Africa climate zones. Climatic zones of Africa The position of Africa in climatic zones

13.03.202027.05.2017

Africa almost in the middle is crossed by the equator, therefore, in its northern and southern parts climatic zones, with the exception of the equatorial one, are repeated (Fig. 61). Two stand out subequatorial, two tropical and two subtropical belts.

equatorial belt covers a narrow coastal strip along the Gulf of Guinea and the Congo depression. Warm and humid equatorial air masses predominate in this belt throughout the year, so there is one type of climate here - equatorial. The temperature here is high throughout the year and reaches +26 ... 28 °С. The total annual precipitation is over 2000 mm, and they are distributed evenly throughout the year.

Subequatorial climatic zones with their characteristic subequatorial type climate located on both sides of the equatorial belt, approximately up to a latitude of 15-20 °. Here, during the year, there is also a high temperature (+25 ... 28 ° C), but the alternation of summer wet and winter dry periods is clearly visible. This is due to the change in the types of air masses depending on the seasons. In summer, equatorial humid air mass dominates here, in winter - dry tropical.

Climate on both sides of the equator. There are two rainy periods in the annual cycle of the subequatorial belts. The locals call them "long rains" and " short rains". They are separated by two winter dry periods. To the north and south of the equator, dry periods lengthen, precipitation decreases and becomes less and less regular. The annual rainfall shown on the map is in fact little true, as a place that is reported to receive 380 mm of annual rainfall can reach this figure in a few years.

tropical belts occupy the largest area on the mainland. During the year, a continental tropical air mass dominates here. Under its influence in the Sahara, as well as in South Africa, an area is formed tropical continental (desert) type of climate.

The Sahara is located in the zone of descending air movements and dry trade winds of the Northern Hemisphere. This is mainly due to a small amount of precipitation and low relative humidity. The sky here is mostly cloudless, but its color is almost never transparent blue, because the smallest dust hangs in the air. Precipitation is extremely irregular. It happens that for several years not a single drop of rain reaches the surface of the earth. High daytime and low night air temperatures, as well as its significant dryness, as well as dust storms, adversely affect a person's stay in the desert.

In the Sahara, the wind wakes up and goes to bed with the sun. Winds play a significant role in desert life. Here, on average, out of 100 days, only six are calm. Hot winds in the north of the Sahara have a bad reputation. They blow from the center of the desert and can destroy crops within hours. Strong winds (simums) cause dust and sand storms. Wind speed during a storm reaches 50 m/s. A mass of sand and small pebbles rises into the air. Storms begin and fade suddenly, leaving behind clouds of dry, slowly settling dust "fog".

A region is being formed in southeastern Africa tropical humid climate with a lot of rainfall throughout the year. material from the site

The extreme north and south of Africa are located in subtropical climatic zones. The average annual temperature here is around 20°C, but it fluctuates markedly from season to season. Depending on the amount of precipitation in the subtropical zones, two climatic regions are distinguished. In the north and southwest of Africa, the area predominates mediterranean climate type(typical for the coast mediterranean sea, hence the name). Precipitation in this area falls mainly in winter, summer, on the contrary, is dry. (Remember how this is explained.) In the southeast of the mainland, the region dominates subtropical humid climate with uniform moisture. Under the influence of the trade winds, precipitation is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.

Africa is located in the equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical climatic zones.
In the equatorial and subequatorial climatic zones, one type of climate prevails.
In the tropical climatic zone, tropical continental and tropical humid are distinguished, and in sub tropical zone- Mediterranean and subtropical humid climate types.

On this page, material on the topics:

In what zone is the Tropical dry winter
location of africa climate zones
Table of climate zones of Africa n.p.s.p.

The article contains information about the climatic zones of the continent. Forms an idea of the features of the geographical location.

Climate zones of Africa

The characteristic features of the continental climate are determined by the orientation of most of it in the latitudes of the equator and the tropics.

At elevated temperatures of air masses, the climatic difference of individual regions depends on the amount of precipitation and the duration of the rainy season.

Rice. 1. Zonality of climatic zones of the mainland.

Large areas of the continent regularly need moisture. The mainland is characterized by the transfer of air from the tropics by the trade winds. The height of the banks prevents the entry of wet winds.

Western territories located in the latitudes of the tropics are dominated by cool currents.

