Conditional sentences in English.
Conditional sentences in English are closely related to the use of the subjunctive.
There are three types of conditional sentences in English:
Type 1 - denotes real, feasible conditions that may refer to the past, present or future.
In this type of sentence, the verb is used in the future tense in the main clause(consequences) and in the present tense in a subordinate clause(conditions). Both verbs are translated by the indicative mood:
If the weather is fine, we shall go outside.
If the weather will good, we let's go to to the street.
Is you ring me up, I shall tell you something.
If ayouto mecall
,
Iyousomething—
whatI will tell
.
Type 2- denotes unrealistic, impracticable conditions related to the present or future.
In this type of sentences, the auxiliary verb should / would and the infinitive of the verb without the particle to are used. in the main sentence and the past form of the verb to be in the subjunctive mood (were in all persons) or the Past Simple form of all other verbs in a subordinate clause (conditions)
If the weather were fine, we should go outside.
If the weather was good (today Tomorrow) we would go outside.
Is you rank me up, I should tell you something.
If you called me (today Tomorrow) I would like to tell you something.
Type 3 - stands for unfulfilled conditions in the past.
In this type of sentences, the auxiliary verb should / would and the tense verb Present Perfect are used. in the main sentence and the past perfect verb in a subordinate clause (conditions). Both verbs are translated by the subjunctive mood:
If the weather had been fine, we should have gone outside. If the weather had been good (yesterday), we would have gone outside.
If you had rung me up, I should have told you something. If you called me (yesterday), I would tell you something.
Attention:
1. If the subordinate clause comes before the main one, they are separated by a comma.
2. The subordinate clause does not use verbs will, would or should (there are exceptions).
3. After if you can use the form were instead of was for all persons.
If I was / were you, I would help her.
4. Recent years shape shall obsolete, increasingly used form will for all persons.
I shall / will go there, if he invites me.
5. There are mixed types of conditional sentences.
if nobody phoned him (in past), he won't come to the meeting (in present).
Subjunctive after I wish (= if only)
The form I wish used in the following cases:
1.Regret in the present, which we want to change (using the Past Simple tense):
I wish I was / were more patient.If only I were more patient (I'm impatient)
2. Regret or desire in the present associated with the inability to change something in the future (the form could is used):
I wish I could ride a bicycle.If only I could ride a bike. (But i can not)
3. Wish for the future, which is unlikely to come true or the desire to express dissatisfaction in the situation (the form would is used):
I wish he would study for his exam.(If he had prepared for the exam. (But he will not prepare).
4. Polite request, emphasizing disappointment or lack of hope for a change in the situation.
I wish you would be quiet.Ah, if you would calm down (but you lie if you do it)
5. Regret for the past(Past perfect):
I wish I had gone to Mike's birthday yesterday.If I went to Mike's birthday yesterday (Sorry, I didn't).
Attention:
1. In the designs I wish we "retreat" one time ago. That is, we use Past Simple in the present and Past Perfect in the past.
2. After if you can use the form were instead of was for all persons.
3. Shape if only can be used equally with I wish, but this form has a more emotional coloring.
The subjunctive mood in British English refers to literary, not colloquial speech, so in the following it will be noted which structure is more typical for colloquial or literary language.
The subjunctive mood is most often used in complex sentences:
1. The Present Subjunctive or a combination "should + infinitive" are used in subordinate explanatory sentences with union that after verbs to order, to command, to insist, to demand, to request, to ask, to recommend, to prooose, to suggest and after some other verbs having a similar meaning. British English has a typical structure "should + infinitive" :
We insist that a meeting should be held as soon as possible. - We insist on holding the meeting as soon as possible.
In American English and newspaper English, the Present Subjunctive (without should) is more commonly used:
We insist that a meeting be held as soon as possible (American Fnglish).
2. These subjunctive forms are used in subordinate clauses after construction it is important / vital / essential / necessary / desirable / impossible and after adjectives like eager, anxious, concerned :
Was it necessary that my uncle be informed? (American English). - Did you have to tell your uncle?
Is it necessary that the work should be done tooay? (British English). - Is it important that the work is done today?
It should be noted that other structures are used to express the same meaning in colloquial English:
The committee recommended the company to invest in new property. - The committee recommended that the company invest in the new property.
Was it necessary to inform my uncle? - Was it necessary for my uncle to be informed? "Was there a need to inform my uncle?"
