Military Transport Academy (VTA) them. L. Kaganovich and the Leningrad Red Banner School of Military Communications. M. V. Frunze (VOSO School) (now the Military Academy of Logistics named after General of the Army A. V. Khrulev).
In the unprecedented scale and intensity of the battles of the Great Patriotic War the Soviet people showed the highest heroism and won a world-wide significant victory, finishing off fascism in its lair 70 years ago.
A significant contribution to the defeat of the aggressor was made by transport workers, graduates of transport universities and technical schools, railway and technical schools, workers and employees, military railway workers, including officers - graduates of the Military Transport Academy (VTA) named after. L. Kaganovich and the Leningrad Red Banner School of Military Communications. M. V. Frunze (VOSO School), who provided a gigantic volume of transportation during the war years to meet the needs of the front and rear. They took part in the transport support of all strategic, front-line and army defensive and offensive operations during the war years, they provided a barrier, technical cover, restoration, construction and operation of front-line railways, evacuation of the population, military and economic cargo deep into the country, military mobilization, operational and economic transportation, the operation of all types of transport in the interests of the Victory.
News of the treacherous attack Nazi Germany the Soviet Union was caught by the personnel of the VOSO school in a summer training camp near Luga, 131 km from Leningrad. Peaceful life was replaced by military.
The initial stage of the war revealed major shortcomings in the transport support for the actions of the army and navy.
As a result of the enemy's surprise attack, the rail transport found itself in a difficult position. The mobilization of border railways and the deployment of VOSO bodies on them was seriously disrupted. Most of the units of the Railway Troops also had to change points and areas of mobilization, and they did not have time to turn around in time.
The rapid advance of the enemy required a change in mobilization transportation plans. Frequent redeployment of operational echelons, mass evacuation movements led to large accumulations of the latter. The rapid change in the combat situation led to the fact that the departments involved in allowances often submitted applications to the MCC VOSO without taking into account the real security of the fronts, and the latter, without proper analysis, presented them in separate orders to the NKPS. As a result, part of the cargo arriving at the supply stations had to be redirected. The military communications authorities were unable to take into account the entire mass of military echelons and transports, control their progress and unloading, as a result of which the management of transportation was significantly disrupted. By decision of the Headquarters and the State Defense Committee, the head of the Military Communications Department of the Red Army, Lieutenant General of the Technical Troops
N. I. Trubetskoy was removed from his post, and L. M. Kaganovich, People's Commissar of Railways, was punished.
During the war years, the railway transport suffered huge material damage. 26 railways were completely put out of action, 8 were partially damaged, 65 thousand kilometers of tracks were destroyed, 13 thousand bridges were blown up, 4100 stations, 317 locomotive depots and 129 NKPS plants were destroyed.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Railway Troops and the VOSO bodies carried out a huge amount of work to restore the railways destroyed by the enemy (about 113,724 km); military rail transport, which amounted to 443,213 military trains; technical cover of railways, combat and logistical support of military
sky transportation. During the war years, the Railway Troops grew and became stronger. By the end of the war, they numbered 35 restoration and 2 operational railway brigades, 19 operational and 9 spare railway regiments, 110 restoration track, 40 railway bridge battalions, 30 mechanization battalions and 30 communications battalions, 3 automobile battalions and a number of other units. During the war years in
The strength of the Railway Troops increased 2.8 times; by May 9, 1945, it amounted to 271,652 people. Together with the special formations of the NKPS, they restored and built about 120 thousand km of the main, second and station
13,022 small bridges and pipes, 2,756 large and medium bridges, 70,872 km of communication lines were laid, 2,345 water supply points, 182 locomotive depots and 7,990 stations and sidings were put into operation, 76,984 sets of turnouts were laid. During this time, military railway workers neutralized and destroyed 2 million mines and land mines, built 10 thousand km of new lines together with the builders of the People's Commissariat of Railways. All this was done by the hands of soldiers under the guidance of officers, the vast majority of whom were graduates of the VOSO school. In general, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, the school held 9 recruits and trained 5331 officers, including 4751 in the main course, 480 were trained in the three-month courses of junior lieutenants. 1075 officers were retrained at the advanced training courses for officers at the school.
In June 1945, the Leningrad Order of Lenin Red Banner School of Military Communications named after. M. V. Frunze returned to Leningrad. The peaceful development of the country required the solution of new tasks of training personnel for the Railway Troops and military communications. The troops began to overhaul the country's railways. In accordance with the new tasks assigned to the Railway Troops in the post-war period,
the system of officer training for the troops and the Military Communications Service was changed and improved. Based on a special joint order People's Commissar Defense and People's Commissar of Railways No. 85 / 1142ts dated 12/14/1945 from January 1, 1946, a three-year training period was established in the basic military educational institution that trained officers for the Railway Troops and military communications, new curricula and training programs were introduced, the conditions for recruiting cadets and scientific and pedagogical personnel have been improved. During the war years and the post-war period, the school was commanded by front-line generals
K. A. Parkhomenko, G. P. Gaponenko, V. P. Tisson, F. I. Pribov, P. M. Baidakov, M. A. Kuznetsov, who passed on their rich front-line and life experience to new generations of cadets and professors teaching staff, carefully preserving and increasing the combat and labor traditions of the older generations.
The memory of university graduates is preserved. A monument to graduates who died defending the Fatherland was erected on the territory of the institute. On the building of the headquarters of the school on Moika, 96, a marble memorial plaque was installed, the text on which says that during the Great Patriotic War the administration of the 9th Order of the Red Banner of the railway brigade was located in this building, on March 17, 1968, on the day of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the school, it was opened museum that leads great job to promote the history, combat and labor traditions of cadets and graduates of the school. There is a Council of Veterans, which unites more than a thousand graduates and employees of the school, including 10 surviving veterans of the Great Patriotic War. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people, the Alley of Heroes was opened in Peterhof, on which busts of heroes, graduates of the school, were installed. “Their names are forever in our memory” - under this title, in the year of the 50th anniversary of the Victory, a book was published about 80 participants in the Great Patriotic War who worked at the school. The staff of the Institute is preparing for the parade dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory.
On May 9, he will have to walk along Red Square in Moscow, along Palace Square in St. Petersburg and in the city of military glory Lomonosov, where a monument to the defenders of the Oranienbaum bridgehead will be unveiled.
A. P. Ivanov and N. N. Nazaruk,
assistant professors of the Military Institute
(Railway troops and military
messages) VA MTO them. army general
A. V. Khruleva
*F.24696; 416 d.; 1918 - 1940
By order of the RVSR N 47 of October 7, 1918, the Academy of the General Staff was opened in Moscow. The academy was headed by a Council consisting of a chief and two commissars (RVSR order N 446 of March 8, 1919). By order of the RVSR N 24 of January 5, 1920, the Council of the Academy was abolished, and the chief and military commissar were placed at its head. The academy trained cadres of higher and middle command staff.
By order of the RVSR N 1675 of August 5, 1921, it was transformed into a combined arms and renamed the Military Academy of the Red Army. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 1086 of November 5, 1925, she was named after M.V. Frunze, and on February 13, 1926, M.V. Frunze’s office was opened at the academy.
By order of the RVSR N 1697 of August 8, 1921, the Higher Military Academic Courses (HVAC) for senior command personnel were opened at the academy, which in 1925 were significantly expanded and transformed into Advanced Courses for Higher Command Personnel (KUVNAS).
After the establishment of the Academy of the General Staff in 1936, the Military Academy began to train combined arms personnel of the command and staff profile of the operational-tactical specialty.
By order of the RVSR N 4 of January 9, 1922, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner; M. V. Frunze. By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 15, 1934, she was awarded the Order of Lenin.
Orders for the academy are administrative and combatant (October 1918 - December 1940), orders (1938 - 1940).
Transcripts, minutes of meetings of the Academic Council at the Academy (1924 - 1925), meetings (1940).
Reports, reports on the activities of the academy, faculties on educational issues, on the work of courses of higher staff workers (1923 - 1930).
Curricula, programs (1923 - 1925, 1932 - 1940), plans for research work (1931 - 1940). Plans, reports, instructions for holding military games and camps (February 1926 - May 1929).
Transcripts, protocols of party meetings, meetings of the Party Bureau of the Academy (July 1919 - December 1920, 1922, 1929 - 1934, March 1936 - 1940). Plans for party political work (1932). Materials for the meeting of the heads of political departments of military districts and fleets (1927).
Instructions, plans, information about visiting the academy by foreign delegations (May 1927 - April 1928).
