State natural reserves are territories (water areas) of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance.

At the beginning of 2008 in Russian Federation there were 69 state nature reserves of federal significance (total area 12.7 million hectares, land area - 9.6 million hectares, sea area - 2.9 million hectares). State natural reserves of federal significance located on the territory of the Central Chernozem region are presented in Table 9.

Table 9

State nature reserves of federal significance located in the Central Chernozem region

An important component of the protected areas of the Central Chernozem region are the state nature reserves of regional significance. There are more than 40 of them in the region.

Government Decree Belgorod region dated 28.03.2011 N113-pp in the region approved state regional zoological (hunting) reserves:

ü for the conservation of ungulates "Arkhangelsk" with an area of ​​7 thousand hectares;

ü for the conservation of the European marmot "Bykovsky" with an area of ​​14.2 thousand hectares; "Gubkinsky" with an area of ​​21.1 thousand hectares; "Kazinsky" with an area of ​​15.5 thousand hectares

ü Conservation of the brown hare "Veidelevsky" with an area of ​​10,000 hectares; Rovensky with an area of ​​9.8 thousand hectares

ü for the conservation of elk and European roe deer "Dmitrievsky" with an area of ​​25.6 thousand hectares

ü Krasnoyaruzhsky complex zoological (hunting) reserve with an area of ​​10.648 thousand hectares; "Pogromsky" with an area of ​​15.5 thousand hectares; "Teterevino" with an area of ​​9.78948 thousand hectares

ü for the conservation of European elk and deer "Mandrovskiy" with an area of ​​56.6 thousand hectares; "Pokrovsky" with an area of ​​15.0 thousand hectares; "Ugrimsky" with an area of ​​18.4 thousand hectares

ü for the conservation of European roe deer "Prilepinsky" with an area of ​​17.6 thousand hectares

ü for the conservation of the European beaver "Trirechye" with an area of ​​12 thousand hectares

Governor's order Kursk region dated February 20, 2001 N 178 (as amended on October 28, 2005), 9 state hunting reserves were created in the region:

ü Pustosh-Koren hunting reserves with an area of ​​4.5 thousand hectares; "Pristensky" with an area of ​​8.75 thousand hectares; "Forest" with an area of ​​9.813 thousand hectares;

ü Nikolsky fur hunting reserves with an area of ​​15.312 thousand hectares; "Guyevsky" with an area of ​​6.5 thousand hectares; "Bushmeno" with an area of ​​4.5 thousand hectares; "Deep" with an area of ​​11.5 thousand hectares; "Zhernovetskaya dacha" with an area of ​​20 thousand hectares;

ü Malino-Lezvino beaver-desman hunting reserve with an area of ​​12,000 hectares.

In the territory Lipetsk region 10 landscape and 7 zoological reserves of regional significance were organized on a total area of ​​​​more than 140 thousand hectares:

ü Zoological reserves: Lipetsk, Yamansky, Pervomaisky, Kolodetsky, Usmansky, Donskoy, Zadonsky.

ü Landscape reserves: Eletsky, Krasninsky, Lipetsky, Zadonsky, Dobrovsky, Dolgovsky, the Bityug River Valley, Khomutovsky, the upper reaches of the Matyrsky reservoir, the Dobrovsko-Filatovskaya floodplain of the Voronezh River.

Landscape reserves are designed to preserve and restore unique or typical natural landscapes, while zoological reserves are designed to preserve and restore rare and endangered species of animals, as well as species valuable in economic, scientific and cultural terms.

In accordance with the decision of the administration Tambov region dated December 29, 2007, No. 1505, biological reserves were organized:

ü "Morshansky" with an area of ​​45.3 thousand hectares (protected species - hare and marmot);

ü "Polnovsky" with an area of ​​9.7 thousand hectares (protected species: muskrat, hare, gray partridge).

Regional reserves are important for the conservation and restoration of forest and steppe ecosystems, landscape natural complexes, biodiversity conservation, maintaining water protection and environment-forming functions of the natural environment.

Except federal laws, in the protection legislation environment other normative acts of the Russian Federation are also included - decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, normative acts of other federal executive bodies issued by these bodies within their competence. Sub-legislative acts cannot contradict federal laws.

The regional level of environmental legislation is made up of regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The environmental legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is currently in its infancy, and in each region the level of development of such legislation is different.

Local self-government bodies, in accordance with the current legislation, are entitled to adopt regulatory legal acts to ensure environmental safety and rational use of natural resources according to the environmental problems of the region. The powers of local self-government bodies are presented in the Law on Local Self-Government. In particular, local self-government bodies carry out on their territory: organization of improvement and gardening of the territory of the settlement, use, protection, protection, reproduction of urban forests, forests of specially protected natural areas located within the boundaries settlements settlements (municipal district, urban district); organization of measures for environmental protection on the territory of the municipality; organization of collection, removal, disposal and processing of household and industrial waste; implementation of municipal forest and land control and supervision.

