Analysis of economic development of the Khabarovsk region. "Development of SMEs in the Khabarovsk Territory"

Rosstat has published fresh data, which shows that the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory is falling. Compared to last year, the industrial production index in the region decreased by one percent. They also decrease real income population. What is the reason, explained the Khabarovsk economist.

The decline affected most key indicators. Mining (98.4%), manufacturing (99.5%). There is room for positivity - construction volumes have increased (111.8%), but they are very far from the indicators of the Primorsky Territory (117.44%) and especially the Magadan Region (179%).

What is this related to? This requires analysis, but I can impromptu name two factors that may play a role here. The first is a reduction in government funding. Investments are sorely lacking. The second is a diversified economy. It is the most modern, but for the Khabarovsk Territory it is ineffective, because processing industries are unprofitable. The only way out is to look for new large projects for the region, explained Vadim Zausaev, Doctor of Economic Sciences.

These could be the construction of a crossing to Sakhalin, the second stage of the BAM, the development of the zeolite industry, and so on. In the meantime, the region is acutely lacking in investment, which is leading to economic decline. Along with Buryatia, the Khabarovsk Territory became the only region in the Far East where real incomes of the population decreased (98.4% compared to the first half of 2018).

How can this be explained? Implementation of large projects. We practically don't have any. Government investment also plays a role. If they are directed to the construction of large projects, then this, of course, affects the dynamics wages. IN Amur region For example, petrochemical and oil and gas complexes are being built. Can you imagine what kind of money this is? There are investments of half a trillion rubles. The tourism industry is developing very powerfully in the Primorsky Territory, commented Vadim Zausaev.

But there is also good news. A week ago it was announced that one of the methanol production facilities would be built in the Khabarovsk Territory. The Chinese company Sherwood Energy entered into an agreement with the Agency Far East an agreement on the implementation of a project for processing gas from Yakut fields, the cost of which is 740 billion rubles; 40 billion will be spent on creating infrastructure in the village of Ayan.

The first large high-tech project will appear on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk - this is very exciting. Of course, this is the north, harsh climatic conditions, but technologically it is possible. The shoulder to Ayan is very short. Add to this the prospects of the Tugur tidal power plant with cheap electricity, which you can connect to. It could turn out to be a great project that looks comparable to the construction of the crossing to Sakhalin, added Vadim Zausaev.

Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest regions of the Far East (788 thousand sq. km), whose population is 1.4 million people. The leading sectors of the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory are industry (over 20 percent), transport and communications (about 20 percent), trade and construction. The main sectors of industrial specialization are the fuel and energy complex (25 percent), the mechanical engineering complex (about 20 percent), mining (about 13 percent), metallurgical production (about 12 percent), logging and woodworking (over 12 percent), food production products (about 10 percent).

Like most subjects Russian Federation, located on the territory of the Far East and the Baikal region, the Khabarovsk Territory is internally heterogeneous. The overwhelming majority of the socio-economic and demographic potential lies in the Amur Valley, beyond which there is a sparse network of settlements and economic centers along the coast and pockets of development in the interior mountainous regions. There are zones of rapid economic growth of various specializations, such as the Khabarovsk and Komsomol agglomerations, the Urgal fuel and energy zone, located in the Baikal-Amur Mainline zone (in the western mountainous part of the Khabarovsk Territory), and the coastal port-industrial zone located in the southeast of the region .

The Khabarovsk agglomeration includes the city of Khabarovsk and most of the settlements of the Khabarovsk region. Prospects for the development of the Khabarovsk agglomeration are associated with the formation of a multidisciplinary Khabarovsk scientific, educational and financial-industrial complex.

As part of the development of the Khabarovsk agglomeration, it is planned to form a single transport and logistics hub, an industrial and business center with a developed production and service sector, among which education, healthcare, tourism, commercialization of scientific and innovative developments will be of great importance.

The promising specializations of the Khabarovsk agglomeration include the development of oil refining, production food products, construction industry products, electrical products, furniture, machinery and equipment. It is planned to develop innovation-conducting infrastructure, education, healthcare, culture and sports services. The industrial profile of the economy of the Khabarovsk agglomeration will remain in the medium and long term, which determines the need to create technology innovation zones. A transport and logistics complex of all-Russian significance will be formed in the agglomeration.

The center of the Komsomol agglomeration is the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The Komsomol agglomeration also includes the city of Amursk and the Komsomolsky, Solnechny and Amursky districts. The Komsomolskaya agglomeration is the largest industrial hub in the district (aircraft manufacturing, shipbuilding, ammunition production, oil refining, metallurgical production, mining of non-ferrous metal ores and timber processing). Science is actively developing ( Technical University, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy sciences), institutions higher education, design and engineering institutions.

The defense-industrial complex, which has the most modern technologies, will continue to play a decisive role in industrial production. Enterprises envisage the sale of large investment projects to create high-tech products, produce new competitive products for military, dual and civilian use. Serial production projects are planned for implementation aviation complexes Su-35 (generation 4++), development and construction of the fifth generation fighter, medium-haul airliners "Sukhoi Super Jet - 100".

In shipbuilding, in addition to defense issues, civil shipbuilding and the construction of structures for offshore oil and gas platforms will be developed.

On the basis of the oil refinery operating in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, a petrochemical complex will be built; in Amursk it is planned to organize cellulose production, implement a number of projects for wood processing and production building materials. A hydrometallurgical plant will be built to produce a gold-containing alloy (dore alloy).

In the zone of influence of the Komsomolsk agglomeration, there are tin deposits that are promising for development, including Pravourmiyskoye and Sobolinoye, which are of national importance in terms of metal reserves.

The Urgal fuel and energy zone specializes in the production and export of electricity, coal and gold mining, and timber processing. The Urgal zone of rapid growth is another growth area on the Baikal-Amur Mainline (Verkhnebureinsky district of the Khabarovsk Territory). There are favorable conditions here for the construction of a large Urgal fuel and energy complex, the construction of which in the area of ​​the Baikal-Amur Mainline is based on the possibility of compact placement of a group of high-performance fuel and energy facilities. In addition to electricity production and coal mining, mining and primary processing of gold and tin ores will be developed in the Urgal zone.

Reducing the risks of implementing investment projects and developing the Urgal fuel and energy zone as a whole is possible in the case of an integrated approach to the construction of infrastructure, including transport, allowing the Urgal zone to integrate into supporting infrastructure networks.

Coastal port-industrial zone of advanced economic development will be formed on the basis of the Vanino-Sovetskogavan transport and industrial hub, which includes a port special economic zone based on the port of Sovetskaya Gavan and the port of De-Kastri. It will be developed through the construction of new marine transshipment terminals and the formation of aqua-territorial (sea-industrial) complexes based on promising transport and logistics hubs, timber, fisheries and linear-focal settlement systems mainly on the sea coast and adjacent areas, complemented by continental transport and energy infrastructure . The implementation of investment projects to increase port capacity in the Khabarovsk Territory will contribute to the development of the port of Vanino, which will significantly increase the volume of annual cargo handling iron ore, oil and petroleum products, alumina, timber, containers and other cargo, will lead to the creation of new jobs.

The project to create a large transport and industrial hub in Vanino and Muchke bays, Sovetskaya Gavan Bay is based on the development and development of the rich natural resources of the Baikal-Amur Mainline zone, including the Neryungrinskoye and Elninskoye fields in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kuranakh, Bolshoy Seyim and Garinskoye in the Amur Region, the Kimkansko-Sutarskoye field in the Jewish Autonomous Region, as well as the Kuzbass fields, which will ensure the formation of significant export cargo flows in the direction of the sea ports of the Khabarovsk Territory. Projects for the construction of port complexes will make it possible to predict the development of the port capacity of the Vanino-Sovetskogavan transport and industrial hub to 80 - 100 million tons by 2025. The large-scale development of port facilities will contribute to the successful implementation of large field development projects both in the area of ​​the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Mainline, which gives the Vanino-Sovetskogavan transport and industrial hub the status of national significance.