Transcripts of speeches, manuscripts of articles, speeches by M. V. Frunze, materials
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On carrying out mourning and anniversary events to perpetuate the memory of M. V. Frunze (1925 - 1927).
Correspondence of E. A. Shchadenko with the old Bolsheviks and participants in the civil war (1930 - 1935).
Materials on the history of individual faculties (1925 - 1927).
ACADEMY OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RKKA
*F.37963; 162 days; 1936 - 1940
The Academy of the General Staff was opened by order of the RVSR N 47 of October 7, 1918 in Moscow for the training of senior and middle command personnel. By order of the RVSR N 1675 of August 5, 1921, it was transformed into a combined arms and renamed the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze. The training of the higher command staff was continued by the Higher Military Academic Courses (VVAK) opened at the academy (order of the RVSR N 1697 of August 8, 1921), which in 1925 were significantly expanded and transformed into the Improvement Courses for the Higher Command Staff (KUVNAS).
By decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Soviet government, by order of the NPO N 058 of April 11, 1936, the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army was re-established to train generals, admirals and officers of the operational-strategic level and retrain leading military personnel. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 3, 1941, she was named after K. E. Voroshilov.
Located in Moscow.
Orders for the academy are administrative and combatant (Aug. - Dec. 1940).
Books of accounting for commanding officers and students (1936, 1938 - 1940), correspondence on staffing the academy with teaching staff and students (1938, 1940).
Protocols of party meetings of the academy, reports, political reports on party political work (1937 - 1940).
ARTILLERY ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
*F.24698; 140 days; 1917 - 1925
ARTILLERY ACADEMY OF THE RKKA (former artillery department of the Military Technical Academy) ARTILLERY ACADEMY OF THE RKKA (former artillery department of the Military Technical Academy)
*F.32439; 512 d.; 1932 - 1941
Created on the basis of the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy in Petrograd, which, after October revolution resumed classes and in February 1918 became part of the Red Army. By order of the RVSR N 498 of March 15, 1919, the Mikhailovskaya Academy was renamed the Artillery Academy of the Red Army. Trained officer cadres with higher military and engineering education. In connection with the general reduction of the army by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 469 of May 6, 1925 No.
- 377 -
Together with the Military Engineering and Electrotechnical Academy, it was merged into the Military Technical Academy of the Red Army.
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 046 dated June 3, 1932, on the basis of the artillery faculty and the department of gunpowder and explosives of the chemical faculty of the abolished Military Technical Academy, the Artillery Academy was re-established and named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky.
In 1938 she was transferred from Leningrad to Moscow and was awarded the Order of Lenin (1938).
In 1953, the command faculties were withdrawn from the academy and returned to Leningrad, where the Military Artillery Command Academy (since 1960 - the Military Artillery Academy) was formed on the former basis of the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy.
1. Orders for the academy, administrative and combatant (Jan. 1917 - Sept. 1925), for the educational part (Jan. - Apr. 1920, Feb. - July 1924).
Reports of the head of the academy, reports on the formation and staffing of the combat department (October 1918 - June 1919); minutes of the meetings of the commission for the reorganization of the academy (January - October 1920).
Reports, correspondence with the air defense headquarters and GUVUZ about the merger of the Artillery and Engineering Academies.
2. Orders for the academy are administrative and combatant, for personnel (July 1932 - January 1941), for the headquarters of the academy (July 1932 - December 1936).
Protocols of party meetings (April - November 1940). Political reports of the military commissars of the divisions of the academies (May - Sept. 1936), statistical information on the composition and work of the party and Komsomol organizations (October 1936 - January 1939). Correspondence with a special department of the OGPU LVO (1940).
Curricula, programs (1933 - 1939). Plans, reports on the results of research work (1933 - 1940). Reports on the fulfillment of tasks to improve the combat properties of artillery weapons; reviews, conclusions, acts of testing ready-made weapons (1938 - 1940).
Report on the results of the survey of the academy (June 1940). Information about the strength, staff book of the academy (1939). Statistical information about students' graduations (1933 - 1935).
Annual Report of the Academy (1925 - 1926); minutes of meetings of the Council of the Academy (1926 - 1927). Minutes of the meetings of the State Examination Commission for the faculties of the Academy (1937 - 1940).
Cards of personal accounts of workers and employees (1939 - 1940).
MILITARY ENGINEERING ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
*F.24700; 388 d.; 1918 - 1925, 1934, 1936
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Renamed the Military Engineering Academy of the Red Army, by order N1788 of August 23, 1923, it was merged with the Military Electrotechnical Academy (formerly the Higher Military Electrotechnical School of the Red Army Command Staff, established in 1918) and received the name of the Military Engineering and Electrotechnical Academy. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 469 dated May 6, 1925, it was merged with the Artillery Academy and renamed the Military Technical Academy of the Red Army. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 039 dated May 13, 1932, the Military Engineering Academy of the Red Army was re-established on the basis of the engineering faculty of the abolished Military Technical Academy and the Moscow Higher Civil Engineering School. In 1935, she was named after V. V. Kuibyshev. Trained officers for engineering troops and signal troops.
Orders of the GVIU (1918), orders, administrative orders for the academy (1918 - August 1925), for the educational department (March 1918 - August 1925), political parts (January - September 1925).
Circulars, orders of the UVUZ LVO (Feb. - Aug. 1925). Minutes of meetings of the Military Technical Directorate of the Red Army (October - December 1924), the Engineering Committee of the GVIU, conferences of the Academy (1918 - 1921).
Curricula, study programs, methodological developments(Oct. 1922 - Oct. 1923). Correspondence about sending students to the academy (January - November 1918).
Lists of commanding staff of the academy (1934, 1936).
MILITARY TECHNICAL ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
*F.39338; 212 days; 1925 - 1932
Created by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 469 of May 6, 1925 by merging the Artillery and Military Engineering and Electrotechnical Academies. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 403 of July 26, 1926, she was named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 039 of May 13, 1932, the academy was abolished, independent academies were created on the basis of its faculties of mechanization and motorization, chemical, engineering, and by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 046 of June 31, 1932 - Electrotechnical and Artillery Academy. Trained officer cadres with higher military and engineering education.
Orders for the administrative-combat academy (1925 - 1932), for the headquarters of the academy (1931 - 1932), for the faculties: mechanization and motorization, artillery (1931), for the evening Military Technical Academy (March - November 1932).
Minutes of meetings of the Academic Council (October 1925 - June 1928), subcommittee of the VAK at the Academy (May - July 1932), methodological commissions (May - July 1925, 1929-Sept. 1930).
Curricula, programs, plans for summer practical classes (1928, 1931 - 1932).
Reports of the head of the academy on the activities and state of the academy (June - November 1930, February 1932).
Plans, tasks, analytical reports, reviews, correspondence on implementation
- 379 -
Scientific research works, manuscripts of works (1925- 1931); a report on a business trip abroad, journals of research papers on electrical and radio engineering (1929); descriptions of artillery devices (on German) (1928, 1930, 1932).
Minutes of party meetings of the electrical engineering faculty (January - April 1932), political reports of political instructors of the Academy's divisions (January - May 1932).
MILITARY ELECTROTECHNICAL ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
F.24701; 275 d.; 1933 - 1941
MILITARY ELECTROTECHNICAL ACADEMY MILITARY ELECTROTECHNICAL ACADEMY
F.25836; 86 days; 1918 - 1923
1. By order of the RVSR N 1222 of June 10, 1921, the Higher Electrotechnical School (established in 1918) was reorganized into the Military Electrotechnical Academy; by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 1788 of August 23, 1923, it was merged with the Military Engineering Academy.
2. Newly created by orders of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 039 dated May 13 and N 046 dated June 3, 1932 on the basis of the electrical engineering faculty of the abolished Military Technical Academy. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 47 of April 1, 1933, she was subordinate to the head of communications of the Red Army. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 65 dated April 26, 1933, the academy was named after S. M. Budyonny. Since 1941 - Military Electrotechnical Academy of Communications, since 1946 - Military Academy of Communications.
Administrative orders for the school, the academy (1918 - 1923, 1933 - 1940), for the headquarters of the academy (1933, 1935, 1937).
Minutes of meetings of the Council and the Academic Council, commissions of the Academy (1922 - 1923, 1936 - 1940); curricula, programs (1922 - 1923, 1939 - 1941). Materials about inventions (1934 - 1935).
Protocols of party meetings, meetings of the Party Bureau of the Academy (1921 -1922, 1932 - 1935, 1940).
