kg:
Empty: 118000
Normal takeoff: 267600
Maxim. takeoff: 275000
Fuel: 148000
Maxim. combat load: 40000
Normal combat load: 9000
Speed, km/h:
Altitude: 2200
Near the ground: 1030
Cruising: 850
Practical ceiling, m: 15000
Maxim. rate of climb, m/min: 4200
Maxim. operating overload: 3.5
Takeoff / run length, m: 2000/1600
Required runway length, m: 3050
Breakaway speed, km/h: 284
Landing speed, km/h: 300
Practical range, km (without refueling):
With normal loading - more than 12500
With max. Loading - 10500
Flight duration, h: 15
Engine: 4xTRDDF NK-32
Thrust, kgf:
Afterburner: 4x25000
Armament: no built-in armament. Two weapons compartments can accommodate various loading options weighing up to 40,000 kg: up to 12 X-55 type missiles, up to 12 X-15 type missiles, KAB of various types with a caliber of up to 1500 kg, thermonuclear and conventional bombs, mines.
avionics: the aircraft is equipped with an integrated sighting and navigation system, including a backup INS, an astronavigation system, a radar, an optoelectronic automatic bombing sight. There is an electronic warfare complex.
Name: Tu-142M "Bear-E"
Type: Anti-submarine aircraft
Developer: Tupolev Design Bureau, Russia
Crew, people: 10-11
Length, m: 55.1
Height, m: 13.6
Wingspan, m: 50.04
Wing area, m2: 289.9
Masses, kg:
Empty: 91800
Maxim. takeoff: 182000
Fuel: 86000
Maxim. combat load: 9000
Speed, km/h:
Maxim. at altitude: 855
Cruising: 735
Practical ceiling, m: 10600
Takeoff / run length, m: 2530 / n.d
Practical flight range, km: 10050
Range, km: 5000
Flight duration, h: 12
Engine: 4xTVD NK-12MV
Power, hp: 4х15000
Armament:
Ammunition: n / a
The bomb bays can accommodate various weapons weighing up to 9000 kg; depth charges, torpedoes, rockets, as well as various sonar buoys. Up to 8 Kh-35 anti-ship missiles can be suspended on parts of the aircraft under the wings.
Airborne avionics: aircraft are equipped with various search and sighting systems: Korshun, Korshun-Kaira, 2 Korshun-K, Berkut, as well as electronic warfare systems.
Name: Su-30 (T-10PU) "Flanker-C"
Type: Air defense fighter-interceptor
Manufacturer: OKB Sukhoi, Russia
Crew: 2
Length, m (with PVD): 21.93
Height, m: 6.35
Wingspan, m: 14.7
Wing area, m2: 62.04
Masses, kg:
Empty: 17500
Normal takeoff: 24000
Maxim. takeoff: 30500
Fuel in internal tanks: 9400
Maxim. combat load: 4000
Speed, km/h:
At height: 2125(M=2.0)
Near the ground: 1400 (M=1.14)
Practical ceiling, m: 17500
Rate of climb, m/s: 13700
Maxim. operating overload: 9
Takeoff / run length, m: 750/650
Breakaway speed, km/h: 270
Landing speed, km/h: 240
Practical range, km:
Altitude: 3000
Near ground: 1300
With one refueling: 5200
Engine: 2xAL-31F
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x7600
Afterburner: 2x12500
Armament:
1хGSh-301 (30mm, 1500 rds/min)
Ammunition, pcs: 150
Air-to-air missile armament is similar to that of the Su-27P, but with the possibility of using R-77 missiles with an active RGSN.
avionics: SUV similar to that used on the Su-27P. Additionally, the Su-30 avionics includes special communication and guidance equipment for fighters operating in the group. All data on the tactical situation is displayed on a widescreen display in the rear cockpit, from where the target distribution in the group takes place. Also on the Su-30, the navigation system, SDU, have been modernized, there is an in-flight refueling system. The defense complex is similar to the Su-27P. Serial production started in 1991. in Irkutsk.