The formation of a transport and industrial hub will continue in the port of De-Kastri, the prospects of which are associated with the further development of oil export terminals, the implementation of transport projects, and the construction of wood processing enterprises. The implementation of large infrastructure projects in the zone (construction of roads and railways) will give a significant impetus to the socio-economic development of the coastal zone of the Khabarovsk Territory and will provide all-season access to the use of natural resources in the northeastern part of the region. Infrastructure development will be an additional incentive for the exploration and development of deposits, increasing their economic value, including in the more northern regions - Tuguro-Chumigansky (taking into account the development of tidal power generation of inter-regional importance) and Ayano-Maisky. The project will reduce transport costs to ensure northern deliveries and increase the living comfort of the population. The construction of the railway line will increase the competitiveness of locally produced products and will contribute to the development of specialized industries, in particular the timber industry, and improve the quality of life of the local population.

The uneven distribution of the population on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory is due to the significant extent of the territory, the increased remoteness of rural settlements from the regional and district centers, and their inaccessibility. A characteristic feature is the presence of two major centers resettlement - Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The formation of agglomeration forms of settlement is one of the strategic priorities for the development of the region. At present, the Khabarovsk agglomeration is singled out conditionally, since in fact a group system of populated areas in the immediate vicinity of the capital of the Far East has not developed. Total number The population in this territory exceeds 600 thousand people. For the Khabarovsk agglomeration, the main principle of strategic spatial development will be the development of suburban functions (residential, industrial and innovative) within the zone adjacent to the city in 2 main directions: to the west and southeast along the state border of the Russian Federation. The strategic direction of the spatial development of the agglomeration of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Amursk, Solnechny is the infrastructural, economic and sociocultural integration of its individual parts. In conditions of relative autonomy of the agglomeration (distance from other settlement centers of the Far East), strengthening its role in the region’s settlement system is formed on the basis of the creation within the agglomeration of a unified communications system that simultaneously provides production and social functions.

The basis of the transport complex of the Khabarovsk Territory is a developed railway network, which includes the Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur Mainlines, connected by the meridional railway lines Volochaevka - Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Izvestkovaya - Chegdomyn. The Trans-Siberian Railway connects the Russian railway network with the sea ports of the Primorsky Territory, and the Baikal-Amur Railway connects with the sea ports of Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan.

The development of railway infrastructure of regional and local importance is expected through the construction of the planned Selikhin - Nysh railway line, the Postyshevo - Tugur railway line to the Tugur tidal power station.

A network of airports and air lines will be developed. A project will be implemented to create an international hub airport on the basis of Khabarovsk (Novy) airport, which, taking into account the development of the feeder network of regional local airlines, will improve the efficiency of servicing transfer and domestic passenger flows. First of all, the airport complexes of Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Okhotsk, Chumikan, Bogorodsk and Sovetskaya Gavan will be reconstructed. It is planned to create a Khabarovsk enlarged air traffic management center.

The development of the core transport network in the region will be complemented by the formation of a regional road network. The highways Selikino - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Berezovy - Amgun - Mogdy - Chegdomyn, Ayan - Nelkan - Yugorenok (border of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)), Selikino - Gurskoye - Kenada - Vanino, will be built and reconstructed. Polina Osipenko - Chumikan - Ayan, passing through the northern regions of the Khabarovsk Territory and providing northern delivery.

Federal highways Khabarovsk - Vladivostok, Khabarovsk - Nakhodka and Khabarovsk - Lidoga - Vanino with access to the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur provide access to the Russian highway network to seaports Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories and are a continuation of the federal highway Chita - Khabarovsk.

Construction of the second stage of the road part of the combined railway-automobile bridge crossing over the river. Amur near Khabarovsk will strengthen the road connection of the road network of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories with the federal highway Chita - Khabarovsk.

It is planned to create a permanent cargo and passenger checkpoint Khabarovsk (Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island) - Fuyuan on the Russian-Chinese state border and to build a road bridge across the Amurskaya Channel, which will expand foreign economic relations with the northern provinces of China and send cargo to the ports of Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan, as well as in a western direction.

In the river basin Amur will develop inland water transport with the restoration of passenger traffic on previously closed lines.

The comprehensive development of the transport system will allow for the creation and integration of logistics systems at all levels, which will ensure the necessary development of the commodity distribution infrastructure of the Khabarovsk Territory.

One of the priority areas for energy development in the Khabarovsk Territory is to ensure reliable energy supply to the economy and population of the region. In the regional center, Khabarovsk CHPP-3 will be expanded, Khabarovsk CCGT-450 will be built, electrical grid construction of high-voltage power lines (220 kV) will be carried out: Khabarovsk CHPP-3 - Khekhtsir, Khabarovsk CCGT - Khekhtsir, Khabarovsk CHPP-3 - Amur and substations (220 kV) Amur with entrances to high-voltage power lines (220 kV). In order to develop the power grids of Khabarovsk, the distribution power networks (35 kV) in the central part of Khabarovsk will be reconstructed and transferred to a voltage of 110 kV.

The development of the Sovetskogavan energy district is important for the implementation of the project to create the Vanino-Sovetskogavan transport and industrial hub. As part of the development of the electric power infrastructure, the construction of a thermal power plant in the city of Sovetskaya Gavan and a high-voltage power transmission line (220 kV) Komsomolskaya - Sovetskaya Gavan will be implemented. The development of energy infrastructure will increase reliability and ensure an increase in electricity consumption in the port area.

The increase in electricity consumption in connection with the development of industry in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Amursk will be achieved through the expansion of Komsomolskaya CHPP-3 and the construction of a combined cycle plant with a capacity of 180 MW at the Amurskaya CHPP.

Of great importance for increasing the efficiency and reliability of energy supply to consumers in the Khabarovsk Territory is the connection of the Nikolaev energy hub to the region's energy system through the construction of a high-voltage power transmission line (220 kV) Selikino - Nysh (Selikhino - Nikolaevskaya section) with a cable crossing across the river. Amur with substations (220 kV) Yagodny, Zimmermanovka, De-Kastri and Cape Lazarev.

The implementation of the project for the construction of the Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok gas transmission system in the Khabarovsk Territory will improve the reliability of gas supply and ensure the projected increase in the demand for natural gas among consumers in the region.

Taking into account the existing production base and plans for the development of the Vanino-Sovetskogavan transport and industrial hub, it is necessary to develop in the region the production of products for the oil and gas industry in order to use them in the implementation of the eastern gas program (drilling platforms, various classes of vessels, including methane carriers and semi-submersible drilling ships, icebreaking vessels and so on).

A stable, dynamically developing education system with long-standing traditions has been formed in the Khabarovsk Territory. It is represented by 1078 institutions of all types and types, including 999 institutions of the system general education and 79 vocational education institutions. The educational complex of the Khabarovsk Territory represents all levels, types and forms of education. This allows us to provide the population wide range educational services.

The further development of the education system in the Khabarovsk Territory will be associated with ensuring the possibility of obtaining vocational education that meets the professional and qualification requirements in the labor market, as a condition for a high standard of living.

The Khabarovsk Territory has one of the lowest rates of enrollment of children in preschool education in the Far East. Until 2025, it is planned to build new kindergartens in cities, especially in Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, as well as Sovetskogavansky and Ulchsky municipal districts. Due to the high demand, additional groups will be opened in preschool educational institutions in almost all municipalities of the region. This will ensure not only accessibility preschool education regardless of the place of residence and social status of families, but also improving its quality due to the species diversity of preschool educational institutions, development of additional education services, as well as through the maintenance educational programs each preschool educational institution.