For solutions environmental issues in the Lipetsk Region, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Lipetsk Region has developed a regional target program "Environmental Protection of the Lipetsk Region for 2009-2012". Within the framework of this Program, measures were taken to improve the quality of the natural environment, develop a system of specially protected natural areas, preserve rare and endangered species of animals and plants, increase ecological culture population. As part of the implementation of the program "Regulation of the quality of the environment", measures were taken to protect atmospheric air, protection water resources.

The Administration of the Tambov region is implementing the program "Rational use and protection of water resources of the Tambov region for 2011-2013". The main indicators of the program are the clearing of 50 km of rivers, overhaul more than 30 hydraulic structures.

The implementation in the Voronezh region of the target program "Providing the population with high-quality drinking water and organizing water disposal in the Voronezh region for 2006-2010" made it possible to reduce the proportion of drinking water that does not meet hygienic standards in terms of sanitary and chemical indicators in Voronezh from 10.2% in 1999 to 8.5% in 2008, and the concentration of manganese and iron - 2 times. For more than 10 years (since 1997), a ban on the use of leaded gasoline has been in force in the Voronezh Region (Decree of the Administration of the Voronezh Region "On a phased transition to the sale of unleaded gasoline in the Voronezh Region", 1997), which made it possible to significantly reduce the concentration of lead in the atmosphere of the region ( the decrease over 10 years in the proportion of air samples that do not meet the hygienic standard for lead ranged from 8.5% to 0.05%.

December 12, 2012 in the city of Lipetsk took place the XVI International scientific and practical conference « Problems of ecology and ecological safety of the Central Chernozem region of the Russian Federation ", as a result of which it was decided

ü for the implementation of target programs for environmental protection in the regions of the Central Black Earth Region for 2013-2020, develop programs for monitoring the assessment by the population of the effectiveness of the implementation of environmental protection measures carried out in the territories of the regions;

ü to intensify work on environmental education in the Central Chernozem region, develop, together with the environmental departments of the regions, programs for carrying out activities for 2013-2015;

ü in accordance with the Laws of the regions on innovation activity, targeted integrated programs for the development of innovative activity and resolutions of administrations on the approval of the procedure for providing subsidies in accordance with the regional targeted integrated programs for the development of innovative activity to business entities engaged in innovative activities in the field of ecology, processing and disposal of waste provided governmental support in the form of subsidies;

ü to search for solutions to environmental problems in the regions of the Central Chernozem region, it is advisable to create virtual information platforms for the interaction of enterprises in the regions with scientific organizations;

ü in order to reduce the risks of future periods when placing industrial enterprises in the territories of the Central Chernozem region, to consider the possibility of implementing research projects on optimal models for locating industrial production in the territories of the regions, taking into account the factor of maximum technogenic load in the conditions of a health-saving concept of the development of the population of the region.

State natural reserves At present, there are 101 state nature reserves in Russia. nature reserve with a total area of ​​about 340,000 sq. km. in all natural areas from polar deserts to subtropics in 70 subjects of the Russian Federation.

CENTRAL DISTRICT

CENTRAL BLACK EARTH RESERVE

Central Black Earth them. prof. V.V. Alekhine Biosphere Reserve

Date of establishment Central Black Earth State Natural biosphere reserve them. V.V. Alekhin was created on February 10, 1935 by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

The purpose of the creation The main objectives of the reserve, defined during its creation, were: the preservation of virgin steppe areas in combination with forests of various types (oak forests, pine forests, "aspen bushes"), as complexes natural conditions northern steppes to study steppe biogeocenoses, the process of formation of chernozem, the relationship between the forest and the steppe, the influence of the forest in the fight against drought, for the scientific justification of a more profitable use of the natural conditions of the steppes of the northern and middle steppe belt of the European part of the USSR for agriculture and forestry.

Geographical position The reserve is located in the southwestern part of the Central Russian Upland within the middle belt of the forest-steppe zone, on the territory of the Medvensky, Manturovsky, Gorshechensky districts of the Kursk region. Until 1999, it also included the Yamskaya Steppe site in the Belgorod Region, now it is included in the Belogorye Nature Reserve

Area 5287.4 ha Number of clusters 6 (Streletsky plot with an area of ​​2046 ha, Kazatsky plot with an area of ​​1638 ha, Barkalovka (2 plots) - 368 ha, Bukreevy Barmy (2 plots) - 259 ha, Zorinsky - 495.1, Psel river floodplain (2 plots) - 481.3 ha.

The most protected species Mammals wild boar badger

roe fox

mole rat

Also, 5 species of reptiles were noted in the reserve: agile and viviparous lizards, spindleworm, common snake, steppe viper and 10 species of amphibians. About 30 species of fish live in the Psyol River. Of the invertebrates in the reserve, there are about 4 thousand species of insects alone. There are numerous beetles - 2039 species, butterflies - 856, Diptera - 451, Hymenoptera - 289 and bugs - 190. 23 species of insects are listed in the Red Book of Russia. About 200 species of spiders inhabit the areas of the reserve.