Table "Climatic zones of Africa"

*natural area*	*Climate*	*The soil*	*Flora*	*Fauna*
Hardwood evergreen forests and shrubs	Mediterranean	Brown	Holm oak, jujube, wild olive	Leopards, zebras, antelopes
Semi-deserts and deserts	Tropical	Desert, sandy, rocky	Acacias, saltworts, spurges, thickets of thorny bushes	Scorpions, beetles, turtles, locusts, snake hedgehogs, jerboas
	subequatorial	Red, iron-containing	Baobabs, cereals, palm trees	Giraffes, buffaloes, lions, gazelles, elephants, antelopes, rhinos, zebras
Variable-moist, moist forests	equatorial, subequatorial	Red-yellow, iron-containing	Ficuses, ceiba, bananas, coffee	Gorillas, chimpanzees, termites, parrots, okapis, leopards

Rice. 3. Mainland fauna.

To get an idea of the climatic zones in which Africa is located, it is necessary to understand that the mainland is cut by the contour of the equator. The zonation of climatic zones starts here from the equatorial one.

At zero latitude lies the wettest continental natural region. The area accounts for the maximum amount of precipitation. Over two thousand mm. in year. Then follows the subequatorial belt. Here, the level of precipitation is significantly reduced. During the calendar year, about one and a half thousand mm of precious moisture falls.

The tropical belt, among others, is a significant area of the continent.

Regarding orientation to the hemisphere, the level of precipitation can vary: from three hundred to fifty mm. per year.

The subtropical climatic zone captures only the edge of the coast in the northern part of the mainland and the "corner" that belongs to the southern part of South Africa.

Here all year round windy and humid. In winter, the temperature can drop by about 7°. Total number precipitation does not exceed 500 mm. in year.

What have we learned?

We found out in which climatic zones the continent lies. Determine what factors affect the climate of Africa. We learned in which climatic zone of Africa the greatest and least amount of precipitation falls.

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Education

Each continent has its own temperature, change of seasons, abundance or lack of moisture, variety of vegetation, or vice versa - its complete absence. All this is formed under the influence of climatic zones, which create this or that climate.

In what climatic zones is Africa located, its climate, precipitation

The African continent is the only continent in the world that lies on the sides of the equator. By the way, it has seven climatic zones, since the same zone, depending on which hemisphere it is located in, has its own climatic features.

Thus, the equatorial climatic zone forms winds that carry heat and moisture all year round. The temperature here is +25°-28°C, the rain falls evenly throughout the year and there is no division into seasons.

The subequatorial belt occupies the north and south of the land. Depending on the dry or rainy season of the year, clearly formed, the types of air masses change. In the summer season, equatorial winds carry heat and moisture, and in winter, tropical winds are drier and hotter.

The temperature stays within +24-28°C all year round, there is little rain, they fall during the summer season. By the way, no matter what climatic zones Africa is located in, everywhere on this continent there is a lack of moisture.

African tropics

The tropics cover the largest part of the country. Tropical winds dominate the whole year and form a climate with deserts and savannahs. The temperature in July is 32°С, in January +18°С. Precipitation is rare, no more than 100 mm per year. It is precisely in which climatic zones that Africa is located that led to the absence of severe colds on the continent, and even more so frost.

The subtropical belt consists of two regions: the extreme northern and southern territories of the African continent. The temperature here is +24°С in summer, +10°С in winter. In the northern and southwestern regions of Africa, the subtropical-Mediterranean type of climate.

From the above, we can conclude in which climatic zones Africa is located. The map also demonstrates that it can safely be considered the hottest continent on our planet.

distant australia

Australia is the smallest and driest continent on earth. It has three climatic zones: subequatorial, tropical and subtropical.

Subequatorial occupies the northern part of the mainland. In summer, equatorial wind blows here, in winter - tropical. The air temperature is +25°C all year round.

Uneven rainfall affects the clear separation of the seasons. Summers are warm, with frequent thunderstorms and showers up to 2000 mm per year, while winters are hot and dry.

The tropical belt has two types of climate. Depending on the location of the territory and the amount of precipitation falling on it, a continental (desert) and tropical climate is distinguished.

An area with a particularly dry climate is located far from the ocean. There are desert areas here. The air temperature in the summer season here is +30 °С, in winter +16 °С. The west of the tropical zone was formed under the influence of the West Australian Current. Deserts stretch to the shores of the Indian Ocean.