The main direction of development of general education is the formation of an optimal network of basic schools with branches and the development of specialized training. In the Khabarovsk Territory, planned work is being carried out to replace school buildings with a high degree of wear and tear with modern ones. The greatest need for investment in the construction and reconstruction of new schools is experienced by Largest cities territories - Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, as well as Vaninsky, Ulchsky and Khabarovsk districts. It is planned to build a regional education center for 1000 student places with a kindergarten in Khabarovsk.

In the remote northern regions of the Khabarovsk Territory, due to climatic conditions and the isolation of settlements, such forms of education as external studies, family, distance and individual learning will be used.

One of the factors in the innovative development of the Khabarovsk Territory is the development of primary and secondary vocational education through attracting educational establishments youth from other constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the Far Eastern Federal District, from the countries of North-East and Southeast Asia, as well as the use of existing scientific potential to strengthen the innovative component of regional production.

On the basis of institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, it is necessary to form comprehensive training centers for professional qualifications with a specialization in training personnel for mechanical engineering and metalworking, the timber industry, and the mining industry.

The healthcare system in the Khabarovsk Territory is one of the most developed in the Far East.

The key directions for the development of the Khabarovsk Territory healthcare system are reducing mortality, primarily from diseases of the circulatory system (from 775.3 cases to 600 - 630 cases per 100 thousand people), from accidents, poisonings and injuries (from 239 to 100 - 150 cases per 100 thousand people). The strategic target is to increase the proportion of children belonging to health group I to a level of at least 40 percent. In addition, it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the rate of primary disability of children from 26.5 to 20 per 10 thousand children, reducing the mortality rate of the working-age population from preventable causes from 837 people in 2007 to 600 people in 2025 per 100 thousand population .

Solving these problems will require the Khabarovsk Territory to create a highly organized healthcare system equipped with the latest medical technologies and highly professional personnel. Increasing the availability of modern medical technologies will be achieved by expanding the practice of free provision of existing types of high-tech care, increasing the scale of innovative activities for the development of new medical technologies, which will lead to an increase in the level of satisfaction of the population's need for high-tech care from 10 - 20 percent to 70 - 80 percent .

An important role in the development of healthcare in the region will be played by improving the professional level of doctors and nursing staff, their constant retraining and mastering of advanced foreign and Russian medical technologies, as well as ensuring that the provision of medical care to the population meets the requirements of medical standards.

In order to increase the adaptability of the Khabarovsk Territory's healthcare system to changes in the demographic structure of the population, the activities of the pediatric service will be improved, and the development of the institute of general practitioners will continue, especially in rural areas and northern regions.

The main tasks in the field of culture are the development professional art, improving cinema services and expanding the geography of touring activities of creative teams.

It is expected to develop philharmonic activities and create conditions for the artistic growth of the Far Eastern Symphony Orchestra and other artistic groups. An important direction in the development of culture is the implementation of profitable concerts, festivals, exhibitions and other projects in the field of culture, aimed at the public not only in Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk Territory, but also in other regions of the Far East, the Baikal region and border countries.

As part of the preservation and development of library systems, it is planned to create a corporate system of public libraries and construct a new building for the Far Eastern State Scientific Library.

In addition, work will continue to expand the museum network, strengthen the material and technical base of museums, increase exhibition space and storage facilities, modernize museum and technical equipment, introduce new information technologies into museum practice, as well as search for new forms of museum services. It is planned to create a regional restoration center for various types of museum exhibits. The creation of a restoration center will help ensure the preservation of the unique monument of ancient culture “Petroglyphs of the village of Sikachi-Alyan”.

An important direction in the development of the region’s culture is to expand the list of services provided by cultural institutions in the northern regions. For this purpose, the activities of inter-settlement cinemas will be organized, the municipal cinema network will be preserved, which will be transferred to video media. The buildings of many cultural institutions in the northern regions of the region will be reconstructed.

By 2025, in the Khabarovsk Territory it is planned to increase the proportion of the population systematically involved in physical education and sports to 23 percent. It is expected to increase the provision of sports facilities, including: flat structures - up to 47.6 percent (2007 - 43.2 percent), gyms - up to 30.4 percent (2007 - 23.7 percent), swimming pools - up to 9.3 percent (2007 - 7.6 percent).

For the tourist and recreational complex of the Khabarovsk Territory, the most promising areas of development are:

The most promising areas for the development of sanatorium-resort treatment and recreation are balneotherapy, mud therapy, the use of mineral water, climate therapy (aero- and geleotherapy). The landscape and topography of the area adjacent to the springs are additional factors for organizing therapeutic and recreational walks (health paths) lasting up to several hours, as well as for organizing excursion and tourist activities.

The development of areas of medical, health and recreational tourism, in addition to the socio-demographic aspect, will give impetus to the development of such infrastructural components as a network transport communication(roads, energy facilities and utilities), as well as increasing the level of employment of the local population in this and related areas (trade, food, production of local souvenirs, etc.).

The development of river and sea cruises in the region is considered a promising direction. It should be noted that one of the largest rivers in the Asia-Pacific region. Amur is the main attraction of the Khabarovsk Territory. In the river basin Amur concentrates most of the existing natural, cultural and historical tourism potential. In the zone of the Amur waterway there are vast territories of the Khabarovsk Territory, the Amur, Jewish Autonomous and Chita regions, as well as northeastern China. The resumption of cruise traffic in the region will contribute to the involvement of a number of municipal districts of the region in the economic process - Komsomolsky, Nikolaevsky, Nanaisky, Ulchsky and Khabarovsk. This will create additional jobs and increase employment, including among the indigenous peoples of the North living in the valley of the river. Amur.

The creation of recreational zones around large urban agglomerations is considered as a promising direction for the development of the tourism complex of the Khabarovsk Territory. In this case, we are talking about creating convenient access to recreational facilities, parking for vehicles, ensuring a high level of sanitary hygiene in recreational areas, the availability of accommodation and food facilities, as well as sports and entertainment facilities.

In addition, it is planned to create recreational zones within large urban agglomerations, in particular in the Khabarovsk region. Ski recreation will be developed in the Komsomolsky, Solnechny and Khabarovsk regions. An eco-tourist complex will be built in the area named after Lazo (Sikhote-Alin). Recreation will be developed on Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island and in the vicinity of the state nature reserve Bolshekhehtsirsky.

Increasing the level and quality of life of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory, protecting socially vulnerable segments of the population are priority tasks until 2025.

Further development of housing construction in the Khabarovsk Territory must be considered in the context of Russia’s geostrategic interests in the Far East. The basis of state policy in the issue of providing housing for citizens is the creation of conditions that will satisfy the housing needs of the economically active part of the population, possible migrants from other regions of the country, compatriots living abroad, as well as the provision of effective measures of state support to those categories of citizens who, by virtue of for objective reasons, they cannot solve their housing problem on their own. The integrated development of new residential neighborhoods with the necessary social, transport and engineering infrastructure, the development of low-rise construction and wooden housing construction will lead to an increase in the volume of housing construction, an increase in the comfort and affordability of housing, which will ensure the consolidation of the population in the Khabarovsk Territory.

It is planned to create a special housing fund intended to be provided to citizens under social rental contracts, to design houses with low costs of construction, operation and consumption of utilities.

The state policy of stimulating housing construction and the development of communal infrastructure in the Khabarovsk Territory will take into account the dislocation of productive forces and the concentration of the population in zones of rapid economic development.

Particularly important for the development of the housing and communal services of the Khabarovsk Territory is the deep modernization and renewal of the municipal electric power infrastructure. To this end, in order to create equal conditions for the economic development of the territories of isolated energy districts, a set of measures will be carried out at the federal level to transfer energy supply enterprises in the decentralized service area to more economical types of fuel and a system of commercial electricity metering will be introduced. In addition, the situation with providing high-quality drinking water to consumers will be improved through the use of new supply technologies, the reliability of water supply and wastewater systems, the quality of drinking water purification and the level of wastewater treatment will be increased.

To ensure water supply to small settlements, a program will be implemented to develop non-centralized water supply systems and create conditions for supplying the population with bottled drinking water.