Name: MiG-25PD (ed. 84D) "Foxbat-E"
Type: Interceptor
Producer: OKB MiG, Russia
Crew: 1
Length, m (with LDPE): 22.3
Height, m: 6.6
Wingspan, m: 14.056
Wing area, m2: 61.9
Masses, kg:
Empty: about 20,000
Normal takeoff: 34920
Maxim. takeoff: 41000
Fuel in internal tanks: 14750
Maxim. combat load: 1800
Speed, km/h:
At altitude: 3000 (M=2.83)
Near ground: 1200
Practical ceiling, m: 20700
Rate of climb, m/sec: n/a
Maxim. operating overload: 5
Takeoff / run length, m: 1250/800 (with TP)
Breakaway speed, km/h: 360
Landing speed, km/h: 290
Practical range, km: 1730
Ferry range, km: n/a
Engine: 2xRD-15BD-300
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x8000
Afterburner: 2x11200
Armament: up to four R-40RD missiles with PARGSN and R-40TD with IKGSN, or up to four R-60 and R-60M missiles with IKGSN in various combinations. There is no built-in cannon armament. It is possible to hang one PTB (5300kg) under the fuselage.
Airborne: N005 Sapphire-25 radar with AVM-25 computer and TP-23Sh1 heat direction finder.
The interceptor is guided using the Lazur-M command radio control line, SPO-15 Bereza is installed to warn about exposure.
The first flight of the MiG-25PD was made on November 19, 1977 under the control of test pilot Menitsky V.E. Serial production took place at the Sokol NGAZ in 1978-79, more than 150 units were produced, some of the machines were exported to Iraq, Syria and Algeria.
Name: 5P85S
Type: launcher of the S-300PS complex
Equipped with preparation and management container
Rocket launch and autonomous power supply system 5S18A
Combat crew, people: 4
Type of missiles: 5V55R.
Ammunition, pcs: 4
SAM deployment time: 5 min.
Maximum effective launch range:
(target height over 2000m) 47 km.
(target height up to 25m) 25 km.
Max Height
Launch: 30000 m.
Minimum launch height: 25 m.
Max speed
Targets: 1.167 m/s
Chassis: MAZ-543M
Maximum speed, km/h: 60
Power reserve, km: 650
Weight, kg: 20000
Length: 9.4 m.
Width: 3.1 m.
Height: 3.7 m.
Type: 130-mm self-propelled gun mount of the coastal artillery complex A-222 "Bereg"
Producer: TsKB "Titan", Russia
Crew: 8
Length, m: 12.95
Width, m: 3.2
Height, m: 3.925
Combat weight, kg: 43700
Booking: n/a
Engine: diesel, D-12A-525A
Power, hp: 525
Max. speed, km/h:
Highway:60
Power reserve, km: 650
Armament:
1x130mm gun
Firing range, km: 23
Projectile type: high-explosive F-44
Projectile weight, kg: 33.4 (all types)
Beginning projectile speed, m/s: 850.
Ammunition, pcs: 48
Pointing angles, degrees:
Vertical: -5/+50
Horizontal: +/-120
Rate of fire, rds / min: 14
State tests of the 130-mm self-propelled coastal artillery system A-222 "Bereg" were completed on May 30, 1993.
The complex is designed to defend the coast from ships, aircraft and KR (within the guidance angles) of the enemy.
The complex consists of a self-propelled artillery mount(up to 4 units), fire control system BR-136 and combat duty support vehicle.
All components of the A-222 "Bereg" complex are placed on the MAZ-543M chassis with the wheel arrangement 8X8. The weight of the chassis is 21 tons.
The gun mount cannon uses shells from the AK-130 ship gun mount, but the barrel has a muzzle brake and an ejector. The length of the barrel is about 54 calibers, a number of elements of the swinging part are taken from the self-propelled guns 2S19 "Msta".
Charging unitary type.
The installation is equipped with a ballistic computer, a laser rangefinder and an optoelectronic command sight, which allows you to autonomously fire at targets in the event of the destruction or failure of the BR-136 Podacha fire control system.
Type: Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (project 1143.5 "Eagle")
Displacement, tons: 55000 standard 67500 full
Dimensions, m: 302.5 × 72.3 × 10.5.2 aircraft lifts
Speed, knots: 30
Power plant: 8 boilers, 4 GTZA. 200000 hp 4 screws.
Range, miles: 3850 at 29 knots, 8500 at 18 knots, 12000 at 10 knots
Crew: 2590 people, incl. 626 air wing.