Reptiles or reptiles viviparous steppe lizard viper

Birds 210 species of birds have been recorded. The meadow steppes are inhabited by many partridges, quails, larks, and harriers. The common buzzard, black kite, common kestrel, goshawk and hobby falcon nest in the oak forests of the reserve. A rare species, the pygmy eagle, nests relatively regularly on the territory of the Barkalovka site.

pygmy eagle

Flora The flora of the Central Chernozem Reserve, protected on its territory, is unusually rich and diverse. 1276 species of higher plants are known in the reserve, which is more than 70% of the flora of the Kursk region. 9 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia: upland wolfberry (v. Yulia), Kozo-Polyansky's breakwater, feather grass, feathery feather grass, beautiful feather grass, real lady's slipper, thin-leaved peony, Russian hazel grouse, Alaunian cotoneaster. 145 species of mosses, more than 200 species of algae, 80 species of lichens and about 800 species of fungi have been registered, two of which (umbellate griffon and pistil hornwort) are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Pudyakova I.S.
Materials of the international scientific and practical conference
"Modern problems and ways to solve them in science, transport,
production and education. - 2011. - Issue 4. Volume 25.

Central Black Earth Biosphere Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alyokhina as an object of ecological tourism in the Kursk region

This report provides short description Central Black Earth Biosphere Reserve named after Professor VV Alekhin. The use of protected natural areas in ecological tourism of the Kursk region is considered. Recommendations are given for the development of ecological tourism in the studied reserve.

Keywords: ecological tourism, biosphere reserve, protected natural areas.

The Kursk region has unique natural resources, has a fairly convenient geographical position and is distinguished by a large number of historical, architectural and ethnographic monuments. Therefore, it is not surprising that it can attract the attention of potential tourists by developing various types of tourism. One of the promising areas of tourism can be called ecological tourism. According to the accounting data, the area of ​​land in specially protected areas is 5.3 thousand hectares, or 0.2% of the region's land fund.

Over 50 natural monuments of scientific and cultural value are located in Kursk and the region, including the Znamenskaya grove tract with a unique arboretum founded in the 19th century, the Krutoy Log tract, where various breeds trees, Lake Linevo with relict vegetation.

As the most remarkable, in our opinion, the object of ecological tourism in the region is the Central Black Earth Biosphere Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhin. It was created on February 10, 1935 by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR to preserve the reference virgin chernozems and the last sections of virgin steppes with the richest species diversity of herbaceous vegetation. In 1979, at the initiative of UNESCO, the reserve was included in the world network of biosphere reserves. Since 1995, the Central Black Earth Reserve has been a member of the Federation of National Parks and Nature Reserves of Europe (Europark). In 1998, among four of the hundred reserves in Russia, he became the owner of the Diploma of the Council of Europe.

Its territory represents state lands, forever withdrawn from economic use. The reserve consists of six separate and different in size sections, remote at a distance of up to 120 km from each other: Streletsky (2046 ha) - in the Kursk region, Cossack (1638 ha) - in the Medvensky district, Bukreevy Barmy (259 ha) - in Manturovsky, Barkalovka (368 ha) - in Gorshechensky, Zorinsky site (495.1 ha), located in the Oboyansky district, and Psla floodplain (481.3 ha) - in the Pristensky district. The area of ​​the reserve is 5287.4 hectares. It is surrounded along the perimeter by a security (buffer) three-kilometer zone with a sparing environmental management. Currently, the meadow steppes of the reserve are preserved in 4 modes: permanent non-mowing, periodic and annual mowing, pastures.

Virgin chernozems are the main wealth of the reserve. A fertile chernozem soil layer of a meter thickness has been created over millennia in the steppes with a certain hydrothermal regime. Powerful chernozems of the reserve on unmowed virgin lands are in a regime close to that in which they were in the prehistoric steppes. In terms of nutrient reserves, local black soils are unmatched in Europe.

In the Central Black Earth Reserve, 1276 species of higher plants are known, which is about 80% of the flora of the Kursk region. Of these, 9 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia. 145 species of mosses, more than 200 species of algae, 80 species of lichens and about 900 species of fungi have been registered, two of which are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Rich and varied animal world reserve. 46 species of mammals, 210 species of birds, 5 species of reptiles, about 30 species of fish, 4 thousand species of invertebrates live in a small area. Such a large species diversity of flora and fauna makes the reserve a truly unique and amazing place in Russia.

On the territory of the reserve active development environmental education activities. Environmental education by the employees of the reserve is carried out on the basis of the Museum of Nature, which has been operating on the territory of the reserve in the village of Zapovedny since 1971. There are four halls in the museum building. The first hall is general (the history of the creation of the reserve, characteristics of the sites). The second hall presents the climate and soils of the reserve. The exposition of the third hall is dedicated to flora and fauna. The fourth hall is informational (the works published by the reserve, relations with other institutions, a gallery of portraits of scientists who worked in the CCR). Since the opening day, the museum has been visited by about 100 thousand tourists from various cities of Russia and 40 foreign countries: France, England, Germany, Greece, USA, Mexico, Israel, India, Mongolia, Spain, China, Cuba. AT last years it is visited by 2500-3000 tourists per season. Big job carried out with funds mass media. The staff of the reserve annually publishes up to 30 popular science articles and notes.