In order to ensure uninterrupted heat supply and reduce the cost of heat generation in remote populated areas The Khabarovsk Territory will continue to convert boiler houses from liquid fuel to coal and modernize boiler houses and heat supply networks with a high degree of wear. The priority direction will be the construction of mini-heat and power plants in remote settlements and the reconstruction of pipelines of heating networks.

It is planned to improve the management system of the housing and communal complex and improve the quality of operation of utility systems.

The agenda of the first regular and extraordinary meetings of the Legislative Duma of the Khabarovsk Territory was completed in full. The “mad printer” of the regional parliament began working in full force, all 77 issues were considered, including the draft fundamental law of the Khabarovsk Territory “On the regional budget for 2020 and for the planning period of 2021 and 2022” was adopted in the first reading.

The bill "On the regional budget for 2020 and for the planning period of 2021 and 2022" was presented by the first deputy chairman Government of the Khabarovsk Territory - Minister of Finance of the Territory Alexander Katsuba, and the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Khabarovsk Territory is the Minister of Economic Development of the Territory Victor Kalashnikov- forecast of socio-economic development of the Khabarovsk Territory for 2020 and the planning period 2021 - 2022.

In his report, Viktor Kalashnikov outlined the priorities of the socio-economic development of the region, the directions of budget and tax policy for a three-year period - the formation, taking into account the realities of today, of a budget for income and expenses, stabilization and subsequent reduction of the debt burden, effective management of budget expenditures.

Main parameters of the regional budget for 2020 and the planning period 2021 and 2022:

• the total revenue of the regional budget in 2020 is 100.7 billion rubles,

in 2021 - 97.8 billion rubles, in 2022 - 95.7 billion rubles;

• the total volume of expenditures of the regional budget in 2020 is 107.9 0 billion rubles,

in 2021 -103.9 billion rubles, in 2022 – 101.2 billion rubles;

• The regional budget deficit is 7.2 billion rubles in 2020, 6.1 billion rubles in 2021, and 5.5 billion rubles in 2022.

The budget provides for the growth of gross regional product(GRP): in 2020 – 812,329 million rubles, in 2021 – 855,958 million rubles, in 2022 – 897,600 million rubles.

With growth rates compared to the previous year in comparable prices - 2020 - 101.3%, in 2021. – 101.4%, in 2022 – 100.9%,

Despite a lot of rosy statements that the regional government sets itself the task of maintaining a social orientation in the budget, achieving national development goals, creating conditions for improving the quality of life of residents of the region, comfortable conditions for implementing entrepreneurial activity and attracting investments, ensuring the efficiency of state and municipal government, discussions fundamental indicators in the proposed Budget Law, despite the fact that the main task facing government authorities is the balanced socio-economic development of the region, Did not work out.

After a “stormy discussion”, in which representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Sergei Ilyin and Maxim Kukushkin took part from the tribune of the ZD; from the seat - Gennady Maltsev (ER) and three parliamentarians representing the LDPR, Chairman of the ZakDuma Irina Zikunova, arguing that the discussion was behind schedule, stopped the discussion!

The draft fundamental law of the Khabarovsk Territory “On the regional budget for 2020 and for the planning period of 2021 and 2022” was adopted in the first reading by a majority of votes. Of the 31 deputies present at the meeting, 29 voted “for”, two representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation voted “against”.

Questions about the structure of GRP, which is a general indicator, remained unanswered economic activity region, directly dependent on investment, reflecting the final results of the activities of economic entities in the region. In the Khabarovsk Territory, along with Primorye, Amur and Sakhalin regions, GRP dynamics are at zero or in the negative area.

Structure of the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory. Photo: https://www.khabkrai.ru/khabarovsk-krai/Razvitie-kraya/146

But getting investments in the region is very difficult. The expected investment amounts announced by Viktor Kalashnikov: approximately 130 billion rubles in 2019 and 1,200 trillion rubles over 7 years are not confirmed by signed agreements. The deputies did not receive an intelligible answer from the Minister of Economic Development.

Let's be objective - in the near future, the Khabarovsk Territory is unlikely to have to wait for the appearance of large investors. The structure of the regional economic complex is not stable. Due to the unpredictability and constant change of operating rules, lack of stability and consistency, the Khabarovsk Territory has become a “risky investment zone”, which, as a result, has already led to a reduction in foreign investment in 2018 by 4.7%.

Firstly, from January 1, 2020, the law “On regional taxes and tax benefits in the Khabarovsk Territory” will come into force. Participants in regional investment projects operating in highly profitable sectors of the economy will lose tax benefits. These are companies involved in logging, mining, gold mining, etc. According to the governor, the adoption of the law will increase income from these highly profitable types of business to the regional treasury.

The intentions are good - it is necessary to support and develop priority innovative sectors of the economy in the region. But... which ones and with what? It is necessary to decide which sectors of the economy are priority for the region, to develop and produce a sought-after product, and to create a domestic market. And this is not a matter of one year. If only we, like the rest of the world, had the opportunity to take out an innovative loan at three to five percent! And this, given the fact that the banking system is completely undeveloped in the Far East, is not expected in the near future.

Secondly, also from January 1, the list of types of economic activities for which tax benefits are provided to residents of PSEDA will be limited. That is, those companies that received TASED resident status before this period will continue to enjoy benefits, but for many potential residents, obtaining TASED “resident” status loses its meaning.

Presidential Plenipotentiary Representative in the Far East Yuri Trutnev, assessing the work in the region's priority development areas (ADT), described it as "sad." Compared to 2018, the number of jobs decreased by more than 800 places.

In addition, in the ranking of all Far Eastern regions, Khabarovsk Territory, according to Yuri Trutnev, is among the lagging behind. Only in the Khabarovsk Territory the dynamics of ASEZ is going down, and not up, as in other Far Eastern regions.

Things are no better with the development of the Free Port of Vladivostok (FPV). A FPV resident, according to the FPV Law, invests his financial resources in the production of export products. In the Khabarovsk Territory, these are capital-intensive projects of coal terminals in the Vanino region.

Despite the above realities, Viktor Kalashnikov speaks of planned economic growth in five sectors - the transport industry, mining, timber processing, metallurgy, and the production of light petroleum products. In order to fulfill the order of the country's president - to ensure economic growth of 1.5 percent, the region must, through the development of three agglomerations - Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-Amursk-Solnechny and the transport and industrial hub Vanino-Sovetskaya Gavan - have an investment package of at least one trillion rubles.

10 largest taxpayers in the Khabarovsk Territory:

1. Branch of JSC Russian Railways - Far Eastern Railway;
2. PJSC Gazprom;
3. Branch of LLC "Brewing Company "Baltika" - "Baltika - Khabarovsk";
4. DV Bank PJSC "Sberbank of Russia";
5. Albazino Resources LLC;
6. JSC "NNK - Khabarovsk Oil Refinery";
7. Group of enterprises PJSC "Transneft";
8. United Heineken Breweries LLC;
9. JSC "Mnogovershinnoye";
10. JSC Far Eastern Generating Company.

In the industries mentioned by the minister there are no locomotives of industrial production in the region - aviation, shipbuilding. Why? Do they no longer exist or have they entered an extreme stage of stagnation from which they can no longer escape? Stagnation is a long period (in Russia it has been going on for 7 years), which does not have an internal mechanism for resuming economic growth. If this is so (and it is), then it begs a rhetorical question– does the regional government have a vision for the development of these industries?

Aviation - branch of PJSC "Company "Sukhoi" "KnAAZ named after. Yu.A. Gagarin"

JSC "Sukhoi Civil Aircraft" (SCAC), manufacturer of Superjet aircraft (SSJ100), sold only one aircraft in January-September 2019. GSS revenue decreased 4.5 times, to 6 billion rubles, and net loss increased 2.5 times. Of this amount, GSS received 2.1 billion rubles for the supply of aircraft, which corresponds approximately to the price of one SSJ-100. The company received another 4 billion rubles for after-sales maintenance of aircraft.

