In the species ratio, insects of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are the most numerous. In total, about 2 thousand of these invertebrates live here. Insect pests, which pose a threat to forest plantations, attract the greatest attention. These are bark beetles and barbels, which annually destroy about 8 thousand hectares of forest. Also, bees, May beetles, and ants, admiral butterflies and mnemosynes, dybki, kuzki and krasotely live here.
Mammals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The climate of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is favorable for the habitat of such mammals as:
Common squirrel - used to be a game animal, but now their population has declined (now there are about 10-25 million individuals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory);
- polar bear- the largest predator of the region (lives on the coast of the Arctic Ocean and is listed in the Red Book of Russia);
- white hare - inhabits the forest-tundra and the entire forest zone of the region, is an object of hunting;
- - inhabits the forest zone of the region, goes into hibernation (object of fur trade);
- Brown bear- represented in the entire forest zone of the region, on this moment, their number in the region reaches 15 thousand individuals;
- - a mammal of the mustelid family of medium size (lives in the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, goes into hibernation for the winter, is an object of fishing);
- Siberian roe deer - lives in the southern and central regions of the region, is an important object of hunting.
Otters, lemmings, moose, flying squirrels, weasels, foxes, manuls, marals, walruses, seals, wolverines and arctic foxes are also common here.
Birds of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Cherneti - a representative of the genus of diving ducks, is an object of hunting in the region;
- lapwing - one of the most widespread waders, lives in meadows and coasts of the region, belongs to the objects of hunting;
- mallard - a representative of the duck family, forms an urban population in the region, an important object of hunting;
- harrier is a bird of prey from the hawk family, lives in the southern regions of the region, feeds on birds, small rodents and mammals.
Fish of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Lenok is a fish of the salmon family, lives in rivers and lakes in the southern and central parts of the region, is a valuable commercial species;
- tench - a medium-sized fish of the carp family, found in lakes in the southern part of the region, a valuable object of fishing;
- burbot - a fish of the cod family, widespread throughout the Yenisei basin, is a commercial species, annually caught in the amount of about 500 tons;
- omul - a fish of the whitefish family, is the most important object of fishing, so its catch is strictly limited.
In addition, perch, carp, crucian carp, ruff, taimen, grayling, char and salmon are found here.
Living in Krasnoyarsk. Now it's the turn of the insects. Perhaps for some, these reports will seem a little rustic. But, as it seems to me, in the end it will be an excellent guide for the children of our readers.
There are more than one million species of insects on Earth. These are the most numerous living creatures in terms of species. There are several thousand different species in our region. To list all of them is very long, so let's focus on the most well-known representatives. By the way, arachnids and other invertebrates are often confused with insects, although the former have a distinct feature - three pairs of limbs. I note right away that I myself am “familiar” with insects worse than with vertebrates, so I apologize in advance for possible inaccuracies.
butterflies
The most beautiful representatives Insecta Those are definitely butterflies. But their larvae - caterpillars - do not cause much admiration for many. But last summer, not far from Krasnoyarsk, I found an impressive caterpillar, as it turned out, a hawk hawk. She had bright yellow spots on the sides of her body, and a large red spike on the back. The caterpillar itself hardly fit in my palm. Moth hawks are the best flyers among butterflies and are mostly active at night. But I prefer small representatives of the order of Lepidoptera (or butterflies) - pigeons. From above, their wings, as the name implies, are of a delicate blue color, with dark spots along the edges. They can often be found sitting on damp ground in the summer. Here, in huge quantities, you can also see hawthorns - white-winged, with black streaks.
There are also harmful species among butterflies. Walking in the city, you probably noticed more than once the yellow, spotted leaves of poplars. Looking closer, you can see small caterpillars inside. These are caterpillars of a small and nondescript poplar moth. With significant damage, the leaves fall off in July. And here is the mass reproduction Siberian silkworm can cause significant harm to forestry. Caterpillars of this species feed on needles, and when they large numbers this leads to the drying up of vast areas of the forest
beetles
Their largest representative in our country is the common rhinoceros beetle. A rare species listed in the Red Book. But, nevertheless, I have already met him several times near my house. The black fir barbel is slightly inferior in size to the rhinoceros beetle. The length of the antennae of the male can be 2-3 times the length of the body. The black fir barbel is a species that also causes damage to forest plantations. Its larvae gnaw through passages in wood and, in addition, are also carriers of fungal spores, disease-causing called wood blue. The presence of barbel larvae can be recognized by the characteristic squeak that they emit.