The eastern part receives a sufficient amount of moisture in the form of rain. Warm air coming from Pacific Ocean, has formed here a favorable climate in which a tropical forest grows.

The subtropical belt covers the southern territory of Australia and is divided into three zones. The southwest is characterized by dry and hot summers and warm and rainy winters. The air temperature in January rises to +23°C, in June - up to +12°C.

The central part is completely desert. There is a continental climate with its characteristic strong temperature fluctuations all year round - hot summers and not very hot ones. warm winter, with little rain.

The southeast is a humid climate, the rains here fall equally throughout the year, in summer the air warms up to + 24 ° C, in winter - up to + 9 ° C.

If we compare the climatic zones in which Africa and Australia are located, we can see a great similarity in the weather conditions of both continents.

Land of ice and snow

Antarctica is a continent of cold and ice. It is located in two climatic zones: Antarctic and subantarctic.

The Antarctic belt makes up almost the entire territory of the mainland, which is covered by a layer of ice up to 4.5 km thick. And this is of great importance in shaping the climate of Antarctica, since ice reflects up to 90% of sunlight, which makes it difficult to warm the surface of the mainland.

Arctic winter and summer

In summer, on a polar day, the temperature in the Arctic is -32°C. In winter, during the polar night, it drops below -64 °C. Maximum low temperature was -89°C, it was recorded at Vostok station. Strong winds, reach up to 80-90 m/s.

The subantarctic belt is located in the northern part of Antarctica. Here the climate is milder, and the layer of ice is not so thick and in some places exposes the rocks, with mosses and lichens growing on them. Precipitation in the form of snow falls in small quantities. The temperature in summer is slightly above 0°C.

If we compare the climatic zones in which Africa and Antarctica are located, we can once again see how dramatically the weather conditions on our planet can differ.

Source: fb.ru

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equatorial belt covers the coast of the Gulf of Guinea (up to 7-8 ° N) and a significant part of the Congo basin (between 5 ° N

sh. and 5°S sh.), not reaching the Indian Ocean due to the significant height of East Africa. The boundaries of the belt are determined by the winter position of the tropical front of each hemisphere. Equatorial air dominates here throughout the year. Average monthly temperatures are high (25-28°C), their course is uniform. Annual amplitudes are less than daily ones. Rising currents of air, calm and weak winds prevail. Humidity is high, cloudiness is significant. There is a lot of precipitation (up to 2000 mm per year or more), they are evenly distributed over the months. However, there are two particularly rainy periods, spring and autumn, separated by less rainy ones. The precipitation maxima are associated with strong evaporation at the zenithal position of the Sun. Precipitation is mainly convective, in mountainous areas and orographic.

Subequatorial belts(northern and southern) encircle the equatorial climatic zone, joining in the east of the mainland, and extend from 17 ° N. sh. up to 20°S sh. They cover Sudan, East Africa and part of South Africa up to the Zambezi, occupying about 1/3 of the mainland. The southern subequatorial belt does not reach the Atlantic Ocean. The boundaries of the belts are determined by the winter and summer position of the tropical front in each hemisphere. Characteristic change of air masses by seasons. In summer, equatorial air, carried by monsoons, dominates - the summer is humid; in winter, dry tropical air, carried by the trade winds, prevails - the winter is dry, with very low relative humidity. Consequently, during the year, wet summer and dry winter seasons alternate. The annual temperature amplitudes increase in comparison with the equatorial belt. The hottest time is at the beginning of the rainy season. However, even in the coolest months, the temperature does not drop below +20°C. Annual precipitation in the plains ranges from 1500 to 250 mm on the border with tropical deserts, and much more on the windward slopes of the mountains; almost all of them fall in the summer. The duration of the wet period is reduced in the direction of the tropics from 10 to 2-3 months, respectively, the annual precipitation and moisture decrease. The most arid regions are the Somali peninsula, which is barred from the equatorial monsoon by the Ethiopian highlands, and the northern part of Sudan, on the border with the tropical belt. The mountains of East Africa (the Ethiopian highlands, Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Rwenzori, etc.) have a clearly defined altitudinal climatic zone (up to the nival zone). In addition, the Ethiopian highlands are distinguished by a sharp expositional difference in the climate of the western and eastern slopes.

tropical belts(northern and southern) extend up to 30 ° N. sh. and yu. sh., cover almost the entire Sahara and the Kalahari basin with its marginal uplifts. Located between the winter position of the polar and summer positions of the tropical fronts in each hemisphere. They occupy the largest territory compared to other climatic zones. Africa is a continent of classical tropical climate development. The northern tropical zone is especially well developed.