In 2003, an ecological information center was opened in the reserve. Currently, its further equipment is underway, the accumulation of methodological literature, the replenishment of the video library, photo library. On its basis, various environmental education events are held: (seminars, circles, video lectures, the work of an environmental theater, etc.). There is a botanical nursery, where about 180 species of plants are collected, including rare, medicinal and ornamental ones from different parts of the reserve. It is planned to reconstruct the nursery and equip an observation deck with a view of the Streletskaya steppe.

On the territory of the reserve there is an ecological trail "Streletskaya steppe" with a length of 500 m, on which visitors, after a tour of the Museum of Nature, get acquainted with the steppe areas that are in rotational mowing and absolute conservation (non-mowing) modes and with a historical monument - the Polovtsian "stone warrior" of the 11th century .

Since 1996, the Central Chernozemny Reserve has been actively participating in the March for Parks action, being the coordinator of its implementation in the region.

Active mass tourist activity is impossible on the territory of the reserve, but ecological tourism can be represented within acceptable limits. To date, ecotourism activities in the reserve are extremely poorly developed. These are mainly excursions, during which visitors get acquainted with the Museum of Nature and the passage of an ecological trail.

In order to popularize the protected area and attract tourists here, it is necessary to hold as many exhibitions, forums, conferences related to environmental and tourism topics, environmental holidays and promotions, environmental events as possible.

The effectiveness of environmental education is enhanced if it is carried out in close cooperation with educational structures and institutions. Therefore, the staff of the reserve needs to conduct traveling lectures and seminars in schools, universities, enterprises, various organizations in the Kursk and nearby regions.

One of the important steps in the presentation of the reserve as an object of ecological tourism is the creation of advertising and printing products - information booklets, brochures, flyers, photo albums, sets of postcards, calendars, postal envelopes, stickers, badges, magnets and other souvenirs depicting natural complexes and protected areas.

Particular importance should be attached to the cooperation of the reserve with regional and local mass media, thanks to which all latest news reserve.

The Central Black Earth Biosphere Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhin should have its own website on the Internet, with the help of which it is possible to conduct more productive environmental education and ecotourism activities aimed at attracting tourists. For the content of the site, it is possible to create film, video and photo products.

Ecotourism requires a professional approach. Currently, employees of nature reserves and other protected natural areas have little understanding of the specifics of the organization of ecological tourism, pricing policy, the importance of advertising, marketing, and information support for visitors. In our opinion, it is necessary to conduct trainings, refresher courses and retraining of the reserve's employees in accordance with its tourism development.

On the territory of the reserve, in the area where the ecological path passes, it is possible to equip full houses and stands with inscriptions, photographs, maps and diagrams. Stands can be cognitive (provide information about the surrounding objects), instructive (with the rules of behavior on the eco-trail), emotional (contain various poems, slogans, appeals, aphorisms, sayings of the sages on environmental topics).

Literature

1. Danilina N.R., Sinitsyna V.Ya., Yasvin V.A. Protected Ecoseminary. The practice of additional professional education of specialists of reserves and national parks in the field of environmental education. - Smolensk: Magenta, 2006. - 144 p.
2. Drozdov A.V. How to develop tourism in national parks Russia. Recommendations for identifying, evaluating and promoting the tourist resources and tourist product of national parks. - M.: Ecocenter "Reserves", 2000. - 61 p.
3. Stepanitsky V.B., Troitskaya N.I., Fedotov N.P., Kreindlin M.P., Stishov M.S. Specially protected natural territories of Russia: results of the last decade. - M.: IUCN - World Conservation Union, 2003. - 64 p.

This provides report a brief description of the Central Chernozem Biosphere Reserve named after Professor VV Alekhin. The use of protected areas for eco-tourism of Kursk region is examined. The recommendations for the development of ecological tourism in this reserve are given.

key words: ecotourism, biosphere reserve, protected natural areas.

Settlements:

Date of formation: 02/10/1935

Purpose:

Activity profile:

Office:

Territory

Number of clusters: 6 clusters.

Total area: 5287.00 ha

Square security zone: 32973.00 ha

Area of ​​plots included in the boundaries of protected areas: 5287.00 ha

Contact Information

History and goals of creation

Central Black Earth State Reserve named after prof. V.V. Alekhine (TsChZ) was established on February 10, 1935 by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR as part of the Streltsy and Cossack steppes (Kursk region), the Yamskaya steppe (Belgorod region) and the Khrenovskaya steppe ( Voronezh region).

1936 - Khrenovskaya steppe (33 ha) was excluded from the reserve.

1969 - the Barkalovka (Gorshechensky district) and Bukreevy Barmy (Manturovsky district) sections were included in the reserve.

1971 - the Museum of Nature was opened on the central estate in the village. reserved

1979 - at the initiative of UNESCO, the reserve was included in the world network of biosphere reserves

1993 - the Lysyye Gory site (Belgorod region) was organized with an area of ​​170 hectares.