3. In additional clauses after the verbwish. In sentences with a verb wish the desire to change the course of events is expressed. Traditionally, there are two forms of the subjunctive after wish :
It depends on what action is expressed by the verb in the subordinate clause. To express an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the verb-predicate of the main clause, The Past Subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause from the verb to be (were) for all persons or The Past Indefinite from all other verbs. Note that was is also possible in 1st and 3rd person wish sentences and is typical of spoken English:
I wish it were Tuesday today = I wish it was Tuesday today. Too bad it's not Tuesday.
If the verb of the subordinate clause expresses an action that precedes the action expressed in the main clause, it is in the Past Perfect in the subjunctive mood.
In real operation, there is a problem of matching different times with wish. The following examples show how different tenses are used with wish:
In the subordinate clause after wish, the 2nd person pronoun + would can express a polite or impolite request, depending on intonation:
I wish you would shut up! - Shut up, would you?
I wish you "d give her a message for me. - Could you convey my request to her?
Wish + 3rd person + would can express wish for the future, be an exclamation, express irritation, complaint:
I wish she wouldn't sing in the bath. - When will she stop singing in the bathroom!
I wish the music would stop. When will this music stop?
For Expression regrets about future action modal verb is used in the subordinate clause could :
I wish they could come to see me tomorrow. - What a pity that they will not be able to come and visit me tomorrow.
For Expression wishes or hopes for the future other structures may be used, for example:
I hope you will live for a long time. (Instead of: I wish you would live...) - I hope you live a long life.
In the literary language, the verb to wish can be used with the infinitive, while wish = want, but want is more typical for colloquial speech:
I wish to see the manager, please. - Please, I want to see the manager.
More common: I want to see... I'd like to see...
Complex addition can be used to pass the same value:
I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once. “I would like the manager to be informed at once.
Moreover, the use of one direct object without an infinitive after wish is impossible:
I want an appointment with the doctor. - I want to meet the doctor.
I wish an appointment with the doctor.
In Russian, a sentence with wish can correspond to: "it's a pity that ...", "it would be nice ...", "I would like ..."
4. In circumstantial sentences of the mode of action, introduced by unions if, as if, as though :
He speaks English as well as if he were an Englishman. - He speaks English so well that he seems to be English.
Does not speak English as well as if he had lived in Britain. - He speaks English as if he lived in Britain.
I wouldn't mind if he were not so rude. - I wish he wasn't so rude.
In sentences of this type, the verb to be is used either in the form were (this form is more typical) or in the was form, which is possible in colloquial speech.
Were is always used in the expression as it were (= so to speak):
He was, as it were, the missing link between the artist and the commercial public. - He was, so to speak, the missing link between the artist and the merchants.
5. The subjunctive is also used in conditional sentences:
In sentences that express unlikely conjectures relating to the present or future;
in sentences that express unfulfilled assumptions relating to the past tense.
Table "The use of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences"
Both types of conditional sentences are translated into Russian in the same way, because in Russian there is only one form of the subjunctive mood, regardless of the time of the action (past tense form + particle "by").
We often talk about our desires. Sometimes we want something unreal, sometimes we regret something, and sometimes we just want to dream. In English, we do this with the word wish (want / wish).
The word wish has several meanings. In this article we will look at the meaning, the understanding of which causes many difficulties. Namely: when we express regret, disappointment, sadness about what we cannot do or have what we want.
In this sense, we can use wish when talking about events of the present, past and future.
Using the wish construct in the present tense
In the present tense, we use wish when we talk about some events that we would like to change right now. In this case, we want things to be different at the moment, and we wish they were.
For example, now it is raining outside the window, and you are going for a walk and would really like it to be sunny.
Education design:
| I | I | ||
| You | you | ||
| We | wish | we | spoken English |
| They | they | worked | |
| She | she | was here | |
| He | wishes | he | |
| It |
it |
As you can see, the proposal has two parts. The first part (I wish/wishes) is in Present Simple. In the second part always followed by an action in the past tense(Past Simple).
If the first part is about the 3rd person (he, she, it, my friend), then we add the ending -es to our wish. Otherwise, wish remains unchanged.
Wewish we slept now.
We wish we were sleeping now.
He wishes he lived in New York.
He would like to live in New York.
They wish they were at home.
They wish they were at home.