In the territories belonging to the tropical zones, continental tropical air is kept all year round and the trade winds dominate. The weather is mostly clear, the air is dry. Winter is warm but noticeable colder than summer. The average temperatures of warm month+3 0- +35°, the coldest is not lower than +10°С. Temperature amplitudes are very large (annual about 20°, daily - up to 40-50°C). There is little precipitation (no more than 50-150 mm per year); they fall irregularly, sporadically, in the form of short showers. Evaporation is about 20-25 times higher than actual evaporation. Such features are characteristic of a dry, desert tropical climate (the world's largest desert, the Sahara, the southwestern Kalahari and the Namib Desert).

In the west of the mainland (the Atlantic Sahara and the Namib Desert), the deserts are not so hot, with more humid sea air, fogs and dews. Cold currents pass here and the influence of the eastern periphery of the Atlantic anticyclones affects. Relative Humidity the air is high, but there is very little precipitation. Rains in Namibia fall even less often than in the Sahara, but there are more frequent dews and fogs. Temperatures are low for these latitudes (average monthly, as a rule, below + 21 °C) and daily amplitudes are much less than in continental deserts. The climate is also extremely arid near the coast of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden; it is one of the hottest and driest places in the world.

In the southern tropical zone, in addition to the tropical desert climate, there is a tropical arid and tropical humid (marine) climate. The first is characteristic of the Kalahari Basin, where much more precipitation falls than in deserts; the second is for the east coast of South Africa, where the Drakensberg Mountains stand in the way of the wet trade winds.

subtropical belts(northern and southern) cover the extreme north and south of Africa. Tropical air dominates here in summer, temperate in winter. Characterized by wet and dry periods. The seasonal course of temperature, precipitation and winds is clearly expressed. The amount of precipitation ranges from 300-500 mm on the plains to 1500 mm or more on the windward slopes of the mountains. The Atlas Mountains, the Libyan-Egyptian coast and the extreme southwest of the mainland have a subtropical Mediterranean climate. Dry weather prevails in summer, cyclonic activity develops on the polar front in winter, and winters are wet. The northwest and north of Africa are characterized by greater seasonal temperature differences than the southwest. On the Mediterranean coast, the average temperatures in July reach + 27 - + 28 ° C, in January + 11 - + 12 ° C. On the Cape coast, the average temperature of the warmest month does not exceed + 21 ° C, the coldest + 1 3 - + 14 ° C. In the extreme southeast of Africa, the climate is subtropical monsoon. with roast rainy summer and relatively cold and dry winters. In winter, they almost do not penetrate the southeast coast westerly winds mountains prevent it. In winter, there is relatively little precipitation. In summer, winds from the Indian Ocean blow on the entire southeast coast, leaving a large amount of moisture on the eastern slopes of the Drakensberg Mountains.

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Africa is the hottest continent on Earth, to which it owes its geographical location. The continent is located in four climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical. Africa is located between 37° north and 34° south latitude - that is, in the equatorial and tropical latitudes.

equatorial belt Africa is located on the shores of the Gulf of Guinea and stretches inland to Lake Victoria. The equatorial air mass dominates here all year round, so there are no seasons, it is constantly hot here, and it rains very often. Due to abundant moisture (2-3 mm per year) and a very warm climate (above + 20 ° - + 30 ° C throughout the year), a natural zone of humid equatorial forests has formed here. The forests of Africa contain an unimaginable number of animal and plant species, many of which are still unknown to science. The inner regions of the equatorial belt are still uninhabited.

subequatorial belt Surrounds the equatorial from the north, east and south. In contrast, there are no year-round rains here, but a pronounced rainy and dry season appears. In summer, the equatorial air mass dominates the belt, bringing the rainy season. The amount of rainfall and the length of this season decrease as you move away from the equator. In areas of the mainland where the season lasts for most of the year, variable wet forests, where the rainy season lasts less than six months, precipitation is no longer enough for the development of woody vegetation - light forests and savannas appear there. It is worth noting that summer in Africa falls on June-August in the northern hemisphere and December-February in the southern, therefore, when the rainy season is in one part of the subequatorial belt, tropical air mass dominates in the opposite - that is, the dry season begins.

tropical belt Africa is clearly divided into North and South. Here the weather is clear all year round, and there is practically no rain.