Armament: 12 launchers SM-233 SCRC P-700 "Granit", 4 × 6 VPU air defense systems "Dagger" 192 SAMs 9M-330, 8 SAMs "Kortik" - 2x4 SAMs 9M311 + 2x500 pieces, 6 × 6-30mm AK- 630M - in the installation of 2000pcs, 2x10 RKPTZ-1 "Udav-1M" - 60 RSL-120, 24 Su-33, 18 Ka-27 missiles of various modifications.
REO: CICS "Lesorub", navigation and communication radar, space communication system, Mars-Passat complex, Fregat-MA radar, Podkat radar, antenna launchers for air defense systems and artillery, Rezistor flight control radar, landing system "Moon", the electronic warfare system "Constellation-BR".
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Presentation on the topic: Military equipment
slide number 1
Description of the slide:
slide number 2
Description of the slide:
Our military equipment caused fear and panic among the enemies. On the ground, fear was inspired by the legendary T-34 (and later T-34-85), which had no equal on the battlefield. In the Battle of Kursk, the Katyushas swept away the fascist formations, which were ready to rush into the attack. And in the air, the Nazi vultures were rammed by our Il-2, which the Nazis called the "Black Death". This technique brought us victory in a bloody war.
slide number 3
Description of the slide:
Steam locomotive of the Eu series Steam locomotive of the Eu series of medium power, designed to service passenger and freight trains. Steam locomotives of this series were distinguished by their power and reliability, the ability to work on any type of fuel. It was this locomotive that was destined to become the main front-line steam locomotive. Weight 85t
slide number 4
Description of the slide:
Katyusha The weapon is relatively simple, consisting of guide rails and their guidance device. For aiming, swivel and lifting mechanisms and an artillery sight were provided. There were two jacks in the rear of the car, which ensured greater stability when firing. The rocket was a welded cylinder, divided into three compartments - a warhead, fuel and jet nozzle. One machine contained from 14 to 48 guides. The RS-132 projectile for installing the BM-13 was 1.8 m long, 132 mm in diameter and weighed 42.5 kg.
slide number 5
Description of the slide:
On the eve of the war, rifle troops were equipped with automatic weapons. Designers V.A. Degtyarev, F.V. Tokarev, S.G. Simonov, G.S. Shpagin and others in prewar years created various types of automatic weapons: self-loading rifles (SVT), light and anti-aircraft machine guns, submachine gun (PPD and PPSh). By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the firepower of the rifle battalion was about 15,980 rounds per minute. This has significantly increased firepower rifle troops.
slide number 6
Description of the slide:
In the early 30s, Soviet gunsmiths developed a potentially new individual automatic weapon close combat, which combined fighting qualities pistol (light weight, portability) and machine gun (high firepower). Prototypes of machine guns were made, the best of which was recognized as the Degtyarev submachine gun (PPD).
slide number 7
Description of the slide:
The 152-mm cannon of the 1935 model was designed by a group of engineers led by I.I. Ivanov. She successfully withstood field tests in 1936 and was put into service. This long-range gun, capable of sending a projectile over a distance of almost 26 km, was used in the artillery units of the High Command.
slide number 8
Description of the slide:
In 1938, a group of designers led by F.F. Petrov created a 122-mm howitzer, which, by its design, was one of the simplest domestic artillery systems. The howitzer proved itself well during the Great Patriotic War. She successfully suppressed and destroyed enemy manpower and firepower both in open areas and in shelters, destroyed field-type structures and fought artillery and even tanks.
slide number 9
Description of the slide:
During the Second World War, the 25 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun was widely used by units of the Red Army to fight aircraft at ranges up to 2400 m and at altitudes up to 2000 m. If necessary, it could also be fired at light tanks and armored vehicles.
slide number 10
Description of the slide:
The Soviet 57-mm anti-tank gun ZIS-2 was successfully used during the Great Patriotic War to fight enemy tanks and armored vehicles. According to its characteristics, it had no equal among the small-caliber anti-tank artillery: at an initial speed of 700 m / s, its projectile at a distance of 500 m pierced armor 100 mm thick.
slide number 11
Description of the slide:
In 1942, the Soviet Union developed a new 300 mm M-30 rocket designed to destroy enemy fortifications in the front line. A powerful over-caliber warhead weighing about 29 kg was joined by a rocket engine from the M-13 projectile. The aerodynamic qualities of the M-30 were unsatisfactory, which adversely affected the range and accuracy of fire, but they were largely offset by the much greater destructive power of the new projectile. The launch of the M-30 was made from ordinary transport wooden closures. Four or eight of these boxes were placed on a metal frame with removable racks in the front to adjust the elevation angle and coulters to stop in the rear.