If we use the modal verb can in the second part, it is put in the past tense and changes form to could. After could, the action itself is in the present tense.
someone + wish(es) + someone + could + action
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | speak English | |
| They | they | could | swim | |
| She | she | cook | ||
| He | wishes | he | ||
| It |
it |
Theywish they could leave a lesson.
They wish they could leave the lesson.
He wishes he could dance.
He wishes he could dance.
Negative sentence with wish in present tense
The negative form in the present tense is formed using the auxiliary verb did and the negative particle not. The scheme for the formation of such a proposal:
someone + wish(es) + someone + did not + action
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | speak English | |
| They | they | did not | work | |
| She | she | be here | ||
| He | wishes | he | ||
| It |
it |
Examples:
She wishes she did not feel ill.
She wishes she didn't feel sick. (She's sorry she got sick)
They wish they did not study.
They wish they didn't study. (They wish they were learning)
Using ___ wish ___ were
The construction I wish I were is translated as "I would like to be ...". With it, we talk about any unrealistic desires.
Previously, according to the rules of the English language, in the _wish_were construction, regardless of the person (I, you, we, he, she), we put were. But the rules are changing. Now there is a division into colloquial and formal speech.
formal speech
In formal speech or writing, it is customary to say were, regardless of the character:
Someone + wish(es) + someone + were
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | cat | |
| They | they | were | president | |
| She | she | young | ||
| He | wishes | he | ||
| It |
it |
Examples:
Theywish they were smart.
They would like to be smart.
Shewishes she were beautiful.
She would like to be beautiful.
Colloquial speech
However, in colloquial speech (you can hear this in TV shows), we still change were to was when it comes to the 3rd person (he, she, it). Education scheme:
Someone + wish(es) + someone + were/was
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | were | cat |
| They | they | president | ||
| She | she | young | ||
| He | wishes | he | was | |
| It |
it |
Examples:
He wishes he was a millionaire.
He would like to be a millionaire.
Theywish they were younger.
They would like to be younger.
Using the construction with wish in the past tense
We use this construction when we regret something we did in the past, and now we would like to do differently.
For example, you moved to live in another city. After living there for a while, you realized that it was a mistake. And now you regret that you moved, but you can not return anything.
The educational scheme will be as follows:
Someone + wish(es) + someone + had + regular -ed verb or 3rd form of an irregular verb
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | seen this film | |
| They | they | had | bought the phone | |
| She | she | been here | ||
| He | wishes | he | ||
| It |
it |
The first part always remains in the present tense. In the second part, we put had in front of the action we regret, and the action itself in the 3rd form.
Shewishes she had given Tom her phone number.
She would like her to give Tom her phone number. (She's sorry she didn't give it to him.)
Iwish I had bought a ticket for the concert.
I wish I could buy a ticket for this concert. (I'm sorry I didn't buy it)
Negative sentences with wish in the past tense
If you have done something that you regret and you would like it not to happen, you need to use denial. To do this, we add the negative particle not to our had.
The scheme for the formation of such a proposal:
Someone + wish(es) + someone + had not + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of an irregular verb
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | seen this film | |
| They | they | had not | lost a phone | |
| She | she | been here | ||
| He | wishes | he | ||
| It |
it |
Examples:
He wishes he had not bought this car.
He wishes he didn't buy this car. (He's sorry he bought it)
We wish we had not met each other.
We wish we didn't meet each other. (We're sorry we met)
Using the wish construction in the future tense
We use wish when we want something to happen in the future. Most likely this is an unlikely event or one that we cannot influence.
For example, you would like to buy a car that you like, but you realize that you cannot afford it.
The scheme will be as follows:
Someone + wish(es) + someone + would + action
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | speak English | |
| They | they | would | lose phone | |
| She | she | be here | ||
| He | wishes | he | ||
| It |
it |
The first part remains in the present tense. In the second part, we simply put will in the past form of would, and the action itself remains in its initial form.
Iwish she would stop smoking.
I would like her to quit smoking.
Shewishes she would go to the concert.
She wish she went to the concert
Negative sentences with wish in the future tense
To say that you do not want something to happen in the future, you need to add a negative particle not to would. The scheme for the formation of such a proposal:
someone + wish(es) + someone + would not + action
| I | I | |||
| You | you | |||
| We | wish | we | meet | |
| They | they | would not | work | |
| She | she | be here | ||
| He | wishes | he | ||
| It |
it |
Examples:
She wishes summer vacation wouldn't end.