1995 - CCR became a full member of the Federation of National Parks and Natural Reserves of Europe.

1995 - the Stenki-Izgorya section was formed - 267 hectares (Belgorod region).

1998 - CCHZ became the owner of the Diploma of the Council of Europe.

1998 - the Zorinsky section (Oboyansky and Pristensky districts) and the Poyma Psla section (Oboyansky district) were organized.

1999 - reorganization of the reserve: three sites located on the territory of the Belgorod region - Yamskaya, Lysyye Gory and Stenki-Izgorya were transferred to the Belogorye reserve in the Belgorod region, created on the basis of the Forest on Vorskla reserve.

2003 - the Ecological Information Center of the Reserve was opened.

In the 17th century, the main occupation of the inhabitants of Kursk, which defended the southern borders of the Russian state, was agriculture. The raids of the Crimean Tatars required a more reliable cover of the southern border. The government began to attract local and alien people to the service, they accepted Don and Zaporozhye free Cossacks. Streltsy and gunners were sent here. The surrounding steppes were assigned to the Kursk garrison, where cattle were grazed and hay was harvested for them.

The organization of the Central Black Earth Reserve is closely connected with the name of Professor of Moscow University Vasily Vasilyevich Alekhin (1882-1946). According to V.V. Alekhin in the last 300-400 years, meadow-steppe vegetation in the modern territory of the reserve was formed under the influence of mowing and grazing, and in some cases on the site of forest areas. In the Streletskaya steppe, early spring grazing, haymaking and autumn grazing on the aftermath (grass regrown after mowing) alternated. Periodically, harrowing was used, during which the moss cover was torn off, sods of cereals were broken. Burning was used to improve pastures.

V.V. Alekhin was born on January 17, 1882 in Kursk, in 1901, after graduating from the Kursk male gymnasium, he entered Moscow University in the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. After graduating from the university, Alekhine remained to teach there. In 1907 V.V. Alekhin, being a fifth-year student, first came to the Streltsy steppe, and already in 1908 he made his first report in the Moscow Society of Naturalists "On the virgin steppe in Kursk." In 1909, his article “Essay on vegetation and its consecutive shift on the site of the Streltsy steppe near Kursk ", and in 1910 -" The Cossack steppe of the Kursk district in connection with the surrounding vegetation ", where he visited a year later. These works laid the foundation for a systematic study of the regularities in the composition of the vegetation cover of the steppe virgin lands. The Moscow Soil Committee in 1919 organized soil and botanical research, which covered the Streletskaya and Cossack steppes. In 1924, Alekhin, on his own initiative, again examined the vegetation of the Kursk region. The result of his trips was the discovery of the virgin lands of the Yamskaya steppe (now the Belgorod region). In 1925, he published an article entitled "The Vegetation Cover of the Central Chernobyl Region", in which he first raised the question of the need to preserve the Streltsy, Cossack and Yamskaya steppes.

On the instructions of the People's Commissariat for Education, deep preparatory work was carried out to select the objects of the reserve. On the basis of these materials, it was decided to organize a steppe chernozem reserve. In 1930, the Presidium of the Regional Executive Committee of the Central Black Earth Region declared a number of steppe areas to be complete reserves of local significance, among which are the Yamskaya (50 ha) and Cossack (100 ha) steppes. In 1931 - 1934 Alekhin and his students continue to study the steppe vegetation of the Kursk virgin lands. Among his students are talented youth - T.B. Wernander, G.I. Dokhman, N.A. Prozorovsky, S.S. Levitsky, V.M. Pokrovskaya and others. A great merit in the preservation of the virgin steppes of the Streltsy and Yamsky sections from plowing belongs to the Kursk Regional Museum of Local Lore, which from 1930 to 1935. provided supervision over the safety of the steppes.

on Streletskaya and Cossack steppes in 1932, headed by N.A. Prozorovsky and under the general guidance of A.P. Modestov (VASKHNIL) a special expedition worked, which was engaged in the identification of plants containing tannins and valuable alkaloids. In 1933, Moscow University organized under the guidance of Professor V.V. Hammerling a comprehensive expedition to study the Kursk virgin lands. On an expedition led by Professor V.V. Alekhin was attended by geobotanists N.A. Prozorovsky, T.I. Rybakova-Alabina, soil scientist K.M. Smirnova, geomorphologists Z.N. Baranovskaya and N.A. Dick, zoologist E.Kh. Zolotareva and others. Materials of the study of the steppe virgin lands were of great scientific value and were mostly published. In 1935 V.V. Alekhin, together with Voronezh botanists, initiated the creation of the first steppe reserve. On the basis of the collected materials, on February 10, 1935, by the decision of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Central Black Earth State Reserve was established as part of Streletskaya (2000 ha), Cossack (1200 ha) - Kursk region, Yamskoy (500 ha) - Belgorod region (in 1999. was transferred to the reserve "Belogorye") and Khrenovskaya (836.4 ha) steppes - Voronezh region. From July 7 to August 24, 1935, the first director of the reserve, N.A. Prozorovsky (later a professor at Moscow University) established the boundaries of the first three sections on the ground. In 1936, the Khrenovskaya steppe was excluded from the reserve, and in 1937 oak forests (Kozatsky, Dubroshina, Solovyatnik, Dedov Vesely) with a total area of ​​956 hectares were added to the reserve.