MILITARY ACADEMY OF MECHANIZATION AND MOTORIZATION OF THE RKKA (Vp. Military Academy of Armored Troops)
*F.37608; 48 days; 1933 - 1940
Created by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 039 dated May 13, 1932 on the basis of the Faculty of Mechanization and Motorization of the abolished Military Technical Academy of the Red Army and the Moscow Automobile and Tractor Institute. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 41 dated March 22, 1933, the academy was named after I.V. Stalin. By order of the head of the Department of Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army N 080 dated November 4, 1933, advanced courses for the command staff of the motorized mechanized troops named after. Comintern. Trained command and staff officers and mechanical engineers with higher military and military special education for tank troops.
Documents since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Orders for the academy administrative and combat, for personnel
- 380 -
(May 1932 - 1940), orders.
Books of accounting for the commanding staff of the academy (1936 - 1937, 1939). Historical formulary of the academy (1940).
MILITARY ACADEMY OF CHEMICAL PROTECTION OF THE RKKA (former Military Chemical Academy of the Red Army)
*F.34538; 134 days; 1932 - 1940
The Military Chemical Academy of the Red Army was established in accordance with the resolution of the STO by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 039 of May 13, 1932 on the basis of the chemical department of the abolished Military Technical Academy of the Red Army and the 2nd Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 31 of May 15, 1934, she was named after K. E. Voroshilov. By order of NPO N 125 dated July 19, 1937, the Academy was renamed the Military Academy of Chemical Defense. Prepared command and engineering staff for the chemical troops.
Orders for the academy are administrative and combatant, for personnel (1938 - 1940), orders (1938, 1940).
Command book (1937, 1939, 1940). Academy Admission Correspondence (1937). Historical formulary of the academy (1936).
MILITARY AIR ACADEMY OF THE RKKA IM. N. E. ZHUKOVSKY
*F.24699; 376 d.; 1922 - 1940
The Academy was founded in 1919 and headed by N. E. Zhukovsky Aviation College, which was transformed in 1920 into the Institute of Engineers of the Red Air Fleet. It was under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR, by order of the RVSR N 1405 of July 10, 1922 it was transferred to the military department, by order of the RVSR N 2125 of September 9, 1922 it was renamed the Academy of the Air Fleet. Professor N. E. Zhukovsky, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 417 of April 17, 1925 - to the Air Force Academy of the Red Army. By order of NPO N 73 dated March 29, 1940, on the basis of a number of faculties of the academy (operational, command, navigation) and advanced training courses for command personnel, the Military Academy of Command and Navigation Staff of the Red Army Air Force was created.
She was awarded the Order of Lenin (1933).
The documents of the fund since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Orders for the academy are administrative-combatant (1922 - 1940).
Transcripts, minutes of meetings of the Council of the Academy (1936 - 1939), the State Examination Commission (1932, 1936 - 1940).
Report on the activities of the academy (1939 - 1940). Reports, materials on state tests, defense of dissertations, graduation projects (1927 - 1938), awarding academic titles (1939 - 1940).
Curricula, programs, teaching materials, meetings on training, abstracts of lectures, training courses (1931 - 1939).
Plans, reports, protocols for the discussion of research
- 381 -
Works and proposals of listeners (1932 - 1940).
Protocols of party (1922 - 1940) and Komsomol (1938 - 1940) conferences, meetings of the academy, faculties, courses.
Orders for the Military Academy for command and navigators were deposited in f.35496.
SCIENTIFIC AND TESTING INSTITUTE OF THE AIR FORCES OF THE RKKA
*F.24708; 811 d.; 1921 - 1940
By order of the RVSR N 2088 of October 7, 1920, on the basis of the scientific and technical department of the Central aerial photographic park, an aerial photogrammetric unit of the Red Air Fleet was formed with subordination to the Glavvozdukhflot. By order of the RVSR N 1317 of June 17, 1921, it was transformed into the Aerial Photogrammetric Research and Experimental Institute of the Red Air Fleet of the Republic. The task of the institute included: development of scientific and technical problems in the field of photography, photogrammetry, testing of instrument samples, relevant materials, optical systems and etc.
In July 1922, together with other scientific and experimental institutions, the Air Force was merged into the Scientific and Experimental Airfield. The latter, by order of the RVSR N 621 of October 12, 1926, was transformed into the Research and Testing Institute of the Red Army Air Force for the study and testing of aircraft, engines, weapons, and the development of their constructive improvement. Was near Moscow.
Orders, orders for the administrative and economic part and personnel (1925 - 1940), temporary commission of the Air Force in Fili (1926).
Reports, reports, information, acts on testing aircraft, aircraft engines (1921 - 1931, 1939); on state, factory, range, military and control tests of aviation equipment, weapons and instruments (1928 - 1940).
Information, correspondence about those who died during the tests and providing for their families (1940).
MILITARY TRANSPORT ACADEMY OF THE RKKA (former department of military communications, military transport faculty at the Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers)
*F.35557; 654 d.; 1932 - 1941
On the basis of the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 606 dated June 9, 1925, a department of military communications was formed (since 1931 - the military transport faculty) at the Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers. Based on the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 055 dated June 9, 1932, the formation of the Military Transport Academy of the Red Army in Moscow began on the basis of the faculty. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 88 dated May 28, 1933, she was named after L. M. Kaganovich. On February 13, 1938, by order of NPO N 019, the academy was relocated to Leningrad. In 1956 merged with
- 382 -
Military Academy of Logistics and Supply to the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport. Trained military communications service specialists.
Documents since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Orders for the academy are administrative and combatant (May 1932 - Dec. 1940), for the headquarters of the academy (Aug. 1932 - July 1935), for individual faculties (1939 - Feb. 1941), for camp collection (1933 - 1935, 1938, 1940).
Reports of the head of the academy to the People's Commissariat of Defense on the activities and state of the academy (March - Dec. 1938), a report on the participation of personnel in the Soviet-Finnish war (1940).
Transcript of the meeting of the Council of the Academy (1937), minutes of meetings of the Academic Council (January 1939 - November 1940), Scientific and Technical Council (April - September 1933).
Conclusions, reviews, correspondence on rationalization proposals (Feb. - Oct. 1934). Manuscripts of articles in the collection of works of the Academy N 2, 3 for 1939
Transcripts, protocols of party meetings, meetings of the party bureau of the academy (May 1926 - Dec. 1927, Sept. 1930 - Jan. 1932, July 1937 - May 1938); political reports of the political department (January - December 1940).
Book of accounting of the command staff of the academy (1940).
MILITARY MEDICAL ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
*F.24703; 547 d.; 1917 - 1942
Created on the basis of the Military Medical Academy of the old army; after the October Revolution, it was under double subordination - the People's Commissariat for Health and the Main Military Sanitary Directorate. Trained military doctors. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 311 of October 13, 1929, it was completely transferred to the military department. By order of the NPO N 66 dated April 14, 1935, the academy was named after S. M. Kirov. Located in Leningrad.
Academy management schemes, information on the number of students and teachers (1921).
Extracts from the minutes of the meetings of the collegium of the People's Commissariat of Health (Sept. 1918 - May 1926). Transcripts, minutes of meetings of the Council (1927 - 1931, 1937 - 1940), the qualification commission (February 1932 - July 1935) of the Academy.
Plans for the research work of the departments (1930 - 1931, 1935 -1942), programs in academic disciplines (1937). Reports on educational (1917 - 1930) and scientific (1934 - July 1940) activities, on the participation of students in the Soviet-Finnish war (April - September 1940); scientific works of students (1919 - 1930). Materials on rationalization and inventive work (March 1932
- 383 -
Dec. 1939).
Minutes of party meetings, meetings of the party bureau of the academy (Aug. 1920 - May 1931, Jan. 1936 - Dec. 1939), statistical reports on the numerical strength of party and Komsomol organizations (1938). Historical formulary of the academy (1936).
KUIBYSHEV MILITARY MEDICAL ACADEMY
*F.37386; 134 days; 1939 - 1940
Created by the decision of the Council of People's Commissars of February 1, 1939 and the order of NPO N 035 of April 3, 1939 on the basis of the Kuibyshev Medical Institute for the training of military doctors. Disbanded by order of the NPO N 0660 of September 28, 1942.
Minutes of the meetings of the Academic Council (Sept. - Dec. 1940), the State Examination Commission (February 1940).
Plans for the research work of the academy for 1940 and 1941.
Minutes of meetings at the political department (Jan. - Dec. 1940); information, reports on the course of combat and political training listeners, the political and moral state of the personnel (Sept. 1939 - Dec. 1940).
Personal files of applicants for academic titles and degrees.
Historical formulary of the academy (1939).