In 2018, GSS delivered 24 SSJ aircraft to customers. The manufacturer's net loss increased from 733.6 million to 1.9 billion rubles.

Aeroflot is the main customer of the SSJ-100 aircraft. The carrier’s board of directors agreed on the purchase of five aircraft, and the SCAC expects to deliver ten aircraft by the end of 2019.

Airline "Severstal". An aircraft was produced with a horizontal wingtip, which reduces fuel consumption by 3–4%. The transfer should take place after receiving certification for the modification - installation of horizontal wing tips, the deadline is the end of the year.

In 2020, the subsidized rate on loans for buyers is expected to increase Russian aircraft. This benefit is used by leasing companies, which as a result can reduce the leasing rate for carriers. This makes delivery of aircraft next year more preferable for airlines than this year.

Regarding the allegedly signed memorandum between Sukhoi Civil Aircraft (SCAC) and the Norwegian airline Norwegian Air Shuttle announced the delivery of 40 aircraft in 2020. The average catalog price of one Sukhoi Superjet for 2018 was $50.5 million, i.e. the cost of 40 aircraft is $2 billion.

Given that SSJs do not fit into Norwegian Air's monofleet, which currently consists of only 170 Boeing-made aircraft, this could lead to partial refusals of purchases, or only the leasing of Russian aircraft.

In addition, American sanctions are in force against the parent company of the SSJ manufacturer, PJSC Sukhoi Company. The purchase of an SSJ from its subsidiary GSS will in any case go through the compliance procedure (compliance (eng.) - compliance, consent): risks of introduction secondary sanctions will be assessed by Norwegian Air.

The press services of the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and the State Air Force declined to comment.

Shipbuilding – Amur and Khabarovsk shipyards, part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC).

The Ministry of Finance refused to include in the draft budget for 2020 the 8.6 billion rubles required by enterprises for additional capitalization: 7.1 billion rubles - ASZ and 1.5 billion rubles. - KhSZ.

And this despite the fact that, according to the USC conclusion, the Far Eastern shipyards are in a difficult financial situation. The problems of the factories are accumulated losses that arose even before joining the USC, high overhead costs and low-profit workload. Additional capitalization of shipyards has been discussed for several years; it is necessary for enterprises:

• NAS needs to restore hydraulic structures, devices for launching and withdrawing ships, build a new dock and update the delivery base in Vladivostok;
• KhSZ - modernize the descent devices.

Explanations from the Ministry of Industry and Trade. In current state programs, measures to modernize shipyards are provided only for defense industry enterprises; others have the right to take advantage of the preferential conditions of the Industrial Development Fund (IDF) program. The Ministry of Industry and Trade sent requests to the enterprises of the Far Eastern Federal District regarding the planned modernization, but, “judging by the information received, the shipyards do not have design estimates for carrying out the necessary work.”

The Ministry of Industry and Trade expects that the fulfillment of orders for the construction of crab catchers will allow enterprises to stay afloat. Noting at the same time that this is clearly not enough.

The winners of the crab harvesting auctions will have to build 41 vessels, including 31 crab fishing vessels worth 40 billion rubles for the Far Eastern basin, for which the order should be placed in the region as a priority. At the same time, the head of Rosrybolovstvo Ilya Shestakov noted, “the problem is that there is no confidence that this will be built, since they do not have sufficient competencies, there is no ready-made base, projects, there are problems with this,”

The All-Russian Association of Fishing Industry (VARPE), assessing the capabilities of Far East shipyards to produce 20 fishing vessels by 2025, expresses concerns about the execution of orders. Without government support, through “crab fishing” orders alone, it is impossible to bring enterprises out of decline.

In the summer, the All-Russian Association of Fishing Industry (VARPE) asked the government to allocate 20 billion rubles for the modernization of shipyards in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories.

At the same time, the possibility of issuing subsidies to shipowners to reimburse up to 20% of capital costs for the construction of fishing vessels at Far Eastern shipyards is being discussed. Yuri Trutnev estimates the volume of possible budget support at 10 billion rubles.

“We have considered what measures need to be taken to ensure that ships are built in the Far East. We have shipyards. But, unfortunately, for a number of reasons they are not used for the construction of fishing vessels. This does not correspond to the development priorities of the Far East. 94 billion rubles investments - a lot of money - are invested by the Far Eastern fishing industry, due to the lack of experience in building crab fishing vessels at Far Eastern shipyards, into the construction of ships at shipyards in other regions of the country. It is necessary that these funds help develop the Far East. In order for investors to order ships, our shipyards must be competitive," the Deputy Prime Minister said.

Food for thought.

At the Amur Shipyard from October 1 The tariff rates of key production workers were increased by 25%.

ASZ provides its employees with a social package aimed at adapting and retaining key workers, including those employed by the enterprise under the Labor Mobility program. It includes: a one-time employment benefit, compensation for renting living space, as well as payment for travel to the place of employment and twice a year for travel to the place of permanent residence. At the request of management, it is also possible to pay a 50% “northern” bonus to the tariff for that category of enterprise employees who did not have this incentive payment at the time of employment. A number of measures have also been approved for non-material motivation of NPP employees.

Regarding the forestry industry– the question is ambiguous. The current situation in the timber industry is compared with the crisis of 2008–2009.

In reality, there are only a few operating enterprises left in the region.

Shipped for export to Asia-Pacific countries (thousand m3), according to the Dalexportles association:

Timber exporter
	Jan.-Sep.
LLC "Business Marketing"
JSC "Rimbunan Hijau International"
LLC "Rimbunan Hijau MDF"
LLC "Suluk"
LLC "RFP Trading House" (RFP GROUP)
JSC "Shelekhovsky KLPH"

Forest land in the Khabarovsk Territory is 73.7 million hectares, the total estimated cutting area in 2018 was 28.3 million cubic meters. The total volume of timber harvested was 8.2 million cubic meters. The region is an outsider in the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of forest taxation. 82.5 percent of forest areas were surveyed more than 20 years ago. Tenants, when entering into a contract, do not know what exactly they are getting. More than half of forest lands are not registered in the cadastral register.

Forest reserves today are 50–70 m3/ha. Talk about the fact that forest reserves in the region amount to 200 m3/ha is from the evil one. There are no such reserves! Northern forest areas that were previously practically undeveloped are being developed.

In the region, the provision of forest roads is two orders of magnitude lower than in the European part of the country and an order of magnitude lower than in Siberia. Today, the haulage “shoulder” is 260–300 km.

With such a “leverage”, galloping fuel prices, tariffs for electricity/heat energy, railway tariffs, the absence of a mechanism to stimulate the supply of round timber by logging enterprises for processing, in the absence of a detailed study of the raw material security of projects, it is not possible to count on the development of deep processing in the region really! The activities of any woodworking enterprise will be unprofitable due to rising production costs! There is already a shortage of raw materials.

In this regard, it’s time to stop the utopian talk about creating a pulp and paper mill in the region!

In addition, the Federation Council is currently working together with the Ministry of Natural Resources on a new Forest Code.

“The first thing we need to start with is improving legislation, in particular, preparing a new, correct Forest Code, and not one lobbied for at one time by unscrupulous comrades or gentlemen,” said Speaker of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko.

But that's not all.

The so-called “regulatory guillotine” is being prepared, which should lead to the abolition or renewal of most forestry regulations during 2020.

We must not forget about quotas and “barrier” customs duties (from October 1, 2019, the Government of the Russian Federation doubled - from 6.5% to 13% - increased the customs duty rate for the export of unprocessed timber from Ayan spruce, white fir, and Daurian larch ), forest fire disasters of the last few years in the region!