But the most famous among the beetles is probably the ladybug. The most common among us is the seven-spotted ladybug. Not only beautiful but also useful view. ladybugs destroyed in large quantities dangerous pests like aphids, psyllids, worms, scale insects and mites and are of great benefit to agriculture.
Mosquitoes and flies
Diptera are probably the most unloved representatives of insects. A distinctive feature of the detachment is the presence of only one front pair of wings. The posterior pair of them is transformed into club-shaped organs of balance - halteres. Diptera include flies, mosquitoes, midges, horseflies. Many of them are pollinators of plants, including cultivated ones, therefore they are useful for humans. And for science, the most valuable insect is a small fruit fly - which serves as a model object for genetic research.
But when mentioning Diptera, most of us will think first of all of annoying mosquitoes and. I, too, will not be an exception, remembering my last trip for mushrooms. We also have biting biting, which, if you see it, is not immediately, only when you feel that someone is biting you. Horseflies also belong to the nasal complex. Horseflies are carriers of dangerous diseases of large cattle and a person. In addition, horsefly bites are quite painful in and of themselves.
Wasps and bees
Hymenoptera, in my opinion, are the most useful insects. I think everyone who likes to drink tea with honey in the evening will agree with me. It is to this order that honey bees belong, to which we owe useful product. Along with them, this detachment includes wasps, bumblebees and hornets. All these insects have stings and are organized. If you disturb, for example, a nest of wasps, then the whole family will attack you at once, which is very painful (tested on yourself).
My mother also told me how, as a child, a hornet, the largest representative of social wasps, stung her finger on the finger. After that, the finger swelled up and increased in size by more than 2 times. I have noticed more than once that the “early birds” among insects are bumblebees. It turns out that they are able, by quickly and often contracting their chest muscles, to quickly warm up their body, which allows them to fly out early in the morning and collect the first nectar when the air has not yet warmed up enough. Hymenoptera also include ants, which have the most complex social organization. We most often meet forest, black garden and wood borer ants.
Rest
I would also like to mention the larvae of insects such as stoneflies and caddisflies. And I remembered them because they are an excellent bait for fish (grayling, dace), which I personally saw when we rafted down the Mane. The stonefly larva is also called perekolomina, it is mined by turning stones under water. They differ from the larvae of mayflies in two tail filaments (there are three in mayflies). Mayflies are also called dayflies, as adults often live only a day, and sometimes even less. Their main function at this time is to leave offspring, their mouth apparatus and intestines are not developed.
The caddisfly larva builds around its body a kind of house of grains of sand and various twigs. At the bottom of the reservoir you can also find dragonfly larvae - probably the most voracious of insects. Adult dragonflies catch prey (other insects) on the fly and can eat several times more per day own weight. And, besides, these predators are also unsurpassed flyers, capable of “accelerating” faster than 100 km / h.
I also remembered about the red cockroaches-Prusaks living in our apartments. Many say that they have become much smaller, but no one knows why.
There are still many unmentioned insects (bugs, grasshoppers, etc.), but of course, you can’t tell about all of them in one message.
Nastya Evtikhova
The fauna of our country is very rich and diverse. Unfortunately, people in pursuit of money lose their heads and exterminate rare specimens of the fauna world. are listed in the Red Book. This book has not been spared animal world Krasnoyarsk region.
Paradise land
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is very cleverly located. He got a little bit from each climate, so the nature there is interesting and unique. low-lying valleys, the region is washed by the Laptev Sea and the Kara Sea. rich in minerals, timber, rare vegetation. There is no lack of water here, rather, an overabundance. Some major rivers, more than 300 lakes, and many of them are curative. There is everything for life here, and the resources are almost inexhaustible!