MILITARY VETERINARY ACADEMY OF THE RKKA (former military department at the Kazan Veterinary Institute, Military Veterinary Faculty at the Moscow Veterinary Institute, Military Veterinary Institute)
*F.39045; 27 days; 1936 - 1940
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 918 of September 12, 1925, a military department was formed at the Kazan Veterinary Institute; by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 229/43 of August 10, 1929, it was transferred to Moscow and transferred to the Moscow Veterinary Institute. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 211 of October 20, 1930, the department was deployed to the Military Veterinary Faculty at the same institute, and by order of NPO N 0164 of September 1, 1935 - to the Military Veterinary Institute. By order NPO N 201 dated November 9, 1938, the institute was transformed into the Military Veterinary Academy of the Red Army.
Minutes of the meetings of the Academic Council (1939 - 1940); reports of the educational department on the activities of the academy (Jan. 1938 - Dec. 1940), reports on scientific research work(Feb. - Dec. 1940).
- 384 -
Orders of higher political bodies (1940). Minutes of the meetings of the Party Bureau of the Academy (Dec. 1939 - Dec. 1940). Proposals for Rationalization and Invention (1940). Materials of party, Komsomol conferences (Dec. 1939 - Nov. 1940).
Historical formulary of the academy (1939).
MILITARY ECONOMIC ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
*F.24702; 283 d.; 1918 - 1925
Quartermaster's Academy of the Red Army Quartermaster's Academy of the Red Army
*F.35558; 160 days; 1936 - 1940
By order of the People's Commissariat of War N 535 of June 20, 1918, the Quartermaster's Academy of the old army was transformed into the Military Economic Academy of the Red Army with the subordination of the UVUZU. By order of the RVSR N 2126 of October 16, 1920, the academy was merged with the Higher Naval Financial School into the Economic Academy of the Red Army and the Fleet and subordinated to the Commander-in-Chief. She trained specialists of the military-economic service. Since October 1925, the academy ceased to exist due to the fact that by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 112/175 of September 5, 1924, the task of training specialists in the administrative service was entrusted to the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze, and specialists-economists, technologists - at the Institute of National Economy. G. V. Plekhanov.
In accordance with the decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, by order of NPO N 0145 of August 14, 1935, on the basis of the relevant faculties of the Military Academy. MV Frunze, the Military Economic Academy of the Red Army in Kharkov was re-established. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 18, 1939, she was named after V. M. Molotov. By order NPO N 0195 of August 24, 1940, she was subordinate to the chief quartermaster of the Red Army. By order NPO N 0353 of December 14, 1940, it was renamed the Quartermaster Academy of the Red Army.
The documents of the fund since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Minutes of meetings of the educational committee of the academy (May - Nov. 1921, Nov. 1924), faculties (1921).
Protocols of party meetings of the academy (January - February 1920, May 1922 - January 1923, 1924 - 1925), correspondence on questions of party political work (1923). Correspondence on the transfer of the academy from Moscow to Petrograd (February - June 1921).
2. Orders for the academy for personnel (Feb. 1937 - Dec. 1940), for the headquarters of the academy (Nov. 1935 - Aug. 1936), orders for the academy (1936, 1938 - 1940).
Minutes of party meetings of the academy (Sept. 1936). Reports on the activities of the party organization (1938); correspondence about the exchange of batches of documents (1938 - Jan. 1939).
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The book of accounting for the commanding staff (January - December 1939). Historical formulary of the academy (1940).
MILITARY-POLITICAL ACADEMY OF THE RED ARMY (former N. G. Tolmachev Teachers' Institute of the Red Army, Petrograd Red Army University, Petrograd Instructor Institute, Higher Military-Political Courses, Military-Political Institute of the Red Army and the Fleet, Military-Political Academy named after N. G. Tolmacheva)
*F.24695; 251 d.; 1918 - 1940
The predecessor of the academy was the Teachers' Institute, established by Order No. 1135 of November 5, 1919, to the troops of the Petrograd Military District on the basis of the propaganda courses that existed in Petrograd under the Smolny. The Institute was given the name of N. G. Tolmachev, a prominent political worker of the 7th Army, who died at the front, which was preserved during all subsequent transformations until 1938. The Institute was supposed to train teachers for Red Army schools and political enlighteners for the army. By order N 549 of April 14, 1920 to the troops of the district, the institute was transformed into the Petrograd Red Army University, and by order N 792 of March 10/12, 1921, it was renamed the Petrograd Instructor Institute and transferred to the jurisdiction of the PUR.
By order of PUR N 86 dated March 3, 1922, the institute and the Krasnoarmeisky University. 16 army (was created by order of the troops Western front N 1620 of July 5, 1920, in August 1920 included party schools 8 and 17 sd) were merged into the Higher Military-Political Courses. By order of the RVSR N 343 of February 14, 1923, the courses are transformed into the Military-Political Institute of the Red Army and the Navy with the assignment of the rights of a military academy. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 516 of May 14, 1925, the institute was transformed into the Military-Political Academy. N. G. Tolmacheva with subordination to the head of the PU of the Red Army through the head of the UVUZ. The academy was entrusted with the task of training political workers with a higher military-political education.
By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of October 31, 1934, the academy was awarded the Order of Lenin. In pursuance of the decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, by order of the NPO N 13 of January 11, 1938, it was renamed the Military-Political Academy. V. I. Lenin.
Was in Petrograd, since 1938 - in Moscow.
The documents of the fund after 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Orders for the academy are administrative and combatant (June 1920 - Dec. 1940), for the educational part (1927 - 1928).
Minutes of meetings of the Presidium of the Council of the Academy (1925 - 1928), departments of economics and history of the USSR (1924 - 1927). Curricula, programs, assignments (1927 - 1928).
Reports, reports of students about the internship in parts of the Red Army (1924 - 1925). Minutes of commissions for taking state exams from students (1939 - 1940).
Transcripts of party conferences of the academy (Dec. 1939 - Dec. 1940), protocols of party meetings (Dec. 1937 - May 1938); political reports of the heads of the academy (1939), its political department (1938 - 1939).
Historical formulary of the academy (1953).
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MILITARY LEGAL ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
*F.34735; 24 days; 1936 - 1940
By order NPO N 80 dated May 11, 1936, the Military Law Faculty of the Red Army was established at the All-Union Law Academy. From June 1, 1938, he acted as an academy. By order NPO N 47 of March 5, 1940, the faculty was reorganized into the Military Law Academy of the Red Army. Trained lawyers for the Armed Forces.
Documents since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Orders for the faculty, the academy, administrative and combatant and for personnel (June - Dec. 1940).
Protocols of party meetings (Jan. 1936 - Dec. 1940), political reports of the political department (Jan. - Oct. 1940).
Minutes of the meetings of the State Examination Commission (1938 - 1940), VAK. Curricula of the academy, courses (Dec. 1937 - Dec. 1939), correspondence department (February 1940).
Proceedings of the Military Law Academy (1940).
MILITARY INSTITUTE FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGES
*F.34726; 14 days; 1936 - 1940
By order NPO N 58 dated March 14, 1940 and the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, a military faculty was formed at the 2nd Moscow Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages as the highest military educational institution for the training of military translators-referents, teachers of foreign languages, political workers with knowledge of foreign languages. By order NPO N 0271 dated April 24, 1942, it was reorganized into the Military Institute of Foreign Languages. Located in Moscow.
Documents since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Books of orders for the military faculty of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies (July - Dec. 1940), 4 courses of military translators of the ZakVO (June 1936 - Jan. 1939), orders for the military faculty of the 2nd Moscow State Pedagogical Institute (Jan. - Dec. 1940 ).
Orders for carrying out party political work (Aug. - Dec. 1940); protocols of party meetings of the military faculty (October - December 1940), Komsomol meetings of 4 courses of military translators (May - October 1940); political reports, correspondence on party political work (Jan. 1938 - Dec. 1940).
- 387 -
THE HIGHEST MILITARY PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE RED ARMY
*F.24711; 2 days; 1940
Created by order NPO N 228 dated July 26, 1940 in Kalinin on the basis of a military-pedagogical faculty separated from the Military-Political Academy. Documents since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Orders for the institute for personnel (Sept. - Dec. 1940).
MILITARY ACADEMIC COURSES OF THE HIGHEST COMMAND AND OFFICIAL STAFF OF THE RKKA
*F.24697; 12 days; 1921 - 1924
COURSES OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE HIGHEST OFFICIAL STAFF OF THE RKKA AT THE MILITARY ACADEMY OF THE RKKA
*F.33885; 57 days; 1924
On the basis of the order of the RVSR N 1697 of August 8, 1921, Military Academic Courses for the highest command and command personnel were opened at the Military Academy of the Red Army. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 709 of June 6, 1924, they were disbanded. The same order spoke of the need to develop a new regulation and state of academic courses for senior officers.