Regarding the export of timber to China. In the first half of 2019, the volume of exports of Russian forest products decreased by 5%. The decrease in monetary terms affected: lumber by 43.3%, plywood - by 14%, cellulose - 22.8%.

Based on the above, it remains unclear why the governor and government are planningreduce public debt and budget deficit,achieve fulfillmentmain tasks stated in the Budget Law? After all, it is necessary

• achieve national development goals,
• create conditions to improve the quality of life of the region’s residents,
• provide comfortable conditions for carrying out business activities and attracting investments,
• ensure the effectiveness of state and municipal government.

It is possible that at the initial stage, fiscal measures will allow achieving positive results in terms of growth in budget revenues, but in the long term this is a question.

So far it’s exactly the opposite.

Chairman of the regional parliament Irina Zikunova stated:

“The Khabarovsk Territory cannot sharply and radically reduce its public debt, as this will lead to a general cut in the entire regional budget and a decrease in the well-being of citizens. In order to radically change the situation with the size of the public debt, the region needs to withdraw more than 17 billion rubles from its budget at a time.”

Since the beginning of the year, as of October 1, 2019, public debt has increased from 49 to 52.1 billion rubles. The government plans to continue borrowing. According to the draft budget 2020 adopted in the first reading, as of 01/01/20, the state debt of the Khabarovsk Territory will increase to 56 billion rubles, and as of 01/01/21 - to 63 billion rubles. To service bank loans, which make up the majority of the national debt, in 2020. 4.2 billion rubles will be required.

Previously Governor Sergei Furgal set a task by reducing ineffective expenses and increasing the revenue base in five years, reduce the national debt to 28–30 billion rubles.

Also governor Sergey Furgal, and previously chairman of the regional parliament committee on budget, taxes and economic development Vyacheslav Furgal, declared the intention of the government and the Legislative Duma to increase the level of socio-economic development of the region and maintain the social orientation of the regional budget.

But in reality, how are these declarations confirmed by the budget adopted by the Legislative Act in the first reading? Where will the funds come from to improve the lives of the population with such a “professionally” planned distribution of budget allocations?

This draft of the fundamental law of the Khabarovsk Territory “On the regional budget for 2020 and for the planning period of 2021 and 2022” cannot be called anything other than a fornication of labor, with a thunderous efficiency and active ignorance! The regional government and the Legislative Duma have been keeping the population of the region in a state of constant amazement for several years now. Some items of the 2020 budget will become a real nightmare for residents of the Khabarovsk Territory!

The deprofessionalization of the public administration system both in the country and in the region has reached a critical level. It is important to understand what needs to be done. But it is equally important to understand what not to do. If there is no effective planning and forecasting, then there is no sustainability and development. And it appears only among people who understand what, in fact, they are in charge of!

DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BY SECTIONS AND SUB-SECTIONS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES OF THE REGIONAL BUDGET (thousand rubles)
Indicator name	2019	2020	2020-2019
Servicing state and municipal debt	3 479 899,00	4 152 094,27	672 195,27
Functioning of the highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and Moscow Region	11 545,50	11 899,10
NATIONAL ECONOMY	23 996 228,87	11 680 815,21	-12 315 413,66
General economic issues
Agriculture and fishing			-220 076,61
Water management			-1 015 710,89
Forestry			-950 972,33
Transport			-334 510,24
Road management (road funds)			-8 402 795,69
Communications and computer science
Applied research in the field of national economy			-135 227,14
Other issues in the field of national economy

DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS BY TARGET ITEMS (STATE PROGRAMS OF THE REGION AND NON-PROGRAM AREAS OF ACTIVITY) AND GROUPS (GROUPS AND SUBGROUPS) OF TYPES OF EXPENDITURES OF THE REGIONAL BUDGET FOR 2020 AND FOR THE PLAN PERIOD 2021 AND 2022 (thousand rubles)
State programs of the Hub region	2019	2020	2020 - 2019
"Development of healthcare in the Hub region"	19 920 131,04	19 350 078,29	-570 052,75
Subprogram "Protection of maternal and child health" within the framework of the State Enterprise of the Khabarovsk Territory "Health Development of the Khabarovsk Territory".	1 874 794,68	364 828,99	-1 509 965,69
Development of preschool education within the framework of the State Enterprise of the Khabarovsk Territory "Development of Education in the Khabarovsk Territory."	3 911 790,46	3 735 371,35	-176 419,11
Support for research activities in the region within the framework of the State Enterprise Hub. region "Development of education in the Hub region"	7 579,61	6 166,00	-1 413,61
"Culture of the Khabarovsk Territory"	2 175 732,68	1 775 285,37	-400 447,31
"Development of social protection of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory"	17 910 938,71	17 593 226,54	-317 712,17
"Development of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation living in the Khabarovsk Territory"	39 664,54	34 625,20	-5 039,34
"Development of housing construction in the Khabarovsk Territory"	2 282 493,06	1 216 420,06	-1 066 073,00
"Ensuring public safety and combating crime in the Hub region"	69 374,93	65 523,69	-3 851,24
"Development physical culture and sports in the Khabarovsk Territory"	4 469 830,50	3 883 883,16	-585 947,34
"Development of youth policy in the Hub region"	382 728,42	370 733,48	-11 994,94
"Innovative development and modernization of the economy of the Khabarovsk region"	179 892,43	44 756,16	-135 136,27
"Development of SMEs in the Khabarovsk Territory"	146 136,58	45 269,41	-100 867,17
State Enterprise of the Hub. Territory "Development of forestry in the Hub. Territory"	1 172 354,30	222 463,04	-949 891,26
"Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food in the Khabarovsk Territory"	976 373,85	717 684,28	-258 689,57
"Energy efficiency and energy development in the Khabarovsk Territory"	147 787,93	49 647,30	-98 140,63
"Development of the transport system of the Khabarovsk Territory"	15 361 545,55	6 681 458,73	-8 680 086,82
Development of air transport infrastructure and ensuring accessibility to the population of the region of services in the field of air transportation within the framework of the State Enterprise of the Hub. Territory "Development of the transport system of the Hub. Territory"	764 459,34	528 784,69	-235 674,65
Subsidies for air transport organizations that provide transport services to the population in intermunicipal communication, within the framework of the State Enterprise of the Hub. Territory "Development of the transport system of the Hub. Territory"	565 502,86	463 599,94	-101 902,92
"Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Khabarovsk Territory"	651 949,84	33 808,77	-618 141,07
"Development of the labor market and promotion of employment of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory"	1 228 957,68	1 194 377,26	-34 580,42
"Development of the water management complex of the Khabarovsk Territory"	2 414 924,25	1 399 213,36	-1 015 710,89
"Development of industrial production in the Khabarovsk Territory"	29 256,25	28 115,26	-1 140,99
"Stimulation of investment activity, implementation of complex investment projects, formation of territories of advanced socio-economic development in the Hub. Territory"	277 473,58	98 448,36	Transport and communications The Khabarovsk Territory occupies key positions in the unified transport network of the Far East. All main types of transport have developed here: railway, sea, river, road, air, pipeline. The leading role is played by the railway. The length of the railway network is 2.1 thousand km. The basis is made up of sections of the Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur Mainlines. In 2008, the installation of the main metal structures of the second stage of the railway bridge across the Amur near the city of Khabarovsk was completed. Traffic opened on the 2.6 km long bridge. The commissioning of the second stage of the bridge will increase the capacity of this section by 1.5 times and increase the speed of movement of passenger and freight trains along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The first stage of a combined rail-road bridge across the Amur River near Khabarovsk was put into operation in 1999. The region has 5.1 thousand km of public roads, of which 4.8 thousand km are paved, including federal roads: M58 "Amur" (Chita - Khabarovsk), providing access to the central regions of the Russian Federation Federation and Europe, M60 “Ussuri” (Khabarovsk - Vladivostok) and “Vostok” (Khabarovsk-Nakhodka), connecting the highway network of the Russian Federation with the ports of Primorye. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the construction of regional highways. The construction of roads Khabarovsk - Lidoga - Vanino with access to the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Selikhino - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Berezovy - Amgun - Mogdy - Chegdomyn is underway. The length of the operated river routes is 2.9 thousand km. The river port in Khabarovsk is the largest on the Amur. Other large river ports are Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. Most of them are serviced by the Amur River Shipping Company OJSC, whose vessels, including those of the river-sea type, connect the Amur ports with points on the Okhotsk coast, ports of Japan, China, Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore. Maritime transport is represented by the ports of Okhotsk, Ayan, Lazarev, De-Kastri, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Vanino, Sovetskaya Gavan. Vanino is the largest seaport of the region. The ferry service Vanino - Kholmsk operates between the mainland and Sakhalin Island. The distance from Khabarovsk to Moscow by rail is 8533 km, by air - 6075 km. One of the largest in the country, Khabarovsk International Airport is connected with the most important administrative and economic centers of Russia, near and far abroad countries, and the main airports of the Far East. Intrazonal, intercity and international communications in the region are provided by 10 operators. At the same time, 90% of the main channels are used by the traditional operator OJSC Rostelecom. Intrazonal networks of the Khabarovsk Territory are based on the use of cable, radio relay, overhead transmission lines and channels of satellite communication systems. Information flows with the northern regions of the region are organized using satellite technologies. In total, there are more than 50 ground satellite communication stations in the region. The level of cellular communications coverage in the region increased to 24%. Currently, regional operator networks cellular communication integrated into the federal cellular networks of national operators: MTS, Megafon, VimpelCom. Telematics services, including Internet services, IP telephony, and e-mail, are provided in the region by 30 operators, the number of users is more than 150 thousand. Resources and energy Enrichment plant "Urgalugol" In the Khabarovsk Territory, a powerful and diverse fuel and energy complex has developed, which occupies a very large part in the structure of the region’s economy. important place. The region's fuel and energy complex is multi-industry in nature, including electric power and heat, production of petroleum products and coal mining, gas supply systems, management and sales structures. Currently, almost all crude oil refining capacities in the Far East are concentrated in the region, about 20% of electrical and 30% of thermal energy are produced, and 8.0% of coal is mined. One of the main directions in the fuel and energy complex of the region is the coal mining complex. Coal mining is carried out by OJSC Urgalugol, which is part of OJSC Siberian Coal Energy Company. OJSC Urgalugol is mining the reserves of the Urgal coal deposit, which is located in the Verkhnebureinsky district. Underground mining is carried out by two production faces, the total maximum daily productivity of which is about 6 thousand tons. Open-pit mining is carried out at three open-pit mines: Urgalsky, Bureinsky and the Marekansky open-pit mine, located in the Okhotsk region. The investment development program of Urgalugol OJSC provides for a radical modernization of production with an increase in coal production volumes. To improve the quality of coal, maintain and increase the internal and external market positions of coal mining at the Urgal deposit, calculations were made and a decision was made to build a processing plant with a capacity of up to 5.0 million tons per year. The basis of non-ferrous metallurgy is the extraction of gold, platinum and silver, and the production of tin and copper concentrates. New centers for the extraction of precious metals have been created in the Okhotsk and Ayano-Maisky regions. The region has taken third place in Russia in the extraction of precious metals. The largest forest complex in the Far East has been formed in the region, which includes: forestry, wood harvesting and processing industries, service industries, scientific and design institutions. The region ranks third in the country in terms of timber harvesting volume. Oil and gas In the coming years should receive further development pipeline transport. A powerful gas pipeline was built to transport gas from Sakhalin Island. An oil pipeline will be laid soon Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean with branches to the Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk oil refineries. It is planned to build a new gas pipeline Sakhalin - Khabarovsk - Vladivostok. The oil refining industry of the region is represented by two oil refineries: OJSC Khabarovsk Oil Refinery and LLC PH - Komsomolsk Oil Refinery and one specialized oil refinery in the village of Vanino. In recent years, the volume of primary oil refining in the region has almost doubled. The oil refining industry of the region is a stable, profitable and highly productive industry, develops and implements large investment projects and programs, and makes a significant contribution to the development of the region and to the positive foreign trade balance of the region. In recent years, much attention has been paid to gasification of the region. As a result of extensive work, by the end of 2008 the length of the gas transmission network amounted to more than 1,500 km. Energy The region's needs for electrical and thermal energy are provided mainly by the Khabarovsk energy system, which is part of the Far Eastern Generating Company OJSC. The installed capacity of power plants of the Khabarovsk energy system is for the production of electrical energy - 2299.95 MW; for thermal energy production - 7131.4 Gcal/h. The existing energy capacities meet the region's needs for electrical and thermal energy in full and have the necessary reserves. System-forming electrical network in the Khabarovsk Territory it is formed at a voltage of 500-220 kV (total length 4.34 thousand km), distribution - at a voltage 110-35 kV (total length 10.2 thousand km). The length of the main pipelines of the heating networks of the Khabarovsk Heating Network Company branch of OJSC Far Eastern Generating Company (in single-pipe calculation) is 840 km. The Khabarovsk energy system has electrical connections at a voltage of 500/220 kV with the United Energy System of the East. This ensures the possibility of flows of electrical energy and power from the United Energy System of the East and increases the reliability of power supply to consumers. International trade Medal of the Khabarovsk International Fair The development of interregional ties and integration with other regions of the Russian Federation is of significant interest to the regional economy. Interregional, international and specialized forums, exhibitions and fairs play an important role in the development of the regional market. The Ministry of Economic Development and External Relations of the Territory, together with industry departments of the Government of the Territory, constantly interacts with the administrations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, working on issues of participation of regional enterprises in specialized exhibitions and fairs in regions - potential consumers of products. At the beginning of 2008, the federal government started talking about the need to take an innovative approach to business development. In the Khabarovsk Territory, an innovation support infrastructure has been created over the course of recent years. Commercialization offices involved in the selection and preparation of innovative projects began to be created in universities two years ago. In 2007, the Far Eastern Agency for the Promotion of Innovation (DASI) was created. The grant for the creation of a business incubator to promote innovative projects was won by the Far Eastern State University communication routes. It