She wished the summer holidays never ended. (she wish they were over)
They wish they would not have to leave.
They wish they didn't have to leave. (They wish they had to leave)
So, we have considered all constructions with the word wish. And now you can speak in English about your desires and actions that you regret. And now let's consolidate the acquired knowledge in practice.
Reinforcement task
Translate the following sentences into English. Leave your answers in the comments below the article.
1. She would like to be a ballerina.
2. He wishes he could come.
3. They wish they weren't at that party.
4. I wish I could drive a car.
5. She would like him to call her.
6. We would like her not to fly away.
7. He would like him to buy that car.
8. They would like to be invited to a birthday party.
As we already know, there are many special situations and exceptions in English grammar. And our topic today is just a separate case. It would seem that conditional sentences in English speech have so many variants of construction that it is impossible to imagine at least one more. But it is, and is a special kind of sentences that have the subjunctive mood and their own construction rules. So, today we will try to figure out how sentences with I wish are composed, what such expressions mean and in what cases they are used.
Why do I need the I wish construction?
Using expressions of the subjunctive mood in speech, the speaker seeks to talk about his desire or assumption regarding any action. For example, I would like to be free now (but I can't). These are practically the same sentences with the I wish construction, however, they have their own special semantic context.
The expression I wish in its main meaning is similar to phrases like Iwantto, Iwouldliketo, which translates as " I want, I want, I would like". But, combinations with wish are used mainly when these wishes are not real, cannot be fulfilled for various reasons. So, the English example " IwishIwerefreenow", Russian translation " I'm sorry I'm not free now n" or " I would like to be free now(but everyone understands that this is not feasible).
In other words, sentences with I wish are an expression of any desires, almost dreams, with an emphasis on regret that they are most likely not feasible now / in the future, or were not fulfilled some time ago. Russian equivalents - sorry it's not; I wish... but alas.
Grammatically, sentences with the conditional phrase I wish in English are considered conditional, and contain 2 parts: the main and the subordinate clause, which contain the whole meaning of the statement. In the first part in place I any personal pronoun can be used you, we, she etc. Such expressions are used in different tense forms, the system of which will be discussed in the next section.
Offers with I wish in different tenses
With I wish in English, we can express regret both about past events and if they are happening at the moment or happening in the future. Accordingly, the English grammar contains 2 variants of their construction:
- If we regret something that is happening now or will happen in the near future, then we put the verb after wish in, sometimes in Past Continuous.
- If we are talking about an action that happened in the distant past, the predicate of the subordinate clause is in the Past Perfect.
Consider examples of the use of such phrases in various situations.
| verb tense | Meaning | Example | Translation |
| past simple | Regret about unfulfilled actions, events that did not occur in the present (rarely in the future) time. | I wish you studied the English language. | I'm sorry that you don't teach English language. / I wish you learned English (but you don't learn). |
| I wish I knew the answer. | I would like to know answer (but don't know). / I wish I Don't know answer to this. | ||
| Past continuous | Regret about events that are happening right now or constantly, periodically (in a negative sense). Rarely used in the future tense. | I wish she weren't always telling me about her problems. | I would like her didn't tell to me constantly about their problems (and she talks). / It's a pity that she constantly tells me about my problems. |
| I wish it were snowing now. | It's a pity that not going now snow. / I would like to now fell snow (but it does not fall). | ||
| past perfect | Regret for long-committed actions, past events. Regret that it turned out that way, and not otherwise. | I wished I had known before. | I regretted, what am I did not know this before. / I was sorry, I I would like to know this before (but did not know). |
| She wishes she had worked on that day. | I would like she is work that day (but she didn't work)./ To her it's a pity that she did not work in that day. |
Grammar notes: verb to be in subordinate clauses with wish always has the form were, regardless of which person it is I, we, you, he, etc.): Iwishmymother were here. This rule applies to the sentences wish past simple and wish past continuous.
The second important point relates to the translation of constructions into Russian. If in the sentence the predicate of the subordinate clause is in a negative form, then with the turnover “ it's a pity, …» we translate it in the affirmative form : Iwishyou didn't 't spend somuchmoneyoncosmetics (I wish you spend so much money for cosmetics).
The rule is also true in reverse: Iwish I had 5 dollars (It's a pity that I do not have five dollars). Turnovers « I would like…" and " I would like to…» do not require a change in the form of the predicate : IwishI spoke English(I would like to speak in English (but I don't speak).
