The structure of the army is clear and understandable, but only for those who have served in it. For most civilians, a link, company and division is a certain part, which is understood as a certain number of soldiers, but how many? Let's try to understand the units of the army, to determine what is larger: a regiment or a division, an army or a front.
From small to big
The whole variety of the military representing the Russian army is divided into parts, which are also divided and so on sequentially to the minimum unit - a squad, including 4-10 people. Its number is related to the type of troops and the task being performed.
Yes, in tank troops ah squad - this is a tank crew, including 3-4 people, and in an artillery unit - a calculation of 6 people. A unit may be referred to as a fireteam or flight. It performs a specific task, managing with small forces.
Employees in the link, as a rule, communicate closely with each other and can coordinate joint actions well. In modern warfare tactics, a well-trained link can play a significant role in the battle, carrying out reconnaissance activities, penetrating behind enemy lines, and so on.
Two or three fireteams cooperate to form a detachment led by a commander. The effectiveness of the work of such a detachment greatly depends on the quality military training each of its members, as well as the consistency of the actions of the soldiers. A well-organized infrastructure and the direct leadership of the detachment determines a lot.
Such associations give good results, provided that among them are professional soldiers with combat experience. They are maneuverable, hardly detected by the enemy, highly qualified and able to cope with various tasks.
- platoon;
- company;
- battalion;
- regiment;
- division and brigade;
- frame;
- army;
- front or army corps.
From Lieutenant to Colonel
A platoon is a structure that includes several squads. The number of people in it can be in the range from 15 to 60, depending on the type of troops. It is led by a military man with the rank of lieutenant, including junior or senior.
Initially, a platoon is a rifle unit, the army included 3 platoons that fired “in turn”, so while some were reloading, others were aimed fire. Today, the diversity of this unit is much wider, and they are united by an approximate number of people.
A separate type of platoon has a name in accordance with the combat mission, it can be:
- tank;
- anti-aircraft missile;
- medical;
- motorized rifle;
- engineer-sapper;
- reconnaissance and so on.
The next unit is the company. This is a tactical structure. It can operate both in the structure of the battalion and independently. For example, the third reconnaissance company or the first air force communications company. In some branches of the RF troops, a company has a special name: a battery - in artillery, a squadron - in cavalry, a link - in aviation. This structure is commanded by a captain, less often by a major.
How many in the mouth Russian army Human? Since it includes 2-4 platoons, respectively, it has from 30 to 150 servicemen. Two to four companies form a battalion of more than 250 men.
This structure is quite numerous and can independently carry out many military tasks, which are coordinated by the battalion headquarters headed by a major or captain, less often a lieutenant colonel. All information and sources of resources are concentrated in the headquarters, it is from here that command, communications, coordination of actions, and the organizational part are carried out.
The manager must have an assistant, whose functions include fixing and correcting ongoing actions, as well as assistance in developing future operations. For the battalion, it is important to have a source of replenishment that allows you to perform the assigned tasks. Since his soldiers are limited in material support only by what they can carry themselves or transport on available vehicles, they are constantly in need of additional equipment.
Officers with the rank of lieutenant colonel often command regiments, where they deserve the next rank - colonels. The regiment consists of 3 to 6 battalions, with a total strength of no more than 2 thousand people. This unit is completely autonomous and independently performs combat missions.
The regiment includes not only firing units, but also repair departments, medical stations, communications platoons and more. Due to which the regiment fully coordinates its activities and ensures viability. Resources must be supplied regularly, so warehouses and workshops are assigned to the regiment, producing the necessary funds.
Privates are the main active force of the army, it is from them that battalions, companies and regiments are formed.
Commanding Thousands
Even more massive elements are brigades and divisions. The first includes a number of battalions and auxiliary companies, maybe a couple of regiments. It is equivalent to a reinforced battalion. The total number can reach up to 8 thousand people. It is led by a brigade commander with the rank of colonel.
In addition to combat units, brigades include combat support structures: engineers, artillery, medical unit, logistics. Brigades are divided into general and specialized. The latter include battalions of only one type: armored, cavalry, anti-aircraft, and so on.
As necessary, other units can join the brigade at the time of the assignment, then they become subordinate to the previous leadership. The brigade is led through the headquarters, which, in addition to the brigade commander, includes staff officers.
How many people are in a division of the Russian armed forces? Today it is from 1 to 2 tens of thousands of soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, the strength of the division was more scattered: from 8 to 30 thousand. Therefore, a division is sometimes equated with a brigade, but this is a larger structure, which includes regiments in small numbers and auxiliary units.
They are commanded by a major general or a higher rank. Today, divisions are smaller and can be formed according to the intended task, including a very small number of soldiers, but at the same time, the presence of headquarters and resource points remains.
The special position of the division in the structure of the navy. Here it is smaller in number of people and includes several ships or a squadron, a couple of sections of aircraft that are subordinate to the head of the unit.
The corps can include up to one hundred thousand people, uniting a group of divisions. This is a combined arms formation that does not have a specialization and is managed by a major general or an officer with a higher rank. The corps are numbered, as a rule, in Roman numerals, but the formations subordinate to them are in Arabic.
A group of corps unites into an army, which includes a minimum of 100 thousand people, and the upper limit is limited to a million. In the domestic armed forces, such numbers are not found, which is due to total number population in the country.
During military conflicts, its composition can grow significantly due to the mobilization of the population. The command of the army rests on the shoulders of a major general or lieutenant general. An army can have a geographic name or a numerical one, or a combination of both.
The army corps includes many units with a variety of functions.
The structure of the army is represented by a wide range of battalions and divisions, individual structures may not belong to the army in accordance with its territorial location. The most numerous structure of the army is the military district, which during the fighting is called the front.
The number of soldiers and officers included in its composition is difficult to determine. It varies depending on the military doctrine of the state, the political situation in the world and other factors, including from 400 thousand soldiers to 1 million. Sometimes they unite national formations.
The command of this structure is entrusted to a lieutenant general or army general, who is primarily responsible for the results of a military campaign and determines the tactics of military operations. There are other names in military terminology: connection, military unit, association. But they mainly act as special cases, differing in the given type of troops in their specifics and the military task being implemented.
Understanding the intricacies of military terms is not easy, in order to understand what is larger and how this or that unit is formed, you need to serve for more than one year, getting acquainted with the structure and historical past of the national army.
After all, often the names are rooted in the past and persist to this day, although the structure could already have changed. The size of the armed forces is also changing, which is associated with demographic issues, as well as the improvement of weapons and tactics of warfare, which no longer require a large contingent.
Hierarchy and number of military formations.
Finally, the Combat Charter of the Ground Forces comes into force. You can more or less decide on the hierarchy, although I only got acquainted with two parts.