Danger and threat
Animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a special, important issue. According to official data, 25 species of mammals and 89 species of birds, as well as 18 species of insects, are under threat of extinction. This information is from 2012, it is not yet possible to update the data. Due to the lack of scientists and employees, sometimes the species count is carried out only according to the words of the hunters. The compilers of the Book have to take the word of experienced local residents, because the territory of the region is so vast that it is simply impossible to go around every corner!
The fact that the Krasnoyarsk Territory is disappearing is due to the negative and destructive influence of man on nature, mainly poaching. Greed or lack of money pushes people to such crimes. Deer, sturgeon, roe deer, ibex, snow leopards, ermines - all of them are subject to extinction from the face of the earth. How to keep their population? It is not enough just to strengthen the protection of nature reserves. It is also impossible to put kindness and care for the world of fauna into the heart of everyone. The Red Book is like a red traffic light! She asks to stop and stop killing animals.
Irbis - snow leopard
This graceful animal Snow Leopard— was under threat. According to zoologists, these Krasnoyarsk Territory live in the amount of 65 individuals. Just a meager amount of majestic, graceful animals is amazing. This is due to the shooting of them by poachers and the gradual disappearance of Siberian goats - their main food.
Red Wolf
Mountain dogs, or red wolves, are very rare animals. They are practically gone; only according to the information of the Old Believer hunters is it known that they still exist. Such a handsome wolf outwardly differs from the usual in its bright color. The tail is slightly longer than that of the gray fellow, the coat is fluffy, thick. Such beauties become the object of hunting for marauders and poachers. Red wolves are dangerous predators, they eat any living creature, from lizard to deer.
Red wolves are endangered animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Scientists admit the fact that their disappearance from the planet is due to the vagaries of nature, or gray wolves are to blame for everything. The cruel treatment of man with nature also affects the disappearance of the population of these animals.
Capricorn, or Siberian goat
This proud handsome man can very rarely be found on the slopes of the mountains in the southern side of the region. Like red wolves, they have practically disappeared from the face of the earth. Capricorns avoid flat pastures - mountain slopes are more familiar and safe for them. Predators exterminated large herds of Siberian goats. Outwardly, they resemble a domestic goat, but weigh a little more, have thick brown hair and long straight horns. They are harmless, feed on lichens, grasses, moss. Their sense of smell and hearing are highly developed. It's not easy to hunt them. Capricorns are agile and nimble, especially if they are in a well-studied area. For predators, ibexes are a delicious delicacy. Therefore, they can spend several weeks just to track down a herd of Siberian goats!
Roe
With beautiful sad eyes. Their sadness is understandable, because these animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory can be counted on the fingers. A few years ago, statistics reported that 400 individuals live in the region. But every year their number decreases.
Due to construction and economic activity human, their habitat has narrowed. This greatly affected their population. Of course, poachers are also on the alert.
The roe deer is a small deer, but most of all it resembles a goat. These are graceful, graceful animals with a blunt-shaped muzzle and a short tail. In winter, the poor are practically starving, chewing branches, digging dry grass and acorns from under the snow. But in the summer they have a real feast: mushrooms, berries, juicy grass. In the warm season, they live in small groups - families, but in winter they gather in herds of 30-35 heads. The reasons for the reduction of this species are the same as for other animals - poaching and the reduction of space.
Maral
The animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, listed in the Red Book, are very diverse. Among them there is also a deer. This is a family of red deer. They are a fairly large subspecies. Males have beautiful branched horns. The mass of an adult individual reaches 300 kg.
They live in herds, where the main one is an old female, the rest are her offspring. Winter for these animals is not the best time of the year. In addition to hunger, it is also very difficult for them to move through the snow. Therefore, they constantly move in search of places with little snow. In summer they eat mushrooms, berries, herbs, tree bark, young shoots of pine needles. Adults often gnaw the soil, supplying the necessary minerals to their bodies. AT wild nature deer do not live more than 14 years, but in captivity all 30 can live.