Wish constructions with modal verbs
In phrases like " wish+mod.ch.+predicate”, the modal verb is always in the past tense form. In this case, the predicate can be used in the form of an infinitive or verb forms of the Past tense group.
| Design | Meaning | Example | Translation |
| Iwishcould+ verb in the beginning form | Wishing for something to happen in the future, but unlikely to happen. | He wishes he couldfix his bike. | He I would like to be able to fix his bicycle (but he is unlikely to be able to). / He is sorry that he can't fix your bike. |
| How I wish I could play the guitar! | How would I wanted to be able to play on the guitar (but I can't)! / That's a pity that I I can't play On guitar! | ||
| Iwishcould+ have+ Ch. past tense form | Regret about the opportunity lost in the past to do something, do something, change something. | We wish we could have helped her. | We could help her (but did not have the opportunity). / We're sorry that we failed her help(it was not possible). |
| I wish I could have been at the concert. | I'm sorry that I couldn't visit at this concert (did not have the opportunity). / I wish that I was able to visit this concert, but it was not possible. | ||
| I wish +infinitive | Negative attitude to any actions, events; desire to change them in the future. NOT regret but discontent, rejection, irritability. | I wish you would stop writing to me! | When did you stop writing to me! / you can say: I'm sorry that you don't stop writing to me. |
| I wish it would stop snowing. | When will end snow. / It's a pity that it snows does not end . |
So, we have completed the topic of conditional sentences with the construction “ Iwish". Please note that these rules only apply to conditional sentences and the subjunctive, because the use of wish also possible in sentences of other mood types. In such cases wish is used in its direct meaning, and sentences are composed according to the usual rules of their mood.
It should also be noted that the design Iwish often used in business English as a substitute for the expression Iwant because it gives the speech a more formal and stern tone. However, it will not be difficult to distinguish such constructions, since the grammatical composition of the sentence will be completely different.
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1. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule. 2. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter. 3. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 4. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 5. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it. 6. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 7. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 8. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 9.1 wish I (to know) Spanish. 10. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 11. I wish you (to read) more in the future. 12. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 13. I wish I (to be) at yesterday "s party: it must have been very merry. 14. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 15. Don" t you wish you (to see) that performance before ? 16. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again.
key:
1.He had not forgotten. 2. I had. 3. I had consulted. 4. They were. 5. I had not lent. 6. You sent. 7. I did not have. 8. You had gone. 9. I knew. 10. I had not drunk. 11. You read. 12. I had never suggested. 13. I've been. 14. We met. 15. You had seen. 16. They didn't see.
2. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the subjunctive after "Iwish".
1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday "s party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend" s birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last weekend. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night. 12. I wish I (to bring) my camera last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.
key:
1. I could. 2. She had seen. 3. I had passed. 4. I hadn "t forgotten. 5. He hadn" t broken. 6. She had stayed. 7. He knew. 8. They were. 9. It had been. 10. She lived. 11. He hadn "t done. 12. I had brought. 13. I could. 14. You were. 15. They could. 16. Things were.
3. Paraphrase the following sentences using "Iwish".
1. Unfortunately they won "t return before Christmas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the examination. 3. It" s a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It "s a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It" s a pity we shan" t be able to reach home before tea-time. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don't know enough physics.
key:
1. I wish they returned before Christmas. 2. The student wished he had studied the material better and shown better knowledge at the examination. 3. I wish you had sent for us last night. 4. I wish you were with us these days. 5. My friend wishes he had entered the university. 6. He wished he had had enough time to finish his paper. 7. I wish we were able to reach home before teatime. 8. I wish I had not made you upset by telling you this news. 9. I wish you knew enough physics.