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 1070 of August 12, 1924, the formation of advanced training courses for senior officers (KUVK) at the Military Academy of the Red Army was announced. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 490 of May 11, 1925, they were merged with the Military-Political Academic Courses (VPAK) - into the Advanced Courses for the Improvement of the Higher Commanding Staff of the Red Army at the Military Academy of the Red Army as part of the military and political departments. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 167 dated March 27, 1926, a political department was separated from their composition and the courses were named the Advanced Courses for the Higher Command of the Red Army. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 285 of September 1, 1928, they were again united in the Advanced Courses for the Higher Commanding Staff (KUVNAS). In 1930, economic and military mobilization departments were additionally formed at the courses (orders of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 043 of July 25 and N 064 of August 28, 1930). Disbanded in 1936 in connection with the creation of the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army.
Minutes of the meetings of the plenum of the VNO (January - June 1924). Curricula of courses for the preparation of students (1924 - 1928), timetables (1922 - 1923). Reports, brief historical essays on combat operations of course students (1920 - 1922). Characteristics of command personnel and listeners (1925 - 1928).
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HIGHER SHOT AND TACTICAL COURSES FOR IMPROVING INFANTRY COMMAND STRUCTURE "SHOT" (former Shooting and Tactical Institute "Shot")
*F.39438; 5 days; 1940
SHOT AND TACTICAL COURSES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE COMMAND STRUCTURE OF THE RKKA "SHOT" (former Higher Shooting and Tactical School of the Command Staff of the Red Army, Higher Shooting School for the Command Staff of the Red Army) of the Red Army, the Higher Rifle School of the Command Staff of the Red Army)
*F.25065; 106 days; 1918 - 1928
The Higher Rifle School for Command Staff was established by order of the RVSR N 245 dated November 21, 1918 in order to train middle command personnel for rifle units and units, to study and test the latest types firearms. Created in Moscow on the basis of the former Oranienbaum officer rifle school of the old army with subordination to the GUVUZ. According to the position, the school was a training and combat unit and consisted of a training department, a rifle range and a department with a supply department. The training department included courses: tactical, rifle, trench artillery with a 6 - 4-month training period. By order of the All-Glavshtab No. 49 dated January 30, 1919, the 1st Moscow School of Regimental (Trench) Artillery and Combat Technical Devices was transferred to the school as a department. By order of the RVSR N 1151 of July 18, 1919, temporary courses were organized at the school for the training of regimental commanders.
In order to strengthen the tactical training of the command staff, by order of the RVSR N1437 of June 7, 1921, the School was reorganized into the Higher Tactical and Rifle School for the Command Staff of the Red Army with an increase in the training period to 9 months. By order of the RVSR N 2293 of October 13, 1921, she was given the name of the III Comintern, and from April 24, 1923 she received the name of the Higher Tactical Rifle School for the Command Staff of the Red Army. Comintern "Shot" (order RVSR N 824). On the basis of the order of the RVSR N 1591 of July 19, 1923, pedagogical courses for teachers, district repetition courses and courses for school principals for the preparation of junior command personnel were opened at the school. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 1265 of October 9, 1924, the school was reorganized into the Shooting and Tactical Refresher Courses for the Command Staff of the Red Army. III Comintern (KUKS "Shot"). Based on the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 590 of September 27, 1926, a research department was created at the courses. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 289 of June 3, 1927, departments for the training of staff and business workers and machine gun courses were opened at the courses.
In connection with the need to expand the training of technical command personnel, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 036 of May 10, 1932, the courses were reorganized. On the basis of the research department, the Shooting and Tactical Institute "Shot" was created, the rest of the personnel applied for the formation of the Moscow Courses for the Improvement of the Command Staff of the Mechanized Troops of the Red Army. III of the Comintern According to the regulations (order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 083 of July 5, 1932), the Institute was engaged in research on the properties and methods of using various samples small arms. The structure of the Institute included an experimental research unit and a separate combined training and experimental detachment, courses for organizers of shooting training, machine gun and battalion artillery, an administrative and economic unit with a training ground.
By order of the NPO N 189 of December 9, 1935, the Institute was reorganized into the Higher tactical shooting courses for the improvement of infantry commanders "Shot" with a duration of
- 389 -
Training at 6 months.
The courses were awarded the Order of the Red Banner (1939).
Now the Higher Officer Orders of Lenin Red Banner Courses "Shot" them. Marshal Soviet Union B. M. Shaposhnikova.
Administrative orders (September 1918 - 1928, 1940), political affairs (February 1919 - April 1920), regulations and staff of the school (November 1924, January - December 1928).
Protocols of party meetings of the school and courses (February - April 1919, April - December 1920, January 1921, January - July 1922, January - March 1927), meetings of the party bureau (April - November 1920, February - Dec. 1921, June - Oct. 1940), name lists and questionnaires of members and candidate members of the CPSU (b) (1920 - 1922).
Historical form of the school (1940).
HIGHER SOVIET SCHOOL OF STAFF SERVICE OF THE COMMAND STRUCTURE OF THE RKKA (former School of Staff Service)
*F.24705; 32 days; 1919 - 1921
The School of Staff Service was established by order of the RVSR N 260 of February 11, 1919 in Moscow for the training of junior officers of the General Staff. By order of the RVSR N 1168 of June 26, 1920, it was renamed the Higher Soviet School of Staff Service of the Red Army Command Staff. By order of the RVSR N 2071 of September 20, 1921, a preparatory Course for the military academy. By order of the RVSR N 2242 of October 11, 1921, in the development of the order of the RVSR N 2071 of September 20, 1921, it was decided to remove the headquarters service school from the jurisdiction of the GUVUZ and subordinate it to the head of the Military Academy.
Orders for the school are administrative and combatant and for personnel (April 1919 - October 1921). Regulations, plans, study programs, materials on the organization of the school (May 1919 - Dec. 1921).
MILITARY SCHOOLS, COURSES AND SCHOOLS
The network of military educational institutions included, in addition to academies, courses and schools that trained middle and junior command and political personnel. At first, the main form of their mass education was accelerated command courses, the task of which, according to the regulation (Order of the People's Commissariat of War N 104 of January 28, 1918), was to train instructors for infantry, cavalry, engineering troops and machine guns, "standing on the platform of Soviet power", "development and deepening in students
- 390 -
class self-consciousness and the education of conscious fighters for the triumph of socialism. "The first military educational institution was the 1st Moscow Revolutionary Machine Gun School, which opened in December 1917. By order of the People's Commissariat of War N 130 dated February 14, 1918, 13 command courses (infantry, artillery, cavalry) were created , engineering) in the cities of Petrograd, Moscow, Oranienbaum, Tver, Kazan. Somewhat later, machine-gun, electrical, military-technical, military-railway, military-economic, pre-conscription training, military paramedical, physical development, military-pedagogical, for the training of naval officers, etc.
The management of military training was entrusted to the chief commissar of all military educational institutions, then to the Directorate (since January 1919 - the Main Directorate) of military educational institutions (GUVUZ) (order of the People's Commissariat of War N 706 of June 17, 1918), direct work on the ground carried out management of military educational institutions of military districts. In addition, command courses were created at the headquarters of fronts, armies, and some divisions.
In 1918 - 1919. schools were created: the school of military camouflage and trench artillery in Moscow, Petrograd - electrical, gymnastic and fencing, temporary district artillery schools in Moscow, Petrograd, Vyatka, Nizhny Novgorod, military automobile, Higher armored school (orders of the People's Commissar of War N 400 dated May 25 , N 793 of August 29, 1918, Vseroglavshtab N 78 of February 20, 1919, etc.). In the aviation schools of Moscow, Gatchina, and others, which remained from the old army, the flight and technical personnel of the Red Air Fleet were trained. Since 1919, the training of political workers began to be carried out at the courses created for military commissars, central and district agitation and instructor courses, courses for club and library workers. The courses were completed mainly by Red Army front-line soldiers with combat experience and education in the volume elementary school with a training period of 2 to 8 months. The main attention in the learning process was given to practical exercises. At the end of 1919, general curricula and programs were introduced, designed for a 2 - 3-month period of study in preparatory and 3-month in special classes.
During the civil war, the network of military educational institutions in all specialties expanded from 63 in January 1919 to 151 by November 1920. Schools and courses of the Red Army were considered as combat units and were used in hostilities.