With the organization of the reserve, research work was launched. The first studies of the initial protected period were carried out by an employee of the Soil Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences E.A. Afanasyeva, who was a generally recognized expert on chernozems. Academician I.V. Tyurin, researcher K.V. Verigina. Before the war, the reserve was headed by F.F. Zheleznov (1936-1939) and I.M. Akhlopkov (from 1939 to evacuation). Before the war, a small scientific department: head of the scientific department A.B. Nikolaev, scientific botanists N.D. Zhuchkov (died at the front) and O.S. Sokolova, laboratory assistant G.M. Zhmykhov. They were assisted by the chief forester V.K. Gertsyk and observer N. Kotsiy. Employees of Moscow State University also worked: A.E. Kormilova, Z.V. Sudakova, Z.S. Shkuratenko.

Vasily Vasilyevich oversaw all botanical research in the reserve. Alekhin's classical works on the Kursk steppes were included in all textbooks of botanical geography and became known throughout the world, he is the author of the textbook "Geography of Plants" for universities, he owns more than a hundred printed works in the field of geobotany.

The territory of the Central Chernozem Reserve by the beginning of the war consisted of three sections: Streletsky (15 km south of Kursk), Cossack (25 km southeast of Kursk) and Yamsky (20 km west of Stary Oskol) with a total area of ​​about 3, 7 thousand hectares.

The period of occupation of the territory of the reserve lasted about 15 months and practically coincided with the surrender and liberation of the city of Kursk (November 3, 1941 - February 8, 1943). The occupation was carried out by German and Hungarian troops. The German fascist invaders caused great damage to the reserve. They completely cut down all the forests of operational importance in the Streletsky and Yamsky sections. The Cossack section was somewhat better preserved, which was largely facilitated by the actions of the partisans. On the central estate of the reserve, a botanical nursery with an area of ​​about 4 hectares has been plowed up, experimental plots for the reproduction of the process of humus formation in chernozems have been destroyed. After the liberation of the territory of the reserve from occupation, oak forests were used to shelter the Soviet military equipment in preparation for the battle Kursk Bulge. For some time, units of the 1st Tank Army of the Voronezh Front stood in the forests of the Streltsy and Cossack sectors. Dozens of units of military equipment (tanks, artillery, armored vehicles, trucks). Our tankers dug out a large number of caponiers, communication passages, trenches and dugouts, but did not stay long and left pretty soon.

The restoration of the reserve regime was started immediately after the liberation of the territory from the invaders in 1943 under the oldest worker of the reserve, senior forester V.K. Gertsyk, who at first acted as director. In 1945 V.V. Alekhine in last time visited the reserve, whose staff, as he wrote, then consisted of one director. However, at that moment 12 botanists from Moscow University were already working in the steppes of the reserve. Until 1946, V.V. himself supervised the restoration of scientific research in the reserve. Alekhin, who draws up a reasoned conclusion and contributes to the adoption of a decision by the Kursk Regional Executive Committee on joining 300 hectares of the old fallow to the Cossack section of the reserve. After the death of V.V. Alekhin On April 3, 1946, the restoration of the reserve was carried out by N.A. Prozorovsky and I.G. Rozmakhov. In 1947, the Far Field deposit with an area of ​​267 hectares was added to the Cossack site.

By 1949, the reserve reached the pre-war level of research volume. The Soil Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Moscow University resumed their work on the territory of the reserve.

From 1950 to 1959 - the period of primary study of nature. The main inventory work has been carried out, the first generalizations about the regularities of the hydrothermal and gas regimes of virgin chernozems and the development of steppe vegetation have been made. The complex nature of research is clearly outlined in the reserve. The participants in such studies were the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Soil Institute. V.V. Dokuchaev, Institute of Animal Morphology, USSR Academy of Sciences. A.N. Severtsov, Moscow, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk Pedagogical Institutes, etc., who, together with a team of scientists from the reserve, conducted deep and versatile studies of the forest-steppe natural complex.

Since 1960, the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR joined the ranks of research participants, which set the task of studying the problem of metabolism and energy in the natural environment of the forest-steppe zone.

34 years after the founding of the reserve, in 1969, at the request of the Kursk Regional Executive Committee, two new sites of 597 hectares were added to it - Barkalovka and Bukreevy Barmy, which attracted the attention of scientists after visiting the southeast of the Kursk region by professors V.V. Alekhin and B.P. Kozo-Polyansky (later Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences). Here, habitats of representatives of relic flora were discovered - pine wolfberry (V. Julia), Zavadsky's dendranthem, etc. Back in 1947, by a special decision, Barkalovka and Bukreevy Barmy were taken under special protection as natural monuments, but intensification economic activity in the area of ​​these sites demanded a stricter conservation regime. The preservation of the rare vegetation of these unique places was facilitated by the Kursk Regional Society for the Protection of Nature, which repeatedly organized their expeditionary surveys.

