And how to find it in a sentence? What questions does the predicate and the subject answer? It is these topics that children gradually learn over the long school years of study. And this is not at all surprising, because the topic is deep and has many pitfalls.
Grammatical basis
So how do you recognize the basis of a sentence? First you need to understand the definition. In fact, this is the main part of any sentence that defines the subject, its action and what it is. Namely, this is the subject and the predicate. At school, it is permissible to consider them as a phrase, but if you dig deeper, then not quite so. The questions sound like this:
- The subject is "who" or "what". It can be any object, person, animal, living and inanimate being and a pronoun that is used in the nominative case in the sentence.
- The second part of the grammatical basis is the predicate. Answers the questions "what is he" or "who is he", "what does he do", "what is the subject", "what happens to him".
Examples of the main part of the sentence
For example, we can take several
- "The boy (who?) is going (what is he doing? - here the predicate is a verb) home."
- "He's sad (what's going on with the item?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed by an adverb, namely the state of the main character.
- "He is small (what is the subject?)". The predicate here is a short adjective.
- "Oleg is a student (who is he?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed by an animate noun.
- Baikal is a big lake. Here an inanimate noun is used, and the predicate answers the questions "what is" or "what is it."
Compound verb predicate
A simple predicate, or as it is also called a verb, can be expressed in any mood. It is always a verb, which is clear from its name. Such a predicate answers questions posed at any time. Not always a simple predicate is expressed in one word, for example:
- "I will sing". "I will sing" is a simple predicate expressed by a verb in the form of a complex future tense.
- As if, as if, exactly, as if, as if, used with the predicate - model particles that are not separated by commas, as is the case with comparative conjunctions.
- She was about to go to the door when she suddenly stopped. Here “was” is a model part, denoting an action that began, but did not happen. Such parts are not separated by commas, in contrast to such parts as used to and it happens that have the value of regular repetition of actions.
- In the case of a phraseological unit as a predicate, in order to distinguish it from a compound type, the following should be remembered: the first one is easy to replace with one word, but you cannot put "to be" (in any of its forms) instead of it.
Compound nominal predicate
This type of predicate, in turn, is divided into subtypes: it can be verbal, nominal or tripartite. These parts of the sentence may consist of two or more words, which determine the type.
The main and auxiliary parts, which are expressed by words denoting action, form a compound verbal predicate. One of them is always used in an indefinite form, and the second is expressed by verbs denoting the beginning, continuation and end of the action. In this capacity, words are used must, glad, can, ready and others that are short adjectives. Also, this part is expressed by words denoting states that have the meaning of possibility, desirability and necessity, as well as giving an emotional assessment of the action.
The nominal predicate answers questions about the actions of the subject and in its composition can have a noun and an adjective in the nominative and instrumental cases, as well as a participle, numeral, adverb and pronoun, which are used together with auxiliary verbs.
A compound predicate is a combination of verbal and nominal predicates.
