OGE biology tests in a new form.

Past Simple - simple past tense
past simple(simple past) is one of the most common tenses in English. Via past simple we can convey events that took place in the past, and in some cases, events in the present. Therefore, at any level of ownership English language you will learn something new about past simple.
How is the Past Simple formed?
Statement
In order to form past simple, we add the ending to the verb - ed if the verb is correct ( work - worked, learn - learned, ask - asked). If the verb is irregular, then we are looking for a form for past simple in the second column of the table of irregular verbs. Most likely, at first it will be difficult for you to immediately determine which verb is in front of you. You will find the irregular verb in the table. If it's not there, it's correct. Negation
In a negative sentence past simple auxiliary verb appears did(second form of irregular verb do) and particle not. AT English sentence only one verb can be in the past tense, so as soon as it appears did, the main verb takes the form of an infinitive without a particle to (go, look, feel). In colloquial speech did and not combined to form an abbreviated form didn't:

• He didn't tell.
• We didn't discuss.

Question
To ask a question in past simple, we put in the first place did, followed by the subject, then the main verb. Verbto beinpast simple
As you already know, to be- this is an irregular verb, so the form of the past tense must be remembered. But in the past tense, he has not one form, like all other verbs, but two: was(for singular nouns and pronouns) and were(for plural nouns and pronouns). In denial was (were) combines with not and forms an abbreviated form:

• I wasn't at work.
• They weren't happy.

Using the Past Simple
Let us immediately pay attention to the fact that the main functions past simple and present simple match. We only need to transfer the action from the present to the past.

1. past simple shows a fact in the past or a single action that ended in the past.

Here are often used words indicating the time of action: yesterday(yesterday), two weeks ago(two weeks ago), the other day(one of these days), a long time ago(for a long time), last month(last month), in 2010 (in 2010), on Monday(on Monday), during my holidays(during holidays), etc. These words must necessarily indicate a completed period of time.
I saw him yesterday. - I saw his yesterday. (single action in the past, already ended yesterday)
The Titanic sank in 1912. - Titanic sunk in 1912. (fact)
He went to Italy last month. - He traveled to Italy last month. (single action in the past)
Words indicating the duration of an action may not be used in this function.
She spoke to him in a low voice. - She is quiet spoke with him. (single action in the past)
Aivazovsky painted"the Ninth Wave". - Aivazovsky wrote painting "The Ninth Wave". (fact)

1. Also past simple used to describe a state in the past.

They were friends years ago. - They are were friends many years ago. (now they are not friends)
Museum had a great collection of paintings. - In that museum was huge collection of paintings. (now the museum does not have a huge collection)

1. We use past simple to talk about old habits and repetitive activities. These actions have repeatedly occurred in the past, but are no longer being committed. Such sentences may contain adverbs often(often), sometimes(sometimes), always(always), etc.

We took evening courses two years ago. - We went for evening classes 2 years ago. (we don't go to evening courses now)
He always bought newspapers on Sunday. - He always bought newspapers on Sundays. (he doesn't do it now)

1. • We can also use the used to construct when talking about old habits.
2. We use past simple when telling a story or listing several events that happened one after the other in the past.

She Came in, sat at the table, and started writing. - She is entered, villages to the table and start write.
He entered the café, he ordered a cup of tea and a piece of cake. - He has entered in the cafe, ordered a cup of tea and a piece of cake.
Where else is the Past Simple found?

1. We use past simple to tell the details of some news or some event that happened in our lives. We report the news itself in time Present Perfect. We can use other past tenses to give details, but past simple used in these cases more often than others.

I've hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder when I was repairing the roof. My phone rank unexpectedly. - I hurt my leg. I fell down the stairs while fixing the roof, because all of a sudden rang telephone.
I've got this job. It was a hard and exhausting interview, but it turned out that I was a perfect applicant. - I got this job. This is It was hard, exhausting interview, but it turned out that I'm the perfect candidate.

1. past simple used in subordinate tenses after conjunctions after(after), before(until), when(when), until(not yet) as soon as(once). In such a proposal past simple shows completed action in the past.

as soon as she graduated from the university, she found a suitable job. - howonly she is graduated university, she found a suitable job.
He was astonished when I told him the news. - He was amazed when I informed him this news.

FIPI Unified State Examination, OGE 2019 free download (links)

02.02.2019

Definitions:
Unified State Exam (USE)- a centrally conducted exam in Russia in secondary educational institutions - schools, lyceums and gymnasiums, the form of conducting the GIA according to educational programs middle general education. It serves as both a final exam from school and an entrance exam to universities. When conducting an exam throughout Russia, the same type of tasks and uniform methods for assessing the quality of work performance are used. After passing the exam, all participants are issued certificates of USE results(in everyday life they are often called certificates), which indicate the points received in subjects. Since 2009, the USE has been the only form of school leaving exams and the main form entrance exams to universities, while there is the possibility of re-passing the exam in subsequent years. .

Main State Exam (OGE)- This is a mandatory exam at the end of grade 9 high school in Russia, an analogue of the USE for 11th grade. It serves to control the knowledge gained by students over 9 years, as well as for admission to institutions of secondary vocational education (colleges and technical schools). It is one of the three forms of GIA.