4. Translate into English using "Iwish ". (Only for 8 A - English)
1. Ah, if only you had told her that last Sunday! 2. It would be nice if we had a vacation now. 3. If he came tonight! 4. We regretted that we did not ask for his advice. 5. It is a pity that you refused to take part in the picnic. 6. It is a pity that you are not interested in this subject. 7. We would like you to mention these facts. 8. It is a pity that we missed the train. 9. It's a pity that you turned on the TV so late. 10. If I were free now! 11. It is a pity that yesterday I had little time. 12. It would be nice if you wrote to her about it yourself. 13. It is a pity that you did not pay attention to his warning. 14. He regretted that he left the university. 15. It's a pity that it's too late to go there. 16. Ah, if only I had come to the station on time! 17. It is a pity that you have not read such a wonderful book. 18. It is a pity that she makes so many mistakes in speech. 19. It is a pity that you did not visit the exhibition. 20. It is a pity that I found out about it so late. 21. What a pity that we did not find Kolya at home. 22. She regretted that she had not told us this story earlier.
key:
1. Oh, how I wish you had told her about it last Sunday! 2. I wish we had holidays now. 3. Oh, I wish he came tonight! 4. We wished we had asked his advice. 5. I wish you had not refused to take part in the picnic. 6. I wish you were interested in this subject. 7. We wish you mentioned these facts. 8. I wish we had not missed the train. 9. I wish you had turned on TV earlier. 10. I wish I were free now! 11. I wish I had had more time yesterday. 12. I wish you wrote her about it yourself. 13. I wish you had paid attention to his warning. 14. He wished he had not left the university. 15. I wish it were not too late to go there. 16. Oh, how I wish I had come to the railway station on time! 17. I wish you had read this wonderful book. 18. I wish she did not make so many mistakes in her speech. 19. I wish you had visited the exhibition. 20. I wish I had learned about it earlier. 21. I wish we had found Nick at home. 22. She wished she had told us this story before.
5. Rephrase the sentences as in the example using the I wish... structure:
Example : I'm sorry I haven't got a washing machine. – I wish I had a washing machine.
1. I "m sorry I don't live near my work.
2. I "m sorry our garden doesn't get any sun.
3. I "m sorry I called him a liar.
4. I "m sorry I don't know Finnish.
5. I "m sorry I didn't book a seat.
6. I'm sorry I haven't got a car.
7. I "m sorry I can" t drive.
8. I "d like Tom to drive more slowly (but I haven't anygreat hopes of this).
9. I "d like you to keep quiet. (You" re making so much noise that I can "t think.)
10. I'm sorry that theater tickets cost so much.
12. It "s a pity he didn't work harder during the term.
13. It "s a pity you are going tonight.
14. It "s a pity I haven" t got a work permit.
key :
I wish I lived near my work.
I wish our garden got some sun.
I wish I hadn't called him a liar.
I wish I knew Finnish.
I wish I had booked a seat.
I wish I had got a car.
I wish I could drive.
I wish Tom would drive more slowly.
I wish you would keep quiet.
I wish the theater tickets didn't cost so much.
I wish he had worked harder during the term.
I wish you were not going tonight.
I wish I had got a work permit.
6. Choose the right option:
1) I wish (I knew / I would know) the answer to your question.
2) I wish you (wouldn "t be / aren't) so rude.
3) I wish (they visited / they had visited) us when they were in town.
4) I wish (I would speak / I spoke) better French.
5) I wish they (hadn "t been / wouldn't be) so unfriendly.
6) I wish (I have refused / I had refused) when you suggested the idea.
7) I wish (I had / would have) more time to do this job.
8) I wish she (would / had) come to work on time in the future.
KE Y:
1) I knew
2) wouldn't be
3) they had visited
4) I spoke
5) wouldn't be
6) had refused
7) I had
8) Would
7 . Open the brackets using the appropriate form:
1) I wish it ______ so much. The garden's turned to mud. (not rain)
3) If only I ______ more time for my hobbies. (have)
4) I wish it ______ more often in Valencia. (rain)
5) I wish I ______to go to your nephew's wedding. (not have)
6) I wish Samantha ______ her hair more often. It looks so greasy all the time. (wash)
7) I wish you ______ so horrible to your brother. He's really nice. (not be)
8) I wish the council _____ that beautiful old house. It was part of the town's heritage. (not demolish)
9) If only I _______ the money to go to Jon's wedding. (have)
10) I wish I _____her she "d put on weight. She hates me now. (not tell)
11) I wish you ______ to your mother like that. (not speaking)
12) If only we ______a Hewlett Packard printer. The cartridges are so expensive. (not buy)
13) I wish George _____ so fast. It's really dangerous. (not drive)
key:
1) hadn't rained
2) hadn't parked
3) I had
4) rained
5) didn't have
6) would wash / washed
7) weren"t
8) hadn't demolished
9) had
10) hadn't told
11) wouldn't speak / didn't speak
12) hadn't