slide number 12
Description of the slide:
The first Soviet 82-mm mortar was developed in 1934 and two years later was put into service under the designation "82-mm battalion mortar mod. 1936. It was a smooth pipe with a biped, resting on a massive slab. A shock absorber, lifting and turning mechanisms and a sight were located on the biped. A feathered mine for firing a shot fell into the barrel of a mortar and, under the influence own weight pricked with a primer on the striker in the breech. The charge of the mine, ignited at the same time, threw it out of the barrel. To increase the firing range between the wings of the tail of the mine, additional charges were invested.
slide number 13
Description of the slide:
To partially replace divisional howitzers in 1940, the GAU announced a competition for the creation of a cheaper 160-mm mortar, designed to destroy enemy fortifications at a short firing range. A year later, two prototypes of the mortar developed by the design bureaus of I.G. Teverovsky and B.I. Shavyrin. According to the test results, preference was given to the Teverovsky system, after appropriate modifications, adopted for service under the designation "160-mm mortar mod. 1943".
slide number 14
Description of the slide:
At the end of 1942, the Soviet troops switched to offensive operations, and a fairly maneuverable 152-mm corps howitzer with a relatively light weight was required to support the formations. Its development was entrusted to the design bureau under the leadership of F.F. Petrov. They took the barrel from a 152-mm howitzer mod. 1938 (M-10), and put it on the carriage of the 122-mm M-30 divisional howitzer. Thus, just 18 days after the start of work, the new gun under the designation D-1 successfully passed field tests, and then military tests. It was quite light for its class, and the suspension mechanism allowed it to be towed at speeds up to 40 km/h.
slide number 15
Description of the slide:
The development of a 50-mm company mortar was started in the Design Bureau of Plant No. 7 at the beginning of 1937. During the year, several prototype mortars were tested. The 50-mm company mortar arr. 1938 was adopted in 1938. Its serial production began in 1939. 1720 mortars were manufactured in a year. For the I-III quarters of 1940, eleven factories were given a plan for 23105 50-mm mortars mod. 1938, by August 1, 1940, 18,994 mortars were manufactured at a price of 3,600 rubles. a piece.
slide number 16
Description of the slide:
The mortar is assembled according to a blind scheme (all parts of the mortar are mounted on a base plate) and equipped with a remote valve with gas outlet upwards. Mortar plate stamp-welded membrane type. Three coulters were attached to the plate. The mortar carriage consisted of two parts: the lower one, connected to the bearing plate and rotating around the bearing, and the upper one, swinging around the swivel with the lower part of the carriage.
Description of the slide:
76.2 mm regimental gun mod. 1927 was widely used during military conflicts on the CER, near Lake Khasan and on the Khalkhin-Gol River, as well as in the first period of the Great Patriotic War. However, for offensive operations The infantry of the Red Army needed a lighter gun with an increased sector of horizontal fire to deal with moving targets. The project of a new regimental gun was developed at the plant in Motovilikha by engineers led by M. Tsirulnikov. They used a method that had already been tried many times, putting the barrel of the old "colonel" on the carriage of a 45-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1942. Thus, the gun's horizontal aiming angle was increased to 60 ° due to the use of sliding beds.
slide number 19
Description of the slide:
During the Great Patriotic War, the 37-mm cannon of the 1939 model was the main anti-aircraft gun of the Red Army to protect ground troops from attacks by low-flying enemy aircraft. Anti-aircraft guns, depending on the situation, were also used in battles with enemy armored vehicles. The 37-mm anti-aircraft gun with the factory index 31-K was developed in 1938 at the plant. Kalinin under the leadership of the chief designer M.N. Loginova. A prototype machine entered the test in October of the same year and showed pretty good results.
Dear Guys! Let's talk about the profession of a military man.
Who is a soldier? This is a man who is military service.
I am sure that each of you saw the military parade on TV, which takes place on May 9, on the Victory Day of our people in the war against Nazi Germany.
Representatives of all military branches walk in orderly rows along Red Square, minting a step. They are wearing dress uniforms.
The orders and medals of veterans who have gathered in the stands to watch the festive parade shine in the sun. And in the evening, when it gets dark, bright fireworks are lit in the sky.
Parade is a demonstration of the strength and power of our state, a manifestation of the patriotism of our military.