GIA - State final certification is a form of state control (assessment) of mastering by graduates of grades 9 (10) and 11 (12) of the main general education programs of basic general and secondary general education in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard secondary general education.
The state final certification of graduates of 9 (10) classes is carried out in the form of a unified state exam, as well as in the form of a state final exam.
The state final certification of graduates of grades 9 (10) is carried out in the form of the main state exam (OGE) using control measuring materials, which are sets of tasks in a standardized form; for certain categories persons - in the form of written and oral exams using texts, topics, assignments, tickets (state final exam), the implementation of which allows you to set the level of development of the federal state standard of basic general education.

Download:

USE

Documents are presented that determine the structure and content of the control measuring materials of the unified state exam:
- codifiers of content elements and requirements for the level of training of graduates of educational institutions for the unified state exam;
- specifications of control measuring materials for the unified state examination;
- demo options control measuring materials of the unified state exam.

Download USE 2019(Demos, specs, codifiers):
PHYSICS (2.2 Mb)
CHEMISTRY (2 Mb)
ENGLISH (29.4 Mb)
GERMAN (27.7 Mb)
SPANISH (33.1 Mb)
FRENCH (30.1 Mb)
CHINESE (4.2 Mb)
Information about changes in KIM USE 2019 (271.1 Kb)
BIOLOGY (2.9 Mb)
GEOGRAPHY (5.8 Mb)
INFORMATICS and ICT (1.7 Mb)
HISTORY (4.8 Mb)
LITERATURE (1.6 Mb)
MATHEMATICS (3.4 Mb)
SOCIAL STUDIES (2.3 Mb)
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (1.9 Mb)

Download USE 2018(Demos, specs, codifiers):

Image

If you cannot unzip the files, you can download a free zip extractor, for example, .

OGE
Documents are presented that determine the content of the control measuring materials of the main state exam (OGE):
- codifiers of content elements and requirements for the level of training of students who have mastered the basic general education programs of basic general education;
- specifications of control measuring materials for conducting the main state exam in general education subjects for students who have mastered the basic general education programs of basic general education;
- demonstration versions of control measuring materials for conducting the main state exam in general education subjects for students who have mastered the basic general education programs of basic general education.

Download OGE 2019(Demos, specs, codifiers)

And the first serious examination test for schoolchildren, who until that moment had never taken subjects to outside teachers. Besides, OGE results- these are not just points that affect the certificate, but also the prospect of continuing education in a specialized class, a prestigious specialized college or lyceum.

The period of passing the OGE is exciting not only for ninth graders and their relatives, but also for teachers. Based on the results of the all-Russian certification, conclusions will be drawn about the professional suitability of the teaching staff, the adequacy of programs in all subjects and the level of school performance. Among the selective disciplines for passing the OGE, one should separately note the examination in biology.

This subject is chosen by a large number of schoolchildren, because biology is a discipline necessary for future doctors, psychologists or biologists. Of course, this exam cannot be called simple - ordinary cramming will not bring high scores to a ninth grader. However, there is still enough time ahead to work through the material from previous years, understand the structure of the subject and get acquainted with all the features of the tickets of the 2018 model!

Demo version of OGE-2018

OGE dates in biology

Rosobrnadzor has already announced the schedule for the delivery of subjects included in the list of the OGE in 2018. Ninth grade students will take Biology on the following dates:

• April 23 is scheduled for early delivery of this subject. The fallback date in the provisional period was May 3, 2018;
• the main date allocated for the OGE in biology is May 31. The reserve day for the main OGE was appointed June 18, 2018;
• September 10 became an additional day for biology, and September 18, 2018 was recorded as a reserve.

The profile commission notified schoolchildren that there would be no changes in biology tickets compared to last year. The structure of KIM is already quite well thought out - it will check how successfully high school students have mastered the knowledge presented in the basic biology course.

Biology tickets will cover all topics of the school course, starting from grade 5

• Block 1 - biology as a science. Contains tasks on the role of this science in the knowledge of natural science processes, on the use of biology in practical human activities, as well as on the methods by which living objects can be studied;
• Block 2 - signs of living organisms. This part of the ticket is devoted to: the structure, functions and diversity of cells, tissues, organs and their systems; features that characterize living organisms; laws dictating heredity and variability; the ways in which living organisms propagate, grow and breed;
• Block 3 - diversity and evolution of wildlife. This block will check whether you know enough about the kingdoms of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, evaluate your skills in classifying representatives of the plant and animal world, and also raise questions of evolution and biological diversity;
• Block 4 - a person and his health. This part is devoted to the origin of man, his biosocial nature, features of nervous activity and behavior, the structure of human organs and their systems, the work of the immune system and sensory organs, as well as the rules of sanitation, hygiene and healthy lifestyle life;
• Block 5 - the relationship between organisms and the environment. This block will test how well the students are aware of environmental issues, ecosystems of artificial and natural origin, interactions different types and the formation of food ties.