With the end of the civil war, the system of military education of the middle and junior command staff began to be streamlined. By order of the RVSR N 2900 of December 31, 1920, 18 infantry, 4 cavalry, 5 artillery and three engineering courses were transformed into military training schools
- 391 -
Platoon commanders with a 3-year training period. To improve the knowledge of commanders who had combat experience, by orders of the RVSR N 409 of February 17, 1922, N 1692 of August 5, N 37 of January 6, 1923, etc., repetition departments and courses were created at schools. The district courses of political workers were transformed into military-political schools with a 3-year term of study; they trained political officers of companies (batteries). Since 1923, special departments of schools have carried out retraining of political workers.
The reduction of the army in 1921 - 1923 led to the liquidation of a number of military educational institutions. Their total number was 78 (without military academies), including 10 higher schools, 55 secondary and 13 command courses.
In connection with the increased requirements for the training of command personnel in the context of the transition to one-man command, instead of the abolished short-term courses, 6-9-month advanced training courses for command personnel of all branches of the armed forces were organized with departments of senior and middle command personnel (Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 155 of September 17, 1924) . By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 1532 of December 18, 1924, regimental schools were created with a 7-10-month training period for junior command personnel for personnel and territorial troops.
At the same time, from December 1925, retraining of the Red Army reserve officers was organized at training camps at division headquarters. Instead of the liquidated district 3-year schools for the training of political officers, at the beginning of 1927, military-political courses were created with a 10-month training period, which trained political officers from platoon commanders - communists who graduated military school and have served in this position for at least a year.
In order to speed up the training of the middle command staff for service in the ranks of the Red Army, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 207 of July 4, 1928, departments were created with a reduced training period at infantry, artillery, engineering schools and communications schools, which were recruited from among persons with secondary and higher education held military service and voluntarily wished to remain in the service in the Red Army.
The technical re-equipment of the army, which changed the principles of organization and control of combat, presented new requirements for the military-technical and operational-technical training of command personnel. The creation of specialized military educational institutions for the training of command personnel of technical troops began. At the advanced training courses organized at the military academies for the highest commanding staff, commanders and political workers were retrained. Since 1932, artillery departments were created in all infantry schools, and in some - engineering and tank departments. By this time, there were 49 land schools, 4 naval schools and 15 air force schools.
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 094 of August 21, 1933, aviation departments with a 2-year training period were created at the military schools of the Red Army. With
- 392 -
1935 - 1936 academic year, all schools switched to a 3-year term of study.
By order of the NPO N 36 of March 16, 1937, land military schools were renamed into military schools. District, corps and divisional training centers were reorganized into advanced training courses for officers of the Red Army reserve (KUKS).
The program and methodological management of land military schools was carried out by the UVUZ. In connection with its abolition and the creation instead of it of the Inspectorate of Military Educational Institutions (Order NPO N 81 dated March 26, 1938), the latter was charged with program and methodological guidance and control over educational work in military educational institutions; on issues of special training, they were subordinate to the central departments, respectively, belonging to the branches of the armed forces. By order of NPO N 104 of April 28, 1940, the UVUZ was again restored.
With the formation of the main departments of NCOs responsible for the state and combat training certain types of troops, military schools, schools and courses were transferred to the jurisdiction of the relevant departments, and the infantry and machine-gun schools, as well as the rifle-machine-gun and infantry advanced training courses for command personnel, the school of military musicians and the Central School for the Training of Headquarters Commanders remained under the jurisdiction of the UVUZ (Order NKO N 0195 of August 24, 1940).
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, there were 203 military schools and 68 advanced training courses.
The main attention in the schools was paid to the study of military equipment, methods of interaction between troops and control modern combat, combat experience of the Red Army and the armies of foreign countries.
The extermination of personnel, especially of the highest level, during mass repressions in the army sharply reduced the size of the officer corps and forced the promotion of commanders with an insufficient level of military knowledge in matters of command and control to higher positions. The use for this purpose of forms of accelerated training and retraining of command personnel did not give the desired results.
*F.25724 - 25788 and others; 1918 - 1941
School-kennels of dog breeding and pigeon breeding
*F.31867, 40470, 40713 and others; 1919 - 1941
Orders for military educational institutions are administrative-combat. Circulars of GUVUZ. Correspondence with the GUVUZ and district administrations on the organization of the work of schools and courses. Minutes of meetings of course councils, pedagogical committees, mandate, subject and economic commissions. Reports, reports of heads of universities on the activities, results of educational, combat and political training, reports on the educational and combat unit; class schedules. Books of accounting, personal lists, certification of personnel and cadets of universities, certificates for the release of students. Protocols of party and Komsomol conferences, meetings, meetings of the party bureau; reports, political reports of military commissars of schools and colleges, correspondence on political education; materials on the cleaning of party organizations of universities. Correspondence with the NKVD on the political and moral state of the personnel. Historical essays on military educational institutions.
The documents for 1918 - 1922, 1933 - 1940 are presented most fully.
One of the biggest shortcomings of our military work, I consider the lack of trained military workers who are fully versed in their subject. The training of such workers should be carried out by the Military Academy of the Red Army.
From an article by M. V. Frunze // Krasnye Zori. No. 4. 1924
The young Soviet state is very much concerned about the problem of training top-level command personnel devoted to the Bolshevik government. At that time, this problem was solved
The Military Academy of the Red Army, headed by the former Chief of Staff of the Red Army Pavel Pavlovich Lebedev - Major General of the Russian Imperial Army, who himself graduated from the Nikolaev Military Academy of the General Staff. But the young Soviet commanders who became students of the Soviet Academy after civil war, demanding and competent Lebedev was not to his liking, despite the fact that after the October Revolution P.P. Lebedev joined the Red Army, where he held the posts of chief of staff of the Eastern Front, chief of the mobilization department of the All-Russian General Staff, and from July 1919 - chief Field Headquarters and Headquarters of the Red Army.
They decided to replace the former general with the revolutionary general M.V. Frunze. This was extremely important - it was decided in the near future to staff all the main positions in the regiment - brigade - division link with graduates of the academy, who were called upon to carry out the policy of the country's leadership on the ground, that is, to act in the interests of I.V. Stalin.
But it was difficult to remove Lebedev "quietly" at that time. We decided to act consistently, with a party approach. The state of affairs at the academy was asked not by the head, but by political commissar V. D. Vilensky, who reported:
“Torn off to a large extent from the life of our highest Soviet and party bodies and weakly connected with the high command, the General Staff turned out to be practically left to a group of military specialists who, being alien to the experience of the new Red Army, could not create anything new, but tried to make the General Staff look like to the old Nikolaev Academy, of which they themselves were pupils.
It was, by revolutionary standards, an extremely negative assessment of the work of a large team, requiring the most decisive measures. Unfortunately, in Soviet period In the history of the Military Academy, these measures were, as a rule, repressive.
On August 4, 1922, the certification of full-time teachers of the Military Academy of the Red Army was carried out with brief conclusions. The Russian State Military Archive has preserved a list of those who underwent this attestation. A total of 114 people were certified, of which more than 90 people were staff officers and generals of the former tsarist army, almost all non-party people. In the attestation conclusions, there were entries like: “Kakurin Nikolai Evgenievich. Mine. Knows how to approach the audience, but a weak lecturer. Troitsky Ivan Alexandrovich. Whether it's mine, I don't know. A serious worker, but as if picky. Lukirsky Sergey Georgievich. Stranger. Huge knowledge. We don't like listeners." Kazachenkov Alexander Mikhailovich. Stranger. He only knows his stuff." Gorev Boris Isakovich. Budenovets. Good. Almost communist.
Even more brutal was the “purge” among the listeners. N. V. Medvedev, who studied at the Academy in 1921–1924, later wrote:
“... 672 students of the Academy were checked, 366 students were excluded - more than 50%. In our junior year, out of 180 students, 73 were expelled. The reasons for exclusion from the Academy were: lack of team experience, unsuitability for staff work, groundless self-confidence in their knowledge, the presence of adventurism and poor general education.”
On September 8, 1922, by order of the RVSR, a special commission was created, which included A. A. Andreev, A. S. Bubnov, K. E. Voroshilov, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, V. V. Kuibyshev. The chairman of the commission was V. M. Molotov. The commission was faced with the task of reducing the personnel of the Academy, primarily at the expense of politically unreliable students, and also because of the unsuitability of individuals for staff work, their poor general education and the lack of a year of command or commissar experience in combat units of the Red Army.
The “purge” affected both variable and permanent composition. Of the 734 students who studied at the Academy, 260 (35%) were expelled “as unworthy to be within the walls of the Academy due to their political and moral state. As a result, it was possible to largely get rid of representatives of the intelligentsia and officers of the former tsarist army, which was a decisive step in turning the Academy into a workers' and peasants' academy.