Like every state, Russia has an army, that is, armed forces.
The armed forces can be divided into three main groups - these are ground or ground forces that operate on land, the air force - they defend the Motherland in the air; and naval - keeping watch in the seas and oceans.
Let's talk about ground forces. These include motorized rifle troops armed with machine guns, machine guns and grenade launchers. They travel in combat vehicles.
Tank troops fight on tanks protected by thick armor. These are self-propelled vehicles on caterpillar tracks, which allows them to pass through any terrain: along ravines and off-road. The tanks are armed with cannons and machine guns. There are people inside the tank - the crew.
Ground forces include artillery and rocket troops. Artillery mounts fire projectiles from cannons, and missile mounts fire missiles. famous rocket launcher"Katyusha" smashed enemies during the Great Patriotic War. Artillerymen serve in the artillery.
Motorized riflemen, artillerymen and rocketmen serve in the Ground Forces.
To the military ground forces also include signalmen and sappers who can clear minefields, roads and bridges.
Each state also has border troops. They stand guard over the borders of the Motherland. Soldiers of the border troops are serving at border outposts. Their main task is not to let spies, terrorists, armed enemy groups, people transporting drugs through the border. Specially trained dogs help the border guards to carry out the difficult service.
The Airborne Forces (abbreviated as the Airborne Forces) are allocated to a special group. The military serving in these troops are physically strong and athletic. They undergo special multi-day training, mastering the rules of close combat, know fighting techniques, study different types confrontations.
Paratroopers are usually delivered by planes and helicopters to the places of hostilities. They descend to earth with the help of parachutes.
In addition to courage and bravery, "blue berets" - that's what the paratroopers are called (after all, they wear blue berets as part of their uniform) - endurance, absolute health, agility and strength are needed.
Our army also has aviation - combat aircraft and helicopters. They are ready to defend, if necessary, our Fatherland from the air. The aircraft is controlled by a crew of pilots - this is the first and second pilots, the navigator, who plots the course of the aircraft in the sky, the radio operator, who keeps in touch with the airfield, and the mechanic responsible for the aircraft's serviceability. The pilots wear beautiful blue uniforms to match the color of the sky. In addition, in flight they have special high-altitude helmets. These military personnel must have excellent health, self-control, the ability to instantly assess the situation and make a decision, courage and determination.
A young man who dreams of becoming a pilot passes a medical examination, then studies at flight school, after which he can continue his studies at the military academy. After all, a pilot needs to know and be able to do a lot!
Our seas are protected by warships and submarines. Together they make up the navy.
Large surface ships - battleships - are armed with guns, machine guns, cruise missiles. A cruiser is a smaller ship, and a destroyer is a guard ship.
The military who serve in the navy are called sailors.
There is always a captain on the ship. He is responsible for the entire ship. He is assisted by an assistant captain and a navigator who plots a course at sea. The boatswain keeps order on the ship. The radio operator maintains contact with the ground and other ships. A ship's cook is called a cook. Each sailor in the team has his own duties.
My dad is a captain
Daddy knows everything
Knows where the wind will be born
How the ocean rages
After all, my dad is a captain!
We'll get a map of the world
Let's study together.
Here is the high peak of the Pamirs,
Here the seas turn blue.
This is southern Anapa,
This is northern Yamal.
Dad will tell you everything
Dad has been everywhere.
I will grow up and become
I, like dad, captain!
Russia also has a submarine fleet - nuclear submarines. They hit enemy ships with special large projectiles - torpedoes. Submarines move under water, they go to the open sea for many months.
Many submarines help border guards if the border with other countries passes through the sea.
Soldiers of all branches of the military wear military uniform. It is casual and formal. The difference between the marine uniform is a white and blue striped vest, and on the head a peakless cap with ribbons. On the shoulders, the military wear shoulder straps, on which the number of stars indicates the rank of the military personnel.
The famous commander A.V. Suvorov said: "The soldier who does not dream of becoming a general is bad." But in order for a soldier to become a general, he must climb the ladder military ranks on many steps.
The highest naval rank is Fleet Admiral.
Let's remember the most prominent Russian military leaders. In the Navy, this is F.F. Ushakov, P.S. Nakhimov, N.G. Kuznetsov. In the ground forces - A.V. Suvorov, M.I. Kutuzov, G.K. Zhukov. The most fearless pilots are P.N. Nesterov, V.P. Chkalov, M.M. Raskov.