Since 1963, the Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences has been carrying out water balance studies in the Central Chernozem Reserve.

From 1961 to 1985, the reserve was headed by A.M. Krasnitsky During this time, the village was completely built and landscaped. Zapovedny is the central estate of the reserve. The village was connected by an asphalt road to the Moscow-Simferopol highway. Permanent electricity appeared, water supply and sewerage were put into operation. The settlement, one of the first in the region, was gasified. By 1967, a new administrative building, garages, a bathhouse, a post office, a shop building, two two-story residential buildings, etc. were built. The old office building was converted into the Museum of Nature, which opened in 1971.

Since 1974, complex research has been launched in the reserve, it becomes the basis for the development of aerospace (remote) progressive methods for studying geology, soil cover, phenology, productivity and well-being of vegetation, animal population and other elements of the forest-steppe landscape.

In 1979, the reserve was included in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. By this time, traditions had developed for a comprehensive study of the phenomena and processes occurring in natural complexes reserve under the Chronicle of Nature program.

In September 1993, the Lysyye Gory site in the Gubkinsky district with a total area of ​​170 hectares was attached to the Central Black Earth Reserve. In 1995, the territory of the CCR increased by 267 hectares due to the inclusion of the Stenki-Izgorya site in the Novooskolsky district of the Belgorod region (subsequently transferred to the Belogorye nature reserve).

In 1998, the reserve included two new sites with a total area of ​​986.4 hectares: "Zorinsky" and "Poyma Psla". The Zorinsky swamps received a protected status back in 1977, becoming a natural monument of the Kursk region.

In 1998, the CCR became the owner of the Diploma of the Council of Europe among four of the hundred reserves in Russia.

For some time, the Central Black Earth State Reserve included 9 sites, but in 1999 3 sites - Yamskoy, Lysyye Gory and Stenki-Izgorya, located on the territory of the Belgorod Region, were transferred to the Forest on Vorskla Reserve, which received a new name - "Belogorye".

In 2003, the Ecological Information Center of the reserve was opened.

At present, the Central Chernozem Reserve includes 6 sites remote at a distance of 120 km from each other in the Kursk region.

Role in conservation

The reserve was established to preserve and study the reference virgin chernozems and the last sections of virgin steppes with the richest species diversity of herbaceous vegetation. Central Black Earth State Natural Biosphere Reserve named after V.I. prof. V.V. Alyokhina (TsChZ), located on the territory of the Kursk region, is the oldest and most famous both in our country and abroad. In the resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated February 10, 1935, on the organization of the CCR, the following tasks were outlined: “Preservation of virgin steppe areas in their combination with forests of all types (oak forests, pine forests, aspen bushes) as complexes of natural conditions of the northern steppes, for the study of steppe biocenoses , the processes of formation of chernozem, the relationship between the forest and the steppe. Influence of the forest in the fight against drought, scientific substantiation of the most profitable use of the natural conditions of the steppes of the northern and middle strip of the European part of the USSR for agriculture and forestry.

In the two oldest sites of the CCR, Streletsky and Kazatsky, the zonal type of vegetation, which has practically disappeared in the European forest-steppe, is preserved - upland meadow steppes, which are characterized by indicators of species saturation (87 species per 1 sq.m.), outstanding for extratropical vegetation, high productivity, colorfulness and richness of flora. Meadow-steppe vegetation grows on virgin typical chernozems, the thickness of the humus horizon of which reaches 1.5 m.

The other two sites, Bukreeva Barma and Barkalovka, are characterized by petrophytic steppe communities on the slopes of chalk hills with pre-glacial (relict) plant species, including bovine wolfberry (Daphne cneorum), listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and not found in other reserves of the country.

In the Zorinsky area, sphagnum bogs in suffusion depressions with a high diversity of sphagnum mosses are of the greatest interest. The Psla Floodplain area includes floodplain alder and oak forests, swamps and oxbow lakes, where the world's smallest flowering plant lives - rootless wolfia and the largest gray heron colony.

??:???P? _ master classes and interactive programs. In particular, any guest of the booth of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia will be able to try on real skis of the Mansi people, take part in felting felt products, learn how camera traps work and much more.

Within the framework of the festival, the Russian Geographical Society of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia also organized unique performances by creative teams working in reserves and national parks of Russia, as well as a whole program of documentary environmental films.

At the site of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia in the Central House of Artists, a press approach will be held by the Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation Sergey Donskoy. Time will be announced later.

The detailed program of the festival of the Russian Geographical Society can be found at the link.

On October 31, 2014, the first stage of the All-Russian action "Alley of Russia" ends. Within four months, any resident of our country had the opportunity to choose a plant-symbol of their region. All-Russian Action"Alley of Russia" is held in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1798-r dated September 11, 2014. The first "Alley of Russia" is planned to be planted in Sevastopol on the anniversary of the Victory - May 9, 2015.