No less harsh was the “purge” among the teaching staff, who, according to the political commissar of the Academy R. A. Muklevich, “… treated current events as a political castrato. As a result, a wall grew between the revolutionary students and the professors. The teachers went into the background, went into themselves. And in the mass of listeners, the conviction was brewing that the professorship was an extra growth that could be tolerated until the first graduation of the red general staff officers, after which, having appointed their own, it would be possible to turn both strategy and tactics upside down.
The reduction of teachers was carried out on the basis of the characteristics given to them by students. In three sessions, the commission “weeded out” over 50% of the teachers. At the same time, an attempt was made to appoint communist graduates who had left. As a result of the work of the commission, 9.3% of the communists were expelled from the ranks of the party, 3% were transferred from party members to candidates. Thus, in two years, the party organization of the Academy lost about 25% of its membership.
On April 19, 1924, Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, Chief of Staff of the Red Army M.V. Frunze was appointed head of the Military Academy of the Red Army concurrently. He stayed in this post for only eight months, before taking on January 26, 1925, the post of People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. True, after the death of M. V. Frunze, the Academy bore his name for more than 70 years, under which it was known to the whole world.
By that time, the academy had been transferred to a building located on 19 Kropotkin Street. It was an old building, made in a classical style. The useful areas of this building were much larger than those of the previous one, but also insufficient for the Academy. They huddled in small rooms, lectures were given in several halls, in the corridors, in the lobby.
Today it is difficult to judge how outstanding was the contribution of M. V. Frunze to the history of the Military Academy of the Red Army. Of course, Mikhail Vasilyevich was a prominent Soviet military leader. But behind him were the gymnasium and several months of study at the university, and then the revolutionary struggle, prisons, hard labor, the underground. On occasion, he studied, even mastered foreign languages. But this knowledge cannot be called systemic education.
During the time of commanding the troops during the Civil War, he went from the chief of police in Minsk to the commander of the front. The troops led by him won a number of brilliant victories in this non-classical war. Then - the command of the troops of Ukraine and Crimea. A fast and brilliant career on a revolutionary wave. To go through all these positions does not mean to comprehend them. And the Academy had to teach others.
M. V. Frunze, for his combat practice, realized how important the experience of military specialists, who were always with him. Therefore, when organizing the educational process Special attention he devoted to combining the experience of old and young teaching staff. He resolutely opposed the biased attitude of some students towards the teaching staff, towards old military specialists. Mikhail Vasilievich wrote: “To solve the problem of processing old experience on our own, without the help of old specialists in military affairs, not only young academicians are not ready, but we all as a whole, without any exception. It is necessary to go hand in hand with the composition of the General Staff remaining from the old army, widely using its knowledge and striving to digest in our red cauldron all those elements of it that honestly and sincerely, without any reservations and reservations (and there are many of them) are working to strengthen the power of the Soviet Union".
The merit of M. V. Frunze is also that he gave a correct assessment of the significance of studying the combat experience of the Civil War at the Military Academy of the Red Army. There were still heated debates and discussions on this issue, especially in the classroom. He explained that there were two mistakes in understanding this experience: its underestimation by old military specialists and its overestimation by young military workers. MV Frunze pointed out that people who deny the experience of the Civil War are much less close to the truth than those who attach exaggerated significance to it. Therefore, the program for studying the Civil War was increased at the Military Academy of the Red Army, and work was expanded to study its experience.
At the same time, the new head of the academy believed that one should not limit oneself to the experience of the Civil War. He understood that the process of technical re-equipment of the army would inevitably lead to a change in the methods of armed struggle, for which it was necessary to prepare military personnel in advance.
On the initiative of M. V. Frunze and with his direct participation in the 1924/25 academic year, a new faculty of supply was created at the Military Academy of the Red Army. S. N. Krasilnikov was appointed its head. This faculty, with a short break, existed for 12 years, preparing rear workers for the Red Army. 22 people were admitted to the 1st year of the Faculty of Supply, and in total it trained more than 300 people.
The content of the curriculum, the order of its study and the structure of the training courses of the Military Academy were specified. The previously adopted order was recognized as irrational, in which the entire curriculum was studied in the first (junior) and second (senior) courses, and in the additional students only developed four diploma topics. With this order, the students of the first and second courses experienced a great overload, and the sequence in working out the questions of the curriculum was also violated. Now the additional course has been transformed into the third course of the main faculty. The study of curriculum issues was evenly distributed among the three courses. In the first year, the tactics of the armed forces were studied, in the second - general tactics, in the third - the disciplines of the course of strategy. In accordance with this, educational subjects of other cycles were grouped, the content of which was limited to a minimum of questions that a combined arms commander should know.
A new, very important phenomenon in the educational process was the separation of operational art from the field of strategy. Instead of the formula "strategy - tactics" that prevailed until the beginning of the 1920s, a new one is introduced - "strategy - operational art - tactics". For the development and teaching of a new discipline (operational art) in 1924, the Department of Conducting Operations was created. The separation of operational art into an independent discipline contributed to a deeper study of the entire complex of issues of preparing and conducting operations. In this regard, the specific weight of academic disciplines was specified. The main subjects now became strategy, operational art, tactics, socio-economic disciplines, the history of wars and military art, foreign languages.
The requirements for teachers and students in relation to the quality of the implementation of educational tasks have increased. The ratio between theoretical and applied (practical) courses of study has changed. If in the first post-war years the emphasis in training was on lectures and seminars, then with the arrival of M. V. Frunze at the Military Academy of the Red Army, students began to be more often involved in field trips and in performing various practical tasks in group classes and military training.
The methods of conducting classes are being improved. The so-called laboratory teaching methodology is being widely introduced, the essence of which was that the students received a monthly assignment, which indicated the topics of all disciplines, the number of hours for each topic, the questions worked out in class with the teacher and independently, and the methods for working them out, and as well as deadlines. At the end of the month, the student reported on the mastered educational material, representing specific records. The role of self-training has increased. In the first year, for example, the student's weekly workload was 36 study hours spent on working out educational topics under the guidance of a teacher, and 36 hours of independent work; in the second year - respectively 30 and 42 hours. Students got the opportunity to study the educational material in more depth and acquire skills in military research work. Control for independent work listeners was carried out by holding seminars, conferences and practical classes. All this contributed to the development of active thinking and a creative approach to the assimilation of issues of military art among the listeners.
There was a reorganization of the Higher Academic Courses created at the Military Academy of the Red Army back in 1921. The courses were served by the teachers of the academy, but were not part of it. From now on, these courses, designed for 9 months of training, were included in the Military Academy of the Red Army. From now on, they were called "Courses for the improvement of senior officers" (KUVK).
In 1924, the Higher Military-Political Academic Courses (VPAK) were also created at the Military Academy of the Red Army. In 1926 they were transferred to the Military-Political Academy.
Under the leadership of M.V. Frunze, in 1924, the first war game. In the course of it, questions of command and control of troops in an oncoming battle were worked out. War games were then held regularly, usually at the end of the school year. They made it possible to explore new operational-tactical issues and draw conclusions on them, which were used in the educational process and in the development of works.
At this time, the Military Academy of the Red Army was deployed scientific work. Previously published works, manuals and materials were updated and new ones were developed on all academic subjects. Among them, the works on general tactics by N. P. Sapozhnikov and S. G. Lukirsky, on the tactics of infantry - A. G. Lignau, cavalry - V. N. Gotovsky, artillery - A. D. Syromyatnikov and E. K. Smyslovsky, in armored tactics - P.D. Gladkov, in military engineering - D.M. Karbyshev, in aviation - V.V. Military history was covered in the works of K. P. Nevezhin, N. E. Kakurin, A. A. Snesarev.
The course "Service of the General Staff" was revised, which was of great importance in improving the staff training of students. The academic course of the staff service at that time contained only general and already largely outdated views on the work of the General Staff, which had developed in the old Russian army by the beginning of the First World War. The Red Army needed a new theory of staff service. The first step towards its creation was the publication in 1924 of the works of N. E. Varfolomeev “Technique of Staff Service” and “Operational Documents of Military Headquarters”. In them for the first time, taking into account experience past wars the organization, content and methods of work of the combined arms headquarters in war time. The works served as the basis for improving the staff training of students. Many of their provisions were then taken into account when writing the first Manual on the field service of the headquarters of the Red Army, published in 1926.