After listening to my story about military service, I think, dear guys, you understand that this service is "both dangerous and difficult." Military personnel often risk their lives and health, protecting peace and tranquility on earth. They are deep
they love their Motherland and their people, they have great knowledge, health, strength, readiness to fulfill any order.
If there are those among you who dream of serving in the army, they can be advised to enter a military school - Suvorov or Nakhimov.
Who is called a soldier?
What three main groups can be divided into the armed forces of the state?
Tell us about the land, air and sea branches of the military.
What is the service of the border guards? Paratroopers? Sappers?
What qualities should a soldier have?
Would you like to become a soldier?
city competition research work"I am a researcher"
Section: story
Job title:
« Military equipment of the USSR during the Second World War »
Konovalov Bulat Nazimovich
g.o. Tolyatti
MBU "School No. 66"
3rd grade
Supervisor:
Pavlova Svetlana Valerievna
teacher primary school
MBU "School No. 66"
Tolyatti
2016
Content
Conducting a survey.
Presentation of military equipment
Introduction
Main content.
Conclusion
List of used sources and literature
1. Introduction
For the study, we chose the topic "Military equipment of the USSR in the period
WWII", the material is of informational value for students who are interested in history and technology. In our work, information about the military equipment of the USSR during the Second World War is collected and described. The value of this work lies in the fact that in our time it is given Special attention patriotic education of children and adults.
My parents and I often visit the park complex of the history of technology named after. K.G. Sakharov. The idea of creating the Technical Museum of JSC AVTOVAZ belongs to the vice-president of AvtoVAZ - Konstantin Grigorievich Sakharov. The Technical Museum of JSC AVTOVAZ was opened on September 7, 2001. On an area of 38 hectares, there are more than 450 exhibits of equipment: aviation, space, engineering, railway, automobile, armored, etc.
Technical Museum. Sakharov is one of the attractions of our city, it is huge and interesting. It houses a unique collection of military equipment and more…
When relatives come to us, we visit it with them and I become a guide for them. Some exhibits are striking in their size ...
Problem: I visited the VAZ Technical Museum (named after Sakharov) and I had a question - “What do students know elementary school about military equipment during the Second World War?
Target: get acquainted with the history of creation and technical characteristics of military equipment of the period of the Second World War.
Object of study: military equipment of the WWII period.
Hypothesis: suppose that most of the classmates do not have enough knowledge about the military equipment of the Second World War.
Tasks:
1. Conduct a survey among students 3 "G" MBU "School No. 66" - "Do they know what equipment the Red Army used during the Second World War?".
2. Find out what types of military equipment the Red Army used during the Second World War.
3. To study the history of the creation of military equipment and its specifications.
Research methods:
1. Observation
2. The study of special literature.
3. Student survey
4. Collection, generalization and systematization of material on this topic.
Stages of work:
Preparatory stage.
Conducting a survey of students of the 3rd "G" class.
Presentation of military equipment at an extracurricular lesson.
Summarizing.
2. Main content.
On the preparatory stage project, we defined the goal, chose the subject of research, set tasks, developed an action plan and thought over the forms for presenting the results. I figured out how to conduct a survey correctly, I found out who an optant (the person with whom the survey is being conducted) is. Questions for oral survey were developed.
2.1. Conducting a survey.
We spentsurvey of students of the 3rd grade and got the following results:
visited the VAZ Technical Museum - 14 students;
know what technique was used during the Second World War and can name it - 4 students;
know the history of creation and technical characteristics - 0 students.
On the histogram, we see that in reality the guys have little idea about the technique of the Second World War.
2.2 Presentation of military equipment
Since we don’t have a history lesson yet, I decided to present a generalized material at the circle “I am a citizen of Russia”.
At the beginning of the 1930s, trends and prospects for the development of more advanced types of weapons, new types of artillery pieces, tanks, aviation, transport, etc., were clearly manifested.
Military scientific thought took into account these trends, the role and place of new types of military equipment and weapons in a future war, as well as the state and direction of development of armaments of armies, potential opponents of the Red Army.
During the Second World War, the Red Army used the followingtypes of equipment :
artillery equipment
aviation technology
armored
Artillery equipment .
BM-13 (Katyusha)
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the artillery installation. One of them: the installation was named after a partisan girl who destroyed many Nazis.