The amount of precipitation decreases as you move deeper into the mainland. Since a very large area of Africa is located precisely in the northern tropical latitudes, optimal conditions are formed here for the formation of deserts - dry air, high blood pressure due to tropical air mass and distance from the ocean. That is why Africa is considered the mainland of the classical development of deserts. In addition to the aridity of the African tropics, huge temperature differences should be noted here. In summer, when the Sun rises high, it literally heats the sand of the desert, and the air temperature rises above 30 and even 40 degrees. The highest air temperature in Africa and around the world was recorded in the Libyan Desert and amounted to +58°C. At the same time, after sunset, the temperature drops sharply by several tens of degrees, and on winter nights it drops even to negative values.

subtropical belt stretched out in a narrow strip along the northern coast of Africa, and also in the very south of the mainland. It is also divided into north and south. In the subtropics, two air masses are replaced during the year: tropical air comes in summer, because summer in the subtropics is hot and dry, and moderate air comes in winter, bringing precipitation. A natural zone of hard-leaved and evergreen forests has formed here. However, in its original form, it has practically not been preserved anywhere, since the territory of the subtropics is being actively transformed under economic activity person.

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In what climate zones is Africa located and got the best answer

Answer from Elizabet[guru]
Climate zones of Africa

Belt equatorial climate almost entirely surrounded by a belt of subequatorial climate (equatorial monsoon climate), covering Sudan, East Africa and northern South Africa to the Zambezi River. The Abyssinian highlands and the high peaks of East Africa, located in the belt of this climate, are characterized by a clearly pronounced vertical climatic zonality (up to winter-nival in the Abyssinian Highlands and constantly nival in Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Rwenzori, etc.). The Abyssinian highlands are distinguished, in addition, by a sharp expositional difference in the climate of the western and eastern slopes.

The northern and southern boundaries of the subequatorial climate are determined by the summer (for each subcontinent) position of the tropical front. During the year, summer wet and winter dry seasons alternate here, and temperatures fluctuate noticeably due to the change of humid and hot equatorial air (in summer) and dry and very hot continental tropical air (in winter). This type of climate covers about 1/3 (almost 10 million km2) of Africa. The alternation of summer rains and winter drought is even more pronounced on the African continent than in India, therefore Africa can be called the country of classical equatorial monsoons with more reason than India.

Tropical (trade wind) climate belts are located in both parts of the continent to the south and north of the equator, between the winter position of the polar front and the summer position of the tropical front. Deserts occupy a total of almost half the area of the mainland, and for this reason Africa is rightly called the classic area of desert development. This climate is characterized by the constant dominance of continental tropical air, great dryness of the air and high, especially summer, temperatures.

The largest area of the desert is occupied in the northern part of the mainland, where the world's largest desert, the Sahara, lies.

In the southern part of Africa, desert landscapes are limited by the southwestern region of the Kalahari and a narrow strip of coast, where, by analogy with the Atlantic region of the Sahara, the climate of a trade-wind oceanic desert is distinguished with a predominance of marine tropical air (in descending currents of the eastern periphery of the oceanic pressure maximum).

In the rest of the tropical belt of South Africa, in the continental sector (between Zambezi and Orange), the climate is arid to semi-arid, with thermal convection summer precipitation. Along the east coast, in the tropical zone, the climate is maritime, trade winds, with a summer maximum of precipitation.

The extreme north and south of the mainland lie in subtropical climate zones with seasonal changes in air masses (sea tropical air in summer, sea air of temperate latitudes in winter) The Atlas Mountains, the coast of Libya and the United Arab Republic and the southwestern outskirts of South Africa have a Mediterranean variety of this climate winter cyclonic precipitation, on the southeastern outskirts of South Africa - monsoonal subtropics with a summer maximum of precipitation.

Answer from Luda[active]
equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical

Answer from human[newbie]
(equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical)

Answer from Anya[active]
robe belt!

In what zone is the Tropical dry winter

location of africa climate zones

Table of climate zones of Africa n.p.s.p.