Thanks to the efforts of M. V. Frunze, scientific work at the Military Academy of the Red Army acquired a more concrete and purposeful character. Great importance was attached to studying the experience of past wars, especially the experience of directing the combat operations of fronts and armies, and developing on this basis a new branch of military science - operational art. In 1925, under the leadership of M. V. Frunze, the team of the newly created Department of Operations, consisting of N. E. Varfolomeev, A. N. Lapchinsky, N. P. Sapozhnikov, N. N. Schwartz and others created the work “ Conducting operations. The work of command and field control. It was the first to set out views on the conduct of operations using the forces and means that the Red Army then had at its disposal; the goal of the operation was clearly formulated - to crush and completely defeat the enemy's manpower, the method of action was indicated - a continuous offensive, turning into a long operational pursuit, without pauses and stops. The offensive was presented as a series of successive operations, each of which was an intermediate link on the way to achieving the ultimate goal. The efforts of the scientists of the Academy were not in vain. Their research, individual scientific calculations and conclusions served as the basis for the development of new regulations published in 1924–1926, in particular the Provisional Field Regulations of the Red Army.
To replenish the ranks of Soviet military scientists from among former students in February 1924, an adjuncture was created at the Military Academy of the Red Army. Among the first adjuncts were S. I. Ventsov, A. M. Volpe, G. D. Gai, V. A. Melikov, R. S. Ziffer, who later became prominent military scientists and teachers.
A special area of activity of M. V. Frunze as head of the Military Academy of the Red Army was to reduce the number and change the social and party affiliation of the bulk of the student body, most of which had previously been drawn from among the officers of the former tsarist army. In order to train commanders from representatives of workers and peasants, the requirements for the level of general education entered the Military Academy. One-year preparatory groups were created for the preliminary preparation of these persons for study.
In the Soviet period, special attention was paid to the activities of M.V. Frunze, special studies were carried out on this topic. Therefore, much that was done before was attributed to Mikhail Vasilyevich. Of course, the role of M.V. Frunze in the Soviet military history undeniable. It is significant in the history of the Military Academy of the Red Army, but not outstanding. It must be understood that in connection with the performance of other responsible positions, M.V. Frunze was physically unable to devote a lot of time to the Military Academy of the Red Army. True, in Soviet times researchers of the life and work of M. V. Frunze will write something completely different.
Photo - yuri.sedunov 09.2011.
Ministry of Trade and Industry Neoclassicism
Memory arch. (federal)
Exchange line VO, 3 - nab. Makarova, 8
see residential outbuilding - emb. Makarova, 8 lit. BUT
(1942-..) -
Old Gostiny Dvor(1720s) ( not saved.)
Buildings of the Ministry of Trade and Industry
1914-1915 - arch. Peretyatkovich Marian Marianovich
The building of the Council of the National Economy of the Northern Region
Military-Political Academy. N. G. Tolmacheva
Military Academy of Logistics and Transport
Military Academy of Logistics. Army General A.V. Khruleva
The building was built on the site of the Old Gostiny Dvor, erected in the 1720s. according to the project of arch. D. Trezzini (current address - Makarova embankment 6.8 - Tiflisskaya st., 1), and demolished in connection with the construction of the building of the Ministry of Trade and Industry
This unpreserved building was one of the largest works of the first architect of St. Petersburg, the main trade and warehouse institution of the region. A fragment along Tiflis Street has been preserved - only the arched windows of the two-story building remind of the former arcades.
The massive five-story building was erected in 1914-1915. according to the project of arch. M. M. Peretyatkovich for the Ministry of Trade and Industry.
After the establishment of the power of the Soviets, the building of the Ministry was transferred to the disposal of the Council of the National Economy of the Northern Region.
Then it housed the Military-Political Academy. N. G. Tolmacheva.
Now - the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport.
Military Academy of Logistics. Army General A.V. Khruleva
Federal State Treasury Military educational institution higher professional education "Military Academy of Logistics named after General of the Army A. V. Khrulev" of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation has come a long and glorious path of its formation and development.
It traces its history back to March 31, 1900, when in the capital of Russia - St. Petersburg, for the first time in the world, a special military educational institution for the rear - the "Quartermaster's Course" was created to train officers and officials of the quartermaster department.
In 1906, the Quartermaster's course was equated with a higher military educational institution, increasing the training period to 3 years.
In 1911, the Quartermaster's course was transformed into the Quartermaster's Academy.
After the revolution, the Quartermaster's Academy on March 15, 1918 was reorganized into the Military Economic Academy of the Red Army, and from October 1920 it was merged with the Higher Naval Financial and Economic School into one higher educational institution and became known as the Military Economic Academy of the Red Army and the RKKF.
In 1924-25. The Military Economic Academy was reorganized. Its faculties were transferred to other educational institutions.
However, such a decentralized training of officers in the rear and transport did not justify itself.
Therefore, the Military Transport Academy was created in 1932 in Moscow and the Military Economic Academy was restored in Kharkov in 1935.
Since 1942, the academy became known as the Military Academy of Logistics and Supply.
In the post-war period, an urgent need emerged to organize a comprehensive training of logistics and transport officers in a single multidisciplinary university.
Since June 1, 1956, the Military Academy of Logistics and Supply and the Military Transport Academy have been merged into a single Military Academy of Logistics and Transport.
Since September 1999, the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport has been training cadets with full military special training, and since September 2010 with secondary military special training.
By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 1577 dated June 21, 2012, the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport was renamed the Military Academy of Logistics.
At present, the Military Logistics Academy is the leading educational, scientific and methodological center for the logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, it trains highly qualified officers, cadets - logistics specialists for all types and branches of the troops of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, as well as for other federal executive bodies in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military service.
The Academy currently has a head university
Military Logistics Academy,
institutes and branches:
- Military Institute (engineering and technical);
- Military Institute (Railway Troops and Military Communications);
- Volsky branch of the Military Academy of Logistics;
- Omsk branch of the Military Academy of Logistics;
- Penza branch of the Military Academy of Logistics.
(website of the Academy, Mary)
Military Academy of Logistics and Transport
It prepares command and engineering personnel for all the main specialties of logistics and transport, conducts scientific research on logistics support problems.
The academy's predecessors were the Institute of the Corps of Railway Engineers (founded in 1810) and the Quartermaster's Course of the Russian Army (founded in 1900), which were transformed in 1911 into the Quartermaster's Academy. In this academy, students received training in the field of quartermaster supplies.
After the October Revolution, in 1918 the academy was transferred to Moscow and reorganized into the Military Economic Academy of the Red Army (since 1920, the Military Economic Academy of the Red Army and the RKKF). In 1921 it was transferred to Petrograd, in 1924 it was disbanded. Recreated in 1935 in Kharkov, since 1940 - Quartermaster's Academy of the Red Army, since 1942 - Military Academy of Logistics and Supply. In 1943-1956 it was located in Kalinin, from 1956 - in Leningrad, where it was merged with the Military Transport Academy (established in 1932 in Moscow, since 1938 in Leningrad).
During the Second World War, graduates of the academy showed themselves to be skillful organizers of the rear. Awarded the Order of Lenin (1968).
Fund: 35557
Case: 654
Date: 1932 - 1941
On the basis of the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 606 dated June 9, 1925, a department of military communications was formed (since 1931 - the military transport faculty) at the Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers. Based on the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 055 dated June 9, 1932, the formation of the Military Transport Academy of the Red Army in Moscow began on the basis of the faculty. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR N 88 dated May 28, 1933, she was named after L. M. Kaganovich. On February 13, 1938, by order of NPO N 019, the academy was relocated to Leningrad. In 1956 merged with
Military Academy of Logistics and Supply to the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport. Trained military communications service specialists.
Documents since 1941 are stored in the TsAMO of the USSR.
Orders for the academy are administrative and combatant (May 1932 - Dec. 1940), for the headquarters of the academy (Aug. 1932 - July 1935), for individual faculties (1939 - Feb. 1941), for camp collection (1933 - 1935, 1938, 1940).
Reports of the head of the academy to the People's Commissariat of Defense on the activities and state of the academy (March - Dec. 1938), a report on the participation of personnel in the Soviet-Finnish war (1940).
Transcript of the meeting of the Council of the Academy (1937), minutes of meetings of the Academic Council (January 1939 - November 1940), Scientific and Technical Council (April - September 1933).
Conclusions, reviews, correspondence on rationalization proposals (Feb. - Oct. 1934). Manuscripts of articles in the collection of works of the Academy N 2, 3 for 1939
Transcripts, protocols of party meetings, meetings of the party bureau of the academy (May 1926 - Dec. 1927, Sept. 1930 - Jan. 1932, July 1937 - May 1938); political reports of the political department (January - December 1940).
Book of accounting of the command staff of the academy (1940).
Historical formulary of the academy (1939).