BM-31-12 ("Vanyusha")
In June 1944, a new BM-31-12 launcher for the M-13 entered service on the Studebaker or ZIS-6 chassis.
Launcher It has lifting and turning mechanisms, with the help of which sufficient accuracy and speed of guidance are ensured.
Modification of the guards jet mortars of the "Katyusha" type. For firing, M-31 shells were used, which were more powerful than the M-13 shell. By analogy with "Katyusha" he received the nickname "Vanyusha".
Aviation technology
Sturmovik IL-2
The first production Il-2s were manufactured in February 1941 in Voronezh at plant number 18.
Start of operation 1941.
End of operation 1954 (Yugoslavia and Bulgaria).
36,183 units produced.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
Heavy Soviet bomber TB-3.
Tupolev begins work on the project in 1926. The TB-1 was taken as the basis. An experimental model with a ski chassis was tested on December 22, 1930 by Mikhail Gromov. On February 20, 1931, the USSR Air Force launched an aircraft with M-17 engines into serial production. A total of 818 copies were built.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
Armored vehicles .
Tank KV-1 (Klim Voroshilov)
On December 31, 1940, the first KV was assembled at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (classification - heavy tank).
Serial production began in February 1940 at the Kirov plant.
The name of the tank was given in honor of the Soviet commander Klimenty Efremovich Voroshilov.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
The feat of the tanker Kalabanov .
In 30 minutes of battle, Kolobanov's crew knocked out all 22 tanks in the column. Of the double ammunition load, 98 armor-piercing rounds were used up. After the battle on Zinovy Kolobanov's KV-1, more than a hundred hits were counted.
Immediately after this tank battle, which ended in complete victory Soviet weapons, in the newspaper "Red Star" there was a note about the feat of the tankman Kolobanov.
And in the archives of the Ministry of Defense, a unique document has been preserved - the award list of Zinovy Kolobanov.
The award sheet is presented on the slide.
Tank T-34
Soviet medium tank of the period of the Great Patriotic War, developed by the design bureau of the tank department of the Kharkov plant No. 183 under the leadership of Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
The first T-34s began to enter the troops in the late autumn of 1940.
By June 22, 1941, 1066 T-34 tanks were produced.
From the autumn of 1941, the T-34s began to pose a serious problem for the German troops.
After the battle for Moscow, the T-34 became the main tank of the Red Army, since 1942 more of them have been produced than all other tanks combined.
1943 was the year of the most mass production and use of T-34 tanks.
The largest battle of this period was the Battle of Kursk, which was based on the T-34.
The most successful T-34 tanker was Bochkovsky Vladimir Alexandrovich, on his account 36 destroyed German tanks.
Below are the surviving examples.
Some of the surviving cars are memorials to war heroes, others are exhibits of historical exhibitions.
For example, the last T-34, produced by Uralvagonzavod, at the request of the workers in 1945, was installed in front of the factory entrance. After 36 years - in 1981 - he moved to a new pedestal on his own and since then has been participating in parades on Victory Day every year.
In the city of Salavat, near the Eternal Flame memorial, there is a rare copy of the T-34 tank of the 1941 model with the F-34 gun. This tank was destroyed in a fierce battle in the swamps. Kaluga region in 1942, but was restored from separate parts.
Hundreds of these tanks, raised on a pedestal, stand throughout the country and half of Europe as a monument to the Liberation. The T-34 was the best tank of the Second World War, a masterpiece of world tank building, which determined the general path of its development for many decades to come.
3. Conclusion
Work on the project aroused great interest not only from my side, but also from classmates, peers and even parents.
During a theoretical study, I replenished my knowledge, this question fascinated me so much that I plan to this work proceed. Firstly, because not all students were in the VAZ technical museum, we plan to conduct an excursion on May 9 with the whole class. During the tour, we will make a photo report, find exhibits that we have not talked about, but want to know.
We found:
military equipment of the Second World War is a worthy topic for studying the valiant history of our country;
military equipment of the Second World War of the USSR was a high-class means of fighting against the fascist invaders.
Learned:
conduct a survey;
collect, summarize and systematize material;
make a presentation;
show the result.
4. List of used sources and literature
Military encyclopedia. M., 1997
Children's encyclopedia of military affairs. Great Patriotic War. Ed. AST, 2014.
Internet sources:
en. wikipedia. Org