Structurally, the ticket is represented by 32 tasks, divided into two parts:

• the first part - 28 tasks for which you need to give a short answer. It can be one number, several correct answers selected from a set, a word inserted in a gap, or correct placement sequences of classification objects. Correctly solved tasks from the first part can provide the student with 35 primary points, that is, 76% of all points included in the ticket;
• the second part - 4 tasks that you need to think about in order to give a detailed and reasoned answer. Here, students will face the analysis of statistical information and the solution of practical problems. For the second part, you can earn 11 primary points, which corresponds to 24% of all points for KIM.

The initial points that can be earned for the correct solution of all tasks are calculated by the number 46.

Regulations and rules of conduct at the examination

Ninth-graders can work with issued CIMs for 180 minutes. It will be possible to bring your own ruler to the examination room and use the simplest calculator - all other items and materials are included in the category of things prohibited at the OGE.

To solve 32 tasks in 180 minutes, you will have to prepare well!

And don't forget about disciplinary aspects and rules of conduct! According to the official notice of Rosobrnadzor, during the OGE, conversations, turns and movement around the audience without the permission of observers are strictly prohibited. These actions, as well as an attempt to use cheat sheets, will lead to only one result - the cancellation of the student's work and his removal from the class.

Converting Exam Scores to Grades

The conversion of primary points into grades occurs according to the following principle:

• from 0 to 12 points - unsatisfactory level of knowledge and mark "two";
• from 13 to 25 points - mark "three";
• from 26 to 36 points - an assessment at the level of "four";
• from 37 to 46 points - excellent knowledge and mark "five".

Based on the results of the examination, the school management and the teaching staff of specialized colleges can decide whether to enroll a student in a specialized class or educational institution. Minimum score, which such a student should score - 33.

How to prepare for the OGE in biology in 2018?

Quite often, when preparing for the OGE, parents decide that the best way out will attend courses or lessons with a tutor. Nevertheless, practice shows that a child who is generally versed in the subject and has perseverance is quite capable of getting high scores for the exam, preparing for it on your own. The main thing is to find relevant, manuals, reference books, as well as biological encyclopedias and dictionaries that contain information from the school biology course and additional information.

Many students praise the work with video lessons. In addition, it is important to systematically work out the materials of the school course. Start with the simplest topics, reviewing 5th grade material first. The best guide is the school curriculum, which gradually moves the student from simple to complex. Try not only to read, but also to write down in order to prepare an understandable summary for yourself. You should also fill your hand in advance with the help of online tests that can be easily found on the Internet.

Start work with textbooks and tickets in advance, best in September

An important aspect is the student's mathematical skills, because very often students lose points on simple mathematical operations such as calculating percentages. Remember that the exam requires you to follow the instructions exactly. If in the task you are asked to write 2 arguments in favor of the opinion expressed, then you should not give 3 or 4 in order to impress the commission with your knowledge. Extra arguments will not be appreciated anyway, and you will lose time writing them.

OGE in biology is not included in the list of mandatory ones, but is chosen by students quite often. According to experts, most of the subjects pass the exam in this subject quite successfully, therefore the glory of a relatively easy one has stuck to the subject. Also, a number of 9th grade graduates plan to enter medical schools. Biology is also chosen upon admission to the 10th grade with a certain bias.At the stage of the 9th grade, there is not much material covered, it is quite accessible for understanding and mastering.

In 2018, the minimum threshold was 13 points - in other words, 13 tasks are required to pass the exam for a minimum mark. Maximum - 32 points for an "excellent" rating.
The structure of the biology exam is similar to the rest of the exams:

• The first part is designed to check the level of knowledge of factual data, laws, terms. These are ordinary test tasks where you need to find the correct answer from the proposed ones, establish correspondence, sequence - the answers are displayed in the answer sheet.
• The second part is a few tasks that require a detailed answer. It is necessary to solve the problem and describe in detail the course of conclusions.
  

According to the level of complexity, all tasks are divided into three levels of complexity, which allows you to qualitatively assess the student's preparation and the compliance of his knowledge with the norms and standards of the program: basic, advanced and high.

The first step is to decide on the goal to be achieved. Based on the goal, you can create a detailed preparation plan. Without a plan, the process of repetition and study of information will be sketchy, unsystematic, and the result will not be the highest. Familiarization with will allow you to create a plan according to which the preparation will be carried out. It is very important to organize yourself so as not to deviate from the plan, to practice regularly. Best to combine independent work, attentiveness in the classroom and consultation with a teacher or tutor.
I will solve the OGE in biology - this is additional opportunity assess the level of knowledge, consolidate the theory, get used to working with test tasks of different types and levels of complexity.
Is it possible to prepare from scratch?
Yes. It takes time, self-discipline and the opportunity to consult with a professional. In this case, it is recommended to hire a tutor and regularly complete assignments online.
It is recommended to start preparation at the beginning of the 9th grade in order to repeat the material for previous years:

• General biology;
• Anatomy;
• Botany;
• Ecology;
• Zoology.
  

Considering the peculiarities of your knowledge, allocate time to repeat all of the listed courses.
The advantages of preparing with online testing: the ability to assess and consolidate knowledge, save time, the ability to immediately calculate points for correct answers, you can use the resource at any time, regardless of where you are.