Velvet branched and their blood have great value in medicine. Therefore, hunting for them does not stop either in winter or in summer.
If people do not stop enriching themselves at the expense of these artiodactyls, then such animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory will disappear forever.
Many more animal species are under the threat of extinction. How to protect them from this terrible end, no one has yet figured out. Poachers are not afraid of thousands of fines and even colonies. Each person must learn to take care of what Mother Nature gives us. Then the resources and living creatures on Earth will not be completely destroyed!
All animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, listed in the Red Book, are interesting and necessary on the planet in their own way. It is necessary to prevent their extinction and create all conditions for reproduction.
Insects are found literally everywhere, even in Antarctica. They are common in all ecosystems and in all kinds of biocenoses. There are so many of them that it is difficult for us to assess which species have long become rare, and which ones are on the verge of extinction. We offer you to get acquainted with the insects of the Red Book of Russia. You will find the names and descriptions of some of them later in the article.
Insects of the Red Book
Currently, about a million insects are known. Most likely, there are many more of them, but a person has not yet been able to describe all of them. This is the most numerous class of animals, striking in the diversity of its species. In Russia, their number is 80-100 thousand.
In most cases, the extinction of insects is associated with human activities. The main reasons for insects to enter the Red Book are the destruction of their habitat, the use of chemicals that kill them.
With the development of industry and Agriculture people drain swamps, change the course of rivers, destroy forests. Violation of the natural landscape changes the habitual course of life of the area, animals are deprived of food resources and places to build dwellings.
The most unpretentious insects adapt to new conditions, for example, those that feed on various types of food (monophages). Oligophages have very limited food preferences, so they can die.
There are 95 species of insects in the Red Data Book of Russia. They include the orders of Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Dragonflies and Hymenoptera. Species that are declining include the emperor dragonfly, the two-spotted aphodia, some lumberjack beetles, hermits, many ground beetles, the stag beetle, blueberry butterflies, alfalfa, etc. Endangered insects listed in the Red Book are: Pacific marshmallow, Kochubey's Tape, Mongolian bear, warty omias and others.
stag beetle
The stag beetle is a large and not too rare insect in our area, but their numbers are gradually declining. On average, adults they reach up to 7 centimeters in length, some individuals grow up to ten centimeters. In Russia, it is the second largest beetle. It lives in deciduous forests, preferring oaks, but can be content with other species. The main limiting factor for it is uncontrolled deforestation.
First of all, it is known for its huge "horns", because of which it got its name. In fact, these are the upper mouth jaws, mandibles, which they often use to fight other males and attract females. In female beetles, the jaws are much smaller and almost invisible.
wax bee
In appearance, the bee is very similar to the honeybee, but slightly smaller in size. An adult grows up to 10-12 mm. The wax bee is an endangered insect. Amateur beekeepers cause great damage to them. In one wax bee nest, up to 40 kilograms of honey is produced, but when it is removed, insects are often exterminated.
The species is found in China, Japan, Korea and northern China. On the territory of Russia, it is distributed only in coniferous and broad-leaved floodplain forests of Primorsky Krai. They nest in hollow trees and holes in rocks. To prevent the bees from disappearing completely, they are under protection in the Kedrovaya Pad and Ussuriysky parks.
Ground beetle Gebler
Gebler's ground beetle is an extremely rare insect. In Russia, there has been no reliable evidence of its discovery for half a century. AT last time the animal was found near Zmeinogorsk. It settles in the bushes of valleys and foothills, in mixed and small-leaved forests. It is also found in the eastern part of Kazakhstan.
The ground beetle reaches only 3-4 centimeters. She has a black head, but the rest of the body segments can be of different colors: from bronze to blue-black or green-black. It is bordered by a light line around the edges. This is a predator, the "menu" of which is very diverse and is represented by small insects.
Blueberry Oreas
The amazingly beautiful oreas butterfly is endemic Far East. It is found only in this region, in the south of Primorye. They live near the banks of rivers, in mixed forests and thickets of shrubs. The insect is listed in the Red Book as an endangered species.
They are painted in purple-bluish color, and the upper edges of the wings are bordered by a black outline. On the underside, the coloring is much lighter, in gray shades with a bluish bloom closer to the body. There are also black dots on the wings. In flight, their span reaches 30 centimeters. Oreas butterflies are very dependent on the Chinese Prinsepia plant, as their caterpillars feed only on it. Deforestation and livestock grazing reduce its number, which also reduces the number of insects.
Relic lumberjack
These long-whiskered beauties are the largest beetles in Russia. In the Red Book, the insect has the status of a species with a declining population. They are found in broad-leaved and mixed forests of Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territory and also in China.
The woodcutter grows up to 8-10 centimeters and has a long mustache, half the size of the body. He has a black head and paws, chestnut elytra. Its body is very elongated, which makes the whiskers look less impressive than those of related species.
This relic beetle got its name from a characteristic feature. Lumberjack larvae develop inside drying trees, and they often infect them with fungi that contribute to the destruction of wood. Other related beetles, such as celestial barbels, may also live next to them. They have a bright turquoise color with large black spots and are also listed in the Red Book.
01 09 2011
The most famous, beautiful and numerous representatives of the Lepidoptera order. These amazing creatures at all times amazed us with an incredible variety of colors, intricate patterns and bizarre shapes. There are more than 140,000 different species of butterflies living on all continents (except Antarctica). The order of butterflies consists of seventeen families, many of which live in Russia, for example, Tolstogolovki, Sailboats, Belyanki, Nymphalida, Satyriad, Golubyanka, Peacock-eyed, Zheltushki, Velvet.
Lepidoptera are the second largest (after beetles) family among insects.
Butterflies are insects with complete transformation, their body is densely covered with hairs, and their wings are covered with scales (hence the name Lepidoptera). It is from the structure and pigmentation of the scales that the color of the wings of butterflies depends.
02 09 2011
or bread mosquito - a two-winged insect from the family of nut mosquitoes. The Hessian fly is a very harmful insect in field cultivation, as it attacks many cultivated cereals: wheat, rye, sometimes barley and (very rarely) oats, as well as wheatgrass; especially harmful to winter wheat.
Signs of the Hessian fly: up to 2 mm long, the shape of the body of the mosquito, the antennae of the male are short-feathery, more than half the body long, the female is simple, shorter. The wings are gray-smoky, with two longitudinal veins, of which the second bifurcates near the middle. The legs are long and thin, reddish. The abdomen of the male is narrow, cylindrical, while that of the female is wider, pointed and ends in a rather long retractile ovipositor.
01 09 2011
- one of the largest orders of insects living on the planet. The order Beetles has over four dozen different families, uniting more than one hundred thousand species. It is difficult to find a corner on Earth where there are no beetles, perhaps only in Antarctica and high in the mountains you will not meet these beautiful flyers. Despite being beautiful appearance, most beetles are pests that cause great damage to fields, forests and meadows.
In another way, the squad of Beetles is called Coleoptera. Insects got this name because one pair of their wings hardened as a result of evolution and ceased to function as wings as such. The first pair of wings, or elytra, acts as armor, that is, it protects the insect's abdomen. In addition, a second pair of wings is located under the rigid wings, with the help of which the insect flies. Once the beetle has landed and no longer needs its wings to fly, it folds them in half and hides them under the elytra. In some species of beetles, wings are completely absent, but a pair of stiff wings is always present.
01 09 2011
- one of the most unloved person, and many animals, insects of our planet. These annoying bloodsuckers live in almost all corners of the earth, with the exception of lifeless glaciers and deserts. Where there is at least a tiny reservoir or a swamp, you will always meet a small, mosquito, which is unlikely to let you calmly walk or go fishing.
Mosquitoes belong to the Diptera order, in Russia there are over two hundred species of these blood-sucking insects. In fact, not all species of mosquitoes feed on the blood of mammals, the diet of some mosquitoes consists of the flower nectar of some plant species. Nevertheless, the females of most insects prefer to drink blood, all males feed mainly on nectar.
01 09 2011
Grasshopper- an insect, one of the most common representatives of the order Orthoptera. This family includes crickets, and locusts and bears. If the bear outwardly differs significantly from the grasshopper, then the locust, as a twin brother, looks like a jumping inhabitant of the fields and steppes. They can be distinguished thanks to the antennae, in the grasshopper they are very long, and in the locust they are short. You can meet a grasshopper in almost any region of Russia, excluding the northern regions.
Grasshoppers prefer to stay in places with dense tall grass. These are fields sown with wheat, rye or other cereals (by the way, locusts and grasshoppers are the worst enemies of cultivators, as the former destroy a huge number of crops every year), steppes with forbs, forest outskirts with rare trees, forest edges, meadows surrounding ponds and etc.
01 09 2011
- a special family of butterflies, part of the Lepidoptera order. There are 652 types of leaf rollers in total. The antennae of the leafworm are bristle-shaped, in males they are finely ciliated. The proboscis is short, spiral, sometimes underdeveloped; the jaw tentacles are three-segmented, slightly protruding, with the longest middle segment. The wings at rest are folded roof-like, the upper wings are sometimes elongated triangular. Often the wings widen at the base and then are almost quadrangular with twelve veins. Of these, one forked to the base bifurcates. The hind wings of the insect are wide, triangular.
Leafworm caterpillars have 16 legs. They are almost naked, with sparse scattered hairs. The hairs often sit on black elevated points that are on the body of the caterpillar. Caterpillars always have a brown or black head and occipital shields. Scutes yellowish or pinkish white. Belly rings in pupae with bands of hooks.
01 09 2011
- a special group of beetles from the bark beetle family. The family of bark beetles consists of 140 species of European fauna, and in total more than 750 species have been described. They belong to the group of four articular beetles and adjoin very closely to the family of weevils.
The largest of the beetles barely reach 8 millimeters in length, and the smallest are no more than 1 millimeter. Their body is cylindrical, rarely oval. Usually black or brown, rarely gray with a yellowish pattern. The head of the beetle is round, more or less drawn into the pectoral shield, sometimes with a rudimentary proboscis. The pectoral shield of the beetle is as wide as the elytra. Tibia broaden towards apex, with one or more denticles on outer margin. The larvae of the beetle are very similar to the larvae of weevils. They are pinkish-white, with a well-defined brown head. All beetles feed on plants and mainly tree species.
02 09 2011
Turtle or moorish bug- this is an insect from the proboscis squad, it is a bug with an elongated body shape. The length of the bug is almost 2 times its width. Its head is triangular with a pair of small compound eyes and 2 ocelli on the crown. Antennae thin, somewhat shorter than head. There are 5 processes on the front of the back. Of these, the first is slightly shorter than the second, and the 3rd and 4th processes are the shortest. The fifth process is elongate-fusiform. The turtle belongs to the widespread Palearctic species. It is found throughout almost all of Europe and Central Russia and also in Asia.
The front back of the bug is wide, slightly convex. Its shield is wide and long, reaching the end of the body. Legs with three jointed tarsi. The abdomen of the insect is wide, flat, consists of 7 segments. Turtles vary in color great variety. She can set 2 main types of coloration: yellowish brown and dark brown with 2 white dots and a white median stripe on the shield.
02 09 2011
or May Khrushchev, under this name they mean beetles from the lamellar family. In Europe and neighboring countries, 8 species of May beetles are described; the most common species are: common May beetle, 25-30 millimeters in length; the body is black, with gray hairs and white triangular spots on the sides of the abdomen; club of antenna in male of 7 plates, 3rd segment simple, in female of club of 6 plates; elytra uniform, reddish-brown, in fresh specimens covered, like the thoracic shield, with white fluff; the last segment of the abdomen, not covered by elytra, is elongated into a uniformly tapering blunt apex.
Eastern May Khrushchev is very similar to the previous one, but 20-25 millimeters long; 3rd antennal segment of male with denticle on anterior side; outer margins of elytra black; the last segment of the abdomen immediately narrows and then slightly widens into a rounded apex.
01 09 2011
– common name many species of the Diptera order. The family of flies consists of more than three thousand species distributed on every continent, excluding Antarctica. Flies do not live in deserts and high in the mountains, while in the rest of the world they are abundant. With such an abundance of species, it is difficult to give a general description of the behavior and appearance of all flies, however, many species have common features.
The housefly is one of the most common types of flies in Russia and (and throughout Europe). The housefly got its name because it has not lived in forests, fields, meadows and steppes for several centuries, it prefers to stay close to humans. The fact is that the housefly develops only in heaps of rotting garbage, pet manure, in pits with slops. Thus, the main concentrations of houseflies are found in villages, villages and cities.
02 09 2011
- a small family of flies, which contains only about 70 species, divided into 17 genera. Of these, about 25 species and 10 genera are characteristic of the European, Asian fauna and are common in Russia and.
Gadflies have a hemispherical head with bare eyes. In females, the eyes are wider at the back of the head than in males. The gadfly has three simple eyes. The antennae of the male are placed in a hole in the forehead. They are short, with bare feathery setae. The proboscis of American gadflies is quite large, horny and cranked. It is drawn into the oral fissure and is not visible from the outside. The American has no tentacles. In European gadflies, the mouthparts of the mouth are completely underdeveloped, so that the head from below is completely solid and sometimes has the rudiments of a proboscis and two tentacles in the form of three tubercles. The body of the gadfly is large, wide, with a transverse seam on the back. The hind legs are often very elongated. The scales of the insect are large, with long cilia. On the wings of the gadfly there are very small transverse wrinkles.
01 09 2011
Winter or rye worm - these are caterpillars of butterflies from the family of night bats or owlheads. Winter or rye worm up to 4.5 centimeters in scope. The forewings of females are brownish-gray. In males, the wings are brownish with a reddish tinge. This is a worm with dark transverse, wavy or serrated stripes. With three dark spots on each stripe. There are black borders on the spots. The hindwings of the winter worm are white. They have dark edges and veins. The antennae of the female are bristle-shaped, while those of the male are short-feathery.
The winter or rye worm is a caterpillar with 16 legs. It is smooth, earthy gray, sometimes greenish. The head of the caterpillar is reddish in the middle. Two dark stripes diverge along it. Two dark lines run along the middle of the caterpillar's back. On the back, abdominal rings, 4 black dots are visible. On each hair, located in the form of a trapezoid.
01 09 2011
- Stinging hymenoptera insects. They make up a large, about 1000 species, family, distributed in all parts of the world. Most salient feature wasps in that the front wings at rest fold exactly twice along the body of the wasp. On the territory of Russia, several types of wasps are common. The most common are the European and hornet wasps. When flying, wasps emit a buzzing sound similar to that of bees.
The body of wasps is usually almost naked. Compound eyes are kidney-shaped. The chest reaches the sides to the base of the wings. According to their way of life, wasps are divided into social (they live in families, like bees) and solitary. The social ones have males, females and workers, underdeveloped females. Single wasps have no workers. Males are devoid of sting and equipped with a pincer-shaped copulatory apparatus at the end of the abdomen. Females and worker wasps have a stinger.
01 09 2011
belong to the class of arachnids. The body of spiders consists of two sections: the cephalothorax and the mostly undivided abdomen. These sections are connected to each other by a thin stalk, usually short, less often significantly elongated.
The cephalothorax is divided by a groove into two distinct regions: head and chest. Of these, the first bears two pairs of limbs. This includes tentacles, consisting of one thick, usually short segment, armed with a movable claw. Next to this claw there is a channel opening that removes the poisonous secretion of glands. The glands are located in the main segment, and the tentacles consist of 6 segments, of which the last in the male is turned into a copulatory apparatus. On the territory of Russia, spiders are also widely distributed.
01 09 2011
- a large family of Hymenoptera insects. Body length from 2 to 32 millimeters. The head is mobile, wide, hemispherical, with two round eyes on the sides and three simple eyes on the forehead. Antennae mostly bristle or filiform. The mouthparts for chewing are well developed.
The trunk is highly developed. All parts of it are tightly soldered. The sawfly has two pairs of wings. They are well developed, transparent, rarely smoky, and do not fold. The abdomen is wide, tightly fused with the body. At the end of the abdomen on the lower side, females have a longitudinal slit in which a retractable sawtooth ovipositor is hidden. Males have a smooth plate in this place. Sawfly larvae in many ways resemble butterfly caterpillars, which is why they are called pseudocaterpillars. Its body is cylindrical and consists of three thoracic and nine abdominal rings. It is often naked and smooth, rarely hairy. The head of the sawfly is large, with two black simple eyes on the sides.
01 09 2011
- an insect from the locust family or Italian locust. This is an orthopteran insect of a grayish-brown color. It has dark mottled elytra and pink wing bases. The shins and thighs of the insect are red. The body length is from 15 to 34 millimeters. Males are usually much smaller than females.
Prus is found throughout southern and central Europe, northern Africa, and also in Siberia. The most common species in Russia is the common bee.
The most common species is the common bee. Her body is black, silky-shiny, covered with reddish-gray hairs. The female (queen or queen) is a slender bee with a spindle-shaped belly protruding far beyond the ends of the wings and with a short nose. The uterus does not have an apparatus for collecting nectar. Working, underdeveloped female, noticeably smaller. She has a collecting apparatus, consisting of a basket and a brush with a handle. The male (drone) has a silky-shiny abdomen, with its blunt end not protruding beyond the ends of the wings. He has a short nose and large eyes touching at the crown of his head.
02 09 2011
belong to the butterfly family. Scoops are divided into many families and form a suborder in the order of butterflies. Scoops are also called night bats, and pig heads. Most of these insects are butterflies of medium size and dark color.
The belly of the scoop is mostly pointed. On the chest and abdomen, its dense hairy cover, sometimes forming crests and tufts of various shapes. The wings of an insect at rest are folded roof-like. On the front wings is a characteristic pattern. Scientists call it the scoop pattern. It consists of 3 transverse stripes: half, passing at the base or root of the wing, anterior and posterior. The cutworm has 3 spots: round, kidney-shaped and conical. These spots lie between the anterior and posterior transverse stripes in the middle field of the wing. The antennae of the insect are long, bristle-like or filiform. They are the same for males and females.
01 09 2011
- This is a detachment of insects widespread on all continents, excluding Antarctica. There are about four thousand species of dragonflies in the world, about eighty species live in Europe, a little less in Russia. Dragonflies are predatory insects that are able to catch their prey right on the fly. By eating flies and mosquitoes, dragonflies benefit humans.
The dragonfly is almost impossible to confuse with other insects. Her body is thin and strongly elongated. In length, dragonflies grow up to twelve to thirteen centimeters. The body is divided into three parts: a head with huge eyes, a chest, and a strikingly thin and long abdomen. The color of the body can be very diverse: bright blue with black spots, dull green, gray, brown, and so on. Two pairs of wings are wide, transparent with small black spots. Thin seals-veins run along the entire surface of the wings.
02 09 2011
grass lice or aphid- a family of insects from the order Hemiptera. These are small insects (from 0.31 mm to 6 mm in size) living on various parts plants and suck the juices out of them.
The antennae of grass lice are 3-6 segmented, with the last segment having a long process, which is why the antennae seem to be sometimes 7-segmented. The length of the antennae is often greater than the length of the body. The mouth parts form a proboscis, which consists of 3 segments along the length. It consists of: the upper lip, 2 pairs of piercing bristles corresponding to the upper and lower jaws, and the lower lip, which forms a groove in which the bristles are placed. These bristles are many times longer than the body in some grass lice and in this case lie folded 8-shaped on the ventral side of the body, 2 bristles corresponding to the upper jaws and piercing plant tissues serve as a case for the lower ones, which are actually a sucking tube, penetrating far into the plant tissue.