is worth noting that all created structures and mechanisms are aimed at supporting innovative implementations, primarily in small and medium-sized businesses. This year, the regional government intends to complete the formation of the basis for financial support for innovative projects. The task is, in addition to the funds allocated by the regional government, to attract federal money, funds from extra-budgetary funds, and money from interested private investors. This will significantly increase the amounts allocated for each project and will make it possible more businessmen and scientists begin the joint implementation of original and promising ideas in the field of creating new materials, in medicine, in the field of biotechnology and nanotechnology. Industry Mechanical engineering T-50 - fighter A diversified economy has been created in the Khabarovsk Territory, based on the use of rich and diverse natural resources, significant demographic potential, and a favorable economic and geographical location. It is based on industry and transport. The region has the largest machine-building complex in the Far East and a diverse industrial composition, in which the role of high-tech defense industries - aviation and shipbuilding - is great. Electrical and power engineering, production of handling equipment and some other industries also developed here. The engineering complex is associated with ferrous metallurgy - the production of steel and rolled products. In today's highly competitive economy, it is impossible to survive without the introduction of modern equipment and management systems. Almost all operating industries are seriously engaged in issues of reconstruction, increasing labor efficiency, reducing product costs while steadily increasing their quality. OJSC "KnAAPO" today is implementing projects that just recently were impossible to even think about due to technological and technical unpreparedness. The reconstruction of production workshops and modernization of equipment for the production of civil aircraft for local and regional airlines was carried out. The “Program for organizing the production of regional civil aircraft Superjet-100” is being implemented, which is one of the priority projects of the Sukhoi holding. Currently, the enterprise is preparing for serial production of the promising SU-35 and T-50 aircraft. Light industry and small business Soy drinks "DAKGOMZ" Light industry is represented by the production of clothing, knitwear, leather goods and footwear. Sewing enterprises operate in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk, Sovetskaya Gavan; knitted - in Bikin; leather goods and shoe factories - in Khabarovsk. The most important centers of the food industry: Khabarovsk (oil and fat, flour and cereal, distillery, confectionery, meat and dairy, fish processing industries), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (meat and dairy, confectionery, fish processing industries), the village of Lososina (base of the oceanic fisheries) and Okhotsk (fish processing enterprises). The number of small businesses in the region increases every year; in 2007, there were another 5.7 thousand more. Small businesses, which were previously insignificant in the mass of main economic indicators, today form a significant share: more than 24% of all employees in the regional economy work here; its share in the total turnover of products, works and services exceeded 27%, increasing by 1.4 times compared to 2006. It is also important that the growth of small businesses indicates an increase in the share of the middle class in the structure of society and an increase in its influence on social and economic processes. Construction Construction of residential buildings In the construction complex of the region there are 923 thousand construction and installation organizations, enterprises in the building materials industry and design organizations, which employ about 70 thousand people. Currently, housing construction is becoming a priority direction in the region's construction industry. The region has its own housing construction programs for certain socially vulnerable categories of citizens. Housing construction will continue, including by type of social mortgage, providing state support for youth, state employees and other categories. Harsh climatic conditions, rugged mountainous terrain, permafrost, swampiness, lack of convenient communications and small population make economic activity in the region difficult. Difficult navigation conditions (shallow waters of the Amur estuary and the Tatar Strait, unfavorable ice conditions, complex currents and frequent storms) were the basis for designing a bridge to Sakhalin and even a dam blocking the Tatar Strait. The issue of building a canal from the Amur through Lake Kizi to the deep-water part of the Tatar Strait was also considered. However, all of them were not implemented. Agriculture and hunting Dairy complex The main task Agriculture region - meeting the population's needs for milk and vegetables, potatoes and eggs, fresh meat. Only beekeeping supplies its products outside the region. As a result of the ongoing economic transformations, enterprises in the region's agro-industrial complex went through a multi-stage stage of reform: land reform was carried out, a multi-structured economy was formed, and new organizational and legal forms of management emerged. Agriculture of the region is currently represented by state unitary enterprises, open joint stock companies, collective farms, peasant (farmer) farms and personal farms of citizens. Agriculture accounts for up to 4% of gross internal product the edges. Own production of agricultural products almost completely provides the population with potatoes, 74% with vegetables, 78% with eggs, and 19% with milk. Financial support provided to the village made it possible to keep production from further decline, increase financial stability and reduce losses. Hunting has developed throughout the region. In terms of fur procurement volume, the region ranks second in the Far East, second only to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In areas of the Okhotsk coast it is combined with reindeer husbandry, and in the Amur Valley with fishing. Hunting tourism is developing. New development mechanisms and non-standard solutions in the social sphere, which were initiated by the government of the country in the Far East, are implemented in their own way in each of its 11 constituent entities. The characteristics of the territories - climatic, historical, economic - sometimes form completely different tasks. Today, members of the expert advisory council under the governor of the Khabarovsk Territory spoke at the RG site, talking about the main problems of this region and ways to solve them. How can you characterize the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory today? Vadim Zausaev, professor, doctor of economic sciences: Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to change the vector of development. Trends in key macro indicators in the Khabarovsk Territory are negative. They are also confirmed by the results of the first half of 2019. Migration outflow, as well as public debt, are the largest of all subjects of the macroregion (four thousand people and 54.9 billion rubles). The problems facing the region are primarily due to the poor adaptation of its diversified economy to market economic conditions. Traditional drivers of growth - military-industrial and civil engineering, as well as the forestry industry - have lost their momentum. The natural basis of the regional economy (rental resource production) does not ensure the reproduction of the 1.3 million people who make up the population of the region. Viktor Kryukov, candidate of geological sciences: There are significant restrictions on economic growth in the Khabarovsk Territory. They include many factors: high cost of living, a significant share of inefficient processing industries, budget deficits, high public debt, low tax base, and a growing shortage of highly skilled workers and specialists. So what should we do? Evgeniy Galichanin, professor, doctor of economic sciences: It is necessary to search for resources and mechanisms to transfer the economy to a qualitatively new level of development. By the way, good opportunities are opening up with the development of the National Development Program for the Far East. But these possibilities must be based on a scientific basis. It is imperative to take into account emerging trends, objective limitations and development reserves - both general and purely regional. Vadim Zausaev: We must focus on creating a rapidly growing permanent population and a diversified economy in the border south, drawing residents into large and small residential centers and creating the most comfortable living conditions in them. At the same time, there will be an expansion of rotational methods of labor organization in the north. Another factor of this kind is the placement of productive forces based on the formation of territorial centers of economic growth, ranking them by levels of significance (federal, regional, local and local), each of which will have its own characteristics of socio-economic development. The concept is more or less clear. What specific steps need to be taken? Vadim Zausaev: This requires action by authorities at both the federal and regional levels. The federal ones can and should ensure the development of rental industries in the center of a chain of vertically integrated structures, where reproduction and geological exploration come first, and processing ends. We will also add here the implementation of a special economic policy, including preferential business regimes for business, including the improvement of priority development zones and free zones, infrastructure development of the territory, the adoption of a cost-control code in natural monopolies and companies with state participation, as well as in government bodies. Despite the decrease in processing industries, the Khabarovsk Territory has maintained a diversified economic structure Far Eastern business in the real sector of the economy should be exempt from all federal taxes. Moreover, he should be exempt from paying Far Eastern allowances and benefits, with these costs transferred to the state budget. I propose to conduct a pilot project of this kind in the Komsomolsk ASEZ to identify positive and possible negative consequences. It is also necessary to expand the powers of subjects in the disposal and use of natural resources, to increase the tax base of subjects by consolidating the business at the place of activity. In order to establish reliable and accessible connections between the subject and the “parent” side, it is necessary to regulate transport tariffs. One of the most important points: acceptance is necessary federal law"On the development of the Far East" as the institutional basis for the development of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. This is a very serious program. And what remains for the government of the Khabarovsk Territory? Alexander Snychkov, professor of the Far Eastern People's Academy of Sciences: And his actions are necessary in the following directions: maximum development of rental industries - fishing, coal, forestry. It is necessary to develop mechanisms to support small and medium-sized businesses. It is desirable to introduce a regime of severe austerity in the use of budget resources. The development of the territory should be based on the principles of public-private partnership, when businesses are reimbursed through future taxes for the costs of creating production and social infrastructure and training workers. The regional authorities are expected to lobby the highest authorities for major investment projects: comprehensive development of the resources of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, transport transition to Sakhalin, construction of the Tugur tidal power station and the second track on the BAM, development of deposits of alunites, non-metals, rare metals and lands, creation of a transport corridor through the Ussuri Island (northern China - ports of the Far East)… Vadim Zausaev: Despite the significant reduction in processing industries, the Khabarovsk Territory has maintained a diversified economic structure. This is a kind of model of the new Far Eastern economy. But she still has to prove her right to life. Otherwise, the destiny of the macroregion is to become a raw material appendage of the Asia-Pacific countries. Figures and facts The population of the Khabarovsk Territory at the beginning of 2019 was 1.321 million people. The gross regional product reached 682 billion rubles in 2018. 1.7 people per square kilometer is the population density of the Khabarovsk Territory. 3.8 percent - the unemployment rate in the Khabarovsk Territory in 2018. You may also like... Creators of the Slavic alphabet: Cyril and Methodius 2024-03-15 03:10:20 What nickname did Emperor Alexander III receive from his contemporaries? 2024-03-15 03:10:20 Anatoly Yakunin: biography and family of the general 2024-03-15 03:10:20 Sections of the site Hobby Career Hi-Tech Health Children Internet Finance