In general, I am often asked questions like “how many people are in the division”, “how many people are in the brigade”. Well, it's impossible to answer this question. Because I can give an answer, say, about a tank regiment, but they were interested in cavalry in general, and even in the 40th year. The fact is that the very name “detachment”, “platoon”, “company” does not depend on the strength, but, firstly, on the type of troops, and, secondly, on the tactical tasks that are assigned to the formation of this type.
And so, the smallest formation:
"Squad" (calculation for artillery, Crew for tankers).
The squad is commanded by a sergeant (junior sergeant) armed with an AK74
The motorized rifle squad consists of 9 ... 13 people (in addition to the squad leader: grenade launcher, private with RPG-7, PM; gunner-assistant grenade launcher, private with AK74; machine gunner, private with RPK74; senior shooter, corporal with AK74; 3 ... 5 shooters, privates with AK74; BMP driver mechanic and gunner-operator \ BMP machine gunner \ BMP).
The department is named after its type of troops (tank, motorized rifle, engineer-sapper, communications)
Motorized rifle department:
Defense up to 100m,
Advance up to 50m
"Platoon"
Several squads make up a platoon (from 2 to 4).
The platoon is commanded by an officer - lieutenant, Art. lieutenant.
The number of 9 ... 45 people.
The platoon is named after its type of troops (tank, motorized rifle, engineer-sapper, communications)
Motorized rifle platoon:
Defense 400 m along the front, 300 m in depth.
Offensive up to 200 ... 300 meters
"Company" (battery for artillery and squadron for cavalry)
Several platoons make up a company (from 2 to 4). In addition to platoons, a company may include squads that are not part of platoons.
A company is a formation that can perform independent tasks on the battlefield.
The company commander is a captain.
Number from 18 to 200 people (motorized rifle companies 130 ... 150 people; tank companies 30 ... 35 people)
The company is named after its type of troops (tank, motorized rifle, engineer-sapper, communications)
Motor rifle company:
Defense 1 ... 1.5 km along the front to 1 km in depth
Offensive: 0.5 ... 1 km
Battalion. (Division for artillery.)
Several companies make up a battalion (from 2 to 4), the battalion also includes platoons that are not part of the company.
The battalion is named after its type of troops (tank, motorized rifle, engineer-sapper, communications). But the battalion includes formations of other types of weapons (For example, in a motorized rifle battalion, in addition to motorized rifle companies, there is a mortar battery, a material support platoon, and a communications platoon.)
The battalion commander is a lieutenant colonel.
The battalion has its own headquarters.
The number of 250 ... 950 people (theoretically, the number of the battalion is possible and less).
Motorized rifle battalion:
Defense 3 ... 5 km along the front and 2 ... 2.5 km in depth
Offensive 1…2 km
Regiment.
The regiment is named after the type of troops, but has units from many branches of the military. Consists of at least 3…4 battalions. (2 ... 3 battalions of the armed forces)
The regimental commander is a colonel.
(For example, in a motorized rifle regiment there are 2 ... 3 motorized rifle battalions, one tank battalion, one artillery battalion (battalion), one anti-aircraft missile battalion, reconnaissance company, engineer company, communications company, anti-tank battery, chemical protection platoon, repair company, logistics company, orchestra, medical center)
The number of personnel of the regiment is from 900 ... 2000 people.
Brigade.
Intermediate element (so to speak) from the regiment to the division.
The main difference from the regiment is a larger number of both battalions and other units. (Let's say there are two tank battalions in the MTB) A brigade can also consist of 2 regiments.
Brigade Commander - Colonel
Number of 2000…8000 people
Division.
Although it is named after the type of predominant troops, in fact, the predominance can differ by only one regiment (say, in a motorized rifle division by two motorized rifle regiments, in a tank division, on the contrary, by two tank regiments, one motorized rifle)
Division Commander - Major General
Number of staff from 12000…24000 people
Frame.
Intermediate military formation from division to army.
The corps is a combined arms formation.
The corps was usually created in those cases when the formation of an army was impractical.
After completing the combat mission, the corps was disbanded.
Corps Commander: Lieutenant General
Now there are 7 Corps in Russia (data on commanders could be outdated):
- 57th Army Corps (Ulan-Ude) (Major General Alexander Maslov)
- 68th Army Corps (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) (Lieutenant General Vladimir Varennikov)
- 1st Air Defense Corps (Balashikha, Moscow region) (Lieutenant General Nikolai Dubovikov)
- 23rd Air Defense Corps (Vladivostok, Primorsky Territory) (Major General Viktor Ostashko)
- 21st Air Defense Corps (Severomorsk, Murmansk region) (Lieutenant General Sergey Razygraev)
- 16th operational submarine squadron (Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka region) (Vice Admiral Alexander Neshcheret)
- 7th operational squadron of surface ships (Severomorsk, Murmansk region) (Vice Admiral Gennady Radzevsky)
Army.
In this case, the army as a military formation.
The army is a large military formation for operational purposes. The army includes divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops.
An army may also include one or more corps.
Staff rank com. Army - Colonel General.
Armies are usually not formed in peacetime and regiments, divisions and battalions are part of the District.
Now there are 30 armies in Russia:
- 37th Air Army (strategic) of the Supreme High Command (Moscow).
Lieutenant General Mikhail Oparin
- 61st Air Army (military transport aviation) of the Supreme High Command (Moscow),
Lieutenant General Viktor Denisov
27th Guards Rocket Army (Vladimir),
Lieutenant General Viktor Alekseev
- 31st Rocket Army (Orenburg),
Lieutenant General Anatoly Borzenkov
- 33rd Guards Rocket Army (Omsk)
Lieutenant General Alexander Konarev
- 53rd Rocket Army (Chita).
Lieutenant General Leonid Sinyakovich
3rd separate army of rocket and space defense (Solnechnogorsk, Moscow region).
Major General Sergei Kurushkin
2nd Guards Combined Arms Army (Samara).
Major General Alexei Verbitsky
- 5th Combined Arms Army (Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory).
Major General Alexander Stolyarov
- 20th Guards Combined Arms Army (Voronezh).
Lieutenant General Sergei Makarov
- 22nd Guards Combined Arms Army (Nizhny Novgorod).
Lieutenant General Alexei Merkuriev
- 35th Combined Arms Army (Belogorsk, Amur Region).
Lieutenant General Alexander Kutikov
- 41st combined arms army (Borzya, Chita region).
Lieutenant General Khakim Mirzazyanov
- 41st Combined Arms Army (Novosibirsk).
Major General Vladimir Kovrov
- 58th Combined Arms Army (Vladikavkaz).
Lieutenant General Valery Gerasimov
Group of Russian troops in Transcaucasia.
Lieutenant General Nikolai Zolotov
- Operational group of Russian troops in Transnistria (Tiraspol).
Major General Boris Sergeev
4th Air Force and Air Defense Army (Rostov-on-Don).
Lieutenant General Alexander Zelin
5th Air Force and Air Defense Army (Yekaterinburg).
Lieutenant General Evgeny Yuriev
- 6th Air Force and Air Defense Army (St. Petersburg).
Lieutenant General Evgeny Torbov
- 11th Air Force and Air Defense Army (Khabarovsk).
Lieutenant General Igor Sadofiev
- 14th Air Force and Air Defense Army (Novosibirsk).
Lieutenant General Nikolai Danilov
16th Air Army (Kubinka, Moscow region).
Lieutenant General Valery Retunsky
1st submarine flotilla (Zaozersk, Murmansk region)
Vice Admiral Oleg Burtsev
- 3rd submarine flotilla (Gadzhiyevo, Murmansk region).
Vice Admiral Sergei Simonenko
Kola flotilla of heterogeneous forces (Polyarny, Murmansk region).
Vice Admiral Nikolai Osokin
- Primorsky flotilla of diverse forces (Fokino, Primorsky Krai).
Vice Admiral Yevgeny Litvinenko
- Kamchatka flotilla of diverse forces (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky).
Vice Admiral Yuri Shumanin
Caspian flotilla (Astrakhan).
Rear Admiral Kravchuk Viktor Petrovich (since 2005)
Troops and forces of the North-Eastern Direction of the Pacific Fleet (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky).
Rear Admiral Viktor Chirkov (?)
County (in war time Front)
The highest military formation.
The front includes several armies, corps, divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops. Fronts are never subdivided according to the types of troops
At the head of the front (district) is the commander of the front (district) with the rank of army general
Russia now has 6 military districts, 4 military fleets (data as of May 2007).
-Moscow Military District
Army General Bakin Vladimir Yurievich
- Leningrad Military District
Army General Puzanov Igor Evgenievich
- Volga-Urals Military District
Army General Boldyrev Vladimir Anatolyevich
- North Caucasian Military District
Army General Baranov Alexander Ivanovich
- Siberian Military District
Colonel General POSTNIKOV Alexander Nikolaevich
- Far Eastern Military District
Colonel General Vladimir Bulgakov
Northern Fleet
Admiral Vysotsky Vladimir Sergeevich
- Pacific Fleet
Admiral Fedorov Victor Dmitrievich
- Black Sea Fleet
Admiral Tatarinov Alexander
- Baltic Fleet
Vice Admiral Sidenko Konstantin Semenovich
In addition, there is:
Subdivision.
These are all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all combined in one word "unit". The word comes from the concept of division, divide. Those. part is divided into divisions.
Part.
The main unit of the Armed Forces. Most often, a unit is understood as a regiment or brigade.
For part characteristic:
- own office work,
- military economy,
- having a bank account,
- postal and telegraphic address,
- the presence of its own official seal,
- Commander's right to issue written orders,
- the presence of open (for example, 44 training tank division) and closed (military unit 08728) combined arms numbers.
The presence of the Battle Banner for the part is optional.
In addition to the regiment and brigade, division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military department, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food depot, district song and dance ensemble, garrison house of officers, garrison household complex services, central school of junior specialists, military school, military institute, etc.)
In some cases, a Unit may be a unit other than a regiment or brigade. Battalion, Company and even a platoon. Such parts are referred to by the word "separate" before the name.
Compound.
United units: Division. Less often, Brigade.
Union.
Unification is a term that unites a corps, an army, an army group and a front (district).
I'm still working on the text.
Generals have always found it difficult to manage large military units. To facilitate management, it was decided to create subunits commanded by junior commanders. Below is a list of these subunits. Of course, each army has its own manner of command, but the sub-units are often similar in different armies. After all, the management of military units of the army is an extremely responsible matter, and the smaller the unit commanded by an officer, the easier it is for him to understand the situation. This reduces liability.
In this article, we will also consider the organization and armament of units of foreign armies. This is a very serious topic, which is of interest to many. Large units of foreign armies are divided into their small parts. The first such part is a link.
Link, or fire group
A wing is a small military unit of the infantry and is designed to optimize fire, movement, tactical doctrine in combat. Depending on mission requirements, a typical fireteam consists of four or fewer members:
- submachine gunner;
- assistant machine gunner;
- shooter;
- designated team leader.
The role of each fireteam leader is to ensure that everyone acts as a unit. Two or three fireteams are organized into a squad or section in coordinated operations led by the squad leader.
Military theorists regard effective fireteams as essential to the modern professional military as they serve as the core group. Psychological studies conducted by the United States Army have shown that the survivability and readiness of soldiers to combat are more influenced by the desire to both protect and support other members of the fireteam than abstract concepts or ideologies. Historically, countries with effective fireteam organization have had significantly better performance from their infantry units in combat than those that have limited themselves to traditional operations with larger units.
The fireteam is the primary link on which the organization of modern infantry in the British Army, the regiments of the Royal Air Force, the Royal Marines, the US Army is based. The concept of fireteams is based on the need for tactical flexibility in infantry operations. The link is able to act autonomously as part of a larger unit. Successful work as part of fireteams depends on the quality training of military personnel in small units, the experience of working together among members of fireteams, the availability of sufficient communications infrastructure and quality NCOs to provide tactical leadership of the group.
These requirements led to the successful use of the fireteam concept by the more professional military. Call for military service makes it difficult to develop links as team members are less effective as they gain experience over time by working together and building personal connections. The tactics of actions of army units as part of a link are quite diverse.
In combat, when attacking or maneuvering, a fireteam typically spreads out to 50 meters (160 ft), while in defensive positions a team may cover their weapon range or line of sight, whichever is less. In open country, an effective group can travel up to 500 meters (1,600 ft), although detection range limits effectiveness beyond 100 meters (330 ft) or so without special equipment. A team is effective as long as its main weapon remains operational. Link as part of an army unit on this moment very effective combat unit.
The next division consists of several links. This large unit of the army is called a detachment.
Detachment
In military terminology, a detachment, or squadron, is a unit led by a non-commissioned officer who is subordinate to an infantry platoon. In countries that adhere to the traditions of the British army (Australian army, Canadian army, etc.), this organization is called a section. In most armies, a squad consists of eight to fourteen soldiers and can be divided into fireteams.
During World War II, the infantry unit of the German Wehrmacht (or Gruppe) was built around the general purpose machine gun. The advantage of the general purpose machine gun concept was that it greatly increased the total amount of fire that could be given by the squad. MG-34 or MG-42 were actively used as such a machine gun.
The infantry group consisted of ten people: a non-commissioned officer, a deputy commander, a group of three people (a machine gunner, an assistant gunner and an ammunition carrier) and five shooters. as a personal small arms the squad leader was issued a rifle or, from around 1941, a submachine gun, the machine gunner and his assistant were issued pistols, and the deputy squad leader, ammunition carrier and marksmen were issued rifles.
Riflemen carried additional ammunition, hand grenades, explosives, or a machine gun tripod, as needed. They provided security and covering fire for the machine gun group. Two of the standard issue 98k Carbine rifles could be replaced with Gewehr-43 semi-automatic rifles, and sometimes assault rifles StG-44s could be used to rearm the entire detachment, except for the machine gun.
In U.S. Army units, historically, a troop was a division of a section consisting of two soldiers up to 12 men, and was originally used primarily for training and administrative purposes.
Platoon
A platoon is a combat unit of an army, usually consisting of two or more squads/sections/patrols. Platoon organization varies by country, but generally according to official organization charts published in U.S. military records, a full U.S. Infantry Rifle Platoon consists of 39 soldiers or 43 Marines (U.S. Army or U.S. Marine Corps respectively) . There are other types of rifle platoons (e.g. anti-tank, lightly armored recon, mortar, recon, sniper), depending on the service and type of infantry company/battalion to which the platoon is assigned, and these platoons can range from 18 men (marine corps USA - sniper platoon) up to 69 people (USMC - mortar platoon).
The platoon was originally a firing unit, not an organization. The system was invented by Swedish Gustav Adolf in 1618. In the French army in the 1670s, the battalion was divided into 18 platoons, which were grouped into three "shoots". Each firing platoon either actually fired or reloaded. The system was also used by the British, Austrian, Russian and Dutch armies. The platoon leader is usually a junior officer: junior or senior lieutenant or a soldier of equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant. A platoon is usually the smallest military unit led by an officer.
Rifle platoons usually consist of a small platoon and three or four sections (commonwealths) or squadrons (USA). In some armies, the platoon is used in all divisions of the army. In several armies, such as the French army, the platoon is specifically a cavalry unit, and the infantry uses "section" as the equivalent unit. A unit consisting of several platoons is called a company/battery/detachment.
From October 1913, under the scheme of General Sir Ivor Maxs, the regular battalions of the British Army were reorganized from the previous eight companies into four company structures, with each company having four platoons as separate units, each commanded by a lieutenant with a platoon sergeant as his second-in-command. Each platoon was divided into four parts under the command of a corporal. Due to the lack of officers in 1938-1940. for experienced non-commissioned officers who commanded platoons, the non-commissioned officer rank of platoon sergeant major was introduced. AT modern divisions Russian army platoon - one of the main army units.
Company
A company is a military unit, usually consisting of 80-150 soldiers, commanded by a major or captain. Most companies are formed from three to six platoons, although the exact number may vary by country, unit type, and structure.
Usually several companies are grouped into a battalion or regiment, the latter of which is sometimes formed by several battalions. Sometimes independent or separate companies are organized for special purposes, such as the 1st Airborne Communications Company or the 3rd Reconnaissance Company. These companies are not organic to a battalion or regiment, but rather report directly to a higher level organization such as a Marine Expeditionary Force HQ (i.e. corps level command).
Companies in the units of the Russian army:
- Motorized Rifle Company. A Soviet motorized rifle company can be mounted with any armored personnel carrier, armored personnel carrier or infantry fighting vehicle, which were more numerous in the late 1980s. The armored personnel carrier of a rifle company consisted of a company headquarters, three motorized rifle platoons and a machine gun/anti-tank platoon. A rifle company with an infantry fighting vehicle had the same number of personnel and carriers, and consisted of a company headquarters, three motorized rifle platoons and a machine gun platoon equipped with six RPK-74s. Despite the seeming lesser firepower, American commanders were advised to include the heavier armament of the IFV in their calculations.
- Tank company. Until the end of the 1980s, a Soviet tank company consisted of a company headquarters and three tank platoons with T-64, T-72 or T-80 tanks, totaling 39 men and 13 tanks; companies using the old T-54, T-55 or T-62 tanks had 10 or 13 additional troops. However, the forces in Eastern Europe began to standardize tank companies for 10 tanks, with three tanks in each platoon instead of four.
- Scientific company. Science companies were created in 2013 to allow college-educated conscripts to serve on scientific research assignments. There are 7 research companies:
- 2nd and 3rd Research Companies (Aerospace Force);
- 5th Research Company (Army);
- 6th Research Company (General Staff);
- 7th research company (communications);
- 8th research company (medical);
- 9th research company (RHBZ).
Battalion
A battalion is a military unit. The use of the term "battalion" depends on the nationality and type of service. Usually a battalion consists of 300-800 soldiers and is divided into several companies. A battalion is usually commanded by a lieutenant colonel. In some countries, the word "battalion" is associated with infantry.
The term was first used in Italian as battaglione (no later than the 16th century). It comes from the Italian word battaglia. The first use of the battalion on English language was in the 1580s, and the first use for "part of a regiment" is from 1708.
Independent Operations
The battalion is the smallest military organization capable of "limited independent operations" as the battalion is the lowest level organizational unit containing organic coordinating or executive personnel and a support and maintenance group (e.g., headquarters and company headquarters). The battalion must have a source of reinforcements so that it can continue operations for a long time. This is because the bulk of a battalion's load of ammunition, expendable weapons (such as hand grenades and expendable rocket launchers), water, rations, fuel, lubricants, spare parts, batteries, and medical supplies usually consists of only what can be carried. battalion soldiers and organic battalion vehicles.
In addition to sufficient personnel and equipment (typically at least two main mission companies and one mission support company) to carry out significant operations, as well as limited autonomous administrative and logistical capacity, a staff member is provided to the commander, whose function is to coordinate ongoing operations and plan future operations. The battalion's subordinate units (companies and their organic platoons) are dependent on the battalion headquarters for command, control, communications, and intelligence, and the battalion's service and support organizational structure to carry out their mission. A battalion is usually part of a regiment, brigade, or group, depending on the organizational model used by that service.
Motorized rifle battalion in the units of the Russian army
A motorized rifle battalion could be mounted either on APCs or BMP infantry fighting vehicles, with the former being more numerous in the late 1980s. The battalion headquarters includes 12 personnel and three motorized rifle companies (110 people each). The APC battalion also had an anti-tank platoon with four launchers AT-3 or AT-4 and two 73mm SPG-9 recoilless guns. APC units on high alert sometimes had six rocket launchers and three recoilless guns.
tank battalion
Until the end of the 1980s, Soviet tank battalions included three tank companies of 13 T-64, T-72 or T-80 tanks each, together with the battalion headquarters, for a total of 165 personnel and 40 tanks. The battalions, using the old T-54, T-55 or T-62, had 31 or 40 additional enlisted men. However, forces in Eastern Europe began to standardize towards lesser education.
Art division
The Soviet artillery battalion in the late 1980s consisted of a battalion headquarters, a platoon headquarters, a maintenance and supply platoon, and three firing batteries, each of six artillery units, whether self-propelled 2s1 Gvozdika or towed d-30 howitzers, and totaled 260 people or 240 people respectively. Artillery rocket battalions consisted of a headquarters platoon, a service battery and three fire batteries equipped with BM-21 ("Grads"), with a total strength of 255 people.
brigade
The brigade is the main tactical military formation, which, as a rule, consists of three to six battalions plus auxiliary elements. This is roughly equivalent to an enlarged or reinforced regiment. Two or more brigades can make up a division.
Brigades formed within a division are usually infantry or armored (sometimes called combined arms brigades). In addition to combat units, they may include combat support units or units such as artillery and engineers, as well as logistics units or units. Historically, such brigades were sometimes referred to as brigade groups. In terms of operations, a brigade may include both organic elements and attached elements, including some temporarily attached for a specific task.
Brigades can also be specialized and consist of battalions of the same unit, such as cavalry, mechanized, armored, artillery, anti-aircraft, aviation, engineering, signal or rear. Some brigades are classified as independent or detached and operate independently of the traditional divisional structure. A typical standard NATO brigade consists of approximately 3,200-5,500 troops. However, in Switzerland and Austria, their number can reach 11,000 troops. Soviet Union, its predecessors and successors, mostly use "regiment" instead of brigade, and this was common in much of Europe before World War II.
The brigade commander is usually a major general, brigadier general, brigadier, or colonel. In some armies, the commander is rated as a general officer. The brigade commander has an autonomous headquarters and personnel. The chief staff officer, usually a lieutenant colonel or colonel, may be appointed chief of staff, although until the late 20th century the British and similar armies referred to the position as "brigade major". Some brigades may also have a second in command. The headquarters has a core of staff officers and support staff (secretaries, assistants and drivers) which can vary depending on the type of brigade. Headquarters will usually have its own liaison team.
Division
A division is a large military unit, or formation, usually consisting of 10,000-20,000 soldiers. Infantry divisions during the World Wars had a nominal strength of 8,000 to 30,000 men.
In most armies, a division consists of several regiments or brigades. In turn, several divisions, as a rule, make up a corps. Historically, the division has been a default combined arms unit capable of independent operations. Smaller combination weapons, such as the US Regimental Combat Team (RCT), during World War II were used when conditions favored them. Recently, modern Western militaries have begun to use the smaller brigade combat team (similar to the RCT) as the default combined arms unit. At the same time, the division to which they belong was less important.
Although the focus of the article is on army units, in naval usage the division has a completely different meaning. Refers to either an administrative/functional subdivision of a department (e.g., fire department, weapons department) aboard naval and coast guard, ships, coastal commands, and in naval aviation units (including navy, marines, coast guard and aviation), in a subgroup of several ships in a flotilla or squadron, or two or three sections of aircraft, operating under the authority of a designated unit leader.
Within an administrative/functional unit, unit size varies widely, although typically unit strength in the military is less than 100 and is roughly equivalent in function and organizational hierarchy/command relation to a platoon.
Frame
An operational formation, sometimes known as a field corps, that consists of two or more divisions. Another variety is the administrative corps - a specialized military service unit (for example, an artillery corps, a medical corps or a unit military police) or in some cases a separate service in the national army (for example, the United States Marine Corps). These practices often overlap. For example, during Korean War United States Tenth Corps: The field corps included infantry units of the United States Marine Corps and smaller units from various US Army administrative corps.
Hull can also be a general term for non military organization, such as the United States Peace Corps.
field army
A field army (numbered army or simply an army) is a military formation in many militaries consisting of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent to formations in some air forces. The field army consists of 100-150 thousand servicemen.
Specific field armies are usually named or numbered to distinguish them from "army" in the sense of the entire national land force. In English, numbers such as "First Army" are commonly used to name field armies. While the corps, as a rule, are distinguished by Roman numerals (for example, I Corps) and subordinate formations - by serial numbers (for example, the 1st division). A field army may be given a geographical name in addition to or as an alternative to a numerical name, such as the British Army of the Rhine, the Army of the Neman, or the Army of the Aegean (also known as the Fourth Army).
The Roman army is one of the first official field armies, in the sense of a very large combined arms formation, namely the sacer comitatus, which can literally be translated as "sacred escort". The term comes from the fact that they were commanded by Roman emperors (considered sacred) when they acted as field commanders.
In some militaries, an army is or was equivalent to a corps-level unit. In the units of the Red Army, the field army in wartime was subordinate to the front (the equivalent of an army group). It contained at least three to five divisions along with artillery, air defense, intelligence and other support units. It can be classified as a combined army or a tank army. Although both were combined arms formations, the former contained more motorized rifle divisions, and the second - a larger number of tank divisions. In peacetime, the Soviet army was usually subordinate to a military district.
Modern field armies are large formations that differ significantly in numbers, composition and areas of responsibility. For example, in NATO, a field army consists of a headquarters and usually controls at least two corps, under which are located a different number of divisions. The level of the field army is affected by the movement of divisions and reinforcements from one corps to another in order to increase pressure on the enemy at a critical point. NATO troops are controlled by a general or lieutenant general.
army group, army group
Army Group – A military organization made up of several field armies that is self-sufficient indefinitely. It is usually responsible for a specific geographic area. An army group is the largest field organization, run by a single commander - usually a general or field marshal - and includes between 400,000 and 1,000,000 soldiers.
In the Polish Armed Forces and the former Soviet Red Army, the army group was known as the front.
Army groups can be multinational formations. For example, during World War II, the Southern Army Group (also known as the US 6th Army Group) included the US Seventh Army and the French First Army; The 21st Army Group included the British Second Army, the Canadian First Army and the US Ninth Army.
In both the Commonwealth and the United States, the army group number is expressed in Arabic numerals (eg 12th Army Group), while the field army number is spelled out (eg "Third Army").
Theater of operations, front
The theater of war is a sub-area on the theater of war. The theater boundary is determined by the commander, who organizes or provides support for specific combat operations within the TO.
The theater of operations is divided into strategic areas or military regions, depending on whether it is a war or peacetime. The United States military is divided into Joint Combat Teams (Regions), which are assigned to a specific theater of operations. The strategic direction is the army group, also known as target (field) forces or battle groups. A strategic command or direction would essentially comprise a number of tactical military formations or an operational command. In modern militaries, strategic command is more commonly known as combat command, which may be a combination of groups.
In the units of the Russian army
A large geographical division used by the Soviet and Russian Armed Forces to classify continental geographical territories, is classified as "theater". The separation of large continental and maritime areas helps to determine the limits within which action plans are developed for strategic military groupings of forces. This allows military operations to be carried out on specific important strategic directions, known as fronts, which were named according to their "theatre" of military operations, such as the South-Western Front (Russian Empire), 1st Ukrainian Front and the Northern Front (Soviet Union) . In peacetime, due to the loss of the strategic direction, the fronts were transformed into military regions (districts) responsible for the allotted sector of operations.
Conclusion
This article examined the military structure of units, as well as the number of units in the army. The history of such optimization of command and control goes back to antiquity. Even in the military units of the Roman army, there was a division of the legion into small formations. These formations were centuriae and cohorts. The military units in the army of the Roman Empire were very successful. Therefore, the commanders adopted this tactic.
The company depends on the type of troops, so in motorized rifle company 60-101 people; builders up to 250 people; Airborne Forces up to 80 people; tankers from 31 to 41 people. Motor rifle company:
- Defense: 1 ... 1.5 km along the front to 1 km in depth
- Offensive: 0.5 ... 1 km
Battalion. This is either 3 or 4 companies + headquarters and individual specialists (gunsmith, signalman, snipers, etc.), a mortar platoon (not always), sometimes air defense and tank destroyers (hereinafter referred to as PTB). The battalion includes from 145 to 500 people. Commanded by the battalion commander (abbreviated as battalion commander). This is a lieutenant colonel. But in our country both captains and majors command, who in the future can become lieutenant colonels, provided that this position is retained.
How many people are in a company, battalion, platoon and so on
Platoon. A platoon includes from 3 to 6 squads, that is, it can reach from 15 to 60 people. The platoon leader is in command. This is an officer position. It is occupied by a minimum of a lieutenant, a maximum of a captain. Company.
The company includes from 3 to 6 platoons, that is, it can consist of 45 to 360 people. The company commander is in command. This is a major. In fact, a senior lieutenant or captain is in command (in the army, a company commander is or is affectionately called and abbreviated as a company commander).
Battalion. This is either 3 or 4 companies + headquarters and individual specialists (gunsmith, signalman, snipers, etc.), a mortar platoon (not always), sometimes air defense and tank destroyers (hereinafter referred to as PTB). The battalion includes from 145 to 500 people. Commanded by the battalion commander (abbreviated as battalion commander). This is a lieutenant colonel.
The structure of the armed forces
From two to ten divisions of different types of troops + rear units + repair shops and so on. The number can be very different. On average, from 200,000 to 1,000,000 people and above. The army is commanded by a major general or lieutenant general.
Front. In peacetime - a military district. It's hard to give exact numbers here. They vary by region, military doctrine, political environment, and the like. The front is already a self-sufficient structure with reserves, warehouses, training units, military schools, and so on.
The front commander is in command. This is a lieutenant general or army general. The composition of the front depends on the assigned tasks and the situation.
Company, division, battalion: strength
- Brigades are a separate unit. According to their position, the brigades stand between the regiment (the regiment commander is a colonel) and the division (the division commander is a major general). In most armies of the world, between the ranks of colonel and major general, there is an intermediate rank of “brigadier general”, corresponding to the brigade commander (and during the Second World War, the Waffen-SS had the title of “oberführer”). Traditionally, there is no such title in Russia. In the modern Russian army Soviet division military district - corps - division - regiment - battalion, as a rule, is replaced by an abbreviated military district - brigade - battalion. Different levels[edit | edit code] armed forces In Russia, the units indicated in this article are divided into subdivisions (from a squad to a battalion), units (from a separate company to a regiment), formations (brigade, division, corps) and associations (army, district, group of troops, front).
Military ranks of the Russian Federation
From the brigade and above (in terms of the number of people) for 11 months of service, we did not even say. Perhaps this is due to the fact that I do not serve in a military unit, but in an educational institution. How many people do they include? Branch. Depending on the type of troops, it has from 5 to 10 people.
The squad leader is in charge. A squad leader is a sergeant's position, so a chest of drawers (short for squad leader) is often a junior sergeant or sergeant. The squad is named after its type of troops (tank, motorized rifle, engineer-sapper, communications) In the motorized rifle squad, approximately 9 to 13 people (in addition to the squad leader: grenade launcher, private with RPG-7, PM; grenade launcher assistant gunner, private with AK74; machine gunner, private with RPK74; senior gunner, corporal with AK74; 3 ... 5 gunners, privates with AK74; BMP driver mechanic and gunner-operator / BMP machine gunner / BMP).
The number of military units in the Russian Federation
Attention
Accordingly, separate battalions can be allocated, each of which is an independent military unit, or even separate companies. Also, each regiment can be part of a division, either (at a higher level) immediately subordinate to the command of the corps (“regiment of corps subordination”), or, at an even higher level, the regiment can report directly to the command of the military district (“regiment of district subordination”);
- In an infantry regiment, the main units - infantry battalions - report directly to the regiment commander. All auxiliary units are already subordinate to his deputies.
The same system is repeated at all levels. For example, for an artillery regiment of district subordination, the chief will not be the commander of the troops of the district, but the chief of artillery of the district.
Hierarchy of military formations
The battalions are different, so it is impossible to answer exactly how many there are, for example, the SME on the BTR-80 has 530 people, and on the BMP-2 - 498 people; PDB - 360-400 people, and for DShB - 450-530 people; OBMP and ODSHB approximately 650-700 people; TB on the T-72 - 174 people, and motorized rifle - 213 people; OBS - 200-250 people; reconnaissance battalion of about 600 people; OISB - about 300 people; doctors - 157 people; chemists, repairmen, builders, commandants, as well as airfield maintenance do not have a staffing table at all and are formed depending on the need Motorized rifle battalion:
- Defense: 3…5 km along the front and 2…2.5 km in depth
- Offensive: 1…2 km
Regiment. From 3 to 6 battalions, that is, from 500 to 2500+ people + headquarters + regimental artillery + air defense + PTB. The regiment is commanded by a colonel. But maybe also a lieutenant colonel.
The concept of "part" most often refers to the regiment and brigade. External signs parts are: the presence of own office work, military economy, bank account, postal and telegraph address, own official seal, the commander’s right to give written orders, open (44 training tank division) and closed (military unit 08728) combined arms numbers. That is, the part has sufficient autonomy. IMPORTANT! Please note that the terms military unit and military unit do not mean exactly the same thing.
The term "military unit" is used as a general designation, without specifics. If we are talking about a specific regiment, brigade, and so on, then the term "military unit" is used. Usually, its number is also mentioned next: “military unit 74292” (but you can’t use “military unit 74292”) or in short - military unit 74292.
Compound.
This is the case if the regiment is not part of the division, but is directly part of the army (corps, district, front). For example, 120 separate regiment of guards mortars. Note 3: Please note that the terms military unit and military unit do not mean exactly the same thing. The term "military unit" is used as a general designation, without specifics.
Info
If we are talking about a specific regiment, brigade, etc., then the term "military unit" is used. Usually, its number is also mentioned next: “military unit 74292” (but you can’t use “military unit 74292”) or in short - military unit 74292. Connection. By default, only a division is suitable for this term.
The very word "connection" means - to connect the parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). That's all together and there is a division. However, in some cases, the brigade can also have the status of a connection.
This formation is led by a full-time commander with the rank of junior sergeant or sergeant. Among the military, the term "dresser" is used, which means "squad leader" for short. Depending on the type of troops, units are called differently. For artillery, the term "crew" is used, and for tank troops, "crew". The composition of the unit As part of this formation, the service is from 5 to 10 people. However, a motorized rifle squad consists of 10-13 soldiers.
Unlike the Russian army, in the United States, a group is considered the smallest army formation. The unit itself in the US consists of two groups. Platoon In the Russian Armed Forces, a platoon consists of three to four squads. It is possible that there are more of them. The number of personnel is 45 people.
The leadership of this military formation is carried out by a junior lieutenant, lieutenant or senior lieutenant.
The backbone of any country's defense is its people. The course and outcome of most wars and armed conflicts depended on their patriotism, dedication and dedication.
Of course, in terms of preventing aggression, Russia will give preference to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, the national interests of Russia require the presence of sufficient military power for its defense. We are constantly reminded of this by the history of Russia — the history of its wars and armed conflicts. At all times, Russia has fought for its independence, defended its national interests with arms in hand, and defended the peoples of other countries.
And today Russia cannot do without the Armed Forces. They are needed to defend national interests in the international arena, to contain and neutralize military threats and dangers, which, based on the trend in the development of the current military-political situation, are more than real.
On the Composition and Organizational Structure of the Armed Forces Russian Federation, the system of recruitment and management of them, military duty and will be discussed in this section.
Composition and organizational structure of the Russian armed forces
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 1992. They are a state military organization that constitutes the defense of the country.
According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense", the Armed Forces are designed to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation.
The Armed Forces can also be involved in solving tasks not related to their main purpose, but affecting the national interests of Russia. These tasks can be:
- participation, together with internal troops and law enforcement agencies, in the fight against organized crime, in protecting the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens;
- security collective security Commonwealth countries Independent States;
- implementation of peacekeeping missions, both in the near and far abroad, etc.
These and other complex tasks are carried out by Russian troops in a certain composition and organizational structure (Fig. 2).
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central bodies of military control, formations, formations, units, subunits and organizations that are part of the branches and types of troops of the Armed Forces, the rear of the Armed Forces and troops that are not included in the types and types of troops.
To central authorities include the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff, as well as a number of departments that are in charge of certain functions and are subordinate to certain deputy defense ministers or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the High Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces are part of the central control bodies.
Type of Armed Forces is their component, which differs special weapons and designed to perform the assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). This is the Ground Forces. Air Force, Navy.
Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of branches of service (forces), special troops and rear services.
Types of troops
Under kind of troops is understood as a part of the service of the Armed Forces, which differs in the main armament, technical equipment, organizational structure, the nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent types of troops. In the Armed Forces of Russia, these are the Strategic Missile Forces, the Space Forces and Airborne Troops.
Rice. 1. Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Associations- these are military formations, including several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. The formations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.
Military district is a territorial combined arms association military units, connections, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and types of troops of the Armed Forces. The military district covers the territory of several subjects of the Russian Federation.
Fleet is the highest operational association. Commanders of districts and fleets direct their troops (forces) through headquarters subordinate to them.
connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various types of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as units (subdivisions) of support and maintenance. Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other equivalent military formations. The word "connection" means to connect parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). Together, this is the division. However, in some cases, the brigade can also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which in itself has the status of a unit. The brigade headquarters in this case, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.
Part- is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The concept of "part" most often means a regiment and a brigade. In addition to the regiment and brigade, division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military department, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food depot, district song and dance ensemble, garrison house of officers, garrison household complex service, central school of junior specialists, military institute, military school, etc.). Parts can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, separate battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as separate companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, separate battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded Battle Banner, and the ships of the Navy - the Naval flag.
Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word "unit". The word comes from the concept of "division", "divide" - the part is divided into subdivisions.
To organizations include such structures for ensuring the vital activity of the Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest houses, camp sites, etc.
Rear of the Armed Forces designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and the maintenance of their stocks, the preparation and operation of communication lines, the provision of military transportation, the repair of weapons and military equipment, providing medical care to the wounded and sick, carrying out sanitary and hygienic and veterinary measures and performing a number of other logistic support tasks. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, warehouses with stocks of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield and others), as well as repair, medical, rear guards and other units and subunits.
Quartering and arrangement of troops- the activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, quartering troops, creating conditions for the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and the conduct of hostilities.
The troops that are not included in the types and types of troops of the Armed Forces include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and the Civil Defense Troops.
Border troops designed to protect the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve problems of protection biological resources the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and the exercise of state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the FSB of Russia.
Their tasks follow from the purpose of the Border Troops. This is the protection of the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation; protection of marine biological resources; protection of the state borders of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the basis of bilateral treaties (agreements); organization of the passage of persons, Vehicle, cargo, goods and animals across the state border of the Russian Federation; intelligence, counterintelligence and operational-search activities in the interests of protecting the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and protecting marine biological resources, as well as the state borders of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Internal troops MIA Russia designed to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful encroachments.
The main tasks of the Internal Troops are: prevention and suppression of armed conflicts, actions directed against the integrity of the state; disarmament of illegal formations; compliance with the state of emergency; strengthening the protection of public order, where necessary; ensuring the normal functioning of all state structures, legally elected authorities; protection of important public facilities, special cargo, etc.
One of the most important tasks internal troops is to participate jointly with the Armed Forces in accordance with a single concept and plan in the country's territorial defense system.
Civil Defense Troops are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property intended to protect the population, material and cultural values on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
In peacetime, the main tasks of the Civil Defense Troops are: participation in activities aimed at preventing emergency situations (ES); training the population in ways to protect themselves from the dangers arising from emergencies and as a result of military operations; carrying out work to localize and eliminate the threats of emergencies that have already arisen; evacuation of the population, material and cultural values from dangerous zones to safe areas; delivery and ensuring the safety of goods transported to the emergency zone as humanitarian aid, including in foreign countries; providing medical assistance to the affected population, providing it with food, water and basic necessities; fighting fires resulting from emergencies.
In wartime, the Civil Defense troops solve tasks related to the implementation of protection and survival measures. civilian population: construction of shelters; carrying out activities for light and other types of camouflage; ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into the centers of destruction, zones of infection and pollution, catastrophic flooding; fighting fires arising during the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions; detection and designation of areas subjected to radiation, chemical, biological and other contamination; maintenance of order in areas affected by the conduct of military operations or as a result of these operations; participation in the urgent restoration of the functioning of the necessary communal facilities and other elements of the system for providing the population, rear infrastructure - airfields, roads, crossings, etc.
Command and control system of the armed forces
The general leadership of the Armed Forces (and other military formations and bodies) of the Russian Federation is carried out Supreme Commander. According to the Constitution and the Law "On Defense" it is President of Russia.
exercising their powers. The President determines the main directions of the military policy of the Russian Federation, among which important place the problems of creating, strengthening and improving the military organization, the technical equipment of the Armed Forces, determining the prospects for the development of military equipment, and the mobilization capabilities of the state are occupied. It approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, the concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, the plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the mobilization plan for the Armed Forces, which determines the procedure for the work of state authorities of Russia, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government and economy of the country in wartime. In the conditions of peace, the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation is being prepared and approved by the President, it is planned to create reserves material assets state and mobilization reserves. In addition, the President approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan.
The President of the Russian Federation approves federal state programs for armaments and the development of defense industrial complex. The President of the country also approves plans for the deployment on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste. It also approves all programs of nuclear and other special tests.
Exercising direct control over the Armed Forces, he approves the structure and composition of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations up to and including unification, as well as the staffing of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.
The most important documents, such as general military charters, provisions on the Battle Banner of a military unit, the Naval flag, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, are approved by the President of the Russian Federation and are the laws of army and navy life.
Twice a year, the President issues decrees on, as well as on the dismissal from military service of military conscripts.
As the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the country, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation on martial law, enacts and terminates normative legal acts of wartime, forms and abolishes executive authorities for the period of wartime in accordance with the federal constitutional law on martial law. In the event of aggression against Russia or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation issues a Decree on the introduction of martial law. It can be introduced throughout the entire country or in certain areas that have been attacked, threatened by attack, or which are of particular importance for the defense of the country. By imposing martial law, the President gives special powers to public authorities, local governments and organizations. When martial law is introduced, special bodies of military administration may be created, the power of which extends to civilians. All bodies and officials are ordered to assist the military command in the use of the forces and means of the given territory for defense, security and order. Certain constitutional rights of citizens may be restricted (for example, freedom of assembly, demonstration, freedom of the press).
When martial law is introduced, the President of the Russian Federation immediately informs the Federation Council and the State Duma about this. The presidential decree on the introduction of martial law must be approved by the Federation Council.
The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with federal laws, has the right to decide on the involvement of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations in the performance of tasks using weapons not for their intended purpose.
The President of Russia forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Its main functions are the development of proposals to ensure the protection of the constitutional order, state sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the country, participation, together with other bodies, in the development of the military policy of the Russian Federation.
Thus, in fulfilling his constitutional duties and tasks entrusted to him by the Federal Law "On Defense", the President of the Russian Federation - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces ensures the preparation of the country to repel possible aggression, manages all aspects of the process of maintaining the army and navy of Russia in a combat-ready state corresponding to country level.
Powers of the Federation Council and the State Duma in the field of defense
In the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the representative and legislative body is the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma. The Constitution and the Law "On Defense" clearly define the powers Federal Assembly in the field of defense.
Council of the Federation is the upper house of the Federal Assembly and acts as a representative body of the subjects of the Federation. Its jurisdiction includes the approval of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons to perform tasks not for their intended purpose, resolving the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside territory of the Russian Federation. The Federation Council considers defense spending established by the federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma, as well as those adopted by the State Duma federal laws in the field of defense.
The State Duma is a representative body of the entire population of the Russian Federation and consists of deputies elected by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
The State Duma considers defense spending established by federal laws on the federal budget; adopts federal laws in the field of defense, thereby regulating various aspects of the organization of defense and military development.
In addition to these powers, the Federation Council and the State Duma exercise parliamentary control in this area through their security and defense committees.
Government of the Russian Federation- one of the main bodies of state power in the Russian Federation. It heads the system of federal executive bodies.
In accordance with Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation takes measures to ensure the defense of the country and its security. The content of the government's activities in this area is formulated in more detail in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense". According to this law, the government: develops and submits to the State Duma proposals on defense spending in the federal budget; organizes the supply of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with materiel, energy and other resources and services on their orders; organizes the development and implementation of state programs for armaments and the development of the defense industrial complex;
determines the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces; organizes the development of the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes and takes measures to implement this program; defines the organization, tasks and implements general planning civil and territorial defense; organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products, etc.
Direct leadership of the Russian Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defense through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Minister of Defense is the direct chief of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is personally responsible for the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the ministry. On the most important issues of life and activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, he issues orders and directives, and also puts into effect regulations, instructions, and other legal acts regulating various issues of life, life and activities of the troops. The Minister of Defense manages the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Russian Federation.
Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation participates in the preparation of proposals on issues of military policy and on the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, develops a concept for the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is preparing the Federal State Program for Armaments and the Development of Military Equipment, as well as proposals for the state defense order, for defense spending in the draft federal budget. Of great importance are the coordination and financing of works carried out for defense purposes; organizing scientific research, ordering and financing the production and purchase of weapons and military equipment, food, clothing and other property, material and other resources for the Armed Forces. Ministry cooperates with military departments foreign countries and exercise a number of other powers.
The main body of operational command and control of the troops and forces of the fleet of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is General base. It develops proposals on the military doctrine of Russia, the plan for the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and coordinates the development of proposals on the size of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.
The General Staff is also preparing a plan for the employment and mobilization plan of the Armed Forces and a federal state program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes. It establishes quantitative standards for conscription for military service, military training, analyzes and coordinates the conduct of military registration in the country, prepares citizens for military service and their conscription for military service and military training. For the purposes of defense and security, the General Staff organizes intelligence activities, measures to maintain the combat and mobilization readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, etc.
The structure of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes a number of main and central departments that are in charge of certain functions and are subordinate to certain deputies of the minister of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the structure of the central bodies of the Ministry of Defense (MO) of the Russian Federation includes the High Commands of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation. Structurally, the High Command of the branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of the General Staff, directorates, departments and services. The Commander-in-Chief is at the head of the branch of the Armed Forces. He is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation and reports directly to the Minister of Defense.
The military district administration includes: the headquarters of the military district, directorates, departments, services and other structural subdivisions. The military district is headed by the commander of the troops of the military district.
The management structure of a separate military unit and the main duties of its officials are determined by the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