Particularly valuable natural objects

The "king" of soils - black earth, which has no equal in Europe in terms of nutrient reserves, is of particular value and pride of the reserve.

International status

Since 1978, the CCR has been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

Since 1998, the reserve has been a holder of the Diploma of the Council of Europe.

In 2012, all six sites of the Central Black Earth Reserve were officially assigned the status of promising sites of the Emerald Network of Europe (EmeraldNetwork).

Description

The reserve is located in the southwestern part of the Central Russian Upland within the middle belt of the forest-steppe zone, on the territory of the Kursk, Medvensky, Manturovsky, Gorshechensky, Oboyansky, Pristensky districts of the Kursk region. 4 sites of the reserve are located in its southwestern part and belong to the Dnieper river basin: Streletsky and Cossack sites (51°34? N 36°06? E) are located at an altitude of 178-262 m above sea level, Zorinsky (51°11? N 36°24? E) - at an altitude of 169-200 m, and the Psla floodplain (51°11? N 36°19? E) - 155 -167 m above sea level on the watershed of the Seima and Psla rivers.

2 sites of the reserve are located in the southeastern part of the Central Russian Upland and belong to the Don river basin: Barkalovka (51°33′ N 37°39′ E) and Bukreevy Barmy (51°30′ N 37 18° E) at an altitude of 163-238 m above sea level on the watershed of the Oskol and Ksheni rivers.

Blessed Kursk steppes

Central -Chernozem Reserve , territorially located in the forest-steppe zone of the Kursk region, has the complex name "natural, biospheric". This means that the territory of the reserve is studied by specialists in various fields - chemists, climatologists, geologists, biologists. The value of the reserve lies in its land, vegetation, air, climate.
Found this amazing place Professor V.V. Alekhin and marked the boundaries protected area back in the early twentieth century, and officially the Kursk steppes were named a protected area in 1935. This is one of the oldest reserves in Russia, and it is simply amazing how time has not regenerated the herbs inherent in this area. Now the reserve bears the name of Professor V.V. Alekhin and covers an area of ​​5287.4 hectares.
The second name of the Central Black Earth Reserve is the Streletskaya Steppe, after the name of the Streletskaya Sloboda, a historically famous place in the Kursk region. Interesting fact: with the same name in Kursk, the Streltsy Steppe balm is produced, the basis of which is herbs cut in the protected area.

Fauna of the Kursk Reserve
Vast expanses of steppe are cut by unusual curves of ravines and gullies, on the slopes of which groves and mixed forests are collected. For a long time, saigas, kulans, roe deer, and aurochs have been found here. The steppe is inhabited by small rodents, mainly marmots, spotted ground squirrels, mole rats, badgers, and martens. Bustards, larks, little bustards like to nest in dense tall grass. Families of vociferous nightingales, which are a symbol of the Kursk region, settle in the bush.
Wild boars and wolves found shelter in the protected forests. The number of wolves has to be regulated, but small animals and birds are considered privileged residents here. Often there are kites, steppe harriers, buzzards, hawks, honey beetles. All these birds are rare predators today, and in the streltsy steppe in the early morning and on a hot day you can see the flight of fast birds crossing the sky, or proudly soaring large birds.
There are 50 species of mammals, 226 species of birds. In rivers and lakes there are 35 species of fish, 10 species of amphibians. The steppe is distinguished by a large number of rare insects living in the grass, on the forest edges.
Flora of the Kursk Reserve
The steppe vegetation of the Central Chernozem Reserve is distinguished by the fact that the herbs can be harvested twice during the warm season. Early spring haymaking and autumn haymaking alternate along the aftermath - the grass that has grown after the first mowing.
The colorful harmony of shrubs, grasses, forests, ravines is preserved from generation to generation. Virgin steppe areas, forests, oak forests, groves, pine forests, even isolated shrubs are preserved. All this is a complex of natural conditions of the steppe zone.
relic plants, which are called "living fossils", are considered to be a prolomnik, a volodushka, a wolfberry, a dendrantema, a shivekeria. 1287 species of plants grow on the lands of the reserve, including adventitious grasses and 86 rare species plants that are threatened with extinction.
Modern scientists study the steppe biocenosis, the process of formation of black soil, the relationships that develop in nature between the forest, the steppe and the living creatures that inhabit them. Modern measures for the protection of rare and endangered plants and animals are being studied.
Polovtsian statue - business card Streltsy steppe

Refers to the monuments of the IX-XIII centuries, when there was a custom to erect idols. The name "baba" in translation from the Turkic language means "ancestor" or "grandfather-father". The statues symbolize the immortality of warriors, the feminine power capable of reviving nature, the fertility of the earth.
In addition to the ancient stone woman, in the Kursk steppes you can see the modern Museum of Nature, the Ecological Information Center, and the botanical nursery. Interesting cognitive excursions, environmental education events are held